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Steiner TJ, Husøy A, Thomas H, Stovner LJ. The HARDSHIP databases: a forthcoming free good from the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:21. [PMID: 36879195 PMCID: PMC9986863 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to pursue its purpose of reducing the global burden of headache, the Global Campaign against Headache has gathered data on headache-attributed burden from countries worldwide. These data, from the individual participants in adult population-based studies and child and adolescent schools-based studies, are being collated in two databases, which will be powerful resources for research and teaching and rich information sources for health policy.Here we briefly describe the structure and content of these databases, and announce the intention to make them available in due course as a free good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NorHEAD, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Andreas Husøy
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NorHEAD, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Norwegian Advisory Unit On Headaches, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallie Thomas
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NorHEAD, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Jacob Stovner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NorHEAD, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Norwegian Advisory Unit On Headaches, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Steiner TJ, Birbeck GL, Jensen RH, Martelletti P, Stovner LJ, Uluduz D, Leonardi M, Olesen J, Katsarava Z. The Global Campaign turns 18: a brief review of its activities and achievements. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:49. [PMID: 35448941 PMCID: PMC9022610 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Campaign against Headache, as a collaborative activity with the World Health Organization (WHO), was formally launched in Copenhagen in March 2004. In the month it turns 18, we review its activities and achievements, from initial determination of its strategic objectives, through partnerships and project management, knowledge acquisition and awareness generation, to evidence-based proposals for change justified by cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate, Trondheim, Norway. .,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Gretchen L Birbeck
- UTH Neurology Research Office, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lars Jacob Stovner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Norwegian Advisory Unit On Headaches,, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Derya Uluduz
- Neurology Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C Besta, NeurologyMilan, Italy
| | - Jes Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Zaza Katsarava
- Centre of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine and Early Rehabilitation, Evangelical Hospital, Unna, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Colledani D, Robusto E, Anselmi P. Development of a new abbreviated form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lin F, Ye Y, Ye S, Wang L, Du W, Yao L, Guo J. Effect of personality on oral health-related quality of life in undergraduates. Angle Orthod 2017; 88:215-220. [PMID: 29189038 DOI: 10.2319/051017-322.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of personality traits and other variables on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Chinese undergraduates aged 17 to 24 years with no history of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 443 undergraduate students aged 17 to 24 years were selected and completed a two-section questionnaire: the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale Chinese version and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 Chinese version (OHIP-14). Malocclusion severity was assessed via clinical examination using the dental health component (DHC) and esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Severe dentofacial deformities that required orthognathic surgery were excluded. RESULTS The total and all dichotomized OHIP-14 dimensions correlated closely with the neuroticism personality traits ( P < .001). The total and some subscales of OHIP-14 were related with psychoticism. Women had higher OHIP-14 scores than men, especially in the normal occlusion group. Nevertheless, men with more severe malocclusions had higher scores that were similar to those of women. OHRQoL was significantly different between the major of dentistry and other majors. CONCLUSIONS Personality affects comprehensive OHRQoL, and the most significant predictor is neuroticism. Female young adults have worse OHRQoL than male young adults, especially among those with mild malocclusion.
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Linde M, Edvinsson L, Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner TJ. Migraine associated with altitude: results from a population-based study in Nepal. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1055-1061. [PMID: 28556384 PMCID: PMC5518276 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose A 1988 pilot study in Peru suggested an association between migraine and chronic exposure to high altitude. This study provides epidemiological evidence corroborating this. Methods In a cross‐sectional nationwide population‐based study, a representative sample of Nepali‐speaking adults were recruited through stratified multistage cluster sampling. They were visited at home by trained interviewers using a culturally adapted questionnaire. The altitude of dwelling of each participant was recorded. Results Of 2100 participants, over half [1100 (52.4%)] were resident above 1000 m and almost one quarter [470 (22.4%)] at ≥2000 m. Age‐ and gender‐standardized migraine prevalence increased from 27.9% to 45.5% with altitude between 0 and 2499 m and thereafter decreased to 37.9% at ≥2500 m. The likelihood of having migraine was greater (odds ratio, 1.5–2.2; P ≤ 0.007) at all higher altitudes compared with <500 m. In addition, all symptom indices increased with altitude across the range <500 m to 2000–2499 m, i.e. median attack frequency from 1.3 to 3.0 days/month (P < 0.001), median duration from 9 to 24 h (P < 0.001) and pain intensity [the proportion reporting ‘bad pain’ (highest intensity)] from 35.5% to 56.9% (P = 0.011). Each of these showed a downward trend above 2500 m. Conclusions Dwelling at high altitudes increases not only migraine prevalence but also the severity of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Edvinsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Manandhar
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - A Risal
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - T J Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Risal A, Manandhar K, Holen A, Steiner TJ, Linde M. Comorbidities of psychiatric and headache disorders in Nepal: implications from a nationwide population-based study. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 27102122 PMCID: PMC4840123 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Headache disorders, anxiety and depression – the major disorders of the brain – are highly comorbid in the western world. Whether this is so in South Asia has not been investigated, but the question is of public-health importance to countries in the region. We aimed to investigate associations, and their direction(s), between headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache [TTH] and headache on ≥15 days/month) and psychiatric manifestations (anxiety, depression and neuroticism), and how these might affect quality of life (QoL). Methods In a nationwide, cross-sectional survey of the adult Nepalese population (N = 2100), trained interviewers applied: 1) a culturally-adapted version of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire to diagnose headache disorders; 2) a validated Nepali version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to detect anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D) and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD); 3) a validated Nepali version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form-Neuroticism (EPQRS-N); and 4) the World Health Organization Quality of Life 8-question scale (WHOQOL-8). Associations with headache types were analysed using logistic regression for psychiatric caseness and linear regression for neuroticism. Adjustments were made for age, gender, household consumption, habitat, altitude and use of alcohol and marijuana. Results HADS-A was associated with any headache (p = 0.024), most strongly headache on ≥15 days/month (AOR = 3.2) followed by migraine (AOR = 1.7). HADS-cAD was also associated with any headache (p = 0.050, more strongly among females than males [p = 0.047]) and again most strongly with headache on ≥15 days/month (AOR = 2.7), then migraine (AOR = 2.3). Likewise, neuroticism was associated with any headache (p < 0.001), most strongly with headache on ≥15 days/month (B = 1.6), followed by migraine (B = 1.3). No associations were found between HADS-D and any headache type, or between TTH and any psychiatric manifestation. Psychiatric caseness of any sort, when comorbid with migraine or TTH, aggravated the negative impact on QoL (p < 0.001). Conclusion Headache disorders are highly comorbid with anxiety and show associations with neuroticism in Nepal, with negative consequences for QoL. These findings call for reciprocal awareness, and a holistic coordinated approach to management and in the health service. Care for common headache and common psychiatric disorders should be integrated in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Risal
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Nevrosenteret Øst, St Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Kedar Manandhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Nevrosenteret Øst, St Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Are Holen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Nevrosenteret Øst, St Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.,Pain Unit, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Nevrosenteret Øst, St Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Nevrosenteret Øst, St Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway. .,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Risal A, Manandhar K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Holen A. Anxiety and depression in Nepal: prevalence, comorbidity and associations. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:102. [PMID: 27075664 PMCID: PMC4831105 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are two important contributors to the global burden of disease. In many developing countries, including Nepal, their prevalences are yet to be assessed. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of Nepalese adults aged 18-65 years (N = 2100), selected by multistage random cluster sampling and interviewed at home during unannounced visits. The validated questionnaires included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), to detect cases of anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D) and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form-Neuroticism (EPQRS-N), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life 8-question scale (WHOQOL-8). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations of caseness with four groups of variables: demographic, domicile, substance use, and behavioural and health. RESULTS Age- and gender-adjusted point prevalences of HADS-A, HADS-D and HADS-cAD were 16.1, 4.2 and 5.9% respectively. In a multivariate model, HADS-A was positively associated with urban residence (AOR = 1.82; p < 0.001) and neuroticism (AOR = 1.32; p < 0.001), and negatively with alcohol consumption (AOR = 0.71; p = 0.041). HADS-D was positively associated with marijuana use (AOR = 3.61; p = 0.017) and negatively with quality of life (QoL) (AOR = 0.86; p < 0.001). HADS-cAD was positively associated with widowhood (AOR = 2.71; p = 0.002), urban residence (AOR = 2.37; p = 0.001), living at altitude ≥2000 m (AOR = 2.32; p = 0.002) and neuroticism (AOR = 1.26; p < 0.001), and negatively with alcohol use (AOR = 0.56; p = 0.026) and QoL (AOR = 0.79; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety are important mental health conditions in Nepal, and major contributors to public ill health, being very highly prevalent, comorbid and associated with psychosocial burden. They are also linked to the unique topography, habitation and social structure of the country. High prevalence coupled with the disabling nature of these disorders establishes their health-care priority and their importance in national health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Risal
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NO, 7491, Norway. .,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
| | - Kedar Manandhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NO 7491 Norway ,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre Nepal
| | - Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NO 7491 Norway ,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy J. Steiner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NO 7491 Norway ,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Are Holen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NO 7491 Norway ,Pain Unit, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner TJ, Holen A, Linde M. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Nepal: a nationwide population-based study. J Headache Pain 2015; 16:95. [PMID: 26554602 PMCID: PMC4641072 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-015-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Headache disorders are among the most prevalent and burdensome global public-health problems. Within countries, health policy depends upon knowledge of health within the local populations, but the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), among WHO’s six world regions, is the only one for which no national headache prevalence data are available. Methods In a cross-sectional population-based study, adults representative of the Nepali-speaking population aged 18–65 years and living in Nepal were randomly recruited using stratified multistage cluster sampling. They were visited unannounced at home by trained interviewers who used a culturally-adapted Nepali translation of the structured Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire. Results There were 2,100 participants (1,239 females [59.0 %], 861 males [41.0 %]; mean age 36.4 ± 12.8 years) with 9 refusals (participation rate 99.6 %). Over half (1,100; 52.4 %) were resident above 1,000 m and almost one quarter (470; 22.4 %) lived at or above 2,000 m. The 1-year prevalence of any headache was 85.4 ± 1.5 % (gender- and age-adjusted 84.9 %), of migraine 34.7 ± 2.0 % (34.1 %), of tension-type headache (TTH) 41.1 ± 2.1 % (41.5 %), of headache on ≥15 days/month 7.7 ± 1.1 % (7.4 %) and of probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) 2.2 ± 0.63 % (2.1 %). There was a strong association between migraine and living at altitude ≥1,000 m (AOR = 1.6 [95 % CI: 1.3-2.0]; p < 0.001). There was a less strong association between TTH and urban dwelling (AOR = 1.3 [95 % CI: 1.1-1.6]; p = 0.003), and a possibly artefactual negative association between TTH and living above 1,000 m (AOR = 0.7 [95 % CI: 0.6-0.8]; p < 0.001). Conclusion Headache disorders are very common in Nepal. Migraine is unusually so, and strongly associated with living at altitude, which in very large part accounts for the high national prevalence: the age- and gender- standardised prevalence in the low-lying Terai is 27.9 %. Headache occurring on ≥15 days/month is also common. This new evidence will inform national health policy and provide a basis for health-care needs assessment. However, research is needed to explain the association between migraine and altitude, since it may be relevant to health-care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Manandhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Ajay Risal
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Are Holen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Pain Unit, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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