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Ravichandran B, Sanniyasi E, Govindasamy Kuppusamy S, Perumal P. Onco-therapeutic Effect of Novel Triterpenoid Compound Oleanolic Acid Isolated and Characterized from the Methanolic Extract of Coldenia procumbens (Linn.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04959-7. [PMID: 38683454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
India is considered a hub for a wide range of phytochemicals due to its rich biodiversity, which indeed flourished with many folk medicines and treatments. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites synthesized in plants to protect themselves from deteriorating environmental stress and defense against pathogens. In the present study, we aimed to explore the strong anticancer potential of the bioactive compound present in the leaf extract of Coldenia procumbens (L.). The bioactive compound oleanolic acid was first time reported in the plant and was successfully isolated, characterized with various spectroscopic analyses. The in vitro study results explored that oleanolic acid has shown a potent cytotoxic effect against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with a low IC50 value (40.66μg/mL) and induced apoptotic cell death. Overall, the present findings clearly demonstrated that the natural triterpenoid compound oleanolic acid isolated from C. procumbens showed a potent cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells and explored the strong anticancer potential against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elumalai Sanniyasi
- Department of Botany, Tamil Nadu Open University, Chennai, 600015, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai, 600025, India.
| | | | - Parthasarathi Perumal
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600005, India
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Paudel S, Mishra N, Agarwal R. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Molecules in Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1652. [PMID: 38139779 PMCID: PMC10746110 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural plant-derived products that provide significant nutrition, essential biomolecules, and flavor as part of our diet. They have long been known to confer protection against several diseases via their anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, anti-microbial, and several other properties. Deciphering the role of phytochemicals in the prevention, inhibition, and treatment of cancer-unrestrained cell proliferation due to the loss of tight regulation on cell growth and replication-has been the focus of recent research. Particularly, the immunomodulatory role of phytochemicals, which is pivotal in unchecked cell proliferation and metastasis, has recently been studied extensively. The immune system is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment, and it plays essential roles in both preventing and promoting oncogenesis. Immunomodulation includes stimulation, amplification, or inactivation of some stage(s) of the immune response. Phytochemicals and their products have demonstrated immune regulation, such as macrophage migration, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, lymphocyte, T-cell, and cytokine stimulation, natural killer cell augmentation, and NFκB, TNF, and apoptosis regulation. There is a dearth of extensive accounts of the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals in cancer; thus, we have compiled these effects with mechanistic aspects of dietary phytochemicals in cancer, highlighting promising candidates and ongoing clinical trials on immunotherapeutic strategies to mitigate oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.P.); (N.M.)
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LI X, DUAN Z, YUE J, ZHANG Y, LI Y, LIU S, NIE Q, YANG D, ZHANG L. Bornyl acetate extracted from Sharen () inhibits proliferation, invasion and induces apoptosis by suppressing phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling in colorectal cancer. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:1081-1091. [PMID: 37946470 PMCID: PMC10623251 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231018.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antitumor effects of bornyl acetate (BA) isolated from Sharen (Fructus Amomi) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS SW480 and HT29 cells were treated with increasing doses of BA in order to determine its antitumor effects in vitro. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, and apoptosis as well as migration and invasion were assessed using various assays. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effects of BA were assessed using a xenograft mouse model. We then assessed the mechanism of action of BA by conducting pathway activator-mediated rescue experiments and assessed the protein levels by Western blot analysis. RESULTS BA showed anti-CRC tumor activities in vitro by suppressing cell proliferation and colony formation, inducing apoptosis, blocking cell cycle, and inhibiting migration and invasion. These effects were mediated via suppression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. In the tumor xenograft experiment, BA was found to repress tumor growth in vivo with low toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that BA exerts antitumor effects by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway, with low toxicity. Thus, BA might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua LI
- 1 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Apllied Science, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Zhihang DUAN
- 1 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Apllied Science, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Jianjun YUE
- 1 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Apllied Science, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yongyu ZHANG
- 1 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Apllied Science, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yihang LI
- 2 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Shifang LIU
- 2 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Qu NIE
- 1 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Apllied Science, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Depo YANG
- 2 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Lixia ZHANG
- 3 Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Jinghong 666100, China
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Sun GY, Lin TN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phytochemical Components of Clinacanthus nutans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113607. [PMID: 35684542 PMCID: PMC9182488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of Clinacanthus nutans suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of C. nutans extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of C. nutans extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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Kaewmeesri P, Kukongviriyapan V, Prawan A, Kongpetch S, Senggunprai L. Cucurbitacin B Diminishes Metastatic Behavior of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Suppressing Focal Adhesion Kinase. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:219-225. [PMID: 33507702 PMCID: PMC8184164 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor with aggressive metastatic property resulted from dysregulation of metastasis-regulated signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cucurbitacin B on metastatic behavior of CCA cells through modulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein. METHODS KKU-452 cells were treated with a specific FAK inhibitor, FAK inhibitor-14, or cucurbitacin B at various concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by sulforhodamine B assay. The migratory and invasive abilities of the cells were investigated using wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The fibronectin-coated plate was used for adhesion assay. The effects of the test compounds on FAK activation and the expression of metastasis-associated proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. The amount of MMP-9 was evaluated using a commercial ELISA Kit. RESULTS FAK inhibitor-14 and cucurbitacin B at concentrations which minimally affected KKU-452 cell viability could suppress FAK activation, evidently by decreased level of phospho-FAK protein after exposure to the compound. At these conditions, cucurbitacin B suppressed metastatic behavior including migration, invasion and adhesion abilities of CCA cells similar to FAK inhibitor-14. Further molecular studies demonstrated that FAK inhibitor-14 and cucurbitacin B downregulated the expression of metastasis-associated proteins including MMP-9, ICAM-1 and VEGF. Consequently, exposure to cucurbitacin B inhibited the production of MMP-9 enzyme in CCA cells similar to FAK inhibitor-14 treatment. CONCLUSION FAK participated in regulation of metastatic behavior of KKU-452 CCA cells. Cucurbitacin B suppressed FAK activation in the cells which was associated with inhibition of metastasis essential steps and their related metastatic proteins. The compound may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for CCA metastasis therapy. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Ahmad S, Elnour AAM. Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study aimed to qualitatively screen the crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract (IL-GFE) phytochemical composition, assess its acute toxicity and determine the lethal concentrations using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. IL-GFE contains acetogenins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Acute toxicity effects of IL-GFE on zebrafish embryos were observed from 24 to 120 hours of post fertilisation (hpf). The survival rate, LC50, sublethal endpoints and effect of IL-GFE on the heart rate of zebrafish larvae were assessed. Results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of the crude IL-GFE was 173.45 μg/mL. Interestingly, no significant changes on the morphology of the treated zebrafish were observed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. However, the heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf was significantly decreased by 33.76% after treated with crude IL-GFE at 125 µg/mL (119.00 ± 4.72 beats/min) as compared to the untreated group (179.67 ± 4.66 beats/min). This preliminary finding showed that crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract and its phytoconstituents might have the potential to be developed as a food supplement or herbal product. However, further tests need to be conducted to evaluate its medicinal properties and adverse effects on organisms of higher orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak. 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A. M. Elnour
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak. 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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