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de Camargo Santos A, Schaffer B, Ioannou AG, Moon P, Shahid M, Rowland D, Tillman B, Bremgartner M, Fotopoulos V, Bassil E. Melatonin seed priming improves early establishment and water stress tolerance of peanut. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108664. [PMID: 38703498 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Water stress is a major cause of yield loss in peanut cultivation. Melatonin seed priming has been used to enhance stress tolerance in several crops, but not in peanut. We investigated the impact of seed priming with melatonin on the growth, development, and drought tolerance of two peanut cultivars, TUFRunner™ '511', a drought tolerant cultivar, and New Mexico Valencia A, a drought sensitive cultivar. Peanut seed priming tests using variable rates of melatonin (0-200 μM), indicated that 50 μM of melatonin resulted in more uniform seed germination and improved seedling growth in both cultivars under non stress conditions. Seed priming with melatonin also promoted vegetative growth, as evidenced by higher whole-plant transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and root water uptake under both well-watered and water stress conditions in both cultivars. Higher antioxidant activity and protective osmolyte accumulation, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane damage were observed in primed compared with non-primed plants. Seed priming with melatonin induced a growth promoting effect that was more evident under well-watered conditions for TUFRunnner™ '511', whereas for New Mexico Valencia A, major differences in physiological responses were observed under water stress conditions. New Mexico Valencia A primed plants exhibited a more sensitized stress response, with faster down-regulation of photosynthesis and transpiration compared with non-primed plants. The results demonstrate that melatonin seed priming has significant potential to improve early establishment and promote growth of peanut under optimal conditions, while also improve stress tolerance during water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Schaffer
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Andreas G Ioannou
- Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Pamela Moon
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA.
| | - Diane Rowland
- College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Barry Tillman
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, 32446, USA.
| | - Matthew Bremgartner
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Elias Bassil
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2098, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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2
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Fonseca de Oliveira GR, Amaral da Silva EA. Tropical peanut maturation scale for harvesting seeds with superior quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376370. [PMID: 38784060 PMCID: PMC11113016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Determining the moment for harvesting the tropical peanut with a focus on superior seed quality is not an easy task. Particularities such as indeterminate flowering, underground fruiting and uneven maturation further increase this technical challenge. It is in this context that we aim to investigate harvest indicators based on the maturation and late maturation phases of tropical peanuts to obtain seeds with superior physiological and health quality. The plants were grown in field conditions and their development stages were carefully monitored until seed production. The water content, dry weight, germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, vigor, longevity, and seed pathogens were evaluated throughout these stages. We showed that seeds from early stages (R5 and R6) did not fully tolerate desiccation and were highly sensitive to pathogen contamination after storage (Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Bacteria). At late stages (R7, R8, and R9), the seeds had optimized vigor, longevity and bioprotection against fungi and thermal stress. The peanut maturation scale for tropical agriculture provides unique harvesting guidelines that make it possible to monitor the plants' development stages with a focus on producing superior quality seeds.
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Pugh NA, Young A, Ojha M, Emendack Y, Sanchez J, Xin Z, Puppala N. Yield prediction in a peanut breeding program using remote sensing data and machine learning algorithms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1339864. [PMID: 38444530 PMCID: PMC10912196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1339864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Peanut is a critical food crop worldwide, and the development of high-throughput phenotyping techniques is essential for enhancing the crop's genetic gain rate. Given the obvious challenges of directly estimating peanut yields through remote sensing, an approach that utilizes above-ground phenotypes to estimate underground yield is necessary. To that end, this study leveraged unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for high-throughput phenotyping of surface traits in peanut. Using a diverse set of peanut germplasm planted in 2021 and 2022, UAV flight missions were repeatedly conducted to capture image data that were used to construct high-resolution multitemporal sigmoidal growth curves based on apparent characteristics, such as canopy cover and canopy height. Latent phenotypes extracted from these growth curves and their first derivatives informed the development of advanced machine learning models, specifically random forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to estimate yield in the peanut plots. The random forest model exhibited exceptional predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.93), while XGBoost was also reasonably effective (R2 = 0.88). When using confusion matrices to evaluate the classification abilities of each model, the two models proved valuable in a breeding pipeline, particularly for filtering out underperforming genotypes. In addition, the random forest model excelled in identifying top-performing material while minimizing Type I and Type II errors. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of machine learning models, especially random forests and XGBoost, in predicting peanut yield and improving the efficiency of peanut breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ace Pugh
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Stress Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Young
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Stress Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Manisha Ojha
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM, United States
| | - Yves Emendack
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Stress Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jacobo Sanchez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Stress Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Zhanguo Xin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Stress Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naveen Puppala
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM, United States
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4
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Wang J, Chen H, Li Y, Shi D, Wang W, Yan C, Yuan M, Sun Q, Chen J, Mou Y, Qu C, Shan S. Identification of Quantitative Trait Nucleotides and Development of Diagnostic Markers for Nine Fatty Acids in the Peanut. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 38202325 PMCID: PMC10780752 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide, and fatty acid composition is a major determinant of peanut oil quality. In the present study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for nine fatty acid traits using the whole genome sequences of 160 representative Chinese peanut landraces and identified 6-1195 significant SNPs for different fatty acid contents. Particularly for oleic acid and linoleic acid, two peak SNP clusters on Arahy.09 and Arahy.19 were found to contain the majority of the significant SNPs associated with these two fatty acids. Additionally, a significant proportion of the candidate genes identified on Arahy.09 overlap with those identified in early studies, among which three candidate genes are of special interest. One possesses a significant missense SNP and encodes a known candidate gene FAD2A. The second gene is the gene closest to the most significant SNP for linoleic acid. It codes for an MYB protein that has been demonstrated to impact fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The third gene harbors a missense SNP and encodes a JmjC domain-containing protein. The significant phenotypic difference in the oleic acid/linoleic acid between the genotypes at the first and third candidate genes was further confirmed with PARMS analysis. In addition, we have also identified different candidate genes (i.e., Arahy.ZV39IJ, Arahy.F9E3EA, Arahy.X9ZZC1, and Arahy.Z0ELT9) for the remaining fatty acids. Our findings can help us gain a better understanding of the genetic foundation of peanut fatty acid contents and may hold great potential for enhancing peanut quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Haoning Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Yuan Li
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dachuan Shi
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenjiao Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Quanxi Sun
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Yifei Mou
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Chunjuan Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
| | - Shihua Shan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (J.W.)
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Spivey WW, Rustgi S, Welti R, Roth MR, Burow MD, Bridges WC, Narayanan S. Lipid modulation contributes to heat stress adaptation in peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1299371. [PMID: 38164249 PMCID: PMC10757947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
At the cellular level, membrane damage is a fundamental cause of yield loss at high temperatures (HT). We report our investigations on a subset of a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) recombinant inbred line population, demonstrating that the membrane lipid remodeling occurring at HT is consistent with homeoviscous adaptation to maintain membrane fluidity. A major alteration in the leaf lipidome at HT was the reduction in the unsaturation levels, primarily through reductions of 18:3 fatty acid chains, of the plastidic and extra-plastidic diacyl membrane lipids. In contrast, levels of 18:3-containing triacylglycerols (TGs) increased at HT, consistent with a role for TGs in sequestering fatty acids when membrane lipids undergo remodeling during plant stress. Polyunsaturated acyl chains from membrane diacyl lipids were also sequestered as sterol esters (SEs). The removal of 18:3 chains from the membrane lipids decreased the availability of susceptible molecules for oxidation, thereby minimizing oxidative damage in membranes. Our results suggest that transferring 18:3 chains from membrane diacyl lipids to TGs and SEs is a key feature of lipid remodeling for HT adaptation in peanut. Finally, QTL-seq allowed the identification of a genomic region associated with heat-adaptive lipid remodeling, which would be useful for identifying molecular markers for heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Spivey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mary R. Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mark D. Burow
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - William C. Bridges
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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6
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Fu Z, Chen P, Zhang X, Du Q, Zheng B, Yang H, Luo K, Lin P, Li Y, Pu T, Wu Y, Wang X, Yang F, Liu W, Song C, Yang W, Yong T. Maize-legume intercropping achieves yield advantages by improving leaf functions and dry matter partition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:438. [PMID: 37726682 PMCID: PMC10507892 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can obtain yield advantages, but the mechanism of yield advantages of maize-legume intercropping is still unclear. Then, we explored the effects of cropping systems and N input on yield advantages in a two-year experiment. Cropping systems included monoculture maize (Zea mays L.) (MM), monoculture soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (MS), monoculture peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (MP), maize-soybean substitutive relay intercropping (IMS), and maize-peanut substitutive strip intercropping (IMP). N input included without N (N0) and N addition (N1). Results showed that maize's leaf area index was 31.0% and 34.6% higher in IMS and IMP than in MM. The specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a (chl a) of maize were notably higher by 8.0% and 18.8% in IMS, 3.1%, and 18.6% in IMP compared with MM. Finally, N addition resulted in a higher thousand kernels weight of maize in IMS and IMP than that in MM. More dry matter accumulated and partitioned to the grain, maize's averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha-1 in IMS, 0.78 and 2.83 t ha-1 in IMP. The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of intercropped soybean were 16.8% and 26% higher than MS. Although soybean suffers from shade during coexistence, recovered growth strengthens leaf functional traits and increases dry matter accumulation. The averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect of intercropped soybean were 0.76 and 0.47 t ha-1. The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of peanuts in IMP were 69.1% and 14.4% lower than in the MP. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of peanut in MP were 17.0% and 24.4% higher than in IMP. A less dry matter was partitioned to the grain for intercropped peanut. The averaged pLER and NE of intercropped peanuts were 0.26 and -0.55 t ha-1. In conclusion, the strengthened leaf functional traits promote dry matter accumulation, maize-soybean relay intercropping obtained a win-win yield advantage, and maize-peanut strip intercropping achieved a trade-off yield advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Benchuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Lin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chun Song
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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7
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Yang H, Luo L, Li Y, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang K, Zhu S, Li X, Li Y, Wan Y, Liu F. Fine mapping of qAHPS07 and functional studies of AhRUVBL2 controlling pod size in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1785-1798. [PMID: 37256840 PMCID: PMC10440995 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. Pod size is one of the major traits determining yield and commodity characteristic of peanut. Fine mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) and identification of candidate genes associated with pod size are essential for genetic improvement and molecular breeding of peanut varieties. In this study, a major QTL related to pod size, qAHPS07, was fine mapped to a 36.46 kb interval on chromosome A07 using F2 , recombinant inbred line (RIL) and secondary F2 populations. qAHPS07 explained 38.6%, 23.35%, 37.48%, 25.94% of the phenotypic variation for single pod weight (SPW), pod length (PL), pod width (PW) and pod shell thickness (PST), respectively. Whole genome resequencing and gene expression analysis revealed that a RuvB-like 2 protein coding gene AhRUVBL2 was the most likely candidate for qAHPS07. Overexpression of AhRUVBL2 in Arabidopsis led to larger seeds and plants than the wild type. AhRUVBL2-silenced peanut seedlings represented small leaves and shorter main stems. Three haplotypes were identified according to three SNPs in the promoter of AhRUVBL2 among 119 peanut accessions. Among them, SPW, PW and PST of accessions carrying Hap_ATT represent 17.6%, 11.2% and 26.3% higher than those carrying Hap_GAC,respectively. In addition, a functional marker of AhRUVBL2 was developed. Taken together, our study identified a key functional gene of peanut pod size, which provides new insights into peanut pod size regulation mechanism and offers practicable markers for the genetic improvement of pod size-related traits in peanut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Lu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Huadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Suqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xuanlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yongshan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
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8
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Wang X, Liu Y, Ouyang L, Yao R, He D, Han Z, Li W, Ding Y, Wang Z, Kang Y, Yan L, Chen Y, Huai D, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B. Metabolomics combined with transcriptomics analyses of mechanism regulating testa pigmentation in peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1065049. [PMID: 36589085 PMCID: PMC9800836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peanut testa (seed coat) contains large amounts of flavonoids that significantly influence seed color, taste, and nutritional qualities. There are various colors of peanut testa, however, their precise flavonoid components and regulatory mechanism of pigmentation remain unclear. In this study, a total of 133 flavonoids were identified and absolutely quantified in the seed coat of four peanut cultivars with different testa color using a widely targeted metabolomic approach. Black peanut skin had more types and substantial higher levels of cyanidin-based anthocyanins, which possibly contribute to its testa coloration. Procyanidins and flavan-3-ols were the major co-pigmented flavonoids in the red, spot and black peanuts, while flavanols were the most abundant constitutes in white cultivar. Although the concentrations as well as composition characteristics varied, the content ratios of procyanidins to flavan-3-ols were similar in all samples except for white peanut. Furthermore, MYB-like transcription factors, anthocyanidin reductases (ANR), and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) were found to be candidate genes involved in testa pigmentation via RNA-seq and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. It is proposed that UGTs and ANR compete for the substrate cyanidin and the prevalence of UGTs activities over ANR one will determine the color pattern of peanut testa. Our results provide a comprehensive report examining the absolute abundance of flavonoid profiles in peanut seed coat, and the finding are expected to be useful for further understanding of regulation mechanisms of seed coat pigmentation in peanut and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruonan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongkui Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingbin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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9
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Li C, Lai X, Luo K, Zheng Y, Liu K, Wan X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars differing in amino acid metabolism of the seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:132-143. [PMID: 35688083 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an important economic crop worldwide. The content of amino acids, especially essential amino acids, is an important nutritional quality trait of peanut seeds. However, the regulation of amino acid metabolism in peanut seeds is poorly understood. Here, two peanut cultivars, Zhonghuahei 1 and Zhongkaihua 151, with high and low free amino acids in mature seeds, respectively, were selected to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of amino acids during seed development. Zhonghuahei 1 is composed of significantly higher arginine (Arg), asparagine (Asn), and glutamate (Glu) contents than Zhongkaihua 151. However, the metabolomic analyses indicated that the contents of most amino acids were significantly lower in Zhonghuahei 1 at the early developmental stage, while they were reverse at the middle and late stages. Transcriptomic analyses also revealed that the differentially expressed genes between the two cultivars during different stages were enriched in multiple pathways associated with amino acid metabolism. Among them, the Arg biosynthesis pathway showed different regulatory profiles between the two cultivars according to the temporal analysis of gene expression patterns. Subsequent gene co-expression network analysis showed that the gene module darkorange was significantly correlated with Arg content, with an enriched Arg biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, a gene regulatory network for Arg biosynthesis and metabolism, including key genes (ALDH, ASS1, OTC, and GAD) and transcription factors (GATA, HEX, and ATF), was constructed. These findings provide insights into the regulatory network of amino acid metabolism in peanuts and provide candidate genes that can be applied to facilitate peanut breeding with desirable seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kaiqing Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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10
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Han Y, Dong Q, Zhang K, Sha D, Jiang C, Yang X, Liu X, Zhang H, Wang X, Guo F, Zhang Z, Wan S, Zhao X, Yu H. Maize-peanut rotational strip intercropping improves peanut growth and soil properties by optimizing microbial community diversity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13777. [PMID: 35919403 PMCID: PMC9339216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotational strip intercropping (RSI) of cereals and legumes has been developed and widely carried out to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, to control erosion and to improve field use efficiency. In this study, a four-year fixed-field experiment was carried out in northeast China with three treatments: continuous cropping of maize, continuous cropping of peanuts and rotational strip intercropping of maize and peanut. The results show that crop rotation improved the main-stem height, branch number, lateral branch length, and yield and quality of peanuts; the yield was the highest in 2018, when it was increased by 39.5%. RSI improved the contents of total N, available N, total P, available P, total K and available K; the content of available N was the highest in 2018, with an increase of 70%. Rhizosphere soil urease and catalase activities were significantly increased and were the highest in 2017, reaching 183.13% and 91.21%, respectively. According to a high-throughput sequencing analysis, the rhizosphere soil bacterial richness and specific OTUs decreased in peanut rhizosphere soil, while the fungal increased. There were differences in the bacterial and fungal community structures; specifically, the abundance of Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes increased among bacteria and the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Ascomycota increased among fungi. In conclusion, rotational strip intercropping of maize and peanut increased the yield and quality of peanuts and conducive to alleviating the obstacles facing the continuous cropping of peanuts. Among then, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial diversity were significantly affected the yield of peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kezhao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dejian Sha
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xibo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Chapu I, Okello DK, Okello RCO, Odong TL, Sarkar S, Balota M. Exploration of Alternative Approaches to Phenotyping of Late Leaf Spot and Groundnut Rosette Virus Disease for Groundnut Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912332. [PMID: 35774822 PMCID: PMC9238324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS), caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A Curt.), and groundnut rosette disease (GRD), [caused by groundnut rosette virus (GRV)], represent the most important biotic constraints to groundnut production in Uganda. Application of visual scores in selection for disease resistance presents a challenge especially when breeding experiments are large because it is resource-intensive, subjective, and error-prone. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) can alleviate these constraints. The objective of this study is to determine if HTP derived indices can replace visual scores in a groundnut breeding program in Uganda. Fifty genotypes were planted under rain-fed conditions at two locations, Nakabango (GRD hotspot) and NaSARRI (LLS hotspot). Three handheld sensors (RGB camera, GreenSeeker, and Thermal camera) were used to collect HTP data on the dates visual scores were taken. Pearson correlation was made between the indices and visual scores, and logistic models for predicting visual scores were developed. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (r = -0.89) and red-green-blue (RGB) color space indices CSI (r = 0.76), v* (r = -0.80), and b* (r = -0.75) were highly correlated with LLS visual scores. NDVI (r = -0.72), v* (r = -0.71), b* (r = -0.64), and GA (r = -0.67) were best related to the GRD visual symptoms. Heritability estimates indicated NDVI, green area (GA), greener area (GGA), a*, and hue angle having the highest heritability (H 2 > 0.75). Logistic models developed using these indices were 68% accurate for LLS and 45% accurate for GRD. The accuracy of the models improved to 91 and 84% when the nearest score method was used for LLS and GRD, respectively. Results presented in this study indicated that use of handheld remote sensing tools can improve screening for GRD and LLS resistance, and the best associated indices can be used for indirect selection for resistance and improve genetic gain in groundnut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chapu
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Robert C. Ongom Okello
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Lapaka Odong
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Maria Balota
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Tidewater AREC, Virginia Tech, Suffolk, VA, United States
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12
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Tool for the Establishment of Agro-Management Zones Using GIS Techniques for Precision Farming in Egypt. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Agro-management zones recently became the backbone of modern agriculture. Delineating management zones for Variable-Rate Fertilization (VRF) can provide important ecological benefits and better sustainability of the new Egyptian farming projects. This article aims to represent an approach for delineating management zones using Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation (SMCE) within irrigated peanut pivot situated at the eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. The results indicated that soil data, such as soil texture, soil type, the elevation of the landscape, and slope, allow for sampling the study area into similar classes and in smaller units, along with a crop productivity map. The effects of the variability in soil characteristics within the field on Peanut yields are predicted by the soil suitability model. In addition, final management zones map a varied amount of nutrients that could be added to different pivot zones. In conclusion, mapping soil units with a sufficient number of field observations within each class provided an acceptable accuracy, and a good spatial distribution of the suitability classification was achieved. Hence, agro-management zones are essentially needed for policymakers in a specific field in order to furnish an evaluation about the transformations at a territorial scale and for studying the strategies to realize environmental sustainability and to reduce the territorial impacts.
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Identification of Peanut Aux/IAA Genes and Functional Prediction during Seed Development and Maturation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040472. [PMID: 35214804 PMCID: PMC8874715 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Auxin-responsive genes AUX/IAA are important during plant growth and development, but there are few relevant reports in peanut. In this study, 44 AhIAA genes were identified from cultivated peanut, of which 31 genes were expressed in seed at varying degrees. AhIAA-3A, AhIAA-16A and AhIAA-15B were up-regulated, while AhIAA-11A, AhIAA-5B and AhIAA-14B were down-regulated with seed development and maturation. The expression patterns of seven genes, AhIAA-1A, AhIAA-4A, AhIAA-10A, AhIAA-20A, AhIAA-1B, AhIAA-4B and AhIAA-19B, were consistent with the change trend of auxin, and expression in late-maturing variety LM was significantly higher than that in early-maturing EM. Furthermore, allelic polymorphism analysis of AhIAA-1A and AhIAA-1B, which were specifically expressed in seeds, showed that three SNP loci in 3′UTR of AhIAA-1A could effectively distinguish the EM- and LM- type germplasm, providing a basis for breeding markers development. Our results offered a comprehensive understanding of Aux/IAA genes in peanut and provided valuable clues for further investigation of the auxin signal transduction pathway and auxin regulation mechanism in peanut.
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14
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Commey L, Tengey TK, Cobos CJ, Dampanaboina L, Dhillon KK, Pandey MK, Sudini HK, Falalou H, Varshney RK, Burow MD, Mendu V. Peanut Seed Coat Acts as a Physical and Biochemical Barrier against Aspergillus flavus Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121000. [PMID: 34946983 PMCID: PMC8708384 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination is a global menace that adversely affects food crops and human health. Peanut seed coat is the outer layer protecting the cotyledon both at pre- and post-harvest stages from biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of seed coat against A. flavus infection. In-vitro seed colonization (IVSC) with and without seed coat showed that the seed coat acts as a physical barrier, and the developmental series of peanut seed coat showed the formation of a robust multilayered protective seed coat. Radial growth bioassay revealed that both insoluble and soluble seed coat extracts from 55-437 line (resistant) showed higher A. flavus inhibition compared to TMV-2 line (susceptible). Further analysis of seed coat biochemicals showed that hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are the predominant phenolic compounds, and addition of these compounds to the media inhibited A. flavus growth. Gene expression analysis showed that genes involved in lignin monomer, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid biosynthesis are highly abundant in 55-437 compared to TMV-2 seed coats. Overall, the present study showed that the seed coat acts as a physical and biochemical barrier against A. flavus infection and its potential use in mitigating the aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Commey
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.C.); (T.K.T.); (C.J.C.); (K.K.D.)
| | - Theophilus K. Tengey
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.C.); (T.K.T.); (C.J.C.); (K.K.D.)
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Nyankpala P.O. Box 52, Ghana
| | - Christopher J. Cobos
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.C.); (T.K.T.); (C.J.C.); (K.K.D.)
| | - Lavanya Dampanaboina
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Kamalpreet K. Dhillon
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.C.); (T.K.T.); (C.J.C.); (K.K.D.)
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (H.K.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Hari Kishan Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (H.K.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Hamidou Falalou
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey B.P. 873, Niger;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (H.K.S.); (R.K.V.)
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark D. Burow
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.B.)
- Texas A&M AgriLife, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (L.C.); (T.K.T.); (C.J.C.); (K.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-806-834-6327 or +1-406-994-9708
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15
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Sarkar S, Cazenave AB, Oakes J, McCall D, Thomason W, Abbott L, Balota M. Aerial high-throughput phenotyping of peanut leaf area index and lateral growth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21661. [PMID: 34737338 PMCID: PMC8569151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf area index (LAI) is the ratio of the total one-sided leaf area to the ground area, whereas lateral growth (LG) is the measure of canopy expansion. They are indicators for light capture, plant growth, and yield. Although LAI and LG can be directly measured, this is time consuming. Healthy leaves absorb in the blue and red, and reflect in the green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Aerial high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) may enable rapid acquisition of LAI and LG from leaf reflectance in these regions. In this paper, we report novel models to estimate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) LAI and LG from vegetation indices (VIs) derived relatively fast and inexpensively from the red, green, and blue (RGB) leaf reflectance collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In addition, we evaluate the models' suitability to identify phenotypic variation for LAI and LG and predict pod yield from early season estimated LAI and LG. The study included 18 peanut genotypes for model training in 2017, and 8 genotypes for model validation in 2019. The VIs included the blue green index (BGI), red-green ratio (RGR), normalized plant pigment ratio (NPPR), normalized green red difference index (NGRDI), normalized chlorophyll pigment index (NCPI), and plant pigment ratio (PPR). The models used multiple linear and artificial neural network (ANN) regression, and their predictive accuracy ranged from 84 to 97%, depending on the VIs combinations used in the models. The results concluded that the new models were time- and cost-effective for estimation of LAI and LG, and accessible for use in phenotypic selection of peanuts with desirable LAI, LG and pod yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sarkar
- West Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, Jackson, TN, USA
| | | | - Joseph Oakes
- Virginia Tech Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VA, USA
| | - David McCall
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Wade Thomason
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lynn Abbott
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Maria Balota
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, USA.
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16
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Gupta K, Gupta S, Faigenboim-Doron A, Patil AS, Levy Y, Carrus SC, Hovav R. Deep transcriptomic study reveals the role of cell wall biosynthesis and organization networks in the developing shell of peanut pod. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:509. [PMID: 34732143 PMCID: PMC8565004 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) belongs to an exceptional group of legume plants, wherein the flowers are produced aerially, but the pods develop under the ground. In such a unique environment, the pod's outer shell plays a vital role as a barrier against mechanical damage and soilborne pathogens. Recent studies have reported the uniqueness and importance of gene expression patterns that accompany peanut pods' biogenesis. These studies focused on biogenesis and pod development during the early stages, but the late developmental stages and disease resistance aspects still have gaps. To extend this information, we analyzed the transcriptome generated from four pod developmental stages of two genotypes, Hanoch (Virginia-type) and IGC53 (Peruvian-type), which differs significantly in their pod shell characteristics and pathogen resistance. RESULTS The transcriptome study revealed a significant reprogramming of the number and nature of differentially expressed (DE) genes during shell development. Generally, the numbers of DE genes were higher in IGC53 than in Hanoch, and the R5-R6 transition was the most dynamic in terms of transcriptomic changes. Genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, modification and transcription factors (TFs) dominated these changes therefore, we focused on their differential, temporal and spatial expression patterns. Analysis of the cellulose synthase superfamily identified specific Cellulose synthase (CesAs) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes and their coordinated interplay with other cell wall-related genes during the peanut shell development was demonstrated. TFs were also identified as being involved in the shell development process, and their pattern of expression differed in the two peanut genotypes. The shell component analysis showed that overall crude fiber, cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses and dry matter increased with shell development, whereas K, N, protein, and ash content decreased. Genotype IGC53 contained a higher level of crude fiber, cellulose, NDF, ADF, K, ash, and dry matter percentage, while Hanoch had higher protein and nitrogen content. CONCLUSIONS The comparative transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes, enriched processes, and molecular processes like cell wall biosynthesis/modifications, carbohydrate metabolic process, signaling, transcription factors, transport, stress, and lignin biosynthesis during the peanut shell development between two contrasting genotypes. TFs and other genes like chitinases were also enriched in peanut shells known for pathogen resistance against soilborne major pathogens causing pod wart disease and pod damages. This study will shed new light on the biological processes involved with underground pod development in an important legume crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, UP, India.
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | | | | | - Yael Levy
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Scott Cohen Carrus
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
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17
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de Oliveira Aparecido LE, Lorençone JA, Lorençone PA, de Meneses KC, da Silva Cabral de Moraes JR. Climate risk to peanut cultivation in Brazil across different planting seasons. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5002-5015. [PMID: 33559883 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanuts are widely grown in Brazil because of their great importance in the domestic vegetable oil industry and the succession of sugarcane, soybean and maize crops, contributing to soil conservation and improvement in agricultural areas. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the zoning of peanuts' climatic risk by estimating the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) for the crop in Brazil. We used a historical series of data on average air temperature and rainfall between 1980 and 2016. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated using the method of Thornthwaite, and we subsequently calculated crop evapotranspiration and maximum evapotranspiration. Water balances for all stations were calculated using the method of Thornthwaite and Mather, with an available water capacity in the soil of 15, 30 and 45 mm. The definitions of suitable, unfit and restricted areas and the planting season were performed using the WRSI. RESULTS Brazil has low climatic risk areas for growing peanuts throughout the year, except for winter. The country reveals that 88.19%, 97.93%, 99.16% and 39.25% of its area is suitable for planting peanuts on planting dates in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. CONCLUSION Brazil has a large part of the areas favorable to the planting of peanuts. The maximum availability of soil water at a depth of 15, 30 and 45 mm does not influence regions with respect to peanut growing in Brazil. The states of Piauí, Ceará and Bahia are the most unsuitable on the winter planting date, with an average WRSI of 0.22. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Antonio Lorençone
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Campus of Naviraí, IFMS - Federal Institute of Education, Naviraí, Brazil
| | - Pedro Antonio Lorençone
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Campus of Naviraí, IFMS - Federal Institute of Education, Naviraí, Brazil
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18
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:5883901. [PMID: 34395608 PMCID: PMC8363441 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5883901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of oil and food around the world, and the testa color affects its appearance and commercial value. However, few studies focused on the mechanism of pigment formation in peanut testa. In this study, cultivars Shanhua 15 with pink testa and Zhonghua 12 with red testa were used as materials to perform the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 198 flavonoid metabolites were detected, among which petunidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin O-acetylhexoside in Zhonghua12 were 15.23 and 14.72 times higher than those of Shanhua 15 at the R7 stage, revealing the anthocyanins underlying the red testa. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6059 and 3153 differentially expressed genes between Shanhua 15 and Zhonghua 12 in different growth periods, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated CHS gene (arahy.CM90T6), F3'H genes (arahy. 8F7PE4 and arahy. K8H9R8), and DFR genes (arahy. LDV9QN and arahy. X8EVF3) may be the key functional genes controlling the formation of pink and red testa in peanut. Transcription factors MYB (arahy.A2IWKV, arahy.US2SKM, arahy.SJGE27, arahy.H8DJRL, and arahy.PR7AYB), bHLH (arahy.26781N, arahy.HM1IVV, and arahy.MP3D3D), and WD40 (arahy.L6JJW9) in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin were significantly upregulated in Zhonghua 12 which may be the key regulatory genes in testa pigment formation. This is a comprehensive analysis on flavonoid metabolites and related genes expression in peanut testa, providing reference for revealing the regulatory mechanism of pigment accumulation in peanut testa.
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19
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Acquisition of the physiological quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds during maturation under the influence of the maternal environment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250293. [PMID: 33939737 PMCID: PMC8092650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of information on the maturation physiology of the peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.; Virgínia group) makes harvesting high quality seeds a challenge for the seed industry. During two consecutive crop seasons, we studied the acquisition of physiological quality of peanut seeds during maturation in tropical conditions. We bring new insights about the period of late maturation of seeds and the influence of the maternal environment on physiological quality. We monitored water content, dry weight, ability of germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity. In addition, we monitored temperature and precipitation throughout plant growth. We demonstrate that the physiological quality of peanut seeds is acquired during development, with a maximum between 57 and 76 days after flowering in the late stage of maturation. This final period represents about 25% of the development, considered the best time to harvest peanut seeds with the highest quality. Our findings also support the idea that the adequate proportion of rainfall and thermal sum in the maternal environment are factors that favor the acquisition of peanut seed longevity.
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20
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Zoong Lwe ZS, Welti R, Anco D, Naveed S, Rustgi S, Narayanan S. Heat stress elicits remodeling in the anther lipidome of peanut. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22163. [PMID: 33335149 PMCID: PMC7747596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) anther lipidome under heat stress (HT) will aid in understanding the mechanisms of heat tolerance. We profiled the anther lipidome of seven genotypes exposed to ambient temperature (AT) or HT during flowering. Under AT and HT, the lipidome was dominated by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TAG) species (> 50% of total lipids). Of 89 lipid analytes specified by total acyl carbons:total carbon–carbon double bonds, 36:6, 36:5, and 34:3 PC and 34:3 PE (all contain 18:3 fatty acid and decreased under HT) were the most important lipids that differentiated HT from AT. Heat stress caused decreases in unsaturation indices of membrane lipids, primarily due to decreases in highly-unsaturated lipid species that contained 18:3 fatty acids. In parallel, the expression of Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-2 (FAD3-2; converts 18:2 fatty acids to 18:3) decreased under HT for the heat-tolerant genotype SPT 06-07 but not for the susceptible genotype Bailey. Our results suggested that decreasing lipid unsaturation levels by lowering 18:3 fatty-acid amount through reducing FAD3 expression is likely an acclimation mechanism to heat stress in peanut. Thus, genotypes that are more efficient in doing so will be relatively more tolerant to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolian S Zoong Lwe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Anco
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Edisto Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Pee Dee Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Pee Dee Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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21
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Peralta JM, Travaglia CN, Romero-Puertas MC, Furlan A, Castro S, Bianucci E. Unraveling the impact of arsenic on the redox response of peanut plants inoculated with two different Bradyrhizobium sp. strains. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127410. [PMID: 32615455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) can be present naturally in groundwater from peanut fields, constituting a serious problem, as roots can accumulate and mobilize the metalloid to their edible parts. Understanding the redox changes in the legume exposed to As may help to detect potential risks to human health and recognize tolerance mechanisms. Thirty-days old peanut plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains (SEMIA6144 or C-145) were exposed to a realistic arsenate concentration, in order to unravel the redox response and characterize the oxidative stress indexes. Thus, root anatomy, reactive oxygen species detection by fluorescence microscopy and, ROS histochemical staining along with the NADPH oxidase activity were analyzed. Besides, photosynthetic pigments and damage to lipids and proteins were determined as oxidative stress indicators. Results showed that at 3 μM AsV, the cross-section areas of peanut roots were augmented; NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased and O2˙¯and H2O2 accumulated in leaves and roots. Likewise, an increase in the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls was also observed throughout the plant regardless the inoculated strain, while chlorophylls and carotenes were increased only in those inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. C-145. Interestingly, the oxidative burst, mainly induced by the NADPH oxidase activity, and the consequent oxidative stress was strain-dependent and organ-differential. Additionally, As modifies the root anatomy, acting as a possibly first defense mechanism against the metalloid entry. All these findings allowed us to conclude that the redox response of peanut is conditioned by the rhizobial strain, which contributes to the importance of effectively formulating bioinoculants for this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Peralta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia N Travaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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22
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Hou M, Zhang Y, Mu G, Cui S, Yang X, Liu L. Molecular cloning and expression characterization of flavonol synthase genes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Sci Rep 2020; 10:17717. [PMID: 33077846 PMCID: PMC7572378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonol is an important functional bioactive substance in peanut seeds, and plays important roles responding to abiotic stress. The flavonol content is closely related to the activity and regulation of gene expression patterns of flavonol synthase (FLS). In this study, eight FLS genes, AhFLSs were cloned and their expression characterization in different peanut organ and seedling under different abiotic stress were conducted. The results showed that the expressions levels of AhFLSs were differed in all assayed peanut organs and seedlings under abiotic stress treatments. Expression levels of AhFLS2, AhFLS3, AhFLS4, and AhFLS6 were higher than those of other AhFLSs. The flavonol contents of peanut organs and seedlings under different abiotic stress were also determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dried mature peanut seeds were the organ tissue with the highest flavonol content, and flavonol content increased with seed development. Under abiotic stress treatments, the types of flavonols induced differed among stress treatments. Correlation analysis results suggested that eight AhFLS genes may have different functions in peanut. Moreover, changes in the expression of the eight genes appear to has substrate preference. These results can lay the foundation for the study of improving nutritional value of peanut seed and resistance of peanut plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hou
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Guojun Mu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Shunli Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xinlei Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China. .,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
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23
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Haro RJ, Dardanelli JL, Martínez MJ. Effect of soil temperature during seed filling period on oleic/linoleic ratio, tocopherols and sugar contents in peanut kernels. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0449191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of chemical quality of peanut seed with the soil temperature (ST) has received little attention. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of ST in the seed growth environment, during the seed filling period, on the oleic/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, alpha, beta, gamma, delta tocopherols and the sum of them (TT), fructose, glucose and sucrose and the sum of them (FGS), contents in peanut kernels. Field experiments included cultivars (Florman and ASEM), water regimes (irrigated and water stress), sowing dates and alteration of ST. The response of O/L ratio to ST fitted a linear model, where the O/L ratio increased while ST increased. Mean O/L ratios were 1.31 for ASEM and 1.20 for Florman. The TT mean concentration was similar for both genotypes (478 ppm). A positive association between α-tocopherol (the main source of vitamin E) and ST, and a negative association between δ and α tocopherols were detected. The responses of FGS and sucrose to ST fitted linear models, where increments in ST showed decreases in FGS and sucrose concentrations. However, the decrease rates of FGS and sucrose in ASEM were three times lower than in Florman. The results showed that ST affected the chemical composition of peanut kernels, which mainly determines the shelf life and flavor of both genotypes differentially.
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24
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Chavarro C, Chu Y, Holbrook C, Isleib T, Bertioli D, Hovav R, Butts C, Lamb M, Sorensen R, A Jackson S, Ozias-Akins P. Pod and Seed Trait QTL Identification To Assist Breeding for Peanut Market Preferences. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:2297-2315. [PMID: 32398236 PMCID: PMC7341151 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although seed and pod traits are important for peanut breeding, little is known about the inheritance of these traits. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 156 lines from a cross of Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped with the Axiom_Arachis1 SNP array and SSRs to generate a genetic map composed of 1524 markers in 29 linkage groups (LG). The genetic positions of markers were compared with their physical positions on the peanut genome to confirm the validity of the linkage map and explore the distribution of recombination and potential chromosomal rearrangements. This linkage map was then used to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for seed and pod traits that were phenotyped over three consecutive years for the purpose of developing trait-associated markers for breeding. Forty-nine QTL were identified in 14 LG for seed size index, kernel percentage, seed weight, pod weight, single-kernel, double-kernel, pod area and pod density. Twenty QTL demonstrated phenotypic variance explained (PVE) greater than 10% and eight more than 20%. Of note, seven of the eight major QTL for pod area, pod weight and seed weight (PVE >20% variance) were attributed to NC 3033 and located in a single linkage group, LG B06_1. In contrast, the most consistent QTL for kernel percentage were located on A07/B07 and derived from Tifrunner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chavarro
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ye Chu
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Corley Holbrook
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Thomas Isleib
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO (Volcani Center), Bet Dagan, Israel, and
| | - Christopher Butts
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Marshall Lamb
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Ronald Sorensen
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793,
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25
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Furlan AL, Bianucci E, Giordano W, Castro S, Becker DF. Proline metabolic dynamics and implications in drought tolerance of peanut plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:566-578. [PMID: 32320942 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proline accumulation and metabolism are associated with mechanisms of abiotic stress avoidance in plants. Proline accumulation generally improves osmotic stress tolerance whereas proline metabolism can have varying effects from ATP generation to the formation of reactive oxygen species. To further understand the roles of proline in stress protection, two peanut cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought were examined by transcriptional and biochemical analyses during water stress. Plants exposed to polyethylene glycol had diminished relative water content and increased proline content; while, only the drought sensitive plants, cultivar Granoleico, showed lipid oxidative damage (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). The expression of proline biosynthesis genes (P5CS1, P5CS2a, P5CS2b, P5CR) was increased in both cultivars upon exposure to water stress. However, the relative expression of proline catabolism genes (ProDH1, ProDH2) was increased only in the sensitive cultivar during stress. Exogenous addition of proline and the proline analogue thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (T4C), both substrates of proline dehydrogenase, was also used to exacerbate and identify plant responses. Pretreatment of plants with T4C induced unique changes in the drought tolerant EC-98 cultivar such as higher mRNA levels of proline biosynthetic and catabolic ProDH genes, even in the absence of water stress. The increased levels of ProDH gene expression, potentially associated with higher T4C conversion to cysteine, may contribute to the tolerant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Walter Giordano
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Donald F Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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26
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Anco DJ, Thomas JS, Jordan DL, Shew BB, Monfort WS, Mehl HL, Small IM, Wright DL, Tillman BL, Dufault NS, Hagan AK, Campbell HL. Peanut Yield Loss in the Presence of Defoliation Caused by Late or Early Leaf Spot. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1390-1399. [PMID: 32223639 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2286-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Late and early leaf spot, respectively caused by Nothopassalora personata and Passalora arachidicola, are damaging diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) capable of defoliating canopies and reducing yield. Although one of these diseases may be more predominant in a given area, both are important on a global scale. To assist informed management decisions and quantify relationships between end-of-season defoliation and yield loss, meta-analyses were conducted over 140 datasets meeting established criteria. Slopes of proportion yield loss with increasing defoliation were estimated separately for Virginia and runner market type cultivars. Yield loss for Virginia types was described by an exponential function over the range of defoliation levels, with a loss increase of 1.2 to 2.2% relative to current loss levels per additional percent defoliation. Results for runner market type cultivars showed yield loss to linearly increase 2.2 to 2.8% per 10% increase in defoliation for levels up to approximately 95% defoliation, after which the rate of yield loss was exponential. Defoliation thresholds to prevent economic yield loss for Virginia and runner types were estimated at 40 and 50%, respectively. Although numerous factors remain important in mitigating overall yield losses, the integration of these findings should aid recommendations about digging under varying defoliation intensities and peanut maturities to assist in minimizing yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Anco
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC 29817
| | - James S Thomas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC 29817
| | - David L Jordan
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Barbara B Shew
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - W Scott Monfort
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Hillary L Mehl
- Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Suffolk, VA 23437
| | - Ian M Small
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - David L Wright
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Barry L Tillman
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446
| | - Nicholas S Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Austin K Hagan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - H Lee Campbell
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
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27
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Options for Sustainable Intensification of Maize Production in Ethiopia. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and to improve livelihood. In this modelling exercise, we identified sustainable intensification scenarios for maize-based cropping systems in Ethiopia. We evaluated Conventional Intensification (CI) as continuous maize monocropping using higher Mineral Fertilizer (MF) rates with and without the incorporation of Crop Residues (CR) in the soil. We also evaluated the effect of groundnut in rotation with the maize-based cropping system with the current Farmer’s Practice + Rotation (FP + Rotation) and increased MF application rates (CI + Rotation) combined with CR incorporation. The results suggest that, under CI, there was a positive effect of MF and CR. The incorporation of only CR in the field increased the maize yield by 45.3% compared to the farmer’s yield under current MF rates. CR combined with higher MF (60 kg N ha−1 + 20 kg P ha−1) increased the yield by 134.6%. Incorporating CR and MF was also beneficial under rotation with groundnut. The maize yields increased up to 110.1% depending upon the scenarios tested. In the scenario where CR was not incorporated in the field, the maize yield declined by 21.9%. The Gross Economic Profit suggests that groundnut in rotation with maize is advantageous across Ethiopia in terms of the net return with a few exceptions.
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28
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Tomke PD, Rathod VK. A novel step towards immobilization of biocatalyst using agro waste and its application for ester synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:366-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Mehl H. Evaluation of New High Oleic Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars for Disease Tolerance, Yield, and Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3146/ps16-22.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As new cultivars are developed and released by peanut breeding programs, their levels of tolerance to common diseases and the overall profitability of production needs to be determined. Virginia-type peanut cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance/tolerance, yield, and quality when grown under different fungicide programs and in locations varying in disease pressure. Cultivars included a disease susceptible (CHAMPS) and tolerant (Bailey) cultivar and two new high-oleic cultivars, Sullivan and Wynne. Fungicide programs consisted of a leaf spot program, a leaf spot plus Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) program, a leaf spot plus Sclerotinia blight program, or an untreated check. Cultivars and fungicide programs were arranged in a randomized split-plot design with fungicide treatments in 16-row main plots and cultivars in 4-row subplots. Disease incidence and severity varied among growing seasons and the five fields where experiments were conducted. Overall, Sullivan had good leaf spot tolerance and both Sullivan and Bailey had Sclerotinia and CBR tolerance. All cultivars yielded well in the absence of disease pressure, but Sullivan was consistently the highest yielding cultivar. Grade characteristics varied among cultivars, but while fungicide treatments impacted yield, they had little effect on grade. Net value and profitability of different fungicide programs varied by experiment, but overall Sullivan had the highest net value regardless of fungicide program. Due to slightly higher disease tolerance compared to Bailey, good agronomic characteristics, high yield and quality under a variety of growing environments, and the presence of the high-oleic trait, Sullivan is an excellent cultivar for Virginia-type peanut production in the Virginia-Carolina region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.L. Mehl
- Assistant Professor, Virginia Tech Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437
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30
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Tuan SJ, Lee CC, Tang LC, Saska P. Economic Injury Level and Demography-Based Control Timing Projection of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Different Growth Stages of Arachis hypogaea. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:755-762. [PMID: 28334106 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura (F.), one of the most devastating pests in many Asian countries, is normally controlled by relying on chemical insecticides. To encourage an integrated pest management approach, we determined the economic injury level (EIL) for S. litura on peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., by larval infestation with late instars at different crop growth stages. The cumulative consumption rate of the fifth- and sixth-instars was used as the relative unit for the "Spodoptera injury equivalent" (SIE). The yield of marketable pods significantly decreased from 6.19 to 1.63 g.plant-1 as larval infestation intensity increased throughout the entire cropping season. When supplemented with timely applications of the insecticide, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, the EIL values obtained in the larval infestation trial ranged from 3.26 to 13.47 SIE per 20 plants depending on the timing of initial infestation. The economic threshold (ET) for late instars, i.e., multiplying the EIL by 0.75, could not be utilized as a control timing index for the outbreak of injurious larvae population because of the time-lag. When the occurrence of natural mortality in the egg to pupal stage was considered, the ETs were adjusted to reflect the average survivorship. ETs of 27.3, 55.9, 51.3, and 112.6 eggs.m-2 were recommended at the early vegetative growth, blooming/pegging, pod-setting, and pod-filling stages, respectively, for initiating control measures. By simulating the pest population with the program, Timing-MSChart, we integrated the stage-specific EILs and ETs with the life-table data of S. litura on peanut and then proposed a demography-based control timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jen Tuan
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China (; ; )
| | - Chung-Chieh Lee
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China (; ; )
| | - Li-Chen Tang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China (; ; )
| | - Pavel Saska
- Faculty of Crop Research Institute, Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic ( )
- Group Functional Diversity of Invertebrates and Plants in Agroecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovsk_ 507, Prague 6 - Ruzyn_ 161 06, Czech Republic
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Rago AM, Cazón LI, Paredes JA, Molina JPE, Conforto EC, Bisonard EM, Oddino C. Peanut Smut: From an Emerging Disease to an Actual Threat to Argentine Peanut Production. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:400-408. [PMID: 30677350 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-16-1248-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The center of origin of peanut is located in South America, specifically in southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, where its parental species are found in wild habits. Even though Argentina is only the seventh largest producer of peanut in the world (2% of global production), it is the leading exporter of edible grain and crushed (e.g., flour, butter, and oil) peanut products worldwide. Peanut production was moved to more southern areas of Cordoba in the early 1990s to avoid the consequences of production issues in the northern region. During this migration process, a new disease emerged in commercial plots: peanut smut caused by Thecaphora frezii. Peanut smut was first detected in the northern peanut producing areas in Córdoba Province, and then established on the central region where the main grain processing industries are located. Currently, the prevalence is 100% in Argentinian peanut area. This finding showed evidence that pathogens could also migrate along with peanut production activities and contaminate soil of new production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mario Rago
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal; CIAP - INTA, Córdoba, Argentina, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, UNRC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis Ignacio Cazón
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal; CIAP - INTA, Córdoba, Argentina Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ - Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Piracicaba, SP - Brasil
| | - Juan Andrés Paredes
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal; CIAP - INTA, Córdoba, Argentina Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ - Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Piracicaba, SP - Brasil
| | - Juan Pablo Edwards Molina
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal; CIAP - INTA, Córdoba, Argentina Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ - Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Piracicaba, SP - Brasil
| | - Erica Cinthia Conforto
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal; CIAP - INTA, Córdoba, Argentina Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ - Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Piracicaba, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Claudio Oddino
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Gupta K, Kayam G, Faigenboim-Doron A, Clevenger J, Ozias-Akins P, Hovav R. Gene expression profiling during seed-filling process in peanut with emphasis on oil biosynthesis networks. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 248:116-27. [PMID: 27181953 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pod-filling is an important stage of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed development. It is partially controlled by genetic factors, as cultivars considerably vary in pod-filling potential. Here, a study was done to detect changes in mRNA levels that accompany pod-filling processes. Four seed developmental stages were sampled from two peanut genotypes differing in their oil content and pod-filling potential. Transcriptome data were generated by RNA-Seq and explored with respect to genic and subgenomic patterns of expression. Very dynamic transcriptomic changes occurred during seed development in both genotypes. Yet, general higher expression rates of transcripts and an enrichment in processes involved "energy generation" and "primary metabolites" were observed in the genotype with the better pod-filling ("Hanoch"). A dataset of 584 oil-related genes was assembled and analyzed, resulting in several lipid metabolic processes highly expressed in Hanoch, including oil storage and FA synthesis/elongation. Homoeolog-specific gene expression analysis revealed that both subgenomes contribute to the oil genes expression. Yet, biases were observed in particular parts of the pathway with possible biological meaning, presumably explaining the genotypic variation in oil biosynthesis and pod-filling. This study provides baseline information and a resource that may be used to understand development and oil biosynthesis in the peanut seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Galya Kayam
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Josh Clevenger
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Field Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel.
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33
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Ozana N, Buchsbaum S, Bishitz Y, Beiderman Y, Schmilovitch Z, Schwarz A, Shemer A, Keshet J, Zalevsky Z. Optical remote sensor for peanut kernel abortion classification. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:4005-4010. [PMID: 27411126 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple, inexpensive optical device for remote measurement of various agricultural parameters. The sensor is based on temporal tracking of backreflected secondary speckle patterns generated when illuminating a plant with a laser and while applying periodic acoustic-based pressure stimulation. By analyzing different parameters using a support-vector-machine-based algorithm, peanut kernel abortion can be detected remotely. This paper presents experimental tests which are the first step toward an implementation of a noncontact device for the detection of agricultural parameters such as kernel abortion.
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Aninbon C, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Patanothai A, Nuchadomrong S, Senawong T. Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chem 2016; 196:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Aninbon C, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Patanothai A, Nuchadomrong S, Senawong T. Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chem 2016; 196:123-129. [PMID: 26593473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought reduces pod yield and affected the phenolic content of leaves, stems and seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of end of season water deficit on phenolic content in drought tolerant and sensitive genotypes of peanuts. Five peanut genotypes were planted under two water regimes, field capacity and 1/3 available water. Phenolic content was analyzed in seeds, leaves, and stems. The results revealed that terminal drought decreased phenolic content in seeds of both tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Phenolic content in leaves and stems increased under terminal drought stress in both years. This study provides basic information on changes in phenolic content in several parts of peanut plants when subjected to drought stress. Future studies to define the effect of terminal drought stress on specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in peanut are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aninbon
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - S Jogloy
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - N Vorasoot
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - A Patanothai
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - S Nuchadomrong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - T Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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36
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Furlan A, Bianucci E, Del Carmen Tordable M, Kleinert A, Valentine A, Castro S. Dynamic responses of photosynthesis and the antioxidant system during a drought and rehydration cycle in peanut plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:337-345. [PMID: 32480465 DOI: 10.1071/fp15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that adversely affect the productivity and quality of crops. Most studies focus on elucidating plant responses to this stress but the reversibility of these effects is less known. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether drought-stressed peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were capable of recovering their metabolism upon rehydration, with a focus on their antioxidant system. Peanut plants in the flowering phase (30 days after sowing) were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation during 14 days and subsequent rehydration during 3 days. Under these conditions, physiological status indicators, reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant system activity were evaluated. Under drought stress, the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic quantum yield and 13C:12C ratio of the peanut plants were negatively affected, and also they accumulated reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant system of peanut plants showed increases in superoxide dismutase-, ascorbate peroxidase- and glutathione reductase-specific activities, as well as the total ascorbate content. All of these responses were reversed upon rehydration at 3 days. The efficient and dynamic regulation of variables related to photosynthesis and the antioxidant system during a drought and rehydration cycle in peanut plants was demonstrated. It is suggested that the activation of the antioxidant system could mediate the signalling of drought stress responses that enable the plant to survive and recover completely within 3 days of rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Furlan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Tordable
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aleysia Kleinert
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Alexander Valentine
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Stella Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Clevenger J, Chu Y, Scheffler B, Ozias-Akins P. A Developmental Transcriptome Map for Allotetraploid Arachis hypogaea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1446. [PMID: 27746793 PMCID: PMC5043296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis has ushered in a new era for peanut genomics. With the goal of producing a gene atlas for cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea), 22 different tissue types and ontogenies that represent the full development of peanut were sequenced, including a complete reproductive series from flower to peg elongation and peg tip immersion in the soil to fully mature seed. Using a genome-guided assembly pipeline, a homeolog-specific transcriptome assembly for Arachis hypogaea was assembled and its accuracy was validated. The assembly was used to annotate 21 developmental co-expression networks as tools for gene discovery. Using a set of 8816 putative homeologous gene pairs, homeolog expression bias was documented, and although bias was mostly balanced, there were striking differences in expression bias in a tissue-specific context. Over 9000 alterative splicing events and over 6000 non-coding RNAs were further identified and profiled in a developmental context. Together, this work represents a major new resource for cultivated peanut and will be integrated into peanutbase.org as an available resource for all peanut researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Clevenger
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA
| | - Ye Chu
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA
| | - Brian Scheffler
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitStoneville, MS, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Peggy Ozias-Akins
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38
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Jogi A, Kerry JW, Brenneman TB, Leebens-Mack JH, Gold SE. Identification of genes differentially expressed during early interactions between the stem rot fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with increasing disease resistance levels. Microbiol Res 2015; 184:1-12. [PMID: 26856448 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii, a destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen causes stem rot of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes associated with peanut resistance and fungal virulence. Four peanut cultivars (A100-32, Georgia Green, GA-07W and York) with increasing resistance levels were inoculated with a virulent S. rolfsii strain to study the early plant-pathogen interaction. 454 sequencing was performed on RNAs from infected tissue collected at 4 days post inoculation, generating 225,793 high-quality reads. Normalized read counts and fold changes were calculated and statistical analysis used to identify differentially expressed genes. Several genes identified as differential in the RNA-seq experiment were selected based on functions of interest and real-time PCR employed to corroborate their differential expression. Expanding the analysis to include all four cultivars revealed a small but interesting set of genes showing colinearity between cultivar resistance and expression levels. This study identified a set of genes possibly related to pathogen response that may be useful marker assisted selection or transgenic disease control strategies. Additionally, a set of differentially expressed genes that have not been functionally characterized in peanut or other plants and warrant additional investigation were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuya Jogi
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John W Kerry
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott E Gold
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; USDA, ARS, Russell Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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39
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Beneficial effects of native phosphate solubilizing bacteria on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) growth and phosphorus acquisition. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Senakoon W, Nuchadomrong S, Chiou RYY, Senawong G, Jogloy S, Songsri P, Patanothai A. Identification of peanut seed prolamins with an antifungal role by 2D-GE and drought treatment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1771-8. [PMID: 26086399 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1056508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work revealed peanut seed prolamins likely displaying a defensive role besides the known nitrogen storage. Drought stress and proteomic approaches were used in varieties of peanuts to explore the prolamin member in association with a test against Aspergillus flavus spore germination. The stress effect was showed by aerial biomass, leaf content of malondialdehyde, and seed contamination by A. flavus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles were not informative for the antifungal polypeptides. From two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the suspected polypeptides were those with pI 5.45-5.75 and sizes of 22.0-30.5 kDa specifically in Spanish-type peanuts. Regarding to the drought effect in most of these peanuts, the spot peak volume analysis deduced three novel prolamin-related antifungal polypeptides at pI 5.75-5.8 with 30.5, 27.5-28.5, and 22.0-22.5 kDa, which was confirmed after isoelectric purification at pH 5.60. The data could not yet conclude their correlation with resistance to drought and to seed infection by A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraluk Senakoon
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Suporn Nuchadomrong
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Robin Y-Y Chiou
- b Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gulsiri Senawong
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Sanun Jogloy
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Aran Patanothai
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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41
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42
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Furlan AL, Bianucci E, Tordable MADC, Castro S, Dietz KJ. Antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in peanut nodules during a drought and rehydration cycle. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:704-713. [PMID: 32481025 DOI: 10.1071/fp13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that affect plant growth and limit biomass production. Most studies focus on drought stress development but the reversibility of the effects receives less attention. Therefore, the present work aims to explore the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of the symbiotic association between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Bradyrhizobium sp. during a drought-recovery cycle with a focus on the response of enzyme activity and gene expression of the antioxidant system. Peanuts exposed to drought stress had impaired BNF, as indicated by lower nitrogenase activity, and decreased leghaemoglobin content; the latter was reversed to control values upon rehydration. Previous results demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (O2·- and H2O2) were accumulated as a consequence of drought stress, suggesting that nodules experience oxidative stress. In addition, marker transcripts responsive to drought, abscisic acid and H2O2 were upregulated. Increased transcript levels of glutathione reductase were associated with an increased enzyme activity but superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were unchanged, despite upregulated gene transcription. In contrast, increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was unrelated with changes in cytosolic APX transcript levels suggesting isogene specificity. In conclusion, the work exemplarily demonstrates the efficient and dynamic regulation of antioxidant enzymes and marker compounds during drought cycling, which is likely to be a prerequisite for functional optimisation of nodule metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Furlan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mar A Del Carmen Tordable
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Kalariya KA, Singh AL, Chakraborty K, Zala PV, Patel CB. Photosynthetic characteristics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under water deficit stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-013-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Dzotsi K, Basso B, Jones J. Development, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the simple SALUS crop model in DSSAT. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Wu N, Matand K, Wu H, Li B, Li Y, Zhang X, He Z, Qian J, Liu X, Conley S, Bailey M, Acquaah G. De novo next-generation sequencing, assembling and annotation of Arachis hypogaea L. Spanish botanical type whole plant transcriptome. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:1145-1149. [PMID: 23338522 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is a major agronomic crop within the legume family and an important source of plant oil, proteins, vitamins, and minerals for human consumption, as well as animal feed, bioenergy, and health products. Peanut genomic research effort lags that of other legumes of economic importance, mainly due to the shortage of essential genomic infrastructure, tools, resources, and the complexity of the peanut genome. This is a pioneering study that explored the peanut Spanish Group whole plant transcriptome and culminated in developing unigenes database. The study applied modern technologies, such as, normalization and next-generation sequencing. It overall sequenced 8,308,655,800 nucleotides and generated 26,048 unigenes amongst which 12,302 were annotated and 8,817 were characterized. The remainder, 13,746 (52.77 %) unigenes, had unknown functions. These results will be applied as the reference transcriptome sequences for expanded transcriptome sequencing of the remaining three peanut botanical types (Valencia, Runner, and Virginia), which is currently in progress, RNA-seq, exome identification, and genomic markers development. It will also provide important tools and resources for other legumes and plant species genomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Education, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA.
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Huang J, Yan L, Lei Y, Jiang H, Ren X, Liao B. Expressed sequence tags in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea): discovery of genes in seed development and response to Ralstonia solanacearum challenge. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2012; 125:755-69. [PMID: 22648474 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although an important oil crop, peanut has only 162,030 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) publicly available, 86,943 of which are from cultivated plants. More ESTs from cultivated peanuts are needed for isolation of stress-resistant, tissue-specific and developmentally important genes. Here, we generated 63,234 ESTs from our 5 constructed peanut cDNA libraries of Ralstonia solanacearum challenged roots, R. solanacearum challenged leaves, and unchallenged cultured peanut roots, leaves and developing seeds. Among these ESTs, there were 14,547 unique sequences with 7,961 tentative consensus sequences and 6,586 singletons. Putative functions for 47.8 % of the sequences were identified, including transcription factors, tissue-specific genes, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and oil formation regulation, and resistance gene analogue genes. Additionally, differentially expressed genes, including those involved in ethylene and jasmonic acid signal transduction pathways, from both peanut leaves and roots, were identified in R. solanacearum challenged samples. This large expression dataset from different peanut tissues will be a valuable source for marker development and gene expression analysis. It will also be helpful for finding candidate genes for fatty acid synthesis and oil formation regulation as well as for studying mechanisms of interactions between the peanut host and R. solanacearum pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Furlan A, Llanes A, Luna V, Castro S. Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress and Subsequent Rehydration in the Symbiotic Association Peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/318083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development and limit its production. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agriculturally valuable plant with widespread distribution in the world serving as a subsistence food crop as well as a source of various food products. The aims of this work were to evaluate growth and nodulation as well as some physiological and biochemical stress indicators in response to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144. Drought stress affected peanut growth reducing shoot dry weight, nodule number, and dry weight as well as nitrogen content, but root dry weight increased reaching a major exploratory surface. Besides, this severe water stress induced hydrogen peroxide production associated with lipid and protein damage; however, the plant was able to increase soluble sugar and abscisic acid contents as avoidance strategies to cope with drought stress. These physiological and biochemical parameters were completely reversed upon rehydration, in a short period of time, in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. Thus, the results provided in this work constitute the initial steps of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and rehydration in this nodulated legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Furlan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, Río Cuarto, 5800 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía Llanes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, Río Cuarto, 5800 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Luna
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, Río Cuarto, 5800 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km. 601, Río Cuarto, 5800 Córdoba, Argentina
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48
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Augusto J, Brenneman TB. Assessing Systemicity of Peanut Fungicides Through Bioassay of Plant Tissues with Sclerotium rolfsii. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:330-337. [PMID: 30727121 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-11-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To better understand movement of systemic fungicides in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), three terminal, fully expanded leaves of primary lateral branches of 'Tifrunner' peanut were treated with prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Provost, 0.29 kg a.i./ha), azoxystrobin (Abound, 0.31 kg a.i./ha), or flutolanil (Moncut, 0.79 kg a.i./ha) in field experiments. Basipetal leaves and pods on the same branch with the treated leaves were sequentially numbered from 1 to 3, with 1 being closest to treated foliage. These nontreated tissues, with newly formed terminal leaves, were sampled 4, 8, and 12 days after treatment for bioassay with Sclerotium rolfsii. All fungicides protected new acropetal leaves while prothioconazole + tebuconazole also provided some inhibition of S. rolfsii in nontreated basipetal leaves but no fungicide protected pods. In the greenhouse, applications of prothioconazole + tebuconazole or prothioconazole (Proline, 0.18 kg a.i./ha) to main stems of 'Georgia Green' provided some protection to leaves from nontreated cotyledonary branches sampled 14 days after last treatment but S. rolfsii was not inhibited on nontreated roots, stems, or pods. The results demonstrate acropetal protection by all fungicides evaluated, and indicate that prothioconazole + tebuconazole or prothioconazole applied to foliage can sometimes reduce diseases in the lower, nontreated portions of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Augusto
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793
| | - T B Brenneman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793
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Fonceka D, Tossim HA, Rivallan R, Vignes H, Faye I, Ndoye O, Moretzsohn MC, Bertioli DJ, Glaszmann JC, Courtois B, Rami JF. Fostered and left behind alleles in peanut: interspecific QTL mapping reveals footprints of domestication and useful natural variation for breeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:26. [PMID: 22340522 PMCID: PMC3312858 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploidy can result in genetic bottlenecks, especially for species of monophyletic origin. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid harbouring limited genetic diversity, likely resulting from the combined effects of its single origin and domestication. Peanut wild relatives represent an important source of novel alleles that could be used to broaden the genetic basis of the cultigen. Using an advanced backcross population developed with a synthetic amphidiploid as donor of wild alleles, under two water regimes, we conducted a detailed QTL study for several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation as well as domestication. RESULTS A total of 95 QTLs were mapped in the two water treatments. About half of the QTL positive effects were associated with alleles of the wild parent and several QTLs involved in yield components were specific to the water-limited treatment. QTLs detected for the same trait mapped to non-homeologous genomic regions, suggesting differential control in subgenomes as a consequence of polyploidization. The noteworthy clustering of QTLs for traits involved in seed and pod size and in plant and pod morphology suggests, as in many crops, that a small number of loci have contributed to peanut domestication. CONCLUSION In our study, we have identified QTLs that differentiated cultivated peanut from its wild relatives as well as wild alleles that contributed positive variation to several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation. These findings offer novel opportunities for peanut improvement using wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fonceka
- Cirad, UMR AGAP, TA A108/3, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier F-34398, France
| | | | - Ronan Rivallan
- Cirad, UMR AGAP, TA A108/3, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier F-34398, France
| | - Hélène Vignes
- Cirad, UMR AGAP, TA A108/3, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier F-34398, France
| | - Issa Faye
- ISRA/Ceraas, Route de Khombole, BP 3320, Thiès Escale, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Ndoye
- ISRA/Ceraas, Route de Khombole, BP 3320, Thiès Escale, Senegal
| | - Márcio C Moretzsohn
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, CEP 70.770-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - David J Bertioli
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário, CEP 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Brigitte Courtois
- Cirad, UMR AGAP, TA A108/3, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier F-34398, France
| | - Jean-François Rami
- Cirad, UMR AGAP, TA A108/3, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier F-34398, France
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50
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Balota M, McGrath S, Isleib TG, Tallury S. Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Field Grown Peanut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3146/ps11-13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Water deficit, i.e., rainfall amounts and distribution, is the most common abiotic stress that limits peanut production worldwide. Even though extensive research efforts have been made to improve drought tolerance in peanut, performance of genotypes largely depends upon the environment in which they grow. Based on greenhouse experiments, it has been hypothesized that stomata closure under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a mechanism of soil water conservation and it has been shown that genotypic variation for the response of transpiration rate to VPD in peanut exists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and VPD for field grown peanut in Virginia-Carolina (VC) rainfed environments. In 2009, thirty virginia-type peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for gs at several times before and after rain events, including a moisture stress episode. In 2010, eighteen genotypes were evaluated for gs under soil water deficit. In 2009, VPD ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 kPa and in 2010 from 1.78 to 3.57 kPa. Under water deficit, genotype and year showed a significant effect on gs (P = 0.0001), but the genotype × year interaction did not. During the water deficit episodes while recorded gs values were relatively high, gs was negatively related to VPD (R2 = 0.57, n = 180 in 2009; R2 = 0.47, n = 108 in 2010), suggesting that stomata closure is indeed a water conservation mechanism for field grown peanut. However, a wide range of slopes among genotype were observed in both years. Genotypes with significant negative relationships of gs and VPD under water deficit in both years were Florida Fancy, Gregory, N04074FCT, NC-V11, and VA-98R. While Florida Fancy, Gregory, and NC-V11 are known to be high yielding cultivars, VA-98R and line N04074FCT are not. The benefit of stomatal closure during drought episodes in the VC environments is further discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balota
- Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech
| | - Steve McGrath
- Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech
| | | | - Shyam Tallury
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University
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