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Amid A, Mahpodz ZA, Abdullah A. Stress Monitoring Device and its Future Direction. imjm 2023. [DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i2.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress and mental health have become a global concern as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review highlights the technologies applied to stress monitoring with up-to -date literature on psychological and behavioural evaluation for stress detection. The working principle and potential of these stress identifiers, particularly physiological signals are explored. Researchers have been directing their interest in producing reliable and wearable devices to detect and prevent stress and panic attacks. The breakthrough of biochemical-near-infrared stress monitoring devices will facilitate medical practitioners in the early detection of stress and panic attacks. The review seeks to explore the types of methods used to detect stress as well as the pros and cons of the available technology while providing a new solution for future implications of stress monitoring detection devices.
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Binomar HMR, Biggs C, Yang C, Amid A, Schraeder D, Guttman O. A227 CTLA-4 DEFICIENCY PRESENTING AS CROHN DISEASE IN A TEENAGE BOY WITH MULTI-SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT : A CASE REPORT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991174 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 is a negative immune regulator. CTLA-4 deficiency can cause a complex immune dysregulation syndrome that may present as inflammatory bowel disease. Purpose Case Description: A 14-year-old male presented with several years of abdominal pain, diarrhea, short stature and poor weight gain. Endocolonoscopy diagnosed Crohn disease, with patchy chronic colitis, an ileal granuloma and active duodenitis with intraepithelial lymphocytosis and villous blunting. MRE showed multiple abnormal small bowel loops. Past history included appendicitis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura and an episode each of Aeromonas, Y enterocolitica and C difficile colitis. Family history was negative for consanguinity, autoimmune conditions or immune defects. The patient received sulfasalazine, exclusive enteral nutrition and then budesonide MMX with limited response. His pre-biologic workup identified bilateral pulmonary nodules, which were negative for infection or malignancy on further investigation. He began Adalimumab, and after 2 months had nearly normalized his fecal calprotectin to 90 ug/g. His history, together with chronic neutropenia and hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG 3.3 g/L, IgA 0.29g/L) led to a comprehensive immune and cytopenia panel, which revealed heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CTLA4 gene c.424G>C, p.(Gly142Arg), associated with CTLA-4 deficiency related immunodeficiency. Parental testing was negative, indicating a de novo mutation. The patient was subsequently admitted to hospital with severe headache and transient aphasia. Brain MRI found hyperintense foci concerning for CTLA-4 deficiency-associated CNS inflammation. He had papilledema and lumbar puncture found increased ICP. During this admission he developed Salmonella sepsis. Repeat chest CT found extensive worsening multifocal parenchymal lesions. Extensive investigations to exclude malignancy or infection were negative, and the lung findings were felt to be Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease. He had elevated soluble IL-2 receptor level (2884 U/ml) and elevated CD4+PD1+ T cells in peripheral blood. Adalimumab was stopped, and he received IVIg, then Diamox with resolution of headache, followed by pulse methylprednisolone. He has since been maintained on Abatacept (a soluble CTLA-4 analog that inhibits T-cell activation). Follow up soluble IL2 receptor level was normal. PJP prophylaxis was started, as well as prophylactic dosing of IVIg and regular screening for EBV and CMV. Method - Result(s) - Conclusion(s) Discussion: Our patient had CTLA-4 deficiency and immune dysregulation affecting multiple organs (CNS, lung, and intestinal inflammation, autoimmune neutropenia and previous ITP). Abatacept is the preferred steroid-sparing treatment of enteropathy in CTLA-4 deficiency. Soluble IL2 receptor level is an indicator of T cell activation used for treatment monitoring. This case illustrates the importance of considering immune defects even in older children presenting with apparent IBD. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared INTESTINAL DISORDERS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Biggs
- Pediatrics - Allergy & Immunology
| | | | | | - D Schraeder
- Neurology , British Columbia Children's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
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Amid A, Salleh F, Nordin NFH. In Vitro Study on Collagen Application in Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. imjm 2022. [DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v21i4.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is key component of extracellular matrix for human and animals. It can be extracted and applied for various field especially in tissue engineering as main component for wound healing. Collagen especially type I collagen is used in skin regeneration process due to its high compatibility with donor site and low antigenicity besides of having suitable properties for wound healing like high cell proliferation and adhesion. However, the usage of collagen alone would not give maximum wound healing since collagen degrades faster, has poor structure for a scaffold and attracts bacteria due to high moisture content. Therefore, to produce a good collagen scaffold, it must be incorporated with functional biomaterials to enhance the characteristic of the collagen and fabricated for a better scaffold structure. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the relevant literature for in vitro study on collagen application in wound healing by focusing on the source of collagen, biomaterials and fabrication methods used in making collagen scaffold. Three databases were searched; PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. Keywords used were: collagen, recombinant collagen, collagen scaffold, application and wound healing. A total of 1105 were articles screened but only 50 articles were suitable and were further reviewed. Collagen in wound healing study has versatility in terms of the source of collagen used, the biomaterials combined with the collagen to make an enhanced scaffold, and the fabrication methods to create a desirable structure of collagen scaffold.
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Hasni MH, Sulaiman S, Jimat DN, Amid A. Kinetics of microwave-assisted extraction of virgin coconut oil from solid coconut waste. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2047662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Haffizi Hasni
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulaiman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dzun Noraini Jimat
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
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Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Abdullah Sani MS, Elnour AAM. Evaluation of metabolomics behavior of human colon cancer HT29 cell lines treated with ionic liquid graviola fruit pulp extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113813. [PMID: 33444719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have been used by indigenous people across the world for centuries to help individuals preserve their wellbeing and cure diseases. Annona muricata L. (Graviola) which is belonging to the Annonaceae family has been traditionally used due to its medicinal abilities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cancer cell growth inhibition. Graviola is claimed to be a potential antitumor due to its selective cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. However, the metabolic mechanism information underlying the anticancer activity remains limited. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of ionic liquid-Graviola fruit pulp extract (IL-GPE) on the metabolomics behavior of colon cancer (HT29) by using an untargeted GC-TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multivariate data analysis was used to determine the metabolic profiling, and the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to predict the altered canonical pathways after treating the HT29 cells with crude IL-GPE and Taxol (positive control). RESULTS The principal components analysis (PCA) identified 44 metabolites with the most reliable factor loading, and the cluster analysis (CA) separated three groups of metabolites: metabolites specific to the non-treated HT29 cells, metabolites specific to the treated HT29 cells with the crude IL-GPE and metabolites specific to Taxol treatment. Pathway analysis of metabolomic profiles revealed an alteration of many metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, urea cycle and ketone bodies metabolism that contribute to energy metabolism and cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The crude IL-GPE can be one of the promising anticancer agents due to its selective inhibition of energy metabolism and cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Konsortium Institut Halal IPT Malaysia, Ministry of Higher Education, Block E8, Complex E, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62604, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A M Elnour
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Medicinal plants become very important in our days for their therapeutic benefits to humankind. It sustains human health, and it is commonly known as herbal medicines since ancient times. Annona muricata is a heart-shaped fruit that is consumed raw or as the fruit juice in the tropical area. A. muricata is used in traditional and alternative medicine to treat different ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, respiratory and skin illness, inflammation and cancer. A. muricata contains essential anticancer agents named acetogenins that play the significant role in various cancer types. Acetogenins are strong nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase inhibitors of the cancer cell's mitochondrial membrane but showed neurotoxic effects in rats. Therefore, acetogenins need to be further investigated to determine the exact mechanisms of action, long-term safety, optimal dosage, and potential side effects. Given the extensive studies on A. muricata, this review focuses on the phytochemistry, medicinal uses, biological activities and the mechanisms of action for the fruit extracts and acetogenins, to stimulate further studies on the fruit pulp used for human consumption.
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Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Ahmad S, Elnour AAM. Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study aimed to qualitatively screen the crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract (IL-GFE) phytochemical composition, assess its acute toxicity and determine the lethal concentrations using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. IL-GFE contains acetogenins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Acute toxicity effects of IL-GFE on zebrafish embryos were observed from 24 to 120 hours of post fertilisation (hpf). The survival rate, LC50, sublethal endpoints and effect of IL-GFE on the heart rate of zebrafish larvae were assessed. Results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of the crude IL-GFE was 173.45 μg/mL. Interestingly, no significant changes on the morphology of the treated zebrafish were observed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. However, the heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf was significantly decreased by 33.76% after treated with crude IL-GFE at 125 µg/mL (119.00 ± 4.72 beats/min) as compared to the untreated group (179.67 ± 4.66 beats/min). This preliminary finding showed that crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract and its phytoconstituents might have the potential to be developed as a food supplement or herbal product. However, further tests need to be conducted to evaluate its medicinal properties and adverse effects on organisms of higher orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak. 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A. M. Elnour
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak. 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wan Ali Munawar W, Amid A, Abdullah A. Effects of ketogenic diet intervention on selected obese IIUM students during Ramadhan. Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are one of the main problems faced by Malaysian society due to
sedentary lifestyle and high-carbohydrate consumption. A “low glycemic diet” is
suggested as a suitable alternative in preventing obesity, because of its low carbohydrate
intake which can be referred to as Atkins or Ketogenic diet (KD). A case study was
carried out to assess the effect of KD during Ramadan on obese individuals. KD meal
intervention was developed upon consultation with a dietician and tailored for Sahur (a
pre-dawn meal) and Iftar (evening meal for breaking fast). A total of six participants were
involved in this study which consists of 2 groups. A control group of 3 selected obese
male IIUM students received no specific diet, and a study group of 3 selected obese male
IIUM students underwent KD meal intervention. The KD meal intervention was carried
out one week before Ramadan to allow the participants’ body to familiarize with high fat
and low carbohydrate diet. Results showed that most of the selected obese participants
who applied KD meal intervention exhibited satisfactory results in weight and Body Mass
Index (BMI) reduction, steady levels of blood glucose, normal blood pressure levels and
the presence of ketone bodies at a p-value < 0.01. However, the participants in the control
group showed no significant changes at p<0.01 in weight, BMI, blood glucose levels,
blood pressure and not a trace of ketone bodies. The findings of this study indicated that
KD showed a positive effect on obesity control when conducted during Ramadan fasting.
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Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Kabbashi NA, Fuad FAA, Elnour AM, Epandy MAKMS. Antiproliferative activity of ionic liquid-graviola fruit extract against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using flow cytometry techniques. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:466-473. [PMID: 30853648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have been used for ages by indigenous communities around the world to help humankind sustain its health. Graviola (Annona muricata), also called soursop, is a member of the Annonaceae family and is an evergreen plant that is generally distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Graviola tree has a long history of traditional use due to its therapeutic potential including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticide and cytotoxic to tumor cells. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative effects and apoptotic events of the ionic liquid extract of Graviola fruit (IL-GFE) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their cytokinetics behaviour to observe their potential as a therapeutic alternative in cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability assay of the extract was measured using tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) to observe the effects of Graviola fruit extract. Then the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells treated with IL-GFE is observed by plotting the growth curve of the cells. Additionally, the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis mechanism of IL-GFE action on MCF-7 cancer cells were observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS IL-GFE exhibited anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 with the IC50 value of 4.75 μg/mL, compared to Taxol with an IC50 value of 0.99 μg/mL. IL- GFE also reduced the number of cell generations from 3.71 to 1.67 generations compared to 2.18 generations when treated with Taxol. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activities were verified when the growth rate was decreased dynamically from 0.0077 h to 1 to 0.0035 h-1. Observation of the IL-GFE-treated MCF-7 under microscope demonstrated detachment of cells and loss of density. The growth inhibition of the cells by extracts was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and phosphatidylserine externalisation confirms the anti-proliferation through apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS ionic liquid Graviola fruit extract affect the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells by reducing cell viability, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nassereldeen A Kabbashi
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazia A A Fuad
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - AhmedA M Elnour
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P. O. Box 10, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad A K M S Epandy
- Adikafirdaus Resources, Lot 24, Jalan Klebang Selatan, 2/5 Kampung Tersusun, Batu 6 Klebang Selatan, 31200, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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Zakaria KN, Amid A, Zakaria Z, Jamal P, Ismail A. Anti-Proliferative Activity of Triterpenes Isolated from Clinicanthus nutans on Hep-G2 Liver Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:563-567. [PMID: 30803221 PMCID: PMC6897039 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem statement: Clinicanthus nutans has been used by Malaysian since long time ago. It is used to treat many diseases including cancer. Many studies carried out on its crude extract but no clear report on the specific secondary metabolites responsible for its nature in treating selected diseases. Objective: This study aims to confirm the practice carried out by many people on the usage of Clinicanthus nutans in treating cancer. Methods: C. nutans leaves were extracted by methanol. Thin layer chromatography was used to identify the suitable solvent for fractions separation. The fractions were then separated at larger volume using gravity column chromatography. Each fraction was tested on its anti-proliferative activity on Hep-G2 liver cancer cells by MTT assay. The phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the bioactive compound based on qualitative analysis. Results: The fraction 2 (F2) of C. nutans showed the lowest IC50 value of 1.73 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cancer cells, and it is identified as triterpenes. Conclusion: The fraction F2 identified as triterpenes isolated from C. nutans has potential as an anti-proliferative agent against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Najwa Zakaria
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Samad NSA, Amid A. Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria. Multifaceted Protocol in Biotechnology 2018:13-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abd Samad NS, Amid A, Jimat DN, Ab. Shukor NA. Isolation and identification of halophilic bacteria producing halotolerant protease. Sci herit j 2017; 1:7-9. [DOI: 10.26480/gws.01.2017.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Khanahmadi S, Yusof F, Chyuan Ong H, Amid A, Shah H. Cocoa pod husk: A new source of CLEA-lipase for preparation of low-cost biodiesel: An optimized process. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Monsur HA, Jaswir I, Simsek S, Amid A, Alam Z. Chemical structure of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed (Turbinaria turbinata). International Journal of Food Properties 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1211144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ab. Shukor NA, Amid A, Ismail M, Abd Samad NS. ISOLATION OF THERMOTOLERANT BACTERIA PRODUCING FIBRINOLYTIC ENZYME. Jurnal Teknologi 2015; 77. [DOI: 10.11113/jt.v77.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes were widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the efficiency of the commercial enzymes are still lack of perfection because there are many side effects as well as not tolerant to downstream processing such as heat sensitive during spray drying process. Therefore, this study presents newly isolated thermophiles bacteria producing fibrinolytic enzyme. Sample was collected from Hot Spring Selayang at Selayang Selangor. Spread plate agar containing skim milk powder growth at pH 7, 53 for 24 hours was utilized to isolate thermotolerant bacteria producing protease. Further isolation on bacteria producing fibrinolytic enzyme was carried out using fibrin plate. 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify the genotype of the isolates. 27 colonies of thermotolerant bacteria were isolated, however, only 19 of them showing proteolytic activity. All of the 19 isolates are motile and cocci in shapes, with 4 types of arrangement, which are single, diplo (pair), strepto (chain) and staphylo (cluster). HSP04 and HSP11 are gram positive bacteria and others are gram negative. From 19 isolates only 6 were chosen for further analysis. HSP23 showed the highest fibrinolytic activity compared with others. HSP23 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis with 98 % similarity to Bacillus licheniformis DCM 13 and Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580.
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Khanahmadi S, Yusof F, Amid A, Mahmod SS, Mahat MK. Optimized preparation and characterization of CLEA-lipase from cocoa pod husk. J Biotechnol 2014; 202:153-61. [PMID: 25481099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) is easily prepared from crude enzyme and has many advantages to the environment and it is considered as an economic method in the context of industrial biocatalysis compared to free enzyme. In this work, a highly active and stable CLEA-lipase from cocoa pod husk (CPH) which is a by-product after removal of cocoa beans, were assayed for their hydrolytic activity and characterized under the optimum condition successfully. Face centered central composite design (FCCCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was used to get the optimal conditions of the three significant factors (concentration of ammonium sulfate, concentration of glutaraldehyde and concentration of additive) to achieve higher enzyme activity of CLEA. From 20 runs, the highest activity recorded was around 9.407U (83% recovered activity) under the condition of using 20% saturated ammonium sulfate, 60mM glutaraldehyde as cross-linker and 0.17mM bovine serum albumin as feeder. Moreover, the optimal reaction temperature and pH value in enzymatic reaction for both crude enzyme and immobilized were found to be 45°C at pH 8 and 60°C at pH 8.2, respectively. A systematic study of the stability of CLEA and crude enzyme was taken with regards to temperature (25-60°C) and pH (5-10) value and in both factors, CLEA-lipase showed more stability than free lipase. The Km value of CLEA was higher compared to free enzyme (0.55mM vs. 0.08mM). The CLEA retained more than 60% of the initial activity after six cycles of reuse compared to free enzyme. The high stability and recyclability of CLEA-lipase from CPH make it efficient for different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Khanahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Yusof
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Safa Senan Mahmod
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairizal Mahat
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Monsur HA, Jaswir I, Simsek S, Amid A, Alam Z, Tawakalit AH. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide syntheses in LPS induced macrophage by water soluble fractions of brown seaweed. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amid A, Wan Chik WD, Jamal P, Hashim YZHY. Microarray and quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression profiles in response to treatment with tomato leaf extract in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6319-25. [PMID: 23464452 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found cytotoxic effects of tomato leaf extract (TLE) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The aim of this study was to ascertain the molecular mechanisms associated with the usage of TLE as an anticancer agent by microarray analysis using mRNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells after treatment with TLE for 1 hr and 48 hrs. Approximately 991 genes out of the 30,000 genes in the human genome were significantly (p<0.05) changed after the treatment. Within this gene set, 88 were significantly changed between the TLE treated cells and the untreated MCF-7 cells (control cells) with a cut-off fold change >2.00. In order to focus on genes that were involved in cancer cell growth, only twenty-nine genes were selected, either down-regulated or up-regulated after treatment with TLE. Microarray assay results were confirmed by analyzing 10 of the most up and down regulated genes related to cancer cells progression using real-time PCR. Treatment with TLE induced significant up-regulation in the expression of the CRYAB, PIM1, BTG1, CYR61, HIF1-α and CEBP-β genes after 1 hr and 48 hrs, whereas the TXNIP and THBS1 genes were up-regulated after 1 hr of treatment but down-regulated after 48 hrs. In addition both the HMG1L1 and HIST2H3D genes were down-regulated after 1 hr and 48 hrs of treatment. These results demonstrate the potent activity of TLE as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azura Amid
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Khanahmadi S, Yusof F, Amid A, Mahat MK. Optimized preparation and characterization of CLEA-lipase from cocoa pod husk. J Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jaswir I, Monsur HA, Simsek S, Amid A, Alam Z, bin Salleh MN, Tawakalit AH, Octavianti F. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:787-94. [PMID: 25007746 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. All extracts contained high fucose and inhibited NO secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts of P. australis and T. turbinata dosed at 200 μg/mL were able to inhibit NO secretion by > 75%. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays revealed that some extracts were moderately toxic, while others were not. Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwandi Jaswir
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia
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Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZHY. Gene Expression Analysis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Recombinant Bromelain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1618-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZHY. Cytokinetic Study of MCF-7 Cells Treated with Commercial and Recombinant Bromelain. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:6709-14. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hammed AM, Jaswir I, Amid A, Alam Z, Asiyanbi-H TT, Ramli N. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Plants and Algae for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds. Food Reviews International 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2013.818012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Noorbatcha IA, Sultan AM, Salleh HM, Amid A. Understanding Thermostability Factors of Aspergillus niger PhyA Phytase: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Protein J 2013; 32:309-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mohmad-Saberi SE, Hashim YZHY, Mel M, Amid A, Ahmad-Raus R, Packeer-Mohamed V. Metabolomics profiling of extracellular metabolites in CHO-K1 cells cultured in different types of growth media. Cytotechnology 2012. [PMID: 23179090 DOI: 10.1007/s10616‐012‐9508‐4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient mammalian cell system for producing bioproducts should retain high cell viability and efficient use of energy sources rendering the need to understand the effects of various variables on the cell system. In this study, global metabolite (metabolomics) analysis approach was used to try and understand the relationships between types of media used, culture growth behavior and productivity. CHO-KI cells producing IGF-1 were obtained from ATCC and grown in T-flask (37 °C, 5 % CO2) until 70-80 % confluent in RPMI 1640 and Ham's F12, respectively. Samples were taken at 8-hourly intervals for routine cell counting, biochemical responses, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein concentration and global metabolite analysis (gas chromatography mass spectrometry, GCMS). Conditioned media from each time point were spun down before injection into GCMS. Data from GCMS were then transferred to SIMCA-P + Version 12 for chemometric evaluation using principal component analysis. The results showed that while routine analysis gave only subtle differences between the media, global metabolite analysis was able to clearly separate the culture based on growth media with growth phases as confounding factor. Different types of media also appeared to affect IGF-1 production. Asparagine was found to be indicative of healthiness of cells and production of high IGF-1. Meanwhile identification of ornithine and lysine in death phase was found to be associated with apoptosis and oversupplied nutrient respectively. Using the biomarkers revealed in the study, several bioprocessing strategies including medium improvement and in-time downstream processing can be potentially implemented to achieve efficient CHO culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salfarina Ezrina Mohmad-Saberi
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mohmad-Saberi SE, Hashim YZHY, Mel M, Amid A, Ahmad-Raus R, Packeer-Mohamed V. Metabolomics profiling of extracellular metabolites in CHO-K1 cells cultured in different types of growth media. Cytotechnology 2012. [PMID: 23179090 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient mammalian cell system for producing bioproducts should retain high cell viability and efficient use of energy sources rendering the need to understand the effects of various variables on the cell system. In this study, global metabolite (metabolomics) analysis approach was used to try and understand the relationships between types of media used, culture growth behavior and productivity. CHO-KI cells producing IGF-1 were obtained from ATCC and grown in T-flask (37 °C, 5 % CO2) until 70-80 % confluent in RPMI 1640 and Ham's F12, respectively. Samples were taken at 8-hourly intervals for routine cell counting, biochemical responses, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein concentration and global metabolite analysis (gas chromatography mass spectrometry, GCMS). Conditioned media from each time point were spun down before injection into GCMS. Data from GCMS were then transferred to SIMCA-P + Version 12 for chemometric evaluation using principal component analysis. The results showed that while routine analysis gave only subtle differences between the media, global metabolite analysis was able to clearly separate the culture based on growth media with growth phases as confounding factor. Different types of media also appeared to affect IGF-1 production. Asparagine was found to be indicative of healthiness of cells and production of high IGF-1. Meanwhile identification of ornithine and lysine in death phase was found to be associated with apoptosis and oversupplied nutrient respectively. Using the biomarkers revealed in the study, several bioprocessing strategies including medium improvement and in-time downstream processing can be potentially implemented to achieve efficient CHO culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salfarina Ezrina Mohmad-Saberi
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Amid A, Lytovchenko A, Fernie AR, Warren G, Thorlby GJ. The sensitive to freezing3 mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana is a cold-sensitive allele of homomeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase that results in cold-induced cuticle deficiencies. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:5289-99. [PMID: 22791831 PMCID: PMC3431002 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The sfr3 mutation causes freezing sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mapping, sequencing, and transgenic complementation showed sfr3 to be a missense mutation in ACC1, an essential gene encoding homomeric (multifunctional) acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Cuticle permeability was compromised in the sfr3 mutant when plants were grown in the cold but not in the warm. Wax deposition on the inflorescence stem of cold-grown sfr3 plants was inhibited and the long-chain components of their leaf cuticular wax were reduced compared with wild-type plants. Thus, freezing sensitivity of sfr3 appears, from these results, to be due to cuticular deficiencies that develop during cold acclimation. These observations demonstrated the essential role of the cuticle in tolerance to freezing and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azura Amid
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX UK
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Muntari B, Amid A, Mel M, Jami MS, Salleh HM. Recombinant bromelain production in Escherichia coli: process optimization in shake flask culture by response surface methodology. AMB Express 2012; 2:12. [PMID: 22336426 PMCID: PMC3293749 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain, a cysteine protease with various therapeutic and industrial applications, was expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21-AI clone, under different cultivation conditions (post-induction temperature, L-arabinose concentration and post-induction period). The optimized conditions by response surface methodology using face centered central composite design were 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 25°C. The analysis of variance coupled with larger value of R2 (0.989) showed that the quadratic model used for the prediction was highly significant (p < 0.05). Under the optimized conditions, the model produced bromelain activity of 9.2 U/mg while validation experiments gave bromelain activity of 9.6 ± 0.02 U/mg at 0.15% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 27°C. This study had innovatively developed cultivation conditions for better production of recombinant bromelain in shake flask culture.
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Amid A, Samah NA, Yusof F. Identification of troponin I and actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 as potential biomarkers for hearts of electrically stimulated chickens. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:1. [PMID: 22230661 PMCID: PMC3398311 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods In this study, proteomics methods have been used to study the effects of different currents and voltages used to stun chickens. Protein profiles of chicken hearts were constructed to detect differences in protein expression and modification. The different voltages studied were 10 V, 40 V and 70 V, while the currents examined were 0.25 A, 0.5 A, and 0.75 A. The profiles obtained from these stunning conditions were compared to the non-stunned (0 A, 0 V) sample. Results Proteomics analyses using 2D Platinum ImageMaster 6.0 and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) identified troponin I and alpha cardiac muscle actin 1 in the electrically stimulated heart samples. The overexpression of the proteins was further confirmed at the transcriptional level by Real Time PCR. Conclusion The results from MALDI-TOF and Real Time PCR agreed; therefore, this method for identifying biomarkers of electrically stimulated chicken hearts provides a novel approach for differentiation the hearts of increased electrically stimulated chickens from those of non-stunned chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azura Amid
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P,O, Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lafay-Cousin L, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Amid A, Huang A, Mabbott DJ. Impact of radiation avoidance on survival and neurocognitive outcome in infant medulloblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:21-8. [PMID: 20016743 PMCID: PMC2794676 DOI: 10.3747/co.v16i6.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Concerns about radiotherapy-related neurocognitive sequelae in young children have led to deferral or avoidance of radiation in contemporary treatment for this fragile group of patients. We compared survival and neurocognitive outcome in two groups of infants with medulloblastoma who received adjuvant conventional craniospinal irradiation (csi) or reduced or no radiotherapy during an era of change in the philosophy of infant medulloblastoma treatment. Patients and Methods From 1985 to 2007, 29 patients 3 years of age or younger were diagnosed and treated with curative intent in our institution. Children treated before 1994 received adjuvant radiation with chemotherapy; subsequently, radiation was prescribed essentially for disease progression or relapse. Results Median age at diagnosis was 24 months (range: 1–36 months); 15 patients (52%) presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis. As part of initial treatment, 8 children received adjuvant radiotherapy with chemotherapy, and 21 children received postoperative chemotherapy only. Five children treated with chemotherapy alone are in prolonged remission. The 5-year event-free and overall survivals were 35.9% ± 9.8% and 50.2% ± 9.6% respectively. Extent of resection, metastatic status, and desmoplastic histology were not found to be significant prognostic factors. On serial neurocognitive evaluations, patients treated with chemotherapy with or without reduced radiotherapy demonstrated improvement of intellectual function over time. Patients treated with conventional csi exhibited significantly lower intelligence quotient scores and academic performance, with the exception of receptive vocabulary. Conclusions Avoidance of conventional csi in treatment of very young children with medulloblastoma appears to be associated with a preserved neurocognitive profile. Neurocognitive evaluation should be integrated into the primary objectives of future infant protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lafay-Cousin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB.
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Chik WW, Amid A, Jamal P. Purification and Cytotoxicity Assay of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculen tum) Leaves Methanol Extract as Potential Anticancer Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.3283.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Amid A, Salim R, Adenan M. The Factors Affecting the Extraction Condition for Neuroprotective Activity of Centella asiatica Evaluated by Metal Chelating Activity Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.837.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eshghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Hospital, Zahedan Medical University, Zahedan, Iran
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Aznarez S, Amid A, de Ruiz Holgado M, Arancibia E. Empirical viscous coefficients of dilute solutions of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether in 2-propanol and in 2-butanol at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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