1
|
Morandi S, Silvetti T, Lopreiato V, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E, Brasca M. Biodiversity and antibiotic resistance profile provide new evidence for a different origin of enterococci in bovine raw milk and feces. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104492. [PMID: 38431334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci are widely distributed in dairy sector. They are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, thus, via fecal contamination, could reach raw milk and dairy products. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate the enterococcal diversity in cow feces and milk samples and 2) to evaluate the antibiotic resistance (AR) of dairy-related enterococci and their ability to transfer resistance genes. E. faecalis (59.9%), E. faecium (18.6%) and E. lactis (12.4%) were prevalent in milk, while E. faecium (84.2%) and E. hirae (15.0%) were dominant in bovine feces. RAPD-PCR highlighted a high number of Enterococcus biotypes (45 from milk and 37 from feces) and none of the milk strains exhibited genetic profiles similar to those of feces biotypes. A high percentage of enterococci isolated from milk (71%) were identified as multidrug resistant and resistance against streptomycin and tetracycline were widespread among milk strains while enterococci from feces were commonly resistant to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Only E. faecalis strains were able to transfer horizontally the tetM gene to Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Our results indicated that Enterococcus biotypes from milk and bovine feces belong to different community and the ability of these microorganisms to transfer AR genes is strain-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goi A, Costa A, De Marchi M. The ability of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer for a rapid quality assessment of bovine colostrum including the Ig G concentration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00493-4. [PMID: 38395397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Portable infrared-based instruments have made significant contributions in different research fields. Within the dairy supply chain, for example, most of portable devices are based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and are nowadays an important support for farmers and operators of the dairy sector, allowing fast decision-making, particularly for feed and milk quality evaluation and animal health and welfare monitoring. The affordability, portability, and ease of use of these innovative devices have been pivotal factors for the implementation in dairy farms. In fact, pocket-sized devices enable non-expert users to perform quick, low cost and non-destructive analysis on various samples without complex preparation. As bovine colostrum (BC) quality is mostly given by the Ig G (IgG) level, evaluating the ability of portable NIRS tools to measure antibodies concentration is advisable. In this study we used the wireless device SCiO manufactured by Consumer Physics Inc. (Tel Aviv, Israel) to collect BC spectra and then attempt to predict IgG concentration and gross and fine composition in individual samples collected as soon as possible after calving (<6 h) in primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows farmed in 9 Italian farms. Chemometric analyses revealed that SCiO has promising predictive performance for colostral IgG concentration, total Ig concentration, fat, and AA (R2CV ≥ 0.75). Excellent accuracy was observed for dry matter, protein, and S prediction in cross-validation and good prediction ability in external validation (R2CV ≥ 0.93; R2V ≥ 0.82). Nonetheless, SCiO's ability to discriminate between good- and low-quality samples was satisfactory. The affordable cost, the accurate predictions, and the user-friendly design coupled with the increased interest in colostrum quality within the dairy sector may boost the collection of extensive BC data for management and genetic purposes in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Westhoff TA, Borchardt S, Mann S. INVITED REVIEW: Nutritional and management factors that influence colostrum production and composition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00034-1. [PMID: 38246551 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Colostrum is a rich source of nutritional and non-nutritional components and is recognized as essential to transfer passive immunity to newborn calves. Because of the individual and seasonal variability in colostrum yield and composition, maintaining an adequate supply of high-quality colostrum year-round remains a challenge for commercial dairy producers. In this narrative review, we described the individual, seasonal, and herd-level variability of colostrum production and summarized the association between individual animal factors such as parity, sex of the calf, calf birth weight, as well as indicators of the cow's metabolic status and the yield and composition of colostrum. Further, we reviewed the current knowledge on the influence of prepartum nutrition and management strategies on colostrum production. Research on the metabolizable energy and protein supplied in the prepartum diet as well as into the inclusion and source of vitamins, minerals, and feed additives suggests prepartum nutrition influences the yield, quality, and composition of colostrum. Furthermore, the prepartum environment and dry period length remain influential factors in the production of colostrum. However, additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which prepartum nutrition and management affects colostrum production. Lastly, time to colostrum harvest and oxytocin administration as well as the current knowledge on the effect of heat-treatment and colostrum storage strategies on colostral components were discussed. To conclude, we identify critical gaps in knowledge for future focus of investigation in colostrum research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Westhoff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853..
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barbosa IDM, Anaya K, Macêdo CS, Coelho RRP, Cipolat-Gotet C, Silva EGDSO, Araújo NG, Chagas BMED, de Oliveira JPF, Boari CA, Sales DC, Araújo EDOM, Neves JA, Rangel AHDN. Characterization of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Cheeses Added with Bovine Colostrum. Foods 2023; 12:4474. [PMID: 38137277 PMCID: PMC10743208 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop fresh and matured cheeses with different bovine colostrum levels, aiming to promote the consumption of dairy products with the addition of colostrum. Four different cheese formulations were produced with a mixture of 0:100, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75, bovine colostrum:milk (v:v), and aged for 0, 10, 20, and 40 days. Milk, colostrum, and fresh and matured cheeses were submitted to physicochemical characterization. Moreover, microbiological quality, yield, texture profile, color, and sensory acceptance of cheese samples were evaluated. Colostrum supplementation favored low acidity, high moisture, a pH range of 5.0-6.2, and water activity of 0.94-99. Sensory attributes and overall evaluation of all cheese formulations achieved an Acceptability Index above 70, indicating good acceptability. Since cheese with colostrum presented the potential to be used as human food, assessing the presence of colostrum bioactive components in those dairy products is a promising goal for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idiana de Macêdo Barbosa
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | - Katya Anaya
- Health Sciences College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 59200-000, RN, Brazil;
| | - Cláudia Souza Macêdo
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | - Robson Rogério Pessoa Coelho
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | | | | | - Nkarthe Guerra Araújo
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | | | | | - Cleube Andrade Boari
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cavalcanti Sales
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | - Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura Araújo
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| | - Josemir Araújo Neves
- Agricultural Research Company of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59062-500, RN, Brazil
| | - Adriano Henrique do Nascimento Rangel
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Macaíba 59280-000, RN, Brazil; (I.d.M.B.); (A.H.d.N.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goi A, De Marchi M, Costa A. Minerals and essential amino acids of bovine colostrum: Phenotypic variability and predictive ability of mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8341-8356. [PMID: 37641330 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum quality and volume are fundamental for calves because it is the primary supplier of antibodies and the first source of energy, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins for the newborn. Assessing the detailed composition (i.e., AA and mineral content) of bovine colostrum (BC) on-line and at a reasonable cost would help dairy stakeholders such as farmers or veterinarians for precision feeding purposes and industries producing preparations containing BC such as foodstuff, supplements, and medicaments. In the present study we evaluated mid- (MIRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction ability for AA and mineral composition of individual BC. Second, we the investigated the major factors affecting the phenotypic variability of such traits also evaluating the correlations with the Ig concentration. Results demonstrated that MIRS and NIRS were able to provide sufficiently accurate predictions for all the AA. The coefficient of determination in external validation (R2V) fell, in fact, within the range of 0.70 to 0.86, with the exception of Ile, His, and Met. Only some minerals reached a sufficient accuracy (i.e., Ca, P, S, and Mg; R2V ≥ 0.66) using MIRS, and also S (R2V = 0.87) using NIRS. Phenotypically, both parity and calving season affected the variability of these BC composition traits. Heifers' colostrum was the one with the greatest concentration of Ca and P, the 2 most abundant minerals. These minerals were however very low in cows calving in summer compared with the rest of the year. The pattern of AA across parities and calving season was not linear, likely because their variability was scarcely (or not) affected by these effects. Finally, samples characterized by high IgG concentration were those presenting on average greater concentration of AA. Findings suggest that infrared spectroscopy has the potential to be used to predict certain AA and minerals, outlining the possibility of implementing on-site analyses for the evaluation of the broad-sense BC quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|