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Petersen E, Barrios AC, Bjorkland R, Goodwin DG, Li J, Waissi G, Henry T. Evaluation of bioaccumulation of nanoplastics, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene family materials. Environ Int 2023; 173:107650. [PMID: 36848829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation is a key factor in understanding the potential ecotoxicity of substances. While there are well-developed models and methods to evaluate bioaccumulation of dissolved organic and inorganic substances, it is substantially more challenging to assess bioaccumulation of particulate contaminants such as engineered carbon nanomaterials (CNMs; carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), and fullerenes) and nanoplastics. In this study, the methods used to evaluate bioaccumulation of different CNMs and nanoplastics are critically reviewed. In plant studies, uptake of CNMs and nanoplastics into the roots and stems was observed. For multicellular organisms other than plants, absorbance across epithelial surfaces was typically limited. Biomagnification was not observed for CNTs and GFNs but were observed for nanoplastics in some studies. However, the reported absorption in many nanoplastic studies may be a consequence of an experimental artifact, namely release of the fluorescent probe from the plastic particles and subsequent uptake. We identify that additional work is needed to develop analytical methods to provide robust, orthogonal methods that can measure unlabeled (e.g., without isotopic or fluorescent labels) CNMs and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States.
| | - Ana C Barrios
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | | | - David G Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Jennifer Li
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Greta Waissi
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, POB 1627 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theodore Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Krug HF, Nau K. Editorial: Methods and protocols in nanotoxicology. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:1093765. [PMID: 36591541 PMCID: PMC9798451 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.1093765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, Engelburg, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Harald F. Krug,
| | - Katja Nau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Llewellyn SV, Kermanizadeh A, Ude V, Jacobsen NR, Conway GE, Shah UK, Niemeijer M, Moné MJ, van de Water B, Roy S, Moritz W, Stone V, Jenkins GJS, Doak SH. Assessing the transferability and reproducibility of 3D in vitro liver models from primary human multi-cellular microtissues to cell-line based HepG2 spheroids. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105473. [PMID: 36108805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To reduce, replace, and refine in vivo testing, there is increasing emphasis on the development of more physiologically relevant in vitro test systems to improve the reliability of non-animal-based methods for hazard assessment. When developing new approach methodologies, it is important to standardize the protocols and demonstrate the methods can be reproduced by multiple laboratories. The aim of this study was to assess the transferability and reproducibility of two advanced in vitro liver models, the Primary Human multicellular microtissue liver model (PHH) and the 3D HepG2 Spheroid Model, for nanomaterial (NM) and chemical hazard assessment purposes. The PHH model inter-laboratory trial showed strong consistency across the testing sites. All laboratories evaluated cytokine release and cytotoxicity following exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. No significant difference was observed in cytotoxicity or IL-8 release for the test materials. The data were reproducible with all three laboratories with control readouts within a similar range. The PHH model ZnO induced the greatest cytotoxicity response at 50.0 μg/mL and a dose-dependent increase in IL-8 release. For the 3D HepG2 spheroid model, all test sites were able to construct the model and demonstrated good concordance in IL-8 cytokine release and genotoxicity data. This trial demonstrates the successful transfer of new approach methodologies across multiple laboratories, with good reproducibility for several hazard endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Llewellyn
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- University of Derby, School of Human Sciences, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Victor Ude
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nano Safety Research Group, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gillian E Conway
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Moné
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Shambhu Roy
- MilliporeSigma, 14920 Broschart Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nano Safety Research Group, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Reipa V, Song NW, Kwak M, Heo MB, Lee TG, Westerhoff P, Bi Y, Toman B, Hackley VA, Kato H, Tabei Y, Nontapot K, Choi Y, Choi J. Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles: the development of the standardized measurement for physiological conditions. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:857-866. [PMID: 36732933 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2159558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a new International Standard for testing nanomaterial photocatalytic activity under physiological conditions was issued by Technical Committee 229 (Nanotechnologies) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 20814:2019 Nanotechnologies-Testing the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles for NADH oxidation). The document offers a robust, high throughput photocatalytic assay using a bio-compatible indicator nicotinamide amide dinucleotide (NAD) and provides a screening tool to gauge nanomaterial potency for phototoxicity. This paper describes the measurement principles behind this assay, the scope of the standard and its validation through an interlaboratory comparison study using a traceable standard reference material (SRM 1898).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas Reipa
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nam Wong Song
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yuqiang Bi
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Blaza Toman
- Statistical Engineering Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vincent A Hackley
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Haruhisa Kato
- Polymers Standards Section Japan, Particle Measurement Research Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tabei
- Polymers Standards Section Japan, Particle Measurement Research Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nawab R, Iqbal A, Niazi F, Iqbal G, khurshid A, Saleem A, Munis MFH. Review featuring the use of inorganic nano-structured material for anti-microbial properties in textile. Polym Bull (Berl). [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Krug HF. A Systematic Review on the Hazard Assessment of Amorphous Silica Based on the Literature From 2013 to 2018. Front Public Health 2022; 10:902893. [PMID: 35784253 PMCID: PMC9240267 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.902893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials are suspected of causing health problems, as published studies on nanotoxicology indicate. On the other hand, some of these materials, such as nanostructured pyrogenic and precipitated synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) and silica gel, have been used for decades without safety concerns in industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. However, in addition to many in vivo and in vitro studies that have failed to demonstrate the intrinsic toxicity of SAS, articles periodically emerge, in which biological effects of concern have been described. Even though most of these studies do not meet high-quality standards and do not always use equivalent test materials or standardized test systems, the results often trigger substance re-evaluation. To put the results into perspective, an extensive literature study was carried out and an example of amorphous silica will be used to try to unravel the reliability from the unreliable results. Methods A systematic search of studies on nanotoxicological effects has been performed covering the years 2013 to 2018. The identified studies have been evaluated for their quality regarding material and method details, and the data have been curated and put into a data collection. This review deals only with investigations on amorphous silica. Results Of 18,162 publications 1,217 have been selected with direct reference to experiments with synthetically produced amorphous silica materials. The assessment of these studies based on defined criteria leads to a further reduction to 316 studies, which have been included in this systematic review. Screening for quality with well-defined quantitative criteria following the GUIDE nano concept reveals only 27.3% has acceptable quality. Overall, the in vitro and in vivo data showed low or no toxicity of amorphous silica. The data shown do not support the hypothesis of dependency of biological effects on the primary particle size of the tested materials. Conclusion This review demonstrates the relatively low quality of most studies published on nanotoxicological issues in the case of amorphous silica. Moreover, mechanistic studies are often passed off or considered toxicological studies. In general, standardized methods or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines are rarely used for toxicological experiments. As a result, the significance of the published data is usually weak and must be reevaluated carefully before using them for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, Engelburg, Switzerland
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Science and Materials Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Krug ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-095X
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Petersen EJ, Uhl R, Toman B, Elliott JT, Strickland J, Truax J, Gordon J. Development of a 96-Well Electrophilic Allergen Screening Assay for Skin Sensitization Using a Measurement Science Approach. Toxics 2022; 10:257. [PMID: 35622670 PMCID: PMC9147637 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Electrophilic Allergen Screening Assay (EASA) has emerged as a promising in chemico method to detect the first key event in the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization. This assay functions by assessing the depletion of one of two probe molecules (4-nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) and pyridoxylamine (PDA)) in the presence of a test compound (TC). The initial development of EASA utilized a cuvette format resulting in multiple measurement challenges such as low throughput and the inability to include adequate control measurements. In this study, we describe the redesign of EASA into a 96-well plate format that incorporates in-process control measurements to quantify key sources of variability each time the assay is run. The data from the analysis of 67 TCs using the 96-well format had 77% concordance with animal data from the local lymph node assay (LLNA), a result consistent with that for the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), an OECD test guideline (442C) protein binding assay. Overall, the measurement science approach described here provides steps during assay development that can be taken to increase confidence of in chemico assays by attempting to fully characterize the sources of variability and potential biases and incorporate in-process control measurements into the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Richard Uhl
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Chemistry, US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Blaza Toman
- Statistical Engineering Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - John T. Elliott
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Judy Strickland
- Inotiv-RTP., 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 800, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (J.S.); (J.T.)
| | - James Truax
- Inotiv-RTP., 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 800, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (J.S.); (J.T.)
| | - John Gordon
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
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Petersen EJ, Ceger P, Allen DG, Coyle J, Derk R, Garcia-Reyero N, Gordon J, Kleinstreuer NC, Matheson J, McShan D, Nelson BC, Patri AK, Rice P, Rojanasakul L, Sasidharan A, Scarano L, Chang X. U.S. Federal Agency interests and key considerations for new approach methodologies for nanomaterials. ALTEX 2022; 39:183–206. [PMID: 34874455 PMCID: PMC9115850 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) come in a wide array of shapes, sizes, surface coatings, and compositions, and often possess novel or enhanced properties compared to larger sized particles of the same elemental composition. To ensure the safe commercialization of products containing ENMs, it is important to thoroughly understand their potential risks. Given that ENMs can be created in an almost infinite number of variations, it is not feasible to conduct in vivo testing on each type of ENM. Instead, new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as in vitro or in chemico test methods may be needed, given their capacity for higher throughput testing, lower cost, and ability to provide information on toxicological mechanisms. However, the different behaviors of ENMs compared to dissolved chemicals may challenge safety testing of ENMs using NAMs. In this study, member agencies within the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods were queried about what types of ENMs are of agency interest and whether there is agency-specific guidance for ENM toxicity testing. To support the ability of NAMs to provide robust results in ENM testing, two key issues in the usage of NAMs, namely dosimetry and interference/bias controls, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David G Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jayme Coyle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Current affiliation: UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - John Gordon
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle McShan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Patri
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Penelope Rice
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liying Rojanasakul
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Abhilash Sasidharan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louis Scarano
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Petersen EJ, Kennedy AJ, Hüffer T, von der Kammer F. Solving Familiar Problems: Leveraging Environmental Testing Methods for Nanomaterials to Evaluate Microplastics and Nanoplastics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35458040 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental and human health risks from microplastic (1 µm to 1 mm) and nanoplastic (<1 µm) particles (MNPs) is receiving increasing attention from scientists and the public [...]
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Kim B, Shin JH, Kim HP, Jo MS, Kim HS, Lee JS, Lee HK, Kwon HC, Han SG, Kang N, Gulumian M, Bello D, Yu IJ. On-Site Deployment of an Air-Liquid-Interphase Device to Assess Health Hazard Potency of Airborne Workplace Contaminants: The Case of 3-D Printers. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:818942. [PMID: 35399295 PMCID: PMC8990836 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.818942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomonitoring of workers is an approach of evaluating workers’ exposure to chemicals and particulate matter by measuring biomarkers of parent chemicals, their metabolites, and reaction products in workers’ biospecimens. Prerequisites for biological monitoring in the workplace include permission to enter the workplace, approval of the study plan from the IRB (Institutional Review Board), and obtaining consent from workers. Because of the complex legal process involved in biomonitoring, few studies have been conducted so far on biomonitoring of workers’ exposures to nanoparticles and other hazards from emerging materials and advanced nanotechnologies. We have developed a cell-based biomonitoring device that can evaluate acute cytotoxicity and various other effect biomakers, such as inflammation, at realistic workplace exposure. This device is based on air–liquid interphase (ALI) and can be used to evaluate cell toxicity and early effect biomarkers along adverse outcome pathways. Following exposure of A549 lung epithelial cells in ALI to workplace air for 1–2 h, the cells were processed to assess the induction of inflammatory and cell damage biomarkers. Initially, we estimated the deposition rate of nanoparticles in the transwell by exposing the cell-free ALI device to silver nanoparticle aerosols (AgNP 20–30 nm) for 2 h in the laboratory. Then A549 lung epithelial cells cultured on the transwell in the ALI device were exposed to AgNP nanoaerosols for 2 h and evaluated for cytotoxicity and induction of mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α. Then the cells in the ALI device were exposed to 3-D printer emissions at the workplace and evaluated for the same matched endpoints. The mRNA levels for IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α increased significantly at the end of 2-h exposure of A549 cells to the positive control AgNP aerosols. These mRNAs, as well as LDH and microprotein concentrations, increased even more after 24-h post-exposure incubation (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity evaluation of 3-D printer emissions at 810 and 957 μg/m3, which was more than 80 times higher than the airborne total suspended particulate concentrations in the workplace air (9–12.5 μg/m3), suggested no significant acute cytotoxicity at the end of 2-h exposure to 3-D-printing emission, as well as at 24-h post-exposure incubation. Hyperspectral microscopic observation showed that 3-D printers emitted particles to be attached to A549 cells after 2-h exposure, and many particles were internalized by A549 cells after 24 h of post-exposure incubation. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b and IL-6 increased significantly after 2-h exposure to 3-D printer emissions and after 24-h incubation (only IL-6). In contrast, the expression of TNF-α mRNA decreased significantly after 2 h of exposure to 3-D printers and decreased even more after 24-h post-exposure incubation. These results support the use of cell-based ALI devices for direct assessment of airborne hazards in the workplace, for probing toxicological properties of airborne contaminants using adverse molecular pathways, and for guiding study design for workplace biomonitoring. ALI devices can bridge conventional exposure assessment with cellular toxicity testing platforms for hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boowook Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Occupation and Environment, KCOMWEL, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Institute of Occupation and Environment, KCOMWEL, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hoi Pin Kim
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTm, Icheon, Korea
| | - Mi Seong Jo
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTm, Icheon, Korea
| | - Hee Sang Kim
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTm, Icheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sung Lee
- Institute of Occupation and Environment, KCOMWEL, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hong Ku Lee
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTm, Icheon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Cheol Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noeul Kang
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCT. Co., Icheon, Korea
- *Correspondence: Il Je Yu,
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Sousa de Almeida M, Taladriz-blanco P, Drasler B, Balog S, Yajan P, Petri-fink A, Rothen-rutishauser B. Cellular Uptake of Silica and Gold Nanoparticles Induces Early Activation of Nuclear Receptor NR4A1. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:690. [PMID: 35215018 PMCID: PMC8877036 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The approval of new nanomedicines requires a deeper understanding of the interaction between cells and nanoparticles (NPs). Silica (SiO2) and gold (Au) NPs have shown great potential in biomedical applications, such as the delivery of therapeutic agents, diagnostics, and biosensors. NP-cell interaction and internalization can trigger several cellular responses, including gene expression regulation. The identification of differentially expressed genes in response to NP uptake contributes to a better understanding of the cellular processes involved, including potential side effects. We investigated gene regulation in human macrophages and lung epithelial cells after acute exposure to spherical 60 nm SiO2 NPs. SiO2 NPs uptake did not considerably affect gene expression in epithelial cells, whereas five genes were up-regulated in macrophages. These genes are principally related to inflammation, chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. Nuclear receptor NR4A1, an important modulator of inflammation in macrophages, was found to be up-regulated. The expression of this gene was also increased upon 1 h of macrophage exposure to spherical 50 nm AuNPs and 200 nm spherical SiO2 NPs. NR4A1 can thus be an important immediate regulator of inflammation provoked by NP uptake in macrophages.
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Radnik J, Hodoroaba VD, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Luch A, Sogne V, Meier F, Burr L, Schmid D, Schlager C, Yoon TH, Peters R, Briffa SM, Valsami-Jones E. Automation and Standardization-A Coupled Approach towards Reproducible Sample Preparation Protocols for Nanomaterial Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:985. [PMID: 35164246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the characterization of nanomaterials using different analytical techniques is often highly automated and standardized, the sample preparation that precedes it causes a bottleneck in nanomaterial analysis as it is performed manually. Usually, this pretreatment depends on the skills and experience of the analysts. Furthermore, adequate reporting of the sample preparation is often missing. In this overview, some solutions for techniques widely used in nano-analytics to overcome this problem are discussed. Two examples of sample preparation optimization by automation are presented, which demonstrate that this approach is leading to increased analytical confidence. Our first example is motivated by the need to exclude human bias and focuses on the development of automation in sample introduction. To this end, a robotic system has been developed, which can prepare stable and homogeneous nanomaterial suspensions amenable to a variety of well-established analytical methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field-flow fractionation (FFF) or single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). Our second example addresses biological samples, such as cells exposed to nanomaterials, which are still challenging for reliable analysis. An air-liquid interface has been developed for the exposure of biological samples to nanomaterial-containing aerosols. The system exposes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids under reproducible conditions, whilst also allowing characterization of aerosol composition with mass spectrometry. Such an approach enables correlative measurements combining biological with physicochemical analysis. These case studies demonstrate that standardization and automation of sample preparation setups, combined with appropriate measurement processes and data reduction are crucial steps towards more reliable and reproducible data.
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13
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Boyles M, Murphy F, Mueller W, Wohlleben W, Jacobsen NR, Braakhuis H, Giusti A, Stone V. Development of a standard operating procedure for the DCFH 2-DA acellular assessment of reactive oxygen species produced by nanomaterials. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:439-452. [PMID: 35086424 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2029656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved strategies are required for testing nanomaterials (NMs) to make hazard and risk assessment more efficient and sustainable. Including reduced reliance on animal models, without decreasing the level of human health protection. Acellular detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be useful as a screening assay to prioritize NMs of high concern. To improve reliability and reproducibility, and minimize uncertainty, a standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed for the detection of ROS using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) assay. The SOP has undergone an inter- and intra-laboratory comparison, to evaluate robustness, reliability, and reproducibility, using representative materials (ZnO, CuO, Mn2O3, and BaSO4 NMs), and a number of calibration tools to normalize data. The SOP includes an NM positive control (nanoparticle carbon black (NPCB)), a chemical positive control (SIN-1), and a standard curve of fluorescein fluorescence. The interlaboratory comparison demonstrated that arbitrary fluorescence units show high levels of partner variability; however, data normalization improved variability. With statistical analysis, it was shown that the SIN-1 positive control provided an extremely high level of reliability and reproducibility as a positive control and as a normalization tool. The NPCB positive control can be used with a relatively high level of reproducibility, and in terms of the representative materials, the reproducibility CuO induced-effects was better than for Mn2O3. Using this DCFH2-DA acellular assay SOP resulted in a robust intra-laboratory reproduction of ROS measurements from all NMs tested, while effective reproduction across different laboratories was also demonstrated; the effectiveness of attaining reproducibility within the interlaboratory assessment was particle-type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Murphy
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Material Physics and Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Giusti
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Valdiglesias V, Fernández-Bertólez N, Lema-Arranz C, Rodríguez-Fernández R, Pásaro E, Reis AT, Teixeira JP, Costa C, Laffon B. Salivary Leucocytes as In Vitro Model to Evaluate Nanoparticle-Induced DNA Damage. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34443762 PMCID: PMC8400528 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide variety of applications in many consumer products and biomedical practices. As a result, human exposure to these nanomaterials is highly frequent, becoming an issue of concern to public health. Recently, human salivary leucocytes have been proposed as an adequate non-invasive alternative to peripheral blood leucocytes to evaluate genotoxicity in vitro. The present study focused on proving the suitability of salivary leucocytes as a biomatrix in the comet assay for in vitro nanogenotoxicity studies, by testing some of the metal oxide NPs most frequently present in consumer products, namely, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and cerium dioxide (CeO2) NPs. Primary and oxidative DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assay, respectively. Any possible interference of the NPs with the methodological procedure or the hOGG1 activity was addressed before performing genotoxicity evaluation. Results obtained showed an increase of both primary and oxidative damage after NPs treatments. These data support the use of salivary leucocytes as a proper and sensitive biological sample for in vitro nanogenotoxicity studies, and contribute to increase the knowledge on the impact of metal oxide NPs on human health, reinforcing the need for a specific regulation of the nanomaterials use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlota Lema-Arranz
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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15
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Abstract
A broad range of in vitro test methods have been developed given their numerous potential advantages over in vivo tests. We describe here key resources and tools to increase the reliability and reproducibility of in vitro toxicological test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,Corresponding author: Elijah Petersen, , Tel: +1 301 975 8142
| | - Vytautas Reipa
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Petersen EJ, Sharma M, Clippinger AJ, Gordon J, Katz A, Laux P, Leibrock LB, Luch A, Matheson J, Stucki AO, Tentschert J, Bierkandt FS. Use of Cause-and-Effect Analysis to Optimize the Reliability of In Vitro Inhalation Toxicity Measurements Using an Air-Liquid Interface. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1370-1385. [PMID: 34097823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro inhalation toxicology methods are increasingly being used for research and regulatory purposes. Although the opportunity for increased human relevance of in vitro inhalation methods compared to in vivo tests has been established and discussed, how to systematically account for variability and maximize the reliability of these in vitro methods, especially for assays that use cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI), has received less attention. One tool that has been used to evaluate the robustness of in vitro test methods is cause-and-effect (C&E) analysis, a conceptual approach to analyze key sources of potential variability in a test method. These sources of variability can then be evaluated using robustness testing and potentially incorporated into in-process control measurements in the assay protocol. There are many differences among in vitro inhalation test methods including the use of different types of biological test systems, exposure platforms/conditions, substances tested, and end points, which represent a major challenge for use in regulatory testing. In this manuscript, we describe how C&E analysis can be applied using a modular approach based on the idea that shared components of different test methods (e.g., the same exposure system is used) have similar sources of variability even though other components may differ. C&E analyses of different in vitro inhalation methods revealed a common set of recommended exposure systems and biological in-process control measurements. The approach described here, when applied in conjunction with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) criteria, should help improve the inter- and intralaboratory agreement of in vitro inhalation test results, leading to increased confidence in these methods for regulatory and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John Gordon
- United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Aaron Katz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars B Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Matheson
- United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Andreas O Stucki
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank S Bierkandt
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Singh A, Hou WC, Lin TF. Combined impact of silver nanoparticles and chlorine on the cell integrity and toxin release of Microcystis aeruginosa. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129825. [PMID: 35534960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown to be toxic to freshwater cyanobacterial species, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a common oxidant for the treatment of cyanobacterial cells. AgNPs have a high possibility of co-existing with the cyanobacterial cells in the aqueous environments leading to its exposure to NaOCl during water treatment; however, their combined effects on the cyanobacterial cells are largely undocumented. This work compares the individual and combined effect of AgNP and NaOCl on the integrity and toxin (microcystins) release of Microcystis aeruginosa at varying levels. The results show that the AgNP (0.2-0.6 mg/L) alone has negligible effects on the cell lysis, while NaOCl alone shows concentration-dependent (0.2 < 0.4 < 0.6 mg/L) rupturing of cells. In contrast, the AgNP + NaOCl (0.2-0.6 mg/L) samples show increasing loss in cell integrity at higher AgNP (0.4 and 0.6 mg/L) levels than the NaOCl only samples. NaOCl exposure results in increasing dissolution of AgNPs with time, releasing silver ions (Ag+), affecting its size and morphology. The cell-associated total Ag declines over time with an increase in NaOCl levels, maybe due to increasing cell-lysis or NaOCl induced oxidative dissolution of AgNPs. The cell-associated total Ag and released Ag+ possibly weaken the cellular membrane, thus assisting NaOCl in faster cell-lysis. The combined exposure of AgNP and NaOCl also results in a higher release of toxin from the cells. This work collectively reveals that the AgNPs combined with NaOCl can enhance the cell lysis and release of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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18
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Leibrock LB, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Katz A, Toman B, Petersen EJ, Bierkandt FS, Singh AV, Laux P, Luch A. Parametric Optimization of an Air-Liquid Interface System for Flow-Through Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles: Assessing Dosimetry and Intracellular Uptake of CeO 2 Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2369. [PMID: 33260672 PMCID: PMC7760223 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) systems have been widely used in recent years to investigate the inhalation toxicity of many gaseous compounds, chemicals, and nanomaterials and represent an emerging and promising in vitro method to supplement in vivo studies. ALI exposure reflects the physiological conditions of the deep lung more closely to subacute in vivo inhalation scenarios compared to submerged exposure. The comparability of the toxicological results obtained from in vivo and in vitro inhalation data is still challenging. The robustness of ALI exposure scenarios is not yet well understood, but critical for the potential standardization of these methods. We report a cause-and-effect (C&E) analysis of a flow through ALI exposure system. The influence of five different instrumental and physiological parameters affecting cell viability and exposure parameters of a human lung cell line in vitro (exposure duration, relative humidity, temperature, CO2 concentration and flow rate) was investigated. After exposing lung epithelia cells to a CeO2 nanoparticle (NP) aerosol, intracellular CeO2 concentrations reached values similar to those found in a recent subacute rat inhalation study in vivo. This is the first study showing that the NP concentration reached in vitro using a flow through ALI system were the same as those in an in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Leibrock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Aaron Katz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Blaza Toman
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaitherburg, MD 20899-8311, USA;
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaitherburg, MD 20899-8311, USA;
| | - Frank S. Bierkandt
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
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19
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Gou N, Lin Y, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Effect of Lengths, Functional Groups and Electronic Structures Revealed by a Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay. Environ Sci Nano 2020; 7:1348-1364. [PMID: 33537148 PMCID: PMC7853656 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a group of widely used carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with various applications, which raise increasing public concerns associated with their potential toxicological effect and risks on human and ecosystems. In this report, we comprehensively evaluated the nanotoxicity of SWCNTs with their relationship to varying lengths, functional groups and electronic structures, by employing both newly established quantitative toxicogenomics test, as well as conventional phenotypic bioassays. The objective is to reveal potential cellular toxicity and mechanisms of SWCNTs at the molecular level, and to probe their potential relationships with their morphological, surface, and electronic properties. The results indicated that DNA damage and oxidative stress were the dominant mechanisms of action for all SWCNTs and, the toxicity level and characteristics varied with length, surface functionalization and electronic structure. Distinguishable molecular toxicity fingerprints were revealed for the two SWCNTs with varying length, with short SWCNT exhibiting higher toxicity level than the long one. In terms of surface properties, SWCNT functionalization, namely carboxylation and hydroxylation, led to elevated overall toxicity, especially genotoxicity, as compared to unmodified SWCNT. Carboxylated SWCNT induced a greater toxicity than the hydroxylated SWCNT. The nucleus is likely the primary target site for long, short, and carboxylated SWCNTs and mechanical perturbation is likely responsible for the DNA damage, specifically related to degradation of the DNA double helix structure. Finally, dramatically different electronic structure-dependent toxicity was observed with metallic SWCNT exerting much higher toxicity than the semiconducting one that exhibited minimal toxicity among all SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding authors: ,
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20
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Abstract
Nanocolloids (Ncs) are ubiquitous in natural surface waters. However, the effects of Ncs on the fate and ecotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO, a popular engineered nanomaterial (ENM)) remain largely unknown. Ncs exhibit strong adsorption affinity (KL = 1.93 L/mg) and high adsorption capacity (176.2 mg/g) for GO. After Ncs hybridization, GO nanosheets became scrolls, and the aggregation rate of GO decreased. The influence of humic acid and Ncs on GO toxicity was compared. Humic acid mitigated the phytotoxicity of GO. However, GO and GO-Ncs were found to have an envelopment effect on algal cells, and both could enter algal cells. GO-Ncs induced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stronger DNA damage and plasmolysis, and more obvious inhibition of photosynthesis compared to GO. Proteomic analysis revealed that photosystem I- and II-related proteins (e.g., E1ZQR2 and E1ZPG5) were regulated more significantly in the GO-Ncs groups than in the GO groups. A combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis showed that inhibition of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism contributed to ROS generation. Given the high concentrations and activity of Ncs, the above results highlight the need for reconsideration of the Ncs-mediated environmental behaviors and risks of ENMs and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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21
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Malanagahalli S, Murera D, Martín C, Lin H, Wadier N, Dumortier H, Vázquez E, Bianco A. Few Layer Graphene Does Not Affect Cellular Homeostasis of Mouse Macrophages. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E228. [PMID: 32013038 PMCID: PMC7074970 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
: Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are widely used in various applications due to their unique properties. A growing number of reports describe the impact of different carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT), on immune cells, but there is still a very limited number of studies on graphene. In this work, we investigated the biological responses of few layer graphene (FLG) on mouse macrophages (bone marrow derived macrophages, BMDMs), which are part of the first line of defense in innate immunity. In particular, our paper describes our findings of short-term FLG treatment in BMDMs with a focus on observing material internalization and changes in general cell morphology. Subsequent investigation of cytotoxicity parameters showed that increasing doses of FLG did not hamper the viability of cells and did not trigger inflammatory responses. Basal level induced autophagic activity sufficed to maintain the cellular homeostasis of FLG treated cells. Our results shed light on the impact of FLG on primary macrophages and show that FLG does not elicit immunological responses leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Malanagahalli
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Diane Murera
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Cristina Martín
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo Jose Cela, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Hazel Lin
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Nadége Wadier
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo Jose Cela, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
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22
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Gu Y, Xiao F, Luo L, Zhou X, Zhou X, Li J, Li Z. Bacterial Disinfection by CuFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles Enhanced by NH 2OH: A Mechanistic Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 10:E18. [PMID: 31861627 PMCID: PMC7022556 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many disinfection technologies have emerged recently in water treatment industry, which are designed to inactivate water pathogens with extraordinary efficiency and minimum side effects and costs. Current disinfection processes, including chlorination, ozonation, UV irradiation, and so on, have their inherent drawbacks, and have been proven ineffective under certain scenarios. Bacterial inactivation by noble metals has been traditionally used, and copper is an ideal candidate as a bactericidal agent owing to its high abundance and low cost. Building on previous findings, we explored the bactericidal efficiency of Cu(I) and attempted to develop it into a novel water disinfection platform. Nanosized copper ferrite was synthesized, and it was reduced by hydroxylamine to form surface bound Cu(I) species. Our results showed that the generated Cu(I) on copper ferrite surface could inactivate E. coli at a much higher efficiency than Cu(II) species. Elevated reactive oxygen species' content inside the cell primarily accounted for the strong bactericidal role of Cu(I), which may eventually lead to enhanced oxidative stress towards cell membrane, DNA, and functional proteins. The developed platform in this study is promising to be integrated into current water treatment industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Furen Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Liumin Luo
- School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jin Li
- School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhi Li
- California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Pkwy, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA;
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23
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Abstract
Concern regarding the reproducibility of observations in life science research has emerged in recent years, particularly in view of unfavorable experiences with preclinical in vivo research. The use of cell-based systems has increasingly replaced in vivo research and the application of in vitro models enjoys an ever-growing popularity. To avoid repeating past mistakes, high standards of reproducibility and reliability must be established and maintained in the field of in vitro biomedical research. Detailed guidance documenting the appropriate handling of cells has been authored, but was received with quite disparate perception by different branches in biomedical research. In that regard, we intend to raise awareness of the reproducibility issue among scientists in all branches of contemporary life science research and their individual responsibility in this matter. We have herein compiled a selection of the most susceptible steps of everyday in vitro cell culture routines that have the potential to influence cell quality and recommend practices to minimize the likelihood of poor cell quality impairing reproducibility with modest investment of time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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