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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Sarapultseva EI, Uskalova DV, Ustenko KV, Tikhonov VN, Ivanov IA, Tikhonov AV. Transgenerational changes in Daphnia magna under radio frequency radiation in the juvenile and puberty period. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:551-560. [PMID: 35675553 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2087928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the results of direct and transgenerational effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the model organism of crustaceans Daphnia magna. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. magna were chronically exposed at 900 GHz EMF with an energy flux density (EFD) of about 1 mW/cm2 in the juvenile and pubertal periods of their ontogenesis. The cytotoxicity of exposure as well as survival, fertility and teratogenic effect of directly exposed daphnids and their progeny across three generations were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that exposure of RF-EMF at juvenile period can significantly affect the fertility and size of irradiated daphnids and their offspring of the first generation. The decrease in fertility may be associated with a cytotoxic effect on the cells of irradiated animals. The reduction in the size of the terminal spine and the body of individuals is an indicator of the negative impact of radiation on the protective strategy of the crustacean population. The reproductive process is restored by the second generation. The results of our study provide further insights into the possible mechanisms underlying the in vivo effects of RF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Sarapultseva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia.,A Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Branch of FSBI NMRRC of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Darya V Uskalova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenya V Ustenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Engineering-Physics Institute of Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor N Tikhonov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Tikhonov
- FSBI All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
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Georgiou CD, Margaritis LH. Oxidative Stress and NADPH Oxidase: Connecting Electromagnetic Fields, Cation Channels and Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10041. [PMID: 34576203 PMCID: PMC8470280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) disrupt the electrochemical balance of biological membranes, thereby causing abnormal cation movement and deterioration of the function of membrane voltage-gated ion channels. These can trigger an increase of oxidative stress (OS) and the impairment of all cellular functions, including DNA damage and subsequent carcinogenesis. In this review we focus on the main mechanisms of OS generation by EMF-sensitized NADPH oxidase (NOX), the involved OS biochemistry, and the associated key biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D. Georgiou
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Patras, 10679 Patras, Greece;
| | - Lukas H. Margaritis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 26504 Athens, Greece
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Stefi AL, Margaritis LH, Skouroliakou AS, Vassilacopoulou D. Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation affects Amyloid Precursor Protein and α-synuclein metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2019; 26:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Jooyan N, Goliaei B, Bigdeli B, Faraji-Dana R, Zamani A, Entezami M, Mortazavi SMJ. Direct and indirect effects of exposure to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on CHO cell line: Evidence of bystander effect by non-ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 174:176-187. [PMID: 31036329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid rise in global concerns about the adverse health effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) generated by common devices such as mobile phones has prompted scientists to further investigate the biological effects of these environmental exposures. Non-targeted effects (NTEs) are responses which do not need a direct exposure to be expressed and are particularly significant at low energy radiations. Although NTEs of ionizing radiation are well documented, there are scarcely any studies on non-targeted responses such as bystander effect (BE) after exposure to non-ionizing radiation. The main goal of this research is to study possible RFR-induced BE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to 900 MHz GSM RFR at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg for 4, 12 and 24 hours (h). To generate a uniformly distributed electromagnetic field and avoid extraneous RF exposures a cavity was desined and used. Cell membrane permeability, cell redox activity, metabolic and mitotic cell death and DNA damages were analyzed. Then the most effective exposure durations and statistically significant altered parameters were chosen to assess the induction of BE through medium transfer procedure. Furthermore, intra and extra cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured to assess the molecular mechanism of BE induced by non-ionizing radiation. RESULTS No statistically significant alteration was found in cell membrane permeability, cell redox activity, metabolic cell activity and micronuclei (MN) frequency in the cells directly exposed to RFR for 4, 12, or 24 h. However, RFR exposure for 24 h caused a statistically significant decrease in clonogenic ability as well as a statistically significant increase in olive moment in both directly exposed and bystander cells which received media from RFR-exposed cells (conditioned culture medium; CCM). Exposure to RFR also statistically significant elevated both intra and extra cellular levels of ROS. CONCLUSION Our observation clearly indicated the induction of BE in cells treated with CCM. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a non-ionizing radiation (900 MHz GSM RFR) can induce bystander effect. As reported for ionizing radiation, our results proposed that ROS can be a potential molecule in indirect effect of RFR. On the other hand, we found the importance of ROS in direct effect of RFR but in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Jooyan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Bigdeli
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faraji-Dana
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Entezami
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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Yahyazadeh A, Deniz ÖG, Kaplan AA, Altun G, Yurt KK, Davis D. The genomic effects of cell phone exposure on the reproductive system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:684-693. [PMID: 29884549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to increasing levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at various frequencies as technology advances. In this context, improving understanding of the biological effects of EMF remains an important, high priority issue. Although a number of studies in this issue and elsewhere have focused on the mechanisms of the oxidative stress caused by EMF, the precise understanding of the processes involved remains to be elucidated. Due to unclear results among the studies, the issue of EMF exposure in the literature should be evaluated at the genomic level on the reproductive system. Based on this requirement, a detail review of recently published studies is necessary. The main objectives of this study are to show differences between negative and positive effect of EMF on the reproductive system of animal and human. Extensive review of literature has been made based on well known data bases like Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus. This paper reviews the current literature and is intended to contribute to a better understanding of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones and wireless systems on the human reproductive system, especially on fertility. The current literature reveals that mobile phones can affect cellular functions via non-thermal effects. Although the cellular targets of global system for mobile communications (GSM)-modulated EMF are associated with the cell membrane, the subject is still controversial. Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF have generally focused on DNA damage. Possible mechanisms are related to ROS formation due to oxidative stress. EMF increases ROS production by enhancing the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase in the cell membrane. Further detailed studies are needed to elucidate DNA damage mechanisms and apoptotic pathways during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in germ cells exposed to EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Devra Davis
- Environmental Health Trust, P.O. Box 58, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
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Saliev T, Begimbetova D, Masoud AR, Matkarimov B. Biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields: Two sides of a coin. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 141:25-36. [PMID: 30030071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controversial, sensational and often contradictory scientific reports have triggered active debates over the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in literature and mass media the last few decades. This could lead to confusion and distraction, subsequently hampering the development of a univocal conclusion on the real hazards caused by EMFs on humans. For example, there are lots of publications indicating that EMF can induce apoptosis and DNA strand-breaks in cells. On the other hand, these effects could rather be beneficial, in that they could be effectively harnessed for treatment of various disorders, including cancer. This review discusses and analyzes the results of various in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies on the effects of non-ionizing EMFs on cells and organs, including the consequences of exposure to the low and high frequencies EM spectrum. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of recent data on the role of EMF in the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Additionally, the impact of EMF on the reproductive system has been discussed, as well as the relationship between EM radiation and blood cancer. Apart from adverse effects, the therapeutic potential of EMFs for clinical use in different pathologies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Saliev
- Kazakh National Medical University Named After S.D. Asfendiyarov, Tole Bi Street 94, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Matkarimov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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8
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Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102175. [PMID: 29057846 PMCID: PMC5666856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously exist in mammalian cells to participate in various cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular ROS levels are dependent on the dynamic balance between ROS generation and elimination. In this review, we summarize reported studies about the influences of magnetic fields (MFs) on ROS levels. Although in most cases, MFs increased ROS levels in human, mouse, rat cells, and tissues, there are also studies showing that ROS levels were decreased or not affected by MFs. Multiple factors could cause these discrepancies, including but not limited to MF type/intensity/frequency, exposure time and assay time-point, as well as different biological samples examined. It will be necessary to investigate the influences of different MFs on ROS in various biological samples systematically and mechanistically, which will be helpful for people to get a more complete understanding about MF-induced biological effects. In addition, reviewing the roles of MFs in ROS modulation may open up new scenarios of MF application, which could be further and more widely adopted into clinical applications, particularly in diseases that ROS have documented pathophysiological roles.
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Souli MP, Klonos P, Fragopoulou AF, Mavragani IV, Pateras IS, Kostomitsopoulos N, Margaritis LH, Zoumpoulis P, Kaklamanis L, Kletsas D, Gorgoulis VG, Kyritsis A, Pissis P, Georgakilas AG. Applying Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) for the Biophysical Characterization of Mammalian Tissues under a Variety of Cellular Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040838. [PMID: 28420124 PMCID: PMC5412422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dielectric properties of biological tissues can contribute non-invasively to a better characterization and understanding of the structural properties and physiology of living organisms. The question we asked, is whether these induced changes are effected by an endogenous or exogenous cellular stress, and can they be detected non-invasively in the form of a dielectric response, e.g., an AC conductivity switch in the broadband frequency spectrum. This study constitutes the first methodological approach for the detection of environmental stress-induced damage in mammalian tissues by the means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) at the frequencies of 1-10⁶ Hz. Firstly, we used non-ionizing (NIR) and ionizing radiation (IR) as a typical environmental stress. Specifically, rats were exposed to either digital enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) radio frequency electromagnetic radiation or to γ-radiation, respectively. The other type of stress, characterized usually by high genomic instability, was the pathophysiological state of human cancer (lung and prostate). Analyzing the results of isothermal dielectric measurements provided information on the tissues' water fraction. In most cases, our methodology proved sufficient in detecting structural changes, especially in the case of IR and malignancy. Useful specific dielectric response patterns are detected and correlated with each type of stress. Our results point towards the development of a dielectric-based methodology for better understanding and, in a relatively invasive way, the biological and structural changes effected by radiation and developing lung or prostate cancer often associated with genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Souli
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Klonos
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Adamantia F Fragopoulou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facilities, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Lukas H Margaritis
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Zoumpoulis
- Diagnostic Echotomography Medical S.A., 317C Kifissias Avenue, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Loukas Kaklamanis
- Department of Pathology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 356 Sygrou Avenue, 17674 Kallithea, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 60037 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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Manta AK, Papadopoulou D, Polyzos AP, Fragopoulou AF, Skouroliakou AS, Thanos D, Stravopodis DJ, Margaritis LH. Mobile-phone radiation-induced perturbation of gene-expression profiling, redox equilibrium and sporadic-apoptosis control in the ovary of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly (Austin) 2016; 11:75-95. [PMID: 27960592 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1270487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The daily use by people of wireless communication devices has increased exponentially in the last decade, begetting concerns regarding its potential health hazards. Drosophila melanogaster four days-old adult female flies were exposed for 30 min to radiation emitted by a commercial mobile phone at a SAR of 0.15 W/kg and a SAE of 270 J/kg. ROS levels and apoptotic follicles were assayed in parallel with a genome-wide microarrays analysis. ROS cellular contents were found to increase by 1.6-fold (x), immediately after the end of exposure, in follicles of pre-choriogenic stages (germarium - stage 10), while sporadically generated apoptotic follicles (germarium 2b and stages 7-9) presented with an averaged 2x upregulation in their sub-population mass, 4 h after fly's irradiation with mobile device. Microarray analysis revealed 168 genes being differentially expressed, 2 h post-exposure, in response to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field-radiation exposure (≥1.25x, P < 0.05) and associated with multiple and critical biological processes, such as basic metabolism and cellular subroutines related to stress response and apoptotic death. Exposure of adult flies to mobile-phone radiation for 30 min has an immediate impact on ROS production in animal's ovary, which seems to cause a global, systemic and non-targeted transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression, 2 h post-exposure, being finally followed by induction of apoptosis 4 h after the end of exposure. Conclusively, this unique type of pulsed radiation, mainly being derived from daily used mobile phones, seems capable of mobilizing critical cytopathic mechanisms, and altering fundamental genetic programs and networks in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti K Manta
- a Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Deppie Papadopoulou
- b Basic Research Center , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Alexander P Polyzos
- b Basic Research Center , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Adamantia F Fragopoulou
- a Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Aikaterini S Skouroliakou
- c Department of Energy Technology Engineering , Technological Educational Institute of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- b Basic Research Center , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- a Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Lukas H Margaritis
- a Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to 1880–1900 MHz DECT base radiation on development in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:248-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction 2016; 152:R263-R276. [PMID: 27601711 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phone usage has become an integral part of our lives. However, the effects of the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted by these devices on biological systems and specifically the reproductive systems are currently under active debate. A fundamental hindrance to the current debate is that there is no clear mechanism of how such non-ionising radiation influences biological systems. Therefore, we explored the documented impacts of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system and considered any common observations that could provide insights on a potential mechanism. Among a total of 27 studies investigating the effects of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system, negative consequences of exposure were reported in 21. Within these 21 studies, 11 of the 15 that investigated sperm motility reported significant declines, 7 of 7 that measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) documented elevated levels and 4 of 5 studies that probed for DNA damage highlighted increased damage due to RF-EMR exposure. Associated with this, RF-EMR treatment reduced the antioxidant levels in 6 of 6 studies that discussed this phenomenon, whereas consequences of RF-EMR were successfully ameliorated with the supplementation of antioxidants in all 3 studies that carried out these experiments. In light of this, we envisage a two-step mechanism whereby RF-EMR is able to induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to elevated ROS production. A continued focus on research, which aims to shed light on the biological effects of RF-EMR will allow us to test and assess this proposed mechanism in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Houston
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive ScienceSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | - B Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive ScienceSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | - B V King
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G N De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive ScienceSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | - R J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive ScienceSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Mina D, Sagonas K, Fragopoulou AF, Pafilis P, Skouroliakou A, Margaritis LH, Tsitsilonis OE, Valakos ED. Immune responses of a wall lizard to whole-body exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:162-8. [PMID: 26853383 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the last three decades, the number of devices that emit non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at the wireless communication spectrum has rapidly increased and possible effects on living organisms have become a major concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiofrequency EMR emitted by a widely used wireless communication device, namely the Digital Enhanced Communication Telephony (DECT) base, on the immune responses of the Aegean wall lizard (Podarcis erhardii). MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male lizards were exposed 24 h/day for 8 weeks to 1880-1900 MHz DECT base radiation at average electric field intensity of 3.2 V/m. Immune reactivity was assessed using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) tests. RESULTS Our results revealed a noticeable suppression (approximately 45%) of inflammatory responses in EMR-exposed lizards compared to sham-exposed animals. T cell-mediated responses were marginally affected. CONCLUSION Daily radiofrequency EMR exposure seems to affect, at least partially, the immunocompetence of the Aegean wall lizard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Mina
- a Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece ;,b Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Kostas Sagonas
- b Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Adamantia F Fragopoulou
- a Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- c Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Aikaterini Skouroliakou
- d Department of Energy Technology Engineering , Technological Educational Institute of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Lukas H Margaritis
- a Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- b Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Efstratios D Valakos
- b Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Yakymenko I, Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Henshel D, Kyrylenko O, Kyrylenko S. Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2015; 35:186-202. [PMID: 26151230 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1043557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to cover experimental data on oxidative effects of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in living cells. Analysis of the currently available peer-reviewed scientific literature reveals molecular effects induced by low-intensity RFR in living cells; this includes significant activation of key pathways generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of peroxidation, oxidative damage of DNA and changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It indicates that among 100 currently available peer-reviewed studies dealing with oxidative effects of low-intensity RFR, in general, 93 confirmed that RFR induces oxidative effects in biological systems. A wide pathogenic potential of the induced ROS and their involvement in cell signaling pathways explains a range of biological/health effects of low-intensity RFR, which include both cancer and non-cancer pathologies. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that low-intensity RFR is an expressive oxidative agent for living cells with a high pathogenic potential and that the oxidative stress induced by RFR exposure should be recognized as one of the primary mechanisms of the biological activity of this kind of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Yakymenko
- a Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Tsybulin
- b Department of Biophysics , Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University , Bila Tserkva , Ukraine
| | - Evgeniy Sidorik
- a Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Diane Henshel
- c School of Public and Environmental Affairs , Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington , IN , USA
| | - Olga Kyrylenko
- d A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- e Department of Structural and Functional Biology , University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
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Çiğ B, Nazıroğlu M. Investigation of the effects of distance from sources on apoptosis, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium accumulation via TRPV1 channels induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2756-65. [PMID: 25703814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TRPV1 is a Ca2+ permeable channel and gated by noxious heat, oxidative stress and capsaicin (CAP). Some reports have indicated that non-ionized electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-induces heat and oxidative stress effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of distance from sources on calcium signaling, cytosolic ROS production, cell viability, apoptosis, plus caspase-3 and -9 values induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines were divided into A, B, C and D groups as control, 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz groups, respectively. Cells in Group A were used as control and were kept in cell culture conditions without EMR exposure. Groups B, C and D were exposed to the EMR frequencies at different distances (0 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm) for 1h before CAP stimulation. The cytosolic ROS production, Ca2+ concentrations, apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-9 values were higher in groups B, C and D than in A group at 0 cm, 1 cm and 5 cm distances although cell viability (MTT) values were increased by the distances. There was no statistically significant difference in the values between control, 20 and 25 cm. Wi-Fi and mobile phone EMR placed within 10 cm of the cells induced excessive oxidative responses and apoptosis via TRPV1-induced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the cancer cells. Using cell phones and Wi-Fi sources which are farther away than 10 cm may provide useful protection against oxidative stress, apoptosis and overload of intracellular Ca2+. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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16
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Fasseas MK, Fragopoulou AF, Manta AK, Skouroliakou A, Vekrellis K, Margaritis LH, Syntichaki P. Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to wireless devices radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:286-93. [PMID: 25488006 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.995384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of electromagnetic radiation, produced by GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) mobile phones, Wi-Fi (Wireless-Fidelity) routers and wireless DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) phones, on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed synchronized populations, of different developmental stages, to these wireless devices at E-field levels below ICNIRP's (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines for various lengths of time. WT (wild-type) and aging- or stress-sensitive mutant worms were examined for changes in growth, fertility, lifespan, chemotaxis, short-term memory, increased ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production and apoptosis by using fluorescent marker genes or qRT-PCR (quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the exposed and the sham/control animals in any of the experiments concerning lifespan, fertility, growth, memory, ROS, apoptosis or gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The worm appears to be robust to this form of (pulsed) radiation, at least under the exposure conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Fasseas
- Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Sagioglou NE, Manta AK, Giannarakis IK, Skouroliakou AS, Margaritis LH. Apoptotic cell death duringDrosophilaoogenesis is differentially increased by electromagnetic radiation depending on modulation, intensity and duration of exposure. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:40-53. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.971959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kahya MC, Nazıroğlu M, Çiğ B. Selenium reduces mobile phone (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:285-93. [PMID: 24965080 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mobile phone-induced electromagnetic radiation (EMR) may affect biological systems by increasing free oxygen radicals, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization levels although selenium may modulate the values in cancer. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 900 MHz radiation on the antioxidant redox system, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization levels in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Cultures of the cancer cells were divided into four main groups as controls, selenium, EMR, and EMR + selenium. In EMR groups, the cells were exposed to 900 MHz EMR for 1 h (SAR value of the EMR was 0.36 ± 0.02 W/kg). In selenium groups, the cells were also incubated with sodium selenite for 1 h before EMR exposure. Then, the following values were analyzed: (a) cell viability, (b) intracellular ROS production, (c) mitochondrial membrane depolarization, (d) cell apoptosis, and (e) caspase-3 and caspase-9 values. Selenium suppressed EMR-induced oxidative cell damage and cell viability (MTT) through a reduction of oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, selenium indicated anti-apoptotic effects, as demonstrated by plate reader analyses of apoptosis levels and caspase-3 and caspase-9 values. In conclusion, 900 MHz EMR appears to induce apoptosis effects through oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization although incubation of selenium seems to counteract the effects on apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Kahya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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