Comparative goldthioglucose effects on goats, sheep, dogs, rats, and mice

Changes in single unit activity in the lateral hypothalamic area of goats during feeding

In order to clarify the location of feeding centers in the ruminant brain, this study used a single-unit activity (SUA) recording electrode to investigate the existence of appetite-regulating neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in goats. Seven male Japanese Saanen goats were used in the experiment. The animals were fed twice daily, once in the morning (1000 to 1200) with 1.5 kg of roughly crushed alfalfa hay cubes, and once in the afternoon (1600 to 1800) with 200 g of commercial ground concentrate feed. The animals were allowed free access to drinking water. In this study, the animals were surgically operated on to position the recording electrode in the LHA. Recordings of SUA were carried out continuously over a 2.25-h period beginning 15 min prior to the commencement of morning feeding. The eating rates of crushed alfalfa hay cubes were highest 10 min after feeding commencement, but decreased sharply by the time 40 min had elapsed. The cumulative feed intake after the completion of the 2-h feeding period was 1164 +/- 38 g. The cumulative water intake upon the conclusion of the 2-h feeding period was 2422 +/- 107 mL. This study recorded 31 units, of which five showed a response to feeding and altered their firing rates. In response to a sharp increase in eating rates, all five units increased their firing rates to a level higher than that of prefeeding (P < 0.05). As the animals reached a level of satiety (eating rates declined to very low levels), firing of units I and II stopped completely, while the firing rates of units III, IV, and V decreased. Examination of a serial histological section confirmed that the five units in which changes in firing rates with feeding were observed were all located in the dorsolateral hypothalamic area close to the fornix. The LHA neurons recorded in this experiment characteristically showed neuronal activity increases at high levels of feeding, but decreases at low levels. The results suggest that there are cells located in the LHA of goats that are active in the physiological regulation of hay (dry forage) intake.

Intraventricular glucose administration inhibits feeding in satiated but not in 24 hours food deprived cocks

Injection of 5 microliter isotonic glucose into the third ventricle above the basal hypothalamus but not in the posterior hypothalamus-anterior midbrain, suppressed feeding in satiated cocks. This suppression of food intake was less dramatic when glucose was injected after 5 hr of food deprivation and was eliminated if 24 hr of food deprivation preceded the glucose administration. An involvement of a glucostatic mechanism in the regulation of feeding in the chicken is suggested.