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Liu H, Fu X, Li M, Wang S. Comparisons of air-conduction hearing thresholds between manual and automated methods in a commercial audiometer. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1292395. [PMID: 38188027 PMCID: PMC10771286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1292395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation of air-conduction thresholds between automated audiometry in a non-isolated environment and manual audiometry in participants with normal hearing and different degrees of hearing loss. Methods Eighty-three participants aged 11-88 years old underwent automated pure-tone audiometry in a non-acoustically isolated environment, and the results were compared with those of manual pure-tone audiometry performed in a standard acoustically isolated booth, with the order of testing randomised. Six frequencies of 250, 500, 1,000, 2000, 4,000 and 8,000 Hz were tested. Results All 166 ears were completed and 996 valid hearing threshold data were obtained, with 28 data exceeding the 95% confidence interval in the Bland-Altman plot, accounting for 2.81% of all data. The means and standard deviations of the differences for the six frequencies from 250 to 8,000 Hz were, respectively, 0.63 ± 5.31, 0.69 ± 4.50, 0.45 ± 4.99, 0.3 ± 6.2, -0.15 ± 4.8, and 0.21 ± 4.97 dB. The correlation coefficients of the two test results for normal hearing, mild, moderate, severe and above hearing loss groups were 0.95, 0.92, 0.97, and 0.96, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the automated and manual audiometry thresholds for the age groups under 40 years, 40-60 years, and 60 years above, were 0.98, 0.97 and 0.97, respectively, with all being statistically significant (p < 0.01). The response time of the three age groups were 791 ± 181 ms, 900 ± 190 ms and 1,063 ± 332 ms, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the groups under 40 years and over 60 years. Conclusion There was good consistency between automated pure-tone audiometry in a non-acoustically isolated environment and manual pure-tone audiometry in participants with different hearing levels and different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
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Rahim TH, Sunjaya DK, Hilmanto D, Hasansulama W, Putra FZ. Hearing Screening Alternative Using a Website-Based Application. J Audiol Otol 2023; 27:123-127. [PMID: 37461800 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2023.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Indonesians encounter several barriers to regular functional hearing assessment. Hearing loss screening is only provided by tertiary-care hospitals that are not reachable by people in remote regions. This study aimed to develop a website-based hearing screening application that is accessible and inexpensive. Subjects and. METHODS This comparative study was conducted between July and August 2022 in the Otolaryngology Clinic of Muhammadiyah Bandung Hospital with noise levels below 50 dB. The hearing screening was conducted using a website-based application (www.Screenout.id) and audiogram as the gold standard method. On ScreenOut, patients heard sounds with frequencies at 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz and sound intensity of each frequency at 35, 55, and 75 dB using earphones. RESULTS A total of 133 participants were enrolled in our study. ScreenOut showed high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (90.9%, 98.9%, 93.6%, 99.4%, and 84.8%, respectively). Regarding hearing threshold, a very strong correlation was found between ScreenOut and audiogram, ranging between r=0.843 and r=0.899. Aside from that, there was no significant difference in hearing threshold values between ScreenOut and audiogram. CONCLUSIONS Many advantages of the ScreenOut were found, including low-cost, accessibility, and easy-to-use interface, making it favorably used in low-middle-income countries such as Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tety Hadiaty Rahim
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dany Hilmanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Wijana Hasansulama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Frans Zefanya Putra
- School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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Hoff M, Göthberg H, Tengstrand T, Rosenhall U, Skoog I, Sadeghi A. Accuracy of automated pure-tone audiometry in population-based samples of older adults. Int J Audiol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37335133 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2023.2220909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Automated pure-tone audiometry is frequently used in teleaudiology and hearing screening. Given the high prevalence of age-related hearing loss, older adults are an important target population. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of automated audiometry in older adults, and to examine the influence of test frequency, age, sex, hearing and cognitive status. DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE In a population-based study, two age-homogeneous samples of 70-year-olds (n = 238) and 85-year-olds (n = 114) were tested with automated audiometry in an office using circum-aural headphones and, around 4 weeks later, with manual audiometry conducted to clinical standards. The differences were analysed for individual frequencies (range: 0.25-8 kHz) and pure-tone averages. RESULTS The mean difference varied across test frequencies and age groups, the overall figure being -0.7 dB (SD = 8.8, p < 0.001), and 68% to 94% of automated thresholds corresponded within ±10 dB of manual thresholds. The poorest accuracy was found at 8 kHz. Age, sex, hearing and cognitive status were not associated with the accuracy (ordinal regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS Automated audiometry seems to produce accurate assessments of hearing sensitivity in the majority of older adults, but with larger error margins than in younger populations, and is not affected by relevant patient factors associated with old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hoff
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Audiology Department, Habilitation and Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Göthberg
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Audiology Department, Habilitation and Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Tengstrand
- Audiology Department, Habilitation and Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Rosenhall
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Audiology Department, Habilitation and Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- EPINEP Research Group, AgeCap Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Sadeghi
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Audiology Department, Habilitation and Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sidiras C, Nielsen J, Sørensen CB, Schmidt JH, Pedersen RG, Pedersen ER. Ambient Noise in Candidate Rooms for User-Operated Audiometry. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060889. [PMID: 36981546 PMCID: PMC10048149 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a widespread problem while treatment is not always accessible, mainly because of the limited availability of hearing care professionals and clinics. In this work, part of the User-Operated Audiometry project, we investigate the acoustic environment of inexpensive non-sound-treated rooms that could be used for unsupervised audiometric testing. Measurements of 10 min of ambient noise were taken from 20 non-sound-treated rooms in libraries and private and public clinics, nine of which were measured twice. Ambient noise was compared against two traditional audiometric sound-treated rooms and Maximum Permissible Ambient noise levels by ISO 8231-1, while factoring for the attenuation by the DD450 circumaural headphones provided. In most non-sound-treated rooms, MPAs were violated only by transient sounds, while the floor-noise level was below MPAs. Non-sound-treated rooms' ambient noise levels presented with much larger fluctuations compared to sound-treated rooms. Almost all violations occurred at low to mid-low frequencies. Our results suggest that large-scale implementation of user-operated audiometry outside traditional audiometric rooms is possible, at least under some realizable conditions. Circumaural headphones' attenuation is probably a necessary condition for all cases. Depending on the room, an online system making decisions based on ambient noise might also be included in combination with active attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Sidiras
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Lab, 3rd Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Chris Bang Sørensen
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hvass Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for ORL-Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ellen Raben Pedersen
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Cheng HL, Han JY, Chu YC, Cheng YF, Lin CM, Chiang MC, Wu SL, Lai YH, Liao WH. Evaluating the hearing screening effectiveness of active noise cancellation technology among young adults: A pilot study. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:105-112. [PMID: 36300992 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population of young adults who are hearing impaired increases yearly, and a device that enables convenient hearing screening could help monitor their hearing. However, background noise is a critical issue that limits the capabilities of such a device. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of commercial active noise cancellation (ANC) headphones for hearing screening applications in the presence of background noise. In particular, six confounders were used for a comprehensive evaluation. METHODS We enrolled 12 young adults (a total of 23 ears with normal hearing) to participate in this study. A cross-sectional self-controlled study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of hearing screening in the presence of background noise, with a total of 240 test conditions (=3 ANC models × 2 ANC function statuses × 2 noise types × 5 noise levels × 4 frequencies) for each test ear. Subsequently, a linear regression model was used to prove the effectiveness of ANC headphones for hearing screening applications in the presence of background noise with six confounders. RESULTS The experimental results showed that, on average, the ANC function of headphones can improve the effectiveness of hearing screening tasks in the presence of background noise. Specifically, the statistical analysis showed that the ANC function enabled a significant 10% improvement ( p < 0.001) compared with no ANC function. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the effectiveness of ANC headphones for young adult hearing screening applications in the presence of background noise. Furthermore, the statistical results confirmed that as confounding variables, noise type, noise level, hearing screening frequency, ANC headphone model, and sex all affect the effectiveness of the ANC function. These findings suggest that ANC is a potential means of helping users obtain high-accuracy hearing screening results in the presence of background noise. Moreover, we present possible directions of development for ANC headphones in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Lien Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-Yan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Chia Chu
- Department of Information Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Big Data Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Mei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Liang Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Hui Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Medical Device Innovation & Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung, University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Huei Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu H, Du B, Liu B, Fu X, Wang Y. Clinical comparison of two automated audiometry procedures. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1011016. [PMID: 36303947 PMCID: PMC9595274 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1011016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Automated pure-tone audiometry has been shown to provide similar hearing threshold estimates to conventional audiometry, but lower correlations were reported at high and low frequencies in audiometric tests than those of manual tests, while the correlations were better in the middle frequencies. In this paper, we used the same equipment and different test procedures for automated testing, and compared the results with manual test results. Design One hundred subjects aged 18–36 years were randomly divided into two groups to perform air-conduction pure-tone audiometry (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 kHz) using the ascending and shortened ascending protocols built-in to the automated audiometer, respectively. Recorded testing time, the total number of responses and the subject’s preference tests were compared with those of manual tests. Results Significant difference was found at 250 Hz regarding the distribution of the absolute difference between the two automated and the manual thresholds. The testing time spend in the ascending method (9.8 ± 1.4 min, mean ± SD) was significantly longer than in the shorted ascending method (5.8 ± 0.9 min). The total numbers of responses of the ascending method (90.5 ± 10.8 times) and shorted ascending method (62.0 ± 11.4 times) were significantly different. Finally, no significant difference was found in preferences between automated and manual procedures. Conclusion The shorted ascending method can save lots of testing time. The difference between the two automated thresholds at 250 Hz is caused by the different test procedures, and the difference at 8,000 Hz between the automated test and the manual test can be due to the transducer types and allowable differences in calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xinxing Fu,
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Yao Wang,
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Robler SK, Coco L, Krumm M. Telehealth solutions for assessing auditory outcomes related to noise and ototoxic exposures in clinic and research. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:1737. [PMID: 36182272 DOI: 10.1121/10.0013706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 1.5 billion people globally have some decline in hearing ability throughout their lifetime. Many causes for hearing loss are preventable, such as that from exposure to noise and chemicals. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 50% of individuals 12-25 years old are at risk of hearing loss due to recreational noise exposure. In the occupational setting, an estimated 16% of disabling hearing loss is related to occupational noise exposure, highest in developing countries. Ototoxicity is another cause of acquired hearing loss. Audiologic assessment is essential for monitoring hearing health and for the diagnosis and management of hearing loss and related disorders (e.g., tinnitus). However, 44% of the world's population is considered rural and, consequently, lacks access to quality hearing healthcare. Therefore, serving individuals living in rural and under-resourced areas requires creative solutions. Conducting hearing assessments via telehealth is one such solution. Telehealth can be used in a variety of contexts, including noise and ototoxic exposure monitoring, field testing in rural and low-resource settings, and evaluating auditory outcomes in large-scale clinical trials. This overview summarizes current telehealth applications and practices for the audiometric assessment, identification, and monitoring of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kleindienst Robler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Laura Coco
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Mark Krumm
- Department of Hearing Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
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Purnami N, Palandeng RW, - S, Arifianto D, Moon IS. Validity of automated audiometry for hearing examination in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. F1000Res 2022; 10:1277. [PMID: 36127887 PMCID: PMC9468620 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75090.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to test the validity of automated audiometry as a method of hearing examination in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study with a retrospective approach, using patient medical records. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were recruited based-on medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Pulmonology outpatient unit, then referred to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient unit of the Dr. Soetomo Academic Medical Center. The subjects’ hearing function was measured with two different devices (automated audiometer and conventional audiometer) before being given anti-tuberculosis drug therapy (aminoglycoside injection) as ototoxicity monitoring from July to December 2019 period. Sensitivity and specificity analysis was used to assess the validity of the test. Results: A total of 36 patients (72 ears) were included. The comparison test results using the Mann-Whitney test showed that there were significant differences between automated audiometry and conventional audiometry in both ears. Analysis values were: sensitivity 80-97%, specificity 37-96%, positive predictive value 74-98%, and negative predictive value 59-96%. Conclusions: Automated audiometry is valid for use as a method of hearing examination and monitoring in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyilo Purnami
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, -, Indonesia
| | - Rian W. Palandeng
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, -, Indonesia
| | - Soedarsono -
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, -, Indonesia
| | - Dhany Arifianto
- Departement of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia, -, Indonesia
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Serpanos YC, Hobbs M, Nunez K, Gambino L, Butler J. Adapting Audiology Procedures During the Pandemic: Validity and Efficacy of Testing Outside a Sound Booth. Am J Audiol 2022; 31:91-100. [PMID: 34965363 DOI: 10.1044/2021_aja-21-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This investigation aims to provide outcomes from a clinical perspective on the validity and efficacy of a wireless automated audiometer system that could be used in multiple settings when a sound booth is not accessible. Testing was conducted in a clinical setting under modified protocols meeting safety precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD Four doctoral students in audiology served as examiners. Participants were 69 adults between the ages of 20 and 69 years, with normal hearing (≤ 25 dB HL; n = 110 ears) or hearing loss (> 25 dB HL; n = 25 ears). Two versions of a pure-tone air-conduction threshold test following a modified Hughson-Westlake approach were performed and compared at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (a) in a sound-treated test booth using standard manual audiometry and (b) in a quiet, nonsound-treated clinical room (sound booth free) using automated KUDUwave audiometry. Participants were asked to complete a five-item feedback questionnaire, and examiners were interviewed to report on their experience. RESULTS Clinical validity to within ±10 dB of standard audiometry was demonstrated for 94.5% of the total thresholds (n = 937) measured with the sound booth-free approach. Less accuracy (73.3%) was observed using a ±5 dB comparison. When comparing the mean thresholds, there were significant differences (p < .01) between the mean thresholds at most frequencies, with mean sound booth thresholds being higher than the sound booth-free mean thresholds. A strong threshold correlation (.91-.98) was found between the methods across frequencies. Participant and examiner feedback supported the efficacy of the sound booth-free technology. CONCLUSIONS Findings support sound booth-free, automated software-controlled audiometry with active noise monitoring as a valid and efficient procedure for pure-tone hearing threshold assessment. This method offers an effective alternative when circumstances require more transportable hearing assessment technology or do not allow for standard manual audiometry in a sound booth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yula C. Serpanos
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
- Long Island Doctor of Audiology (AuD) Consortium, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
| | | | - Karina Nunez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
- Long Island Doctor of Audiology (AuD) Consortium, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
| | - Lucia Gambino
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
- Long Island Doctor of Audiology (AuD) Consortium, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
| | - Jasmin Butler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
- Long Island Doctor of Audiology (AuD) Consortium, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
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Garcia A, Chari DA, Stankovic KM, Lee DJ, Kozin ED, Franck KH. Implementation of Mobile Audiometry During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:465-468. [PMID: 34609938 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utility of portable audiometry became more apparent as elective procedures were deferred in an effort to limit exposure to health care providers. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated mobile-based audiometry in the emergency department and outpatient otology and audiology clinics. Air conduction thresholds with mobile audiometry were within 5 dB in 66% of tests (95% CI, 62.8%-69.09%) and within 10 dB in 84% of tests (95% CI, 81.4%-86.2%) as compared with conventional audiometry. No significant differences were noted between mobile-based and conventional audiometry at any frequencies, except 8 kHz (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity for screening for hearing loss were 94.3% (95% CI, 91.9%-96.83%) and 92.3% (95% CI, 90.1%-94.4%), respectively. While automated threshold audiometry does not replace conventional audiometry, mobile audiometry is a promising screening tool when conventional audiometry is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Divya A Chari
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elliott D Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen CH, Lin HYH, Wang MC, Chu YC, Chang CY, Huang CY, Cheng YF. Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartphone-Based Audiometry for Hearing Loss Detection: Meta-analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e28378. [PMID: 34515644 PMCID: PMC8477297 DOI: 10.2196/28378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities worldwide and affects both individual and public health. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) is the gold standard for hearing assessment, but it is often not available in many settings, given its high cost and demand for human resources. Smartphone-based audiometry may be equally effective and can improve access to adequate hearing evaluations. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the current evidence of the role of smartphone-based audiometry in hearing assessments and further explore the factors that influence its diagnostic accuracy. Methods Five databases—PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus—were queried to identify original studies that examined the diagnostic accuracy of hearing loss measurement using smartphone-based devices with conventional PTA as a reference test. A bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled sensitivity and specificity. The factors associated with diagnostic accuracy were identified using a bivariate meta-regression model. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Results In all, 25 studies with a total of 4470 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for smartphone-based audiometry were 89% (95% CI 83%-93%), 93% (95% CI 87%-97%), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), respectively; the corresponding values for the smartphone-based speech recognition test were 91% (95% CI 86%-94%), 88% (95% CI 75%-94%), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95), respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that patient age, equipment used, and the presence of soundproof booths were significantly related to diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions We have presented comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of smartphone-based tests in diagnosing hearing loss. Smartphone-based audiometry may serve as an accurate and accessible approach to hearing evaluations, especially in settings where conventional PTA is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yu Haley Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Che Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chia Chu
- Information Management Office, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Medical AI Development Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Yuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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12
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Wasmann JW, Pragt L, Eikelboom R, Swanepoel DW. Digital approaches to automated and machine learning assessments of hearing: a scoping review (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2021; 24:e32581. [PMID: 34919056 PMCID: PMC8851345 DOI: 10.2196/32581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing loss affects 1 in 5 people worldwide and is estimated to affect 1 in 4 by 2050. Treatment relies on the accurate diagnosis of hearing loss; however, this first step is out of reach for >80% of those affected. Increasingly automated approaches are being developed for self-administered digital hearing assessments without the direct involvement of professionals. Objective This study aims to provide an overview of digital approaches in automated and machine learning assessments of hearing using pure-tone audiometry and to focus on the aspects related to accuracy, reliability, and time efficiency. This review is an extension of a 2013 systematic review. Methods A search across the electronic databases of PubMed, IEEE, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant reports from the peer-reviewed literature. Key information about each report’s scope and details was collected to assess the commonalities among the approaches. Results A total of 56 reports from 2012 to June 2021 were included. From this selection, 27 unique automated approaches were identified. Machine learning approaches require fewer trials than conventional threshold-seeking approaches, and personal digital devices make assessments more affordable and accessible. Validity can be enhanced using digital technologies for quality surveillance, including noise monitoring and detecting inconclusive results. Conclusions In the past 10 years, an increasing number of automated approaches have reported similar accuracy, reliability, and time efficiency as manual hearing assessments. New developments, including machine learning approaches, offer features, versatility, and cost-effectiveness beyond manual audiometry. Used within identified limitations, automated assessments using digital devices can support task-shifting, self-care, telehealth, and clinical care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem Wasmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leontien Pragt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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13
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Bean BN, Roberts RA, Picou EM, Angley GP, Edwards AJ. Automated Audiometry in Quiet and Simulated Exam Room Noise for Listeners with Normal Hearing and Impaired Hearing. J Am Acad Audiol 2021; 33:6-13. [PMID: 34034339 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of audiograms could be automated which would allow more time for provision of specialty services. Ideally, automated audiometers would provide accurate results for listeners with impaired hearing as well as normal hearing. Additionally, accurate results should be provided both in controlled environments like a sound-attenuating room but also in test environments that may support greater application when sound-attenuating rooms are unavailable. Otokiosk is an iOS-based system that has been available for clinical use, but there are not yet any published validation studies using this product. PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to complete a validation study on the OtoKiosk automated audiometry system in quiet and in low-level noise, for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with impaired hearing. RESEARCH DESIGN Pure tone air conduction thresholds were obtained for each participant for three randomized conditions: standard audiometry, automated testing in quiet, and automated testing in noise. Noise, when present, was 35 dBA overall and was designed to emulate an empty medical exam room. STUDY SAMPLE Participants consisted of 11 adults with hearing loss and 15 adults with normal hearing recruited from the local area. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Thresholds were measured at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz using the Otokiosk system that incorporates a modified Hughson-Westlake method. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and also by a linear mixed-effects model to compare thresholds obtained in each condition. RESULTS Across condition and participant group 73.6% of thresholds measured with OtoKiosk were within ± 5 dB of the conventionally measured thresholds; 92.8% were within ± 10 dB. On average, differences between tests were small. Pairwise comparisons revealed thresholds were ∼3.5-4 dB better with conventional audiometry than with the mobile application in quiet and in noise. Noise did not affect thresholds measured with OtoKiosk. CONCLUSIONS The OtoKiosk automated hearing test measured pure tone air conduction thresholds from 500 - 4000 Hz at slightly higher thresholds than conventional audiometry, but less than the smallest typical 5 dB clinical step-size. Our results suggest OtoKiosk is a reasonable solution for sound booths and exam rooms with low-level background noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Bean
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard A Roberts
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Erin M Picou
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gina P Angley
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda J Edwards
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Sandström J, Swanepoel D, Laurent C, Umefjord G, Lundberg T. Accuracy and Reliability of Smartphone Self-Test Audiometry in Community Clinics in Low Income Settings: A Comparative Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:578-584. [PMID: 31965808 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420902162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of hearing health care globally, and tele-audiology and mobile technologies have been proposed as important strategies to reduce the shortfall. OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy and reliability of smartphone self-test audiometry in adults, in community clinics in low-income settings. METHODS A prospective, intra-individual, repeated measurements design was used. Sixty-three adult participants (mean age 52 years, range 20-88 years) were recruited from ENT and primary health care clinics in a low-income community in Tshwane, South Africa. Air conduction hearing thresholds for octave frequencies 0.5 to 8 kHz collected with the smartphone self-test in non-sound treated environments were compared to those obtained by reference audiometry. RESULTS The overall mean difference between threshold seeking methods (ie, smartphone thresholds subtracted from reference) was -2.2 dB HL (n = 467 thresholds, P = 0.00). Agreement was within 10 dB HL for 80.1% (n = 467 thresholds) of all threshold comparisons. Sensitivity for detection hearing loss >40 dB HL in one ear was 90.6% (n = 84 ears), and specificity 94.2% (n = 84 ears). CONCLUSION Smartphone self-test audiometry can provide accurate and reliable air conduction hearing thresholds for adults in community clinics in low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - DeWet Swanepoel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Claude Laurent
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Science, Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Umefjord
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorbjörn Lundberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Bastianelli M, Mark AE, McAfee A, Schramm D, Lefrançois R, Bromwich M. Adult validation of a self-administered tablet audiometer. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 48:59. [PMID: 31699157 PMCID: PMC6839098 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-019-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence to suggest that rates of hearing loss are increasing more rapidly than the capacity of traditional audiometry resources for screening. A novel innovation in tablet, self-administered portable audiometry has been proposed as a solution to this discordance. The primary objective of this study was to validate a tablet audiometer with adult patients in a clinical setting. Secondarily, word recognition with a tablet audiometer was compared against conventional audiometry. Methods Three distinct prospective adult cohorts underwent testing. In group 1 and group 2 testing with the automated tablet audiometer was compared to standard sound booth audiometry. In Group 1, participants’ pure tone thresholds were measured with an automated tablet audiometer in a quiet clinic exam room. In Group 2, participants completed monosyllabic word recognition testing using the NU-6 word lists. In Group 3, internal reliability was tested by having participants perform two automated tablet audiometric evaluation in sequence. Results Group 1 included 40 patients mean age was 54.7 ± 18.4 years old and 60% female; Group 2 included 44 participants mean age was 55.2 ± 14.8 years old and 68.2% female; Group 3 included 40 participants with mean age of 39.4 + 15.9 years old and 60.5% female. In Group 1, compared to standard audiometry, 95.7% (95% CI: 92.6–98.9%) of thresholds were within 10 dB. In Group 2, comparing word recognition results, 96.2% (95% CI: 89.5–98.7%) were clinically equivalent and within a critical difference range. In Group 3, One-way Intraclass Correlation for agreement for the both left- and right-ear pure tone average was 0.98. The mean difference between repeat assessments was 0 (SD = 2.1) in the left ear, and 0.1 (SD = 1.1) in the right ear. Conclusion Puretone audiometry and word recognition testing appears valid when performed by non-healthcare experts using a tablet audiometer outside a sound booth in a quiet environment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02761798. Registered April, 2016 < https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02761798>
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bastianelli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Amy E Mark
- Children's Hospital of Easter Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,SHOEBOX Inc, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arran McAfee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Schramm
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Easter Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Bromwich
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Easter Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,SHOEBOX Inc, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Govender SM, Mars M. Assessing the efficacy of asynchronous telehealth-based hearing screening and diagnostic services using automated audiometry in a rural South African school. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 65:e1-e9. [PMID: 30035608 PMCID: PMC6111388 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v65i1.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asynchronous automated telehealth-based hearing screening and diagnostic testing can be used within the rural school context to identify and confirm hearing loss. Objective The aims of the study were to evaluate the efficacy of an asynchronous telehealth-based service delivery model using automated technology for screening and diagnostic testing as well as to describe the prevalence, type and degree of hearing loss. Method A comparative within-subject design was used. Frequency distributions, sensitivity, specificity scores as well as the positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Testing was conducted in a non-sound-treated classroom within a school environment on 73 participants (146 ears). The sensitivity and specificity rates were 65.2% and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 91.7% and the negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV) were 93.8% and 100%, respectively. Results Results revealed that 23 ears of 20 participants (16%) presented with hearing loss. Twelve per cent of ears presented with unilateral hearing impairment and 4% with bilateral hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was identified as most prevalent (8% of ears). Eight ears obtained false-negative results and presented with mild low- to mid-frequency hearing loss. The sensitivity rate for the study was low and was attributed to plausible reasons relating to test accuracy, child-related variables and mild low-frequency sensory-neural hearing loss. Conclusion The study demonstrates that asynchronous telehealth-based automated hearing testing within the school context can be used to facilitate early identification of hearing loss; however, further research and development into protocol formulation, ongoing device monitoring and facilitator training is required to improve test sensitivity and ensure accuracy of results.
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17
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Govender SM, Mars M. Validity of automated threshold audiometry in school aged children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 105:97-102. [PMID: 29447828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated hearing tests have the potential to reduce the burden of disease amongst learners by introducing such services within the school context. METHODS The aim of the study was to conduct a validation study on normal and hearing impaired learners, comparing air and bone conduction automated test results to conventional test results in 50 school aged learners (n = 100 ears) within a noise controlled school environment using a cross sectional comparative study design. The KuduWave 5000 (Emoyo.net) was used in this study. DATA ANALYSIS The spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to determine test-retest reliability. The mean and standard deviation (SD) was measured for each frequency. The absolute mean difference (AMD) and SD was calculated for both air and bone conduction testing at each frequency for automated testing. A paired sampled t-test and a one way ANOVA was used to identify any significant differences. Alpha was set as 0.05. RESULTS There was significant correlation between thresholds obtained for automated test one and test two for normal hearing and hearing impaired group. The spearmans correlation coefficient was high (close to +1) for majority of the results for both groups across the frequency range. Both air and bone conduction testing across the frequency range of 250 Hz-2000 Hz and at 8000 Hz were not statistically signfiicant (p < .005) for both groups, however at 4000 Hz for bone conduction testing in the hearing impaired group, there was a statisticially signficant difference (p = .003). This was attirubted to the variaibilty in bone conduction test results often due to force and placement of the bone vibrator. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that automated audiometry can yield relaible results that are comparable to conventional test results. Key clinical considerations include extending the response time, regular rest periods, improving instructions and comfort levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Govender
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Telehealth, South Africa.
| | - M Mars
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Telehealth, South Africa
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18
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Kohlert S, Bromwich M. Mobile tablet audiometry in fluctuating autoimmune ear disease. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:18. [PMID: 28270231 PMCID: PMC5341391 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare condition characterized by bilateral fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The labile nature of this hearing loss makes it difficult to accurately quantify with conventional methods, and therefore it is challenging to rehabilitate. METHODS Over a 9-month period one pediatric patient with severe AIED was monitored and conducted home audiograms using a previously validated testing system (Shoebox Audiometry). During this period he also underwent several clinical audiograms. The correlation between clinical and home audiograms was analyzed with a Pearson coefficient, and the range and frequency of fluctuations was recorded. RESULTS Sixty-four automated home audiograms and nine clinical audiograms were conducted. When tested at home using a calibrated system the pure tone average (PTA) fluctuated between 12 dB and 72 dB indicating large variability in hearing. Fluctuations were frequent: on 28 occasions the PTA varied by at least 5 dB when retested within 4 days. The mean PTA was 50 dB and 95% of the thresholds were within 36 dB of the mean. Clinical audiograms obtained on the same day or within 1 day of home testing were highly concordant (with a Pearson coefficient of 0.93). CONCLUSION AIED can result in significant fluctuations in hearing over short periods of time. Home testing enables a more granular look at variations over time and correlates well with clinical testing, and thus facilitates rapid action and informed rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kohlert
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada
| | - Matthew Bromwich
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada.
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19
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Saliba J, Al-Reefi M, Carriere JS, Verma N, Provencal C, Rappaport JM. Accuracy of Mobile-Based Audiometry in the Evaluation of Hearing Loss in Quiet and Noisy Environments. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 156:706-711. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816683663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives (1) To compare the accuracy of 2 previously validated mobile-based hearing tests in determining pure tone thresholds and screening for hearing loss. (2) To determine the accuracy of mobile audiometry in noisy environments through noise reduction strategies. Study Design Prospective clinical study. Setting Tertiary hospital. Subjects and Methods Thirty-three adults with or without hearing loss were tested (mean age, 49.7 years; women, 42.4%). Air conduction thresholds measured as pure tone average and at individual frequencies were assessed by conventional audiogram and by 2 audiometric applications (consumer and professional) on a tablet device. Mobile audiometry was performed in a quiet sound booth and in a noisy sound booth (50 dB of background noise) through active and passive noise reduction strategies. Results On average, 91.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 89.1%-93.2%) and 95.8% (95% CI, 93.5%-97.1%) of the threshold values obtained in a quiet sound booth with the consumer and professional applications, respectively, were within 10 dB of the corresponding audiogram thresholds, as compared with 86.5% (95% CI, 82.6%-88.5%) and 91.3% (95% CI, 88.5%-92.8%) in a noisy sound booth through noise cancellation. When screening for at least moderate hearing loss (pure tone average >40 dB HL), the consumer application showed a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 95.9%, respectively, and the professional application, 100% and 95.9%. Overall, patients preferred mobile audiometry over conventional audiograms. Conclusion Mobile audiometry can correctly estimate pure tone thresholds and screen for moderate hearing loss. Noise reduction strategies in mobile audiometry provide a portable effective solution for hearing assessments outside clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Saliba
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Al-Reefi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Neil Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christiane Provencal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamie M. Rappaport
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Bennett RJ, Tao KFM, Swanepoel DW. Asynchronous interpretation of manual and automated audiometry: Agreement and reliability. J Telemed Telecare 2016; 24:37-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1357633x16669899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Remote interpretation of automated audiometry offers the potential to enable asynchronous tele-audiology assessment and diagnosis in areas where synchronous tele-audiometry may not be possible or practical. The aim of this study was to compare remote interpretation of manual and automated audiometry. Methods Five audiologists each interpreted manual and automated audiograms obtained from 42 patients. The main outcome variable was the audiologist’s recommendation for patient management (which included treatment recommendations, referral or discharge) between the manual and automated audiometry test. Cohen’s Kappa and Krippendorff’s Alpha were used to calculate and quantify the intra- and inter-observer agreement, respectively, and McNemar’s test was used to assess the audiologist-rated accuracy of audiograms. Audiograms were randomised and audiologists were blinded as to whether they were interpreting a manual or automated audiogram. Results Intra-observer agreement was substantial for management outcomes when comparing interpretations for manual and automated audiograms. Inter-observer agreement was moderate between clinicians for determining management decisions when interpreting both manual and automated audiograms. Audiologists were 2.8 times more likely to question the accuracy of an automated audiogram compared to a manual audiogram. Discussion There is a lack of agreement between audiologists when interpreting audiograms, whether recorded with automated or manual audiometry. The main variability in remote audiogram interpretation is likely to be individual clinician variation, rather than automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Brennan-Jones
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Karina FM Tao
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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21
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Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Swanepoel DW. Diagnosis of hearing loss using automated audiometry in an asynchronous telehealth model: A pilot accuracy study. J Telemed Telecare 2016; 23:256-262. [DOI: 10.1177/1357633x16641552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Standard criteria exist for diagnosing different types of hearing loss, yet audiologists interpret audiograms manually. This pilot study examined the feasibility of standardised interpretations of audiometry in a telehealth model of care. The aim of this study was to examine diagnostic accuracy of automated audiometry in adults with hearing loss in an asynchronous telehealth model using pre-defined diagnostic protocols. Materials and methods We recruited 42 study participants from a public audiology and otolaryngology clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Manual audiometry was performed by an audiologist either before or after automated audiometry. Diagnostic protocols were applied asynchronously for normal hearing, disabling hearing loss, conductive hearing loss and unilateral hearing loss. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted using a two-by-two matrix and Cohen’s kappa was used to measure agreement. Results The overall sensitivity for the diagnostic criteria was 0.88 (range: 0.86–1) and overall specificity was 0.93 (range: 0.86–0.97). Overall kappa ( k) agreement was ‘substantial’ k = 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.89) and significant at p < 0.001. Discussion Pre-defined diagnostic protocols applied asynchronously to automated audiometry provide accurate identification of disabling, conductive and unilateral hearing loss. This method has the potential to improve synchronous and asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Western Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Western Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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22
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Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Swanepoel DW, Friedland PL, Atlas MD. Clinical validation of automated audiometry with continuous noise-monitoring in a clinically heterogeneous population outside a sound-treated environment. Int J Audiol 2016; 55:507-13. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2016.1178858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Brennan-Jones
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Australia,
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia,
| | - Robert H. Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Australia,
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia,
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Australia,
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia,
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Peter L. Friedland
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Australia,
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia,
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia, and
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Australia,
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia,
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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23
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Keidser G, Convery E. Self-Fitting Hearing Aids: Status Quo and Future Predictions. Trends Hear 2016; 20:2331216516643284. [PMID: 27072929 PMCID: PMC4871211 DOI: 10.1177/2331216516643284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-contained, self-fitting hearing aid (SFHA) is a device that enables the user to perform both threshold measurements leading to a prescribed hearing aid setting and fine-tuning, without the need for audiological support or access to other equipment. The SFHA has been proposed as a potential solution to address unmet hearing health care in developing countries and remote locations in the developed world and is considered a means to lower cost and increase uptake of hearing aids in developed countries. This article reviews the status of the SFHA and the evidence for its feasibility and challenges and predicts where it is heading. Devices that can be considered partly or fully self-fitting without audiological support were identified in the direct-to-consumer market. None of these devices are considered self-contained as they require access to other hardware such as a proprietary interface, computer, smartphone, or tablet for manipulation. While there is evidence that self-administered fitting processes can provide valid and reliable results, their success relies on user-friendly device designs and interfaces and easy-to-interpret instructions. Until these issues have been sufficiently addressed, optional assistance with the self-fitting process and on-going use of SFHAs is recommended. Affordability and a sustainable delivery system remain additional challenges for the SFHA in developing countries. Future predictions include a growth in self-fitting products, with most future SFHAs consisting of earpieces that connect wirelessly with a smartphone and providers offering assistance through a telehealth infrastructure, and the integration of SFHAs into the traditional hearing health-care model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Keidser
- National Acoustic Laboratories and the Hearing CRC, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Convery
- National Acoustic Laboratories and the Hearing CRC, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Sandström J, Swanepoel DW, Carel Myburgh H, Laurent C. Smartphone threshold audiometry in underserved primary health-care contexts. Int J Audiol 2016; 55:232-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2015.1124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Visagie A, Swanepoel DW, Eikelboom RH. Accuracy of Remote Hearing Assessment in a Rural Community. Telemed J E Health 2015; 21:930-7. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2014.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ansophi Visagie
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Robert H. Eikelboom
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
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26
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Thompson GP, Sladen DP, Borst BJH, Still OL. Accuracy of a Tablet Audiometer for Measuring Behavioral Hearing Thresholds in a Clinical Population. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:838-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599815593737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the validity of a tablet computer–based audiometer for measuring hearing thresholds in a moderately noisy environment. Study Design A prospective single-cohort repeated measures study. Setting Tertiary care institution providing hearing health care to a diverse population. Subjects and Methods Subjects included 49 participants (44 adults, 5 children) with all degrees of hearing sensitivity. Potential participants were excluded if they were <4 years old or had cognitive deficits or ear drainage. Participants were tested with established audiometric tests and a tablet audiometer. Threshold values were measured for both ears using various stimuli (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). Testing with the tablet audiometer was conducted in a non-sound-treated room; room properties were characterized by ambient noise level and reverberation testing. Calibration assessment of the tablet audiometer was performed on 3 occasions. Results Within the test thresholds for hearing level, results from the tablet device were within 10 dB of those determined by conventional audiometry for 164 of 172 hearing levels and did not show proportional bias over the testing range. Calibration assessment showed accurate proximity between output and target values, though crosstalk and linearity failed initial assessments. Conclusion The tablet-based automated audiometer presents a new method for threshold hearing assessment outside conventional sound booths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas P. Sladen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Becky J. Hughes Borst
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Owen L. Still
- Division of Facilities Operations and Biomedical Equipment Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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