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Güneş M, Aktaş K, Yalçın B, Burgazlı AY, Asilturk M, Ünşar AE, Kaya B. In vivo assessment of the toxic impact of exposure to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104412. [PMID: 38492762 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have useful properties, such as strong magnetism and compatibility with living organisms which is preferable for medical applications such as drug delivery and imaging. However, increasing use of these materials, especially in medicine, has raised concerns regarding potential risks to human health. In this study, IONPs were coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2), citric acid (CA), and polyethylenimine (PEI) to enhance their dispersion and biocompatibility. Both coated and uncoated IONPs were assessed for genotoxic effects on Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that uncoated IONPs induced genotoxic effects, including mutations and recombinations, while the coated IONPs demonstrated reduced or negligible genotoxicity. Additionally, bioinformatic analyses highlighted potential implications of induced recombination in various cancer types, underscoring the importance of understanding nanoparticle-induced genomic instability. This study highlights the importance of nanoparticle coatings in reducing potential genotoxic effects and emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive toxicity assessments in nanomaterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Güneş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Aktaş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burçin Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Meltem Asilturk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayca Erdem Ünşar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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2
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Deng W, Shang H, Tong Y, Liu X, Huang Q, He Y, Wu J, Ba X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Tang K. The application of nanoparticles-based ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy in cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:97. [PMID: 38454419 PMCID: PMC10921615 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have been applied for cancer therapy and achieved great success in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the broad application of ICBs is limited by the low response rate. To address this issue, increasing studies have found that the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells is becoming an emerging therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment, not only straightly killing tumor cells but also enhancing dying cells immunogenicity and activating antitumor immunity. ICD is a generic term representing different cell death modes containing ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents usually inhibit tumor growth based on the apoptotic ICD, but most tumor cells are resistant to the apoptosis. Thus, the induction of non-apoptotic ICD is considered to be a more efficient approach for cancer therapy. In addition, due to the ineffective localization of ICD inducers, various types of nanomaterials have been being developed to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and improved immunotherapeutic efficiency. In this review, we briefly outline molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy, as well as their reciprocal interactions with antitumor immunity, and then summarize the current progress of ICD-induced nanoparticles based on different strategies and illustrate their applications in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haojie Shang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Ba
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Landsiedel R, Honarvar N, Seiffert SB, Oesch B, Oesch F. Genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1833. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Free University of Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Naveed Honarvar
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Barbara Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
| | - Franz Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
- Institute of Toxicology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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Hazard Assessment of Benchmark Metal-Based Nanomaterials Through a Set of In Vitro Genotoxicity Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:351-375. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Pucci C, Degl'Innocenti A, Belenli Gümüş M, Ciofani G. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia: Recent advancements, molecular effects, and future directions in the omics era. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2103-2121. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted attention in the biomedical field thanks to their ability to prompt hyperthermia in response to an alternated magnetic field. Hyperthermia is well-known for inducing...
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Xiong H, Wang C, Wang Z, Lu H, Yao J. Self-assembled nano-activator constructed ferroptosis-immunotherapy through hijacking endogenous iron to intracellular positive feedback loop. J Control Release 2021; 332:539-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rubia-Rodríguez I, Santana-Otero A, Spassov S, Tombácz E, Johansson C, De La Presa P, Teran FJ, Morales MDP, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Thanh NTK, Besenhard MO, Wilhelm C, Gazeau F, Harmer Q, Mayes E, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Gu Y, Millán Á, Efthimiadou EK, Gaudet J, Goodwill P, Mansfield J, Steinhoff U, Wells J, Wiekhorst F, Ortega D. Whither Magnetic Hyperthermia? A Tentative Roadmap. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:706. [PMID: 33546176 PMCID: PMC7913249 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has made great efforts in advancing magnetic hyperthermia for the last two decades after going through a sizeable research lapse from its establishment. All the progress made in various topics ranging from nanoparticle synthesis to biocompatibilization and in vivo testing have been seeking to push the forefront towards some new clinical trials. As many, they did not go at the expected pace. Today, fruitful international cooperation and the wisdom gain after a careful analysis of the lessons learned from seminal clinical trials allow us to have a future with better guarantees for a more definitive takeoff of this genuine nanotherapy against cancer. Deliberately giving prominence to a number of critical aspects, this opinion review offers a blend of state-of-the-art hints and glimpses into the future of the therapy, considering the expected evolution of science and technology behind magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simo Spassov
- Geophysical Centre of the Royal Meteorological Institute, 1 rue du Centre Physique, 5670 Dourbes, Belgium;
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, 8200 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Christer Johansson
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sensors and Materials, Arvid Hedvalls Backe 4, 411 33 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Patricia De La Presa
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado UCM-ADIF-CSIC, A6 22,500 km, 29260 Las Rozas, Spain;
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28048 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Teran
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (A.S.-O.); (F.J.T.)
- Nanotech Solutions, Ctra Madrid, 23, 40150 Villacastín, Spain
| | - María del Puerto Morales
- Department of Energy, Environment and Health, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM/CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.M.); (S.V.-V.)
| | - Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer
- Department of Energy, Environment and Health, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM/CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.M.); (S.V.-V.)
| | - Nguyen T. K. Thanh
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK;
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maximilian O. Besenhard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, Université de Paris/CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (C.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, Université de Paris/CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (C.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Quentin Harmer
- Endomag, The Jeffreys Building, St John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; (Q.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Eric Mayes
- Endomag, The Jeffreys Building, St John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; (Q.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Bella B. Manshian
- Biomedical Sciences Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.B.M.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Stefaan J. Soenen
- Biomedical Sciences Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.B.M.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Yuanyu Gu
- INMA Instituto de Nanociencia de Materiales de Aragón, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.); (Á.M.)
| | - Ángel Millán
- INMA Instituto de Nanociencia de Materiales de Aragón, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.); (Á.M.)
| | - Eleni K. Efthimiadou
- Chemistry Department, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Jeff Gaudet
- Magnetic Insight, Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.G.); (P.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Patrick Goodwill
- Magnetic Insight, Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.G.); (P.G.); (J.M.)
| | - James Mansfield
- Magnetic Insight, Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.G.); (P.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Uwe Steinhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (U.S.); (J.W.); (F.W.)
| | - James Wells
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (U.S.); (J.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (U.S.); (J.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Daniel Ortega
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (A.S.-O.); (F.J.T.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of the Province of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Ahmad A, Ansari MM, Kumar A, Vyawahare A, Mishra RK, Jayamurugan G, Raza SS, Khan R. Comparative acute intravenous toxicity study of triple polymer-layered magnetic nanoparticles with bare magnetic nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1362-1380. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1829144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, India
| | - Md. Meraj Ansari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, India
| | | | | | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Lucknow, India
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, India
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Kohl Y, Rundén-Pran E, Mariussen E, Hesler M, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Dusinska M. Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment-A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101911. [PMID: 32992722 PMCID: PMC7601632 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic events can appear at both the DNA, chromosomal or (during mitosis) whole genome level. The study of mechanisms leading to genotoxicity is crucially important, as well as the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds. We consider the current state of the art and describe here the main endpoints applied in standard human in vitro models as well as new advanced 3D models that are closer to the in vivo situation. We performed a literature review of in vitro studies published from 2000–2020 (August) dedicated to the genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in new models. Methods suitable for detection of genotoxicity of NMs will be presented with a focus on advances in miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip and high throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6897-9071-256
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
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Khoury L, Zalko D, Audebert M. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of apoptosis inducers with the γH2AX assay in human cells. Mutat Res 2020; 852:503165. [PMID: 32265046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human risk assessment of genotoxic chemicals is an important area of research. However, the specificity of in vitro mammalian genotoxicity assays is sometime low, as they yield to misleading positive results that are not observe in in vivo studies. Apoptosis can be a confounding factor in the interpretation of the results. Recently, a new strategy for genotoxicity screening, based on the combined analysis of phosphorylated histones H2AX (γH2AX) and H3 (pH3), was proposed to discriminate efficiently aneugenic from clastogenic compounds. However, γH2AX biomarker could also be induce by apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specificity of this genotoxic biomarker. For this purpose, we analyzed 26 compounds inducing apoptosis by different mechanism of action, with the γH2AX assay in three human cell lines after 24 h treatment. Most of the tested chemicals were negative in the assay, whatever the cell line tested. The few compounds that generated positive data have also been report positive in other genotoxicity assays. The data presented here demonstrate that the γH2AX assay is not vulnerable to the generation of misleading positive results by apoptosis inducers. Currently, no formal guidelines have been approve for the γH2AX assay for regular genotoxicity studies, but we suggest that this biomarker could be used as a new standard genotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Khoury
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Brandão F, Duarte JA, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in human astrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:816-829. [PMID: 31415110 DOI: 10.1002/em.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) are gaining importance as diagnostic and therapeutic tool of central nervous system diseases. Although oleic acid-coated ION (O-ION) have been described as stable and biocompatible, their potential neurotoxicity was scarcely evaluated in human nervous cells so far. The primary aim of this work was to assess the molecular and cellular effects of O-ION on human astrocytes (A172 cells) under different experimental conditions. An extensive set of cyto- and genotoxicity tests was carried out, including lactate dehydrogenase release assay, cell cycle alterations, and cell death production, as well as comet assay, γH2AX assay, and micronucleus (MN) test, considering also iron ion release capacity and alterations in DNA repair ability. Results showed a moderate cytotoxicity related to cell cycle arrest and cell death promotion, regardless of serum presence. O-ION induced genotoxic effects, namely primary DNA damage, as detected by the comet assay and H2AX phosphorylation, but A172 cells were able to repair this particular damage because no chromosome alterations were found (confirmed by MN test results). Accordingly, no effects on the DNA repair ability were observed. The presence of serum proteins did not influence O-ION toxicity. Iron ions released from the O-ION surface seemed not to be responsible for the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects observed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joao Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
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Petersen EJ, Hirsch C, Elliott JT, Krug HF, Aengenheister L, Arif AT, Bogni A, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, May S, Walser T, Wick P, Roesslein M. Cause-and-Effect Analysis as a Tool To Improve the Reproducibility of Nanobioassays: Four Case Studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:1039-1054. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - John T. Elliott
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, St. Gallerstr. 58, 9032 Engelburg, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ali Talib Arif
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Qirga, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Sarah May
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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13
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Geißler D, Wegmann M, Jochum T, Somma V, Sowa M, Scholz J, Fröhlich E, Hoffmann K, Niehaus J, Roggenbuck D, Resch-Genger U. An automatable platform for genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials based on the fluorometric γ-H2AX assay reveals no genotoxicity of properly surface-shielded cadmium-based quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13458-13468. [PMID: 31287475 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The large number of nanomaterial-based applications emerging in the materials and life sciences and the foreseeable increasing use of these materials require methods that evaluate and characterize the toxic potential of these nanomaterials to keep safety risks to people and environment as low as possible. As nanomaterial toxicity is influenced by a variety of parameters like size, shape, chemical composition, and surface chemistry, high throughput screening (HTS) platforms are recommended for assessing cytotoxicity. Such platforms are not yet available for genotoxicity testing. Here, we present first results obtained for application-relevant nanomaterials using an automatable genotoxicity platform that relies on the quantification of the phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) for detecting DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and the automated microscope system AKLIDES® for measuring integral fluorescence intensities at different excitation wavelengths. This platform is used to test the genotoxic potential of 30 nm-sized citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as well as micellar encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (FeOx-NPs) and different cadmium (Cd)-based semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), thereby also searching for positive and negative controls as reference materials. In addition, the influence of the QD shell composition on the genotoxic potential of these Cd-based QDs was studied, using CdSe cores as well as CdSe/CdS core/shell and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs. Our results clearly revealed the genotoxicity of the Au-NPs and its absence in the FeOx-NPs. The genotoxicity of the Cd-QDs correlates with the shielding of their Cd-containing core, with the core/shell/shell architecture preventing genotoxicity risks. The fact that none of these nanomaterials showed cytotoxicity at the chosen particle concentrations in a conventional cell viability assay underlines the importance of genotoxicity studies to assess the hazardous potential of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Geißler
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Wegmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and MEDIPAN GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827 Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - T Jochum
- Fraunhofer-Zentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Somma
- MEDIPAN GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827 Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - M Sowa
- MEDIPAN GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827 Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - J Scholz
- MEDIPAN GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827 Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - E Fröhlich
- Medizinische Universität Graz, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung (ZMF), Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - K Hoffmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Niehaus
- Medizinische Universität Graz, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung (ZMF), Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D Roggenbuck
- MEDIPAN GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827 Dahlewitz, Germany and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany
| | - U Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Huang Z, Xu B, Huang X, Zhang Y, Yu M, Han X, Song L, Xia Y, Zhou Z, Wang X, Chen M, Lu C. Metabolomics reveals the role of acetyl-l-carnitine metabolism in γ-Fe 2O 3 NP-induced embryonic development toxicity via mitochondria damage. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:204-220. [PMID: 30663479 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1537411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxides nanoparticles (FeOX NPs), including α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, are employed in many technological applications. However, very few studies have investigated the embryonic developmental toxicity of FeOX NPs. In this study, metabolomics analysis were used to uncover the potential mechanisms of FeOX NPs developmental toxicity on embryo-larval zebrafish and mice. Our results indicated that γ-Fe2O3 NP treatment could cause increased mortality, dropped hatching rate, etc., while α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs showed no obvious effect. Through metabolomics analysis, a total of 42 metabolites were found to be significantly changed between the γ-Fe2O3 NP-treated group and the control group (p < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated the impairment of mitochondria function. γ-Fe2O3 NP treatment caused abnormal mitochondrion structure and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in zebrafish embryos. Meanwhile, ATP synthesis was decreased while oxidative stress levels were affected. It is noteworthy that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) (p = 6.79E - 04) and l-carnitine (p = 1.43E - 03) were identified with minimal p values, the relationship between the two counter-balance was regulated by acetyltransferase (crata). Subsequently, we performed rescue experiments with ALCAR on zebrafish embryos, and found that the mortality rates reduced and hatching rates raised significantly in the γ-Fe2O3 NP-treated group. Additionally, γ-Fe2O3 exposure could lead to increased absorbed fetus rate, decreased placental weight, lower expression of acetyltransferase (Crat), reduced ATP synthesis as well as increased oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that γ-Fe2O3 NP might affect the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis by affecting the metabolism of ALCAR, thereby stimulating oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and causing embryonic development toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Bo Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mingming Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiumei Han
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ling Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yankai Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- c Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , University of the Pacific , Stockton , CA , USA
| | - Xinru Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Minjian Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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15
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Brandão F, Kiliç G, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V. Neurotoxicity assessment of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicology 2018; 406-407:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Fadeel B, Farcal L, Hardy B, Vázquez-Campos S, Hristozov D, Marcomini A, Lynch I, Valsami-Jones E, Alenius H, Savolainen K. Advanced tools for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:537-543. [PMID: 29980781 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have tremendous potential to produce beneficial technological impact in numerous sectors in society. Safety assessment is, of course, of paramount importance. However, the myriad variations of ENM properties makes the identification of specific features driving toxicity challenging. At the same time, reducing animal tests by introducing alternative and/or predictive in vitro and in silico methods has become a priority. It is important to embrace these new advances in the safety assessment of ENMs. Indeed, remarkable progress has been made in recent years with respect to mechanism-based hazard assessment of ENMs, including systems biology approaches as well as high-throughput screening platforms, and new tools are also emerging in risk assessment and risk management for humans and the environment across the whole life-cycle of nano-enabled products. Here, we highlight some of the key advances in the hazard and risk assessment of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Biology, University of Venice Ca Foscari, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Biology, University of Venice Ca Foscari, Venice, Italy
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Qiu TA, Clement PL, Haynes CL. Linking nanomaterial properties to biological outcomes: analytical chemistry challenges in nanotoxicology for the next decade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12787-12803. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article provides our perspective on the analytical challenges in nanotoxicology as the field is entering its third decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian A. Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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18
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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19
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhao F, Bai B, Nie G, Nel AE, Zhao Y. Nanomaterial libraries and model organisms for rapid high-content analysis of nanosafety. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Safety analysis of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) presents a formidable challenge regarding environmental health and safety, due to their complicated and diverse physicochemical properties. Although large amounts of data have been published regarding the potential hazards of these materials, we still lack a comprehensive strategy for their safety assessment, which generates a huge workload in decision-making. Thus, an integrated approach is urgently required by government, industry, academia and all others who deal with the safe implementation of nanomaterials on their way to the marketplace. The rapid emergence and sheer number of new nanomaterials with novel properties demands rapid and high-content screening (HCS), which could be performed on multiple materials to assess their safety and generate large data sets for integrated decision-making. With this approach, we have to consider reducing and replacing the commonly used rodent models, which are expensive, time-consuming, and not amenable to high-throughput screening and analysis. In this review, we present a ‘Library Integration Approach’ for high-content safety analysis relevant to the ENMs. We propose the integration of compositional and property-based ENM libraries for HCS of cells and biologically relevant organisms to be screened for mechanistic biomarkers that can be used to generate data for HCS and decision analysis. This systematic approach integrates the use of material and biological libraries, automated HCS and high-content data analysis to provide predictions about the environmental impact of large numbers of ENMs in various categories. This integrated approach also allows the safer design of ENMs, which is relevant to the implementation of nanotechnology solutions in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiye Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - André E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Tang J, Zhu N, Zhu Y, Liu J, Wu C, Kerr P, Wu Y, Lam PKS. Responses of Periphyton to Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles: A Physiological and Ecological Basis for Defending Nanotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10797-10805. [PMID: 28817263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of nanoparticles on individual organisms have been widely investigated, while few studies have investigated the effects of nanoparticles on ubiquitous multicommunity microbial aggregates. Here, periphyton as a model of microbial aggregates, was employed to investigate the responses of microbial aggregates exposed continuously to Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5.0 mg L-1) for 30 days. The exposure to Fe2O3 nanoparticles results in the chlorophyll (a, b, and c) contents of periphyton increasing and the total antioxidant capacity decreasing. The composition of the periphyton markedly changes in the presence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the species diversity significantly increases. The changes in the periphyton composition and diversity were due to allelochemicals, such as 3-methylpentane, released by members of the periphyton which inhibit their competitors. The functions of the periphyton represented by metabolic capability and contaminant (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and copper) removal were able to acclimate to the Fe2O3 nanoparticles exposure via self-regulation of morphology, species composition and diversity. These findings highlight the importance of both physiological and ecological factors in evaluating the long-term responses of microbial aggregates exposed to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of sciences , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Philip Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Dusinska M, Tulinska J, El Yamani N, Kuricova M, Liskova A, Rollerova E, Rundén-Pran E, Smolkova B. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: New strategies for toxicity testing? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:797-811. [PMID: 28847762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs) are beneficial in numerous industrial and medical applications. However, they could also induce unintended effects. Thus, a proper strategy for toxicity testing is essential in human hazard and risk assessment. Toxicity can be tested in vivo and in vitro; in compliance with the 3Rs, alternative strategies for in vitro testing should be further developed for NMs. Robust, standardized methods are of great importance in nanotoxicology, with comprehensive material characterization and uptake as an integral part of the testing strategy. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an underlying mechanism of possible toxicity of NMs, causing both immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. For testing NMs in vitro, a battery of tests should be performed on cells of human origin, either cell lines or primary cells, in conditions as close as possible to an in vivo situation. Novel toxicity pathways, particularly epigenetic modification, should be assessed along with conventional toxicity testing methods. However, to initiate epigenetic toxicity screens for NM exposure, there is a need to better understand their adverse effects on the epigenome, to identify robust and reproducible causal links between exposure, epigenetic changes and adverse phenotypic endpoints, and to develop improved assays to monitor epigenetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Jana Tulinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Miroslava Kuricova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurelia Liskova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rollerova
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Toxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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22
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Hachani R, Birchall MA, Lowdell MW, Kasparis G, Tung LD, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Gharagouzloo CA, Sridhar S, Thanh NTK. Assessing cell-nanoparticle interactions by high content imaging of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7850. [PMID: 28798327 PMCID: PMC5552868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell tracking in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine is an urgent need, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) could be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows visualization of the implanted cells ensuring they reach the desired sites in vivo. Herein, we report the study of the interaction of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) functionalized IONPs that have desirable properties for T2 - weighted MRI, with bone marrow-derived primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using the multiparametric high-content imaging method, we evaluate cell viability, formation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, as well as cell morphology and determine that the hMSCs are minimally affected after labelling with IONPs. Their cellular uptake is visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Prussian Blue staining, and quantified using an iron specific colourimetric method. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that these IONPs are biocompatible and can produce significant contrast enhancement in T2-weighted MRI. Iron oxide nanoparticles are detected in vivo as hypointense regions in the liver up to two weeks post injection using 9.4 T MRI. These DHCA functionalized IONPs are promising contrast agents for stem cell tracking by T2-weighted MRI as they are biocompatible and show no evidence of cytotoxic effects on hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hachani
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Georgios Kasparis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le D Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Bella B Manshian
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Codi A Gharagouzloo
- Gordon Centre for Medical Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nguyen T K Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK.
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23
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Joris F, Valdepérez D, Pelaz B, Wang T, Doak SH, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Parak WJ, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Choose your cell model wisely: The in vitro nanoneurotoxicity of differentially coated iron oxide nanoparticles for neural cell labeling. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:204-213. [PMID: 28373085 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a large interest in the labeling of neural stem cells (NSCs) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to allow MRI-guided detection after transplantation in regenerative medicine. For such biomedical applications, excluding nanotoxicity is key. Nanosafety is primarily evaluated in vitro where an immortalized or cancer cell line of murine origin is often applied, which is not necessarily an ideal cell model. Previous work revealed clear neurotoxic effects of PMA-coated IONPs in distinct cell types that could potentially be applied for nanosafety studies regarding neural cell labeling. Here, we aimed to assess if DMSA-coated IONPs could be regarded as a safer alternative for this purpose and how the cell model impacted our nanosafety optimization study. Hereto, we evaluated cytotoxicity, ROS production, calcium levels, mitochondrial homeostasis and cell morphology in six related neural cell types, namely neural stem cells, an immortalized cell line and a cancer cell line from human and murine origin. The cell lines mostly showed similar responses to both IONPs, which were frequently more pronounced for the PMA-IONPs. Of note, ROS and calcium levels showed opposite trends in the human and murine NSCs, indicating the importance of the species. Indeed, the human cell models were overall more sensitive than their murine counterpart. Despite the clear cell type-specific nanotoxicity profiles, our multiparametric approach revealed that the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in terms of biocompatibility in each cell type. However, major cell type-dependent variations in the observed effects additionally warrant the use of relevant human cell models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Inorganic nanoparticle (NP) optimization is chiefly performed in vitro. For the optimization of iron oxide (IO)NPs for neural stem cell labeling in the context of regenerative medicine human or rodent neural stem cells, immortalized or cancer cell lines are applied. However, the use of certain cell models can be questioned as they phenotypically differ from the target cell. The impact of the neural cell model on nanosafety remains relatively unexplored. Here we evaluated cell homeostasis upon exposure to PMA- and DMSA-coated IONPs. Of note, the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in each cell type. However, distinct cell type-specific effects were witnessed, indicating that nanosafety should be evaluated in a human cell model that represents the target cell as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Joris
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Valdepérez
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tianqiang Wang
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Medicine, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Medicine, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Collins A, El Yamani N, Dusinska M. Sensitive detection of DNA oxidation damage induced by nanomaterials. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:69-76. [PMID: 28161308 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From a toxicological point of view, nanomaterials are of interest; because - on account of their great surface area relative to mass - they tend to be more reactive than the bulk chemicals from which they are derived. They might in some cases have the potential to damage DNA directly, or could act via the induction of oxidative stress. The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) is widely used to measure DNA strand breaks and also oxidised bases, by including in the procedure digestion with lesion-specific enzymes such as formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (which converts oxidised purines to breaks) or endonuclease III (recognising oxidised pyrimidines). We summarise reports in which these enzymes have been used to study a variety of nanomaterials in diverse cell types. We also stress that it is important to carry out tests of cell viability alongside the genotoxicity assay, since cytotoxicity can lead to adventitious DNA damage. Different concentrations of nanomaterials should be investigated, concentrating on a non-cytotoxic range; and incubating for short and longer periods can give valuable information about the mode of damage induction. The use of lesion-specific enzymes can substantially enhance the sensitivity of the comet assay in detecting genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Collins
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway; NorGenotech AS, Skreia, Norway.
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- NorGenotech AS, Skreia, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kjeller, Norway
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25
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Elnegaard MP, List M, Christiansen H, Schmidt S, Mollenhauer J, Block I. Protein-based nanotoxicology assessment strategy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1229-1233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Peynshaert K, Soenen SJ, Manshian BB, Doak SH, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Coating of Quantum Dots strongly defines their effect on lysosomal health and autophagy. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:195-205. [PMID: 27765679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade the interest in autophagy got an incredible boost and the phenomenon quickly turned into an extensive research field. Interestingly, dysfunction of this cytoplasmic clearance system has been proposed to lie at the root of multiple diseases including cancer. We therefore consider it crucial from a toxicological point of view to investigate if nanomaterials that are developed for biomedical applications interfere with this cellular process. Here, we study the highly promising 'gradient alloyed' Quantum Dots (QDs) that differ from conventional ones by their gradient core composition which allows for better fluorescent properties. We carefully examined the toxicity of two identical gradient alloyed QDs, differing only in their surface coatings, namely 3-mercaptopropionic (MPA) acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Next to more conventional toxicological endpoints like cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, we examined the influence of these QDs on the autophagy pathway. Our study shows that the cellular effects induced by QDs on HeLa cells were strongly dictated by the surface coat of the otherwise identical particles. MPA-coated QDs proved to be highly biocompatible as a result of lysosomal activation and ROS reduction, two cellular responses that help the cell to cope with nanomaterial-induced stress. In contrast, PEGylated QDs were significantly more toxic due to increased ROS production and lysosomal impairment. This impairment next results in autophagy dysfunction which likely adds to their toxic effects. Taken together, our study shows that coating QDs with MPA is a better strategy than PEGylation for long term cell tracking with minimal cytotoxicity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Gradient alloyed Quantum Dots (GA-QDs) are highly promising nanomaterials for biomedical imaging seeing they exhibit supremely fluorescent properties over conventional QDs. The translation of these novel QDs to the clinic requires a detailed toxicological examination, though the data on this is very limited. We therefore applied a systematic approach to examine the toxicity of GA-QDs coated with two commonly applied surface ligands, this while focusing on the autophagy pathway. The impact of QDs on this pathway is of importance since it has been connected with various diseases, including cancer. Our data accentuates that the coating defines the impact on autophagy and therefore the toxicity induced by QDs on cells: while MPA coated QDs were highly biocompatible, PEGylated QDs were toxic.
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27
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El Yamani N, Collins AR, Rundén-Pran E, Fjellsbø LM, Shaposhnikov S, Zienolddiny S, Dusinska M. In vitro genotoxicity testing of four reference metal nanomaterials, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and silver: towards reliable hazard assessment. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:117-126. [PMID: 27838631 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is serious concern about the potential harmful effects of certain nanomaterials (NMs), on account of their ability to penetrate cell membranes and the increased reactivity that results from their increased surface area compared with bulk chemicals. To assess the safety of NMs, reliable tests are needed. We have investigated the possible genotoxicity of four representative NMs, derived from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and silver, in two human cell lines, A549 alveolar epithelial cells and lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. A high-throughput version of the comet assay was used to measure DNA strand beaks (SBs) as well as oxidised purines (converted to breaks with the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase). In parallel, cytotoxicity was measured with the alamarBlue® assay, and the ability of NM-treated cells to survive was assessed by their colony-forming efficiency. TiO2 and CeO2 NMs were only slightly cytotoxic by the alamarBlue® test, and had no long-term effect on colony-forming efficiency. However, both induced DNA damage at non-cytotoxic concentrations; the damage decreased from 3 to 24-h exposure, except in the case of CeO2-treated A549 cells. ZnO and Ag NMs affected cell survival, and induced high levels of DNA damage at cytotoxic concentrations. At lower concentrations, there was significant damage, which tended to persist over 24 h. The implication is that all four reference metal NMs tested-whether cytotoxic or not-are genotoxic. A full assessment of NM toxicity should include tests on different cell types, different times of incubation and a wide range of (especially non-cytotoxic) concentrations; a test for cell viability should be performed in parallel. Inclusion of Fpg in the comet assay allows detection of indirect genotoxic effects via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway.,Comet Biotech AS, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Comet Biotech AS, Oslo 0372, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway and
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Lise Marie Fjellsbø
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | | | | | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway,
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28
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Nelson BC, Wright CW, Ibuki Y, Moreno-Villanueva M, Karlsson HL, Hendriks G, Sims CM, Singh N, Doak SH. Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:215-232. [PMID: 27565834 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the engineered nanomaterial (ENM) manufacturing industry has accelerated the incorporation of ENMs into a wide variety of consumer products across the globe. Unintentionally or not, some of these ENMs may be introduced into the environment or come into contact with humans or other organisms resulting in unexpected biological effects. It is thus prudent to have rapid and robust analytical metrology in place that can be used to critically assess and/or predict the cytotoxicity, as well as the potential genotoxicity of these ENMs. Many of the traditional genotoxicity test methods [e.g. unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, etc.,] for determining the DNA damaging potential of chemical and biological compounds are not suitable for the evaluation of ENMs, due to a variety of methodological issues ranging from potential assay interferences to problems centered on low sample throughput. Recently, a number of sensitive, high-throughput genotoxicity assays/platforms (CometChip assay, flow cytometry/micronucleus assay, flow cytometry/γ-H2AX assay, automated 'Fluorimetric Detection of Alkaline DNA Unwinding' (FADU) assay, ToxTracker reporter assay) have been developed, based on substantial modifications and enhancements of traditional genotoxicity assays. These new assays have been used for the rapid measurement of DNA damage (strand breaks), chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and for detecting upregulated DNA damage signalling pathways resulting from ENM exposures. In this critical review, we describe and discuss the fundamental measurement principles and measurement endpoints of these new assays, as well as the modes of operation, analytical metrics and potential interferences, as applicable to ENM exposures. An unbiased discussion of the major technical advantages and limitations of each assay for evaluating and predicting the genotoxic potential of ENMs is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,
| | - Christa W Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue Building 1/Room 1309, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys, Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher M Sims
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Neenu Singh
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK and
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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29
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Di Bucchianico S, Cappellini F, Le Bihanic F, Zhang Y, Dreij K, Karlsson HL. Genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:127-137. [PMID: 27382040 PMCID: PMC5180169 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread production and use of nanoparticles calls for faster and more reliable methods to assess their safety. The main aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of three reference TiO2 nanomaterials (NM) within the frame of the FP7-NANoREG project, with a particular focus on testing the applicability of mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus (MN) scoring by flow cytometry. BEAS-2B cells cultured under serum-free conditions were exposed to NM100 (anatase, 50–150nm), NM101 (anatase, 5–8nm) and NM103 (rutile, 20–28nm) for 3, 24 or 48h mainly at concentrations 1–30 μg/ml. In the mini-gel comet assay (eight gels per slide), we included analysis of (i) DNA strand breaks, (ii) oxidised bases (Fpg-sensitive sites) and (iii) light-induced DNA damage due to photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, MN assays were used and we compared the results of more high-throughput MN scoring with flow cytometry to that of cytokinesis-block MN cytome assay scored manually using a microscope. Various methods were used to assess cytotoxic effects and the results showed in general no or low effects at the doses tested. A weak genotoxic effect of the tested TiO2 materials was observed with an induction of oxidised bases for all three materials of which NM100 was the most potent. When the comet slides were briefly exposed to lab light, a clear induction of DNA strand breaks was observed for the anatase materials, but not for the rutile. This highlights the risk of false positives when testing photocatalytically active materials if light is not properly avoided. A slight increase in MN formation for NM103 was observed in the different MN assays at the lower doses tested (1 and 5 μg/ml). We conclude that mini-gel comet assay and MN scoring using flow cytometry successfully can be used to efficiently study cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Francesca Cappellini
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and.,Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Teknikringen 42, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
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30
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Collins AR, Annangi B, Rubio L, Marcos R, Dorn M, Merker C, Estrela-Lopis I, Cimpan MR, Ibrahim M, Cimpan E, Ostermann M, Sauter A, Yamani NE, Shaposhnikov S, Chevillard S, Paget V, Grall R, Delic J, de-Cerio FG, Suarez-Merino B, Fessard V, Hogeveen KN, Fjellsbø LM, Pran ER, Brzicova T, Topinka J, Silva MJ, Leite PE, Ribeiro AR, Granjeiro JM, Grafström R, Prina-Mello A, Dusinska M. High throughput toxicity screening and intracellular detection of nanomaterials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27273980 PMCID: PMC5215403 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the growing numbers of nanomaterials (NMs), there is a great demand for rapid and reliable ways of testing NM safety—preferably using in vitro approaches, to avoid the ethical dilemmas associated with animal research. Data are needed for developing intelligent testing strategies for risk assessment of NMs, based on grouping and read‐across approaches. The adoption of high throughput screening (HTS) and high content analysis (HCA) for NM toxicity testing allows the testing of numerous materials at different concentrations and on different types of cells, reduces the effect of inter‐experimental variation, and makes substantial savings in time and cost. HTS/HCA approaches facilitate the classification of key biological indicators of NM‐cell interactions. Validation of in vitroHTS tests is required, taking account of relevance to in vivo results. HTS/HCA approaches are needed to assess dose‐ and time‐dependent toxicity, allowing prediction of in vivo adverse effects. Several HTS/HCA methods are being validated and applied for NM testing in the FP7 project NANoREG, including Label‐free cellular screening of NM uptake, HCA, High throughput flow cytometry, Impedance‐based monitoring, Multiplex analysis of secreted products, and genotoxicity methods—namely High throughput comet assay, High throughput in vitro micronucleus assay, and γH2AX assay. There are several technical challenges with HTS/HCA for NM testing, as toxicity screening needs to be coupled with characterization of NMs in exposure medium prior to the test; possible interference of NMs with HTS/HCA techniques is another concern. Advantages and challenges of HTS/HCA approaches in NM safety are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1413. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1413 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Collins
- Comet Biotech AS, and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Laura Rubio
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Marco Dorn
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Merker
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Emil Cimpan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Norway
| | - Melanie Ostermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Comet Biotech AS, and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway.,Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Romain Grall
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Jozo Delic
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES Fougères Laboratory, Contaminant Toxicology Unit, France
| | | | - Lise Maria Fjellsbø
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Elise Runden Pran
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Tana Brzicova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria João Silva
- Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NMS/FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P E Leite
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine Group, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
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31
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Pongrac IM, Pavičić I, Milić M, Brkić Ahmed L, Babič M, Horák D, Vinković Vrček I, Gajović S. Oxidative stress response in neural stem cells exposed to different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1701-15. [PMID: 27217748 PMCID: PMC4853020 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatibility, safety, and risk assessments of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are of the highest priority in researching their application in biomedicine. One improvement in the biological properties of SPIONs may be achieved by different functionalization and surface modifications. This study aims to investigate how a different surface functionalization of SPIONs – uncoated, coated with d-mannose, or coated with poly-l-lysine – affects biocompatibility. We sought to investigate murine neural stem cells (NSCs) as important model system for regenerative medicine. To reveal the possible mechanism of toxicity of SPIONs on NSCs, levels of reactive oxygen species, intracellular glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell-membrane potential, DNA damage, and activities of SOD and GPx were examined. Even in cases where reactive oxygen species levels were significantly lowered in NSCs exposed to SPIONs, we found depleted intracellular glutathione levels, altered activities of SOD and GPx, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, dissipated cell-membrane potential, and increased DNA damage, irrespective of the surface coating applied for SPION stabilization. Although surface coating should prevent the toxic effects of SPIONs, our results showed that all of the tested SPION types affected the NSCs similarly, indicating that mitochondrial homeostasis is their major cellular target. Despite the claimed biomedical benefits of SPIONs, the refined determination of their effects on various cellular functions presented in this work highlights the need for further safety evaluations. This investigation helps to fill the knowledge gaps on the criteria that should be considered in evaluating the biocompatibility and safety of novel nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Pongrac
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Brkić Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Srećko Gajović
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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Manshian BB, Pfeiffer C, Pelaz B, Heimerl T, Gallego M, Möller M, del Pino P, Himmelreich U, Parak WJ, Soenen SJ. High-Content Imaging and Gene Expression Approaches To Unravel the Effect of Surface Functionality on Cellular Interactions of Silver Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10431-44. [PMID: 26327399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) remain an issue of debate, where the respective contribution of the NPs themselves and of free Ag(+) ions present in the NP stock suspensions and after intracellular NP corrosion are not fully understood. Here, we employ a recently set up methodology based on high-content (HC) imaging combined with high-content gene expression studies to examine the interaction of three types of Ag NPs with identical core sizes, but coated with either mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), dodecylamine-modified poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMA), or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated PMA with two types of cultured cells (primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine C17.2 neural progenitor cells). As a control, cells were also exposed to free Ag(+) ions at the same concentration as present in the respective Ag NP stock suspensions. The data reveal clear effects of the NP surface properties on cellular interactions. PEGylation of the NPs significantly reduces their cellular uptake efficiency, whereas MUA-NPs are more prone to agglomeration in complex tissue culture media. PEG-NPs display the lowest levels of toxicity, which is in line with their reduced cell uptake. MUA-NPs display the highest levels of toxicity, caused by autophagy, cell membrane damage, mitochondrial damage, and cytoskeletal deformations. At similar intracellular NP levels, PEG-NPs induce the highest levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but do not affect the cell cytoskeleton, in contrast to MUA- and PMA-NPs. Gene expression studies support the findings above, defining autophagy and cell membrane damage-related necrosis as main toxicity pathways. Additionally, immunotoxicity, DNA damage responses, and hypoxia-like toxicity were observed for PMA- and especially MUA-NPs. Together, these data reveal that Ag(+) ions do contribute to Ag NP-associated toxicity, particularly upon intracellular degradation. The different surface properties of the NPs however result in distinct toxicity profiles for the three NPs, indicating clear NP-associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella B Manshian
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Pfeiffer
- Physics and Biology Department, Philipps University of Marburg , Renthof 7, D35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Physics and Biology Department, Philipps University of Marburg , Renthof 7, D35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Physics and Biology Department, Philipps University of Marburg , Renthof 7, D35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Himmelreich
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Physics and Biology Department, Philipps University of Marburg , Renthof 7, D35032 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE , San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Biophotonics Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Bhattacharjee S, Brayden DJ. Development of nanotoxicology: implications for drug delivery and medical devices. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2289-305. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current nanotoxicology research suffers from suboptimal in vitro models, lack of in vitro–in vivo correlations, variability within in vitro protocols, deficits in both material purity and physicochemical characterization. Reliable nanomaterial toxicity and mechanistic insights are required for health and toxicity risk assessments. Much in vitro toxicological data is inconclusive in designating whether nanomaterials for drug delivery and medical device implants are truly safe. A critique is presented to analyze the interface between toxicology and nanopharmaceuticals. Deficiencies of existing practices in toxicology are reviewed and useful emerging techniques (e.g., lab-on-a-chip, tissue engineering, atomic force microscopy, high-content analysis) are highlighted. Cross-fertilization between disciplines will aid development of biocompatible delivery and implant platforms while improvements are being suggested for better translation of nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Brayden
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Karlsson HL, Di Bucchianico S, Collins AR, Dusinska M. Can the comet assay be used reliably to detect nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:82-96. [PMID: 25488706 DOI: 10.1002/em.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive method to detect DNA strand breaks as well as oxidatively damaged DNA at the level of single cells. Today the assay is commonly used in nano-genotoxicology. In this review we critically discuss possible interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and the comet assay. Concerns for such interactions have arisen from the occasional observation of NPs in the "comet head", which implies that NPs may be present while the assay is being performed. This could give rise to false positive or false negative results, depending on the type of comet assay endpoint and NP. For most NPs, an interaction that substantially impacts the comet assay results is unlikely. For photocatalytically active NPs such as TiO2 , on the other hand, exposure to light containing UV can lead to increased DNA damage. Samples should therefore not be exposed to such light. By comparing studies in which both the comet assay and the micronucleus assay have been used, a good consistency between the assays was found in general (69%); consistency was even higher when excluding studies on TiO2 NPs (81%). The strong consistency between the comet and micronucleus assays for a range of different NPs-even though the two tests measure different endpoints-implies that both can be trusted in assessing the genotoxicity of NPs, and that both could be useful in a standard battery of test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Karlsson
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chiarelli PA, Kievit FM, Zhang M, Ellenbogen RG. Bionanotechnology and the future of glioma. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S45-58. [PMID: 25722933 PMCID: PMC4338483 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Designer nanoscaled materials have the potential to revolutionize diagnosis and treatment for glioma. This review summarizes current progress in nanoparticle-based therapies for glioma treatment including targeting, drug delivery, gene delivery, and direct tumor ablation. Preclinical and current human clinical trials are discussed. Although progress in the field has been significant over the past decade, many successful strategies demonstrated in the laboratory have yet to be implemented in human clinical trials. Looking forward, we provide examples of combined treatment strategies, which harness the potential for nanoparticles to interact with their biochemical environment, and simultaneously with externally applied photons or magnetic fields. We present our notion of the "ideal" nanoparticle for glioma, a concept that may soon be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Chiarelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Huk A, Izak-Nau E, Reidy B, Boyles M, Duschl A, Lynch I, Dušinska M. Is the toxic potential of nanosilver dependent on its size? Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:65. [PMID: 25466209 PMCID: PMC4274708 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosilver is one of the most commonly used engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). In our study we focused on assessing the size-dependence of the toxicity of nanosilver (Ag ENMs), utilising materials of three sizes (50, 80 and 200 nm) synthesized by the same method, with the same chemical composition, charge and coating. METHODS Uptake and localisation (by Transmission Electron Microscopy), cell proliferation (Relative growth activity) and cytotoxic effects (Plating efficiency), inflammatory response (induction of IL-8 and MCP-1 by Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay), DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidised DNA lesions by the Comet assay) were all assessed in human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549), and the mutagenic potential of ENMs (Mammalian hprt gene mutation test) was assessed in V79-4 cells as per the OECD protocol. Detailed physico-chemical characterization of the ENMs was performed in water and in biological media as a prerequisite to assessment of their impacts on cells. To study the relationship between the surface area of the ENMs and the number of ENMs with the biological response observed, Ag ENMs concentrations were recalculated from μg/cm2 to ENMs cm2/cm2 and ENMs/cm2. RESULTS Studied Ag ENMs are cytotoxic and cytostatic, and induced strand breaks, DNA oxidation, inflammation and gene mutations. Results expressed in mass unit [μg/cm2] suggested that the toxicity of Ag ENMs is size dependent with 50 nm being most toxic. However, re-calculation of Ag ENMs concentrations from mass unit to surface area and number of ENMs per cm2 highlighted that 200 nm Ag ENMs, are the most toxic. Results from hprt gene mutation assay showed that Ag ENMs 200 nm are the most mutagenic irrespective of the concentration unit expressed. CONCLUSION We found that the toxicity of Ag ENMs is not always size dependent. Strong cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were observed in cells exposed to Ag ENMs 50 nm, but Ag ENMs 200 nm had the most mutagenic potential. Additionally, we showed that expression of concentrations of ENMs in mass units is not representative. Number of ENMs or surface area of ENMs (per cm2) seem more precise units with which to compare the toxicity of different ENMs.
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Analysis of Nanoparticle-Induced DNA Damage by the Comet Assay. GENOTOXICITY AND DNA REPAIR 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1068-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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