Genotype-phenotype analysis of MT-ATP6-associated Leigh syndrome.
Acta Neurol Scand 2022;
145:414-422. [PMID:
34877647 DOI:
10.1111/ane.13566]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-associated Leigh syndrome (LS) is characterized by maternal inheritance, and the heteroplasmic mutant load of mtDNA pathogenic variants is known to affect clinical phenotypes. Among mtDNA pathogenic variants, variants of the MT-ATP6 gene account for most of reported cases. In this report, we aimed to describe the clinical and genetic findings of MT-ATP6-associated LS patients diagnosed at a single tertiary institution in Korea.
METHODS
Thirteen patients with genetically confirmed MT-ATP6-associated LS were selected. We reviewed each patient's clinical findings, including general characteristics, biochemical parameters, brain MR images, muscle biopsy results, and heteroplasmic mutant load over a long-term follow-up period.
RESULTS
MT-ATP6-associated LS was of predominantly early onset (age <2 years), although we identified 2 late-onset (>60 months) LS patients. The heteroplasmic mutant load estimated by next-generation sequencing was 96%-100% in all nucleotide change groups. Compared with other forms of MT-ATP6-associated LS, the m.8993T>G point mutation elicited a significantly higher rate of symptom onset before 2 years of age. Brain MRI showed bilateral basal ganglia involvement in all patients, followed by cerebral atrophy, brainstem and thalamus involvement, and cerebellar atrophy. After follow-up (median 7.2 years, range 1.4 to 11.5 years), LS with m.8993T>G point mutations had a slightly more severe clinical progression compared with other forms of MT-ATP6-associated LS.
CONCLUSIONS
MT-ATP6-associated LS patients presented with a broad spectrum of clinical diagnoses and had a very high heteroplasmic mutant load. This study provides valuable data on MT-ATP6-associated LS that will inform subsequent studies on LS.
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