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Croft J, Grajeda B, Aguirre LA, Abou-Fadel JS, Ellis CC, Estevao I, Almeida IC, Zhang J. Circulating Blood Prognostic Biomarker Signatures for Hemorrhagic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4740. [PMID: 38731959 PMCID: PMC11084792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are a neurological disorder characterized by enlarged intracranial capillaries in the brain, increasing the susceptibility to hemorrhagic strokes, a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The limited treatment options for CCMs underscore the importance of prognostic biomarkers to predict the likelihood of hemorrhagic events, aiding in treatment decisions and identifying potential pharmacological targets. This study aimed to identify blood biomarkers capable of diagnosing and predicting the risk of hemorrhage in CCM1 patients, establishing an initial set of circulating biomarker signatures. By analyzing proteomic profiles from both human and mouse CCM models and conducting pathway enrichment analyses, we compared groups to identify potential blood biomarkers with statistical significance. Specific candidate biomarkers primarily associated with metabolism and blood clotting pathways were identified. These biomarkers show promise as prognostic indicators for CCM1 deficiency and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, strongly correlating with the likelihood of hemorrhagic cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). This lays the groundwork for further investigation into blood biomarkers to assess the risk of hemorrhagic CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Croft
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA (J.S.A.-F.)
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (B.G.); (I.E.)
| | - Luis A. Aguirre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (B.G.); (I.E.)
| | - Johnathan S. Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA (J.S.A.-F.)
| | - Cameron C. Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (B.G.); (I.E.)
| | - Igor Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (B.G.); (I.E.)
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (B.G.); (I.E.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA (J.S.A.-F.)
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Cogswell PM, Pillai JJ, Lanzino G, Flemming KD. Prevalence of Developmental Venous Anomalies in Association with Sporadic Cavernous Malformations on 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 45:72-75. [PMID: 38123913 PMCID: PMC10756565 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The etiology of sporadic cavernous malformations is not well-understood. However, recent evidence suggests that they may arise from a developmental venous anomaly. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of developmental venous anomalies associated with sporadic cavernous malformations using 7T MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with a sporadic cavernous malformation imaged with 7T MR imaging between August 2019 and July 2022. Two raters determined whether a developmental venous anomaly was associated with each malformation. RESULTS The study included 59 patients with a total of 61 cavernous malformations. Of the sixty-one, 44 (72%) had an associated developmental venous anomaly. An associated anomaly was most common for cavernous malformations in the brainstem (88%) compared with the cerebral hemispheres or cerebellum (60%-67%). CONCLUSIONS By means of high-quality 7T imaging, most patients with a sporadic cavernous malformation were found to have an associated developmental venous anomaly. These findings support the hypothesis that cavernous malformations may arise secondary to hemodynamic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrice M Cogswell
- From the Department of Radiology (P.M.C., J.J.P., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jay J Pillai
- From the Department of Radiology (P.M.C., J.J.P., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- From the Department of Radiology (P.M.C., J.J.P., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelly D Flemming
- Department of Neurology (K.D.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Antonelli V, Maimone G, Fuschillo D, Turrini A, Draghi R, Riccioni L, Calbucci F, Tosatto L. De novo cavernous angiomas associated with developmental venous anomaly: a mini-series and literature review. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:758-766. [PMID: 35301833 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being previously considered as congenital lesions, recent studies agree to classify cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) as acquired forms with clear correlations with other pathological affections of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, a special subgroup, notably known as de novo CCMs (dnCCM), are associated in a significant number of cases with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) and, in other cases, with Radiotherapy treatments. METHODS A mini-series of 4 patients with clinical history characterized by developing dnCCM is reported. In three patients, the dnCCM was associated with the presence of an isolated DVA. In one case, no DVA was detected, but the patient underwent brain radiotherapy. In three cases, the dnCCM was clinically symptomatic, and the patients were submitted to a surgical procedure for lesion removal. In one case, the dnCCM was detected during MRI follow-up. RESULTS Adding a review of the literature, we describe 47 patients who presented dnCCMs. The most common presentation is a sporadic CCM with a DVA, and the onset presentation was bleeding in 4 out of 47 cases (8.5%). Bleeding of dnCCM was observed in 9 out of 47 cases (19%), and the choice treatment was surgical in 24 out of 47 cases (51%). CONCLUSIONS We present our series with a review of the recent literature and discuss the "de novo" cavernous malformation pathogenesis. A throughout review of recent literature is reported to clarify the predisposing factors that may lead to dnCCM development in patients carrying specific genetic and molecular features. Considering the high risk of bleeding, strict follow-up and aggressive treatment should be evaluated in dnCCM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Antonelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maimone
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy -
| | - Dalila Fuschillo
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Draghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Villa Maria Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Luca Riccioni
- Department of Pathology, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Fabio Calbucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Villa Maria Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Luigino Tosatto
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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4
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Riess C, Georgiades I, Fiçilar B, Gallardo EG, Quesada CM, Li Y, Tippelt S, Dohna-Schwake C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Siegel AM, Benet A, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Outcome after conservative or surgical treatment for new-onset epilepsy in children with cerebral cavernous malformation. Seizure 2023; 111:23-29. [PMID: 37494759 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate and compare the outcome of conservatively or surgically treated children with cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) and new-onset CCM-related epilepsy (CRE) during a 5-year period. METHODS In this observational monocentric cohort study, data were collected ambispectivley. Our database was screened for CCM patients treated between 2003 and 2020. Patients ≤18 years of age with complete magnetic resonance imaging dataset, clinical baseline characteristics, and diagnosis of new-onset CRE were included. Definite seizure control was classified as International League Against Epilepsy class <2. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score. CRE patients were separated into two groups according to their treatment modality. Seizure control, intake of antiseizure medication, and functional outcomes were assessed. Systematic literature research was performed to identify other cases of new-onset CRE in children and to compare the collected data with published data. RESULTS Thirty-nine pediatric CRE patients were analyzed. A total of 18 (46.1%) patients were conservatively treated, while 21 (53.8%) underwent surgical CCM removal. While the functional outcome was similar in both groups at the last follow-up, definite seizure control was better in the surgical group (77.8%) than in the conservative group (25.0%) both after 5-years of follow-up (p = 0.038), and at last follow-up with 85.7% versus 50% respectively (p = 0.035). We found substantially higher rates of discontinuation of antiseizure medication at the last available follow-up in patients undergoing surgical resection (p = 0.009). The systematic literature review identified 4 studies with a total of 30 additional children with early onset CRE. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of pediatric patients with new-onset CRE had higher rates of complete seizure control and early discontinuation of antiseizure medication than conservative treatment. Neurological outcomes of patients managed surgically or conservatively were comparable. These results encourage early surgical management of children with CRE even in the absence of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but randomized control trials are urgently needed for further decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Riess
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Iason Georgiades
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Berrin Fiçilar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Enrique G Gallardo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlos M Quesada
- Department for Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Tippelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adrian M Siegel
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnau Benet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Gull HH, Olbrich A, Dinger TF, Darkwah Oppong M, Rieß C, Chen B, Lenkeit A, Schmidt B, Li Y, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Siegel A, Sure U, Dammann P. Natural course of cerebral and spinal cavernous malformations: a complete ten-year follow-up study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15490. [PMID: 37726391 PMCID: PMC10509233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the bleeding risk and the long-term outcome of conservatively treated patients with cavernous malformations (CM) is poor. In this work, we studied the occurrence of CM-associated hemorrhage over a 10-year period and investigated risk factors for bleeding. Our institutional database was screened for patients with cerebral (CCM) or intramedullary spinal cord (ISCM) CM admitted between 2003 and 2021. Patients who underwent surgery and patients without completed follow-up were excluded. Analyses were performed to identify risk factors and to determine the cumulative risk for hemorrhage. A total of 91 CM patients were included. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis identified bleeding at diagnosis (p = 0.039) and CM localization to the spine (p = 0.010) as predictors for (re)hemorrhage. Both risk factors remained independent predictors through Cox regression analysis (p = 0.049; p = 0.016). The cumulative 10-year risk of bleeding was 30% for the whole cohort, 39% for patients with bleeding at diagnosis and 67% for ISCM. During an untreated 10-year follow-up, the probability of hemorrhage increased over time, especially in cases with bleeding at presentation and spinal cord localization. The intensity of such increase may decline throughout time but remains considerably high. These findings may indicate a rather aggressive course in patients with ISCM and may endorse early surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanah H Gull
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelina Olbrich
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thiemo F Dinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rieß
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Lenkeit
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adrian Siegel
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Sui B, Sannananja B, Zhu C, Balu N, Eisenmenger L, Baradaran H, Edjlali M, Romero JM, Rajiah PS, Li R, Mossa-Basha M. Report from the society of magnetic resonance angiography: clinical applications of 7T neurovascular MR in the assessment of intracranial vascular disease. J Neurointerv Surg 2023:jnis-2023-020668. [PMID: 37652689 PMCID: PMC10902184 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications have been rapidly increasing in both clinical research and practice. Indeed, 7-Tesla (7T) MRI allows improved depiction of smaller structures with high signal-to-noise ratio, and, therefore, may improve lesion visualization, diagnostic capabilities, and thus potentially affect treatment decision-making. Incremental evidence emerging from research over the past two decades has provided a promising prospect of 7T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the evaluation of intracranial vasculature. The ultra-high resolution and excellent image quality of 7T MRA allow us to explore detailed morphological and hemodynamic information, detect subtle pathological changes in early stages, and provide new insights allowing for deeper understanding of pathological mechanisms of various cerebrovascular diseases. However, along with the benefits of ultra-high field strength, some challenges and concerns exist. Despite these, ongoing technical developments and clinical oriented research will facilitate the widespread clinical application of 7T MRA in the near future. In this review article, we summarize technical aspects, clinical applications, and recent advances of 7T MRA in the evaluation of intracranial vascular disease. The aim of this review is to provide a clinical perspective for the potential application of 7T MRA for the assessment of intracranial vascular disease, and to explore possible future research directions implementing this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Sui
- Tiantan Neuroimaging Center of Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bhagya Sannananja
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niranjan Balu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vascular Imaging Lab, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Hediyeh Baradaran
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Javier M Romero
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rui Li
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mahmud Mossa-Basha
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vascular Imaging Lab, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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7
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Zhang J, Croft J, Le A. Familial CCM Genes Might Not Be Main Drivers for Pathogenesis of Sporadic CCMs-Genetic Similarity between Cancers and Vascular Malformations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040673. [PMID: 37109059 PMCID: PMC10143507 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are abnormally dilated intracranial capillaries that form cerebrovascular lesions with a high risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Recently, several somatic "activating" gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit p110α) were discovered as a dominant mutation in the lesions of sporadic forms of cerebral cavernous malformation (sCCM), raising the possibility that CCMs, like other types of vascular malformations, fall in the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). However, this possibility has been challenged with different interpretations. In this review, we will continue our efforts to expound the phenomenon of the coexistence of gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in the PIK3CA gene and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in CCM genes in the CCM lesions of sCCM and try to delineate the relationship between mutagenic events with CCM lesions in a temporospatial manner. Since GOF PIK3CA point mutations have been well studied in reproductive cancers, especially breast cancer as a driver oncogene, we will perform a comparative meta-analysis for GOF PIK3CA point mutations in an attempt to demonstrate the genetic similarities shared by both cancers and vascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jacob Croft
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alexander Le
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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8
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Rauschenbach L, Santos AN, Gull HH, Rieß C, Deuschl C, Schmidt B, Darkwah Oppong M, Gembruch O, Özkan N, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Functional impact of multiple bleeding events in patients with conservatively treated spinal cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg Spine 2023; 38:405-411. [PMID: 36401548 DOI: 10.3171/2022.10.spine22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the functional outcome in spinal cavernous malformation (SCM) patients with single or multiple intramedullary hemorrhagic events. METHODS SCM patients who were conservatively treated between 2003 and 2021 and had complete clinical baseline characteristics, an MRI data set, at least one SCM-related intramedullary hemorrhage (IMH), and at least one follow-up examination were included in this study. Functional status was assessed using the modified McCormick Scale score at diagnosis, before and after each bleeding event, and at the last follow-up. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were analyzed. Univariate analysis identified multiple bleeding events as the only statistically significant predictor for an unfavorable functional outcome at the last follow-up (OR 15.28, 95% CI 3.22-72.47; p < 0.001). Patients significantly deteriorated after the first hemorrhage (29.0%, p = 0.006) and even more so after the second hemorrhage (84.6%, p = 0.002). Multiple bleeding events were significantly associated with functional deterioration at the last follow-up (76.9%, p = 0.003). The time between the last IMH and the last follow-up did not influence this outcome. CONCLUSIONS IMH due to SCM is linked to functional worsening. Such outcomes tend to improve after each hemorrhage, but the probability of full recovery declines with each bleeding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurèl Rauschenbach
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Alejandro N Santos
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Hanah H Gull
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rieß
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- 2Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen
| | - Börge Schmidt
- 3Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen; and
| | - Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gembruch
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Neriman Özkan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
- 4Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Gull HH, Dinger TF, Chihi M, Li Y, Tippelt S, Dohna-Schwake C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Functional outcome after initial and multiple intracerebral hemorrhages in children with cerebral cavernous malformations. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1364-1370. [PMID: 36789485 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to assess the course and predictors of functional outcome after single and multiple intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in pediatric patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and to conduct a risk assessment of a third bleed during the first follow-up year after second ICH. METHODS We included patients aged ≤18 years with complete baseline characteristics, a magnetic resonance imaging dataset, ≥1 CCM-related ICH and ≥1 follow-up examination, who were treated between 2003 and 2021. Neurological functional status was obtained using modified Rankin Scale scores at diagnosis, before and after each ICH, and at last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the cumulative 1-year risk of third ICH. RESULTS A total of 55 pediatric patients (median [interquartile range] age 12 [11] years) were analyzed. Univariate analysis identified brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM; p = 0.019) as a statistically significant predictor for unfavorable outcome after second ICH. Outcome after second ICH was significantly worse in 12 patients (42.9%; p = 0.030) than after first ICH and in five patients (55.6%; p = 0.038) after a third ICH compared to a second ICH. Cumulative 12-month risk of rebleeding during the first year after a second ICH was 10.7% (95% confidence interval 2.8%-29.37%). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with a BSCM have a higher risk of worse outcome after second ICH. Functional outcome improves over time after an ICH but worsens following each ICH compared to baseline or previous ICH. Second bleed was associated with neurological deterioration compared to initial ICH, and this deteriorated further after a third ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Hadice Gull
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thiemo Florin Dinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Chihi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Tippelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Rauschenbach L, Santos AN, Dinger TF, Darkwah Oppong M, Li Y, Tippelt S, Dohna-Schwake C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Functional outcome after pediatric cerebral cavernous malformation surgery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2286. [PMID: 36759693 PMCID: PMC9911771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional outcome following surgical resection of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) in pediatric patients. We screened our institutional database of CCM patients treated between 2003 and 2021. Inclusion regarded individuals younger or equal than 18 years of age with complete clinical baseline characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging dataset, and postoperative follow-up time of at least three months. Functional outcome was quantified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and assessed at admission, discharge, and last follow-up examination. The primary endpoint was the postoperative functional outcome. As a secondary endpoint, predictors of postoperative functional deterioration were assessed. A total of 49 pediatric patients with a mean age of 11.3 ± 5.7 years were included for subsequent analyses. Twenty individuals (40.8%) were female. Complete resection of the lesion was achieved in 44 patients (89.8%), and two patients with incomplete resection were referred for successive remnant removal. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 44 months (IQR: 13 - 131). The mean mRS score was 1.6 on admission, 1.7 at discharge, and 0.9 at the latest follow-up. Logistic regression analysis adjusted to age and sex identified brainstem localization (aOR = 53.45 [95%CI = 2.26 - 1261.81], p = .014) as a predictor of postoperative deterioration. This study indicates that CCM removal in children can be regarded as safe and favorable for the majority of patients, depending on lesion localization. Brainstem localization implies a high risk of postoperative morbidity and indication for surgery should be balanced carefully. Minor evidence indicates that second-look surgery for CCM remnants might be safe and favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thiemo F Dinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Tippelt
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Dohna-Schwake
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Gull HH, Olbrich A, Lahl K, Darkwah Oppong M, Dinger TF, Rieß C, Chen B, Lenkeit A, Schmidt B, Li Y, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Central nervous system cavernous malformations: cross-sectional study assessing rebleeding risk after a second haemorrhage. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:144-149. [PMID: 36181703 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the 5-year risk of a third bleeding event in cavernous malformations (CMs) of the central nervous system. METHODS Patients with cerebral or spinal CMs treated between 2003 and 2021 were screened using our institutional database. Patients with a complete magnetic resonance imaging dataset, clinical baseline characteristics, and history of two bleeding events were included. Patients who underwent surgical CM removal were excluded. Neurological functional status was obtained using the modified Rankin Scale score at the second and third bleeding. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5-year risk for a third haemorrhage. RESULTS Forty-two patients were included. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex did not identify risk factors for a third haemorrhage. 37% of patients experienced neurological deterioration after the third haemorrhage (p = 0.019). The cumulative 5-year risk of a third bleeding was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.4%-80%) for the whole cohort, 65.9% (95% CI 49.3%-79.5%) for patients with bleeding at initial diagnosis, 72.7% (95% CI 39.3%-92.7%) for patients with a developmental venous anomaly, 76.9% (95% CI 55.9%-90.3%) for patients with CM localization to the brainstem and 75% (95% CI 50.6%-90.4%) for patients suffering from familial CM disease. CONCLUSIONS During an untreated 5-year follow-up after a second haemorrhage, a significantly increased risk of a third haemorrhage compared to the known risk of a first and second bleeding event was identified. The third bleeding was significantly associated with neurological deterioration. These findings may justify a surgical treatment after a second bleeding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanah Hadice Gull
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelina Olbrich
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lahl
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thiemo F Dinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rieß
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Lenkeit
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Li Z, Ma L, Quan K, Liu P, Shi Y, Liu Y, Zhu W. Rehemorrhage of brainstem cavernous malformations: a benchmark approach to individualized risk and severity assessment. J Neurosurg 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36585870 DOI: 10.3171/2022.11.jns222277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) represent a unique subgroup of cavernous malformations with more hemorrhagic presentation and technical challenges. This study aimed to provide individualized assessment of the rehemorrhage clustering risk of BSCMs after the first symptomatic hemorrhage and to identify patients at higher risk of neurological deterioration after new hemorrhage, which would help in clinical decision-making. METHODS A total of 123 consecutive BSCM patients with symptomatic hemorrhage were identified between 2015 and 2022, with untreated follow-up > 12 months or subsequent hemorrhage during the untreated follow-up. Nomograms were proposed to individualize the assessment of subsequent hemorrhage risk and neurological status (determined by the modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) after future hemorrhage. The least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) regression was used for feature screening. The calibration curve and concordance index (C-index) were used to assess the internal calibration and discrimination performance of the nomograms. Cross-validation was further performed to validate the accuracy of the nomograms. RESULTS Prior hemorrhage times (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.78 per ictus increase) and Zabramski type I or V (OR 11.04) were associated with rehemorrhage within 1 year. A lower mRS score after previous hemorrhage (aOR 0.38 for a shift to a higher mRS score), Zabramski type I or V (OR 3.41), medulla or midbrain location (aOR 2.77), and multiple cerebral cavernous malformations (aOR 11.76) were associated with worsened neurological status at subsequent hemorrhage. The nomograms showed good accuracy and discrimination, with a C-index of 0.80 for predicting subsequent hemorrhage within 1 year and 0.71 for predicting neurological status after subsequent hemorrhage, which were maintained in cross-validation. CONCLUSIONS An individualized approach to risk and severity assessment of BSCM rehemorrhage was feasible with clinical and imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
| | - Li Ma
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Quan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
| | - Peixi Liu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
| | - Yuan Shi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
| | - Yingjun Liu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
| | - Wei Zhu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai.,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai.,3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai.,4Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai.,5Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai; and
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13
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Bianconi A, Salvati LF, Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Massara A, Minardi M, Aruta G, Rosso M, Massa Micon B, Garbossa D, Retta SF. Distant Recurrence of a Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in the Vicinity of a Developmental Venous Anomaly: Case Report of Local Oxy-Inflammatory Events. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314643. [PMID: 36498972 PMCID: PMC9736411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are a major type of cerebrovascular lesions of proven genetic origin that occur in either sporadic (sCCM) or familial (fCCM) forms, the latter being inherited as an autosomal dominant condition linked to loss-of-function mutations in three known CCM genes. In contrast to fCCMs, sCCMs are rarely linked to mutations in CCM genes and are instead commonly and peculiarly associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), suggesting distinct origins and common pathogenic mechanisms. CASE REPORT A hemorrhagic sCCM in the right frontal lobe of the brain was surgically excised from a symptomatic 3 year old patient, preserving intact and pervious the associated DVA. MRI follow-up examination performed periodically up to 15 years after neurosurgery intervention demonstrated complete removal of the CCM lesion and no residual or relapse signs. However, 18 years after surgery, the patient experienced acute episodes of paresthesia due to a distant recurrence of a new hemorrhagic CCM lesion located within the same area as the previous one. A new surgical intervention was, therefore, necessary, which was again limited to the CCM without affecting the pre-existing DVA. Subsequent follow-up examination by contrast-enhanced MRI evidenced a persistent pattern of signal-intensity abnormalities in the bed of the DVA, including hyperintense gliotic areas, suggesting chronic inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the possibility of long-term distant recurrence of hemorrhagic sCCMs associated with a DVA, suggesting that such recurrence is secondary to focal sterile inflammatory conditions generated by the DVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.F.R.)
| | | | - Andrea Perrelli
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14602, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Armando Massara
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Minardi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Rosso
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Massa Micon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.F.R.)
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14
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Saban D, Chen B, Lenkeit A, Gull HH, Rieß C, Deuschl C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Zhu Y, Frank B, Sure U, Dammann P. Medication intake and hemorrhage risk in patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:1088-1094. [PMID: 35213840 DOI: 10.3171/2022.1.jns212724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of medication intake on hemorrhage risk in patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM). METHODS The authors' institutional database was screened for patients with FCCM who had been admitted to their department between 2003 and 2020. Patients with a complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data set, evidence of multiple CCMs, clinical baseline characteristics, and follow-up (FU) examination were included in the study. The authors assessed the influence of medication intake on first or recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The longitudinal cumulative 5-year risk of hemorrhage was calculated by applying Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Two hundred five patients with FCCMs were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed ICH as a predictor for recurrent hemorrhage during the 5-year FU. The authors also noted a tendency toward a decreased association with ICH during FU in patients on statin medication (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.03-1.68, p = 0.143), although the relationship was not statistically significant. No bleeding events were observed in patients on antithrombotic therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed a tendency toward a low risk of ICH during FU in patients on antithrombotic therapy (p = 0.085), as well as those on statin therapy (p = 0.193). The cumulative 5-year risk of bleeding was 22.82% (95% CI 17.33%-29.38%) for the entire cohort, 31.41% (95% CI 23.26%-40.83%) for patients with a history of ICH, 26.54% (95% CI 11.13%-49.7%) for individuals on beta-blocker medication, 6.25% (95% CI 0.33%-32.29%) for patients on statin medication, and 0% (95% CI 0%-30.13%) for patients on antithrombotic medication. CONCLUSIONS ICH at diagnosis was identified as a risk factor for recurrent hemorrhage. Although the relationships were not statistically significant, statin and antithrombotic medication tended to be associated with decreased bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | | | - Dino Saban
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Bixia Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Annika Lenkeit
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Hanah Hadice Gull
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Christoph Rieß
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- 2Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen
| | - Börge Schmidt
- 3Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen; and
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Yuan Zhu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Benedikt Frank
- 4Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
| | - Philipp Dammann
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen
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15
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Zhang J, Abou-Fadel J, Renteria M, Belkin O, Chen B, Zhu Y, Dammann P, Rigamonti D. Cerebral cavernous malformations do not fall in the spectrum of PIK3CA-related overgrowth. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:jnnp-2022-328901. [PMID: 35477890 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-328901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recently discovered in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), raising the possibility that the activation of PI3K pathways is a possible universal regulator of vascular morphogenesis. However, there have been contradicting data presented among various groups and studies. To enhance the current understanding of vascular anomalies, it is essential to explore this possible relationship between altered PI3K signalling pathways and its influence on the pathogenesis of CCMs. GOF PIK3CA-mutants have been linked to overgrowth syndromes, allowing this group of disorders, resulting from somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA, to be collectively named as PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders. This paper reviews and attempts to conceptualise the relationships and differences among clinical presentations, genotypic and phenotypic correlations and possible coexistence of PIK3CA and CCM mutations/phenotypes in CCM lesions. Finally, we present a model reflecting our hypothetical understanding of CCM pathogenesis based on a systematic review and conceptualisation of data obtained from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mellisa Renteria
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Ofek Belkin
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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16
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Snellings DA, Girard R, Lightle R, Srinath A, Romanos S, Li Y, Chen C, Ren AA, Kahn ML, Awad IA, Marchuk DA. Developmental venous anomalies are a genetic primer for cerebral cavernous malformations. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:246-252. [PMID: 35355835 PMCID: PMC8958845 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are a neurovascular anomaly that may occur sporadically, or be inherited due to autosomal dominant mutations in KRIT1 , CCM2 , or PDCD10 . Individual lesions are caused by somatic mutations which have been identified in KRIT1, CCM2, PDCD10, MAP3K3, and PIK3CA . However, the interactions between mutations, and their relative contributions to sporadic versus familial cases remain unclear. We show that mutations in KRIT1, CCM2, PDCD10, and MAP3K3 are mutually exclusive, but may co-occur with mutations in PIK3CA. We also find that MAP3K3 mutations may cause sporadic, but not familial CCM. Furthermore, we find identical PIK3CA mutations in CCMs and adjacent developmental venous anomalies (DVA), a common vascular malformation frequently found in the vicinity of sporadic CCMs. However, somatic mutations in MAP3K3 are found only in the CCM. This suggests that sporadic CCMs are derived from cells of the DVA which have acquired an additional mutation in MAP3K3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Snellings
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke
University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Chang Chen
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Aileen A. Ren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute,
University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Mark L. Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute,
University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Issam A. Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological
Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke
University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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17
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Saban D, Chen B, Darkwah Oppong M, Herten A, Hadice Gull H, Rieß C, Deuschl C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Zhu Y, Frank B, Sure U, Dammann P. Multiple Cerebral Cavernous Malformations – Clinical Course of Confirmed, Assumed and Non‐Familial Disease. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1427-1434. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N. Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Dino Saban
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Annika Herten
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Hanah Hadice Gull
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Rieß
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Essen Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology University Hospital of Essen Essen Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Karsten H. Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Benedikt Frank
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Essen Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
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18
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Darkwah Oppong M, Gembruch O, Saban D, Chen B, Herten A, Schmidt B, Li Y, Özkan N, Jabbarli R, Wrede K, Sure U, Dammann P. Natural course of untreated spinal cord cavernous malformations: a follow-up study within the initial 5 years after diagnosis. J Neurosurg Spine 2021:1-5. [PMID: 34920423 DOI: 10.3171/2021.9.spine211052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cavernous spinal cord malformations (SCMs) are believed to have a high rate of bleeding. The risk of intramedullary hemorrhage (IMH) or recurrent IMH and the neurological impact of bleeding events are important for clinical decision-making and could impact current treatment strategies. METHODS The authors screened their institutional database for patients with cavernous SCM treated between 2003 and 2020. Patients with complete MRI data sets and clinical baseline characteristics were included. Surgically treated patients were censored after cavernous SCM removal. Neurological functional status was obtained using the modified McCormick (MMcC) scale at diagnosis, first IMH, and second IMH. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5-year risk for hemorrhage or rehemorrhage. RESULTS Seventy-one patients with cavernous SCM were analyzed. Cox regression analysis identified previous IMH (hazard ratio 7.86, 95% confidence interval 1.01-61.47, p = 0.049) as an independent predictor for rehemorrhage during the 5-year follow-up. The cumulative 5-year risk of bleeding or rebleeding was 41.3% for cavernous SCM. The MMcC score significantly deteriorated in 75% of patients after recurrent hemorrhage (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS During untreated 5-year follow-up, a considerably increased risk for hemorrhage or rehemorrhage was found in cavernous malformations of the spinal cord compared to cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurological function significantly deteriorates after the second bleeding. The probability of recurrent IMH increased significantly after initial presentation with hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dino Saban
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery
| | - Bixia Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery
| | | | - Börge Schmidt
- 2Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, and
| | - Yan Li
- 3Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Sure
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery
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19
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Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Saban D, Chen B, Herten A, Dinger TF, Li Y, Tippelt S, Della Marina A, Dohna-Schwake C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P. Natural Course of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Children: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. Stroke 2021; 53:817-824. [PMID: 34706565 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural course of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) in the pediatric population, with special emphasis on the risk of first and recurrent bleeding over a 5-year period. METHODS Our institutional database was screened for patients with CCM treated between 2003 and 2020. Patients ≤18 years of age with complete magnetic resonance imaging data set, clinical baseline characteristics, and ≥1 follow-up examination were included. Surgically treated individuals were censored after CCM removal. We assessed the impact of various parameters on first or recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at diagnosis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5-year risk for (re)hemorrhage. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine pediatric patients with CCM were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression identified brain stem CCM (odds ratio, 3.15 [95% CI, 1.15-8.63], P=0.026) and familial history of CCM (odds ratio, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.04-5.86], P=0.041) as statistically significant predictors of ICH at diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed this correlation (odds ratio, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.18-8.99], P=0.022 and odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.07-5.98], P=0.035, respectively). Cox regression analysis identified ICH as mode of presentation (hazard ratio, 14.01 [95% CI, 1.80-110.39], P=0.012) as an independent predictor for rehemorrhage during the 5-year follow-up. The cumulative 5-year risk of (re)bleeding was 15.9% (95% CI, 10.2%-23.6%) for the entire cohort, 30.2% (20.2%-42.3%) for pediatric patients with ICH at diagnosis, and 29.5% (95% CI, 13.9%-51.1%) for children with brain stem CCM. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with brain stem CCM and familial history of CCM have a higher risk of ICH as mode of presentation. During untreated 5-year follow-up, they revealed a similar risk of (re)hemorrhage compared to adult patients. The probability of (re)bleeding increases over time, especially in cases with ICH at presentation or brain stem localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Dino Saban
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Annika Herten
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Thiemo Florin Dinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (Y.L.)
| | - Stephan Tippelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (S.T., A.D.M., C.D.-S.)
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (S.T., A.D.M., C.D.-S.)
| | | | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (B.S.)
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Karsten H Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.N.S., L.R., D.S., B.C., A.H., T.F.D., R.J., K.H.W., U.S., P.D.)
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20
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Dammann P, Saban DV, Herten A, Chen B, Zhu Y, Santos A, Rauschenbach L, Wrede K, Jabbarli R, Schmidt B, Jöckel KH, Kleinschnitz C, Forsting M, Sure U. Cerebral cavernous malformations: Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and allergic diseases compared to the normal population. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2000-2005. [PMID: 33738912 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and allergic diseases in patients with cavernous malformations of the central nervous system compared to the normal population. METHODS Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data of 1352 patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) from an observational, cross-sectional, single-institutional study were analyzed and compared to an age-and-gender stratified and matched sample from a population-based, epidemiological study assessing cardiovascular risk factors in the local normal population of the same area (RECALL study). RESULTS Of 1352 patients, 810 (60%) were female. Mean age was 40.4 ± 16 years. 221 patients (16%) suffered from familial disease. Presence of cardiovascular risk factors and intake of certain drugs in the overall cohort was mostly equal to the normal population reference sample (n = 786). The prevalence of allergic diseases was found to be significantly higher in all CCM patients compared to the normal population (30% vs. 20%, odds ratio [OR] 1.35 [1.12-1.63]) and in sporadic CCM cases compared to the normal population and familial cases (32% vs. 20% (OR 1.46 [1.19-1.78], p = 0.0001) and 22% vs. 20%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We present novel data on CCM using a large single-institution and population-based setup. The study elaborates disease characteristics of CCM patients in detail. For the first time, evidence for an unexplained high prevalence of allergic diseases in this patient population is described (differing between sporadic and familial cases), supporting the hypothesis that immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dino Vitali Saban
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Herten
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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21
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Hart BL, Mabray MC, Morrison L, Whitehead KJ, Kim H. Systemic and CNS manifestations of inherited cerebrovascular malformations. Clin Imaging 2021; 75:55-66. [PMID: 33493737 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular malformations occur in both sporadic and inherited patterns. This paper reviews imaging and clinical features of cerebrovascular malformations with a genetic basis. Genetic diseases such as familial cerebral cavernous malformations and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia often have manifestations in bone, skin, eyes, and visceral organs, which should be recognized. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the inherited disorders are becoming better understood, and treatments are likely to follow. An interaction between the intestinal microbiome and formation of cerebral cavernous malformations has emerged, with possible treatment implications. Two-hit mechanisms are involved in these disorders, and additional triggering mechanisms are part of the development of malformations. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia encompasses a variety of vascular malformations, with widely varying risks, and a more recently recognized association with cortical malformations. Somatic mutations are implicated in the genesis of some sporadic malformations, which means that discoveries related to inherited disorders may aid treatment of sporadic cases. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of these conditions, salient features regarding mechanisms of development, and treatment prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine L Hart
- Department of Radiology, MSC10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Marc C Mabray
- Department of Radiology, MSC10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Leslie Morrison
- Department of Neurology, MSC10 5620, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Kevin J Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, 500 Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
| | - Helen Kim
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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22
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Geraldo AF, Messina SS, Tortora D, Parodi A, Malova M, Morana G, Gandolfo C, D'Amico A, Herkert E, Govaert P, Ramenghi LA, Rossi A, Severino M. Neonatal Developmental Venous Anomalies: Clinicoradiologic Characterization and Follow-Up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:2370-2376. [PMID: 33093132 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although developmental venous anomalies have been frequently studied in adults and occasionally in children, data regarding these entities are scarce in neonates. We aimed to characterize clinical and neuroimaging features of neonatal developmental venous anomalies and to evaluate any association between MR imaging abnormalities in their drainage territory and corresponding angioarchitectural features. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed parenchymal abnormalities and angioarchitectural features of 41 neonates with developmental venous anomalies (20 males; mean corrected age, 39.9 weeks) selected through a radiology report text search from 2135 neonates who underwent brain MR imaging between 2008 and 2019. Fetal and longitudinal MR images were also reviewed. Neurologic outcomes were collected. Statistics were performed using χ2, Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney U, or t tests corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Developmental venous anomalies were detected in 1.9% of neonatal scans. These were complicated by parenchymal/ventricular abnormalities in 15/41 cases (36.6%), improving at last follow-up in 8/10 (80%), with normal neurologic outcome in 9/14 (64.2%). Multiple collectors (P = .008) and larger collector caliber (P < .001) were significantly more frequent in complicated developmental venous anomalies. At a patient level, multiplicity (P = .002) was significantly associated with the presence of ≥1 complicated developmental venous anomaly. Retrospective fetal detection was possible in 3/11 subjects (27.2%). CONCLUSIONS One-third of neonatal developmental venous anomalies may be complicated by parenchymal abnormalities, especially with multiple and larger collectors. Neuroimaging and neurologic outcomes were favorable in most cases, suggesting a benign, self-limited nature of these vascular anomalies. A congenital origin could be confirmed in one-quarter of cases with available fetal MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Geraldo
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G.), Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., G.M., A.R., M.S.)
| | - S S Messina
- Radiology Unit (S.S.M.), Casa di Cura Regina Pacis, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., G.M., A.R., M.S.)
| | - A Parodi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (A.P., M.M., L.A.R.)
| | - M Malova
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (A.P., M.M., L.A.R.)
| | - G Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., G.M., A.R., M.S.)
| | - C Gandolfo
- Interventional Unit (C.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - A D'Amico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate (A.D.), Universita' Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Herkert
- Division of Neonatology (E.H., P.G.), Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Govaert
- Division of Neonatology (E.H., P.G.), Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A Ramenghi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (A.P., M.M., L.A.R.)
| | - A Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., G.M., A.R., M.S.)
| | - M Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., G.M., A.R., M.S.)
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23
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Saban D, Larisch J, Nickel AC, Pierscianek D, Dammann P, Sure U, Zhu Y. DNA promoter methylation of CCM genes in human cerebral cavernous malformations: Importance of confirming MSP data through sequencing. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104090. [PMID: 33122157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is the second most common cerebrovascular disease and is classified as familial (20%) and sporadic (80%) forms. Loss of function mutation of three CCM genes results in the familial CCM. Considering the similar clinic presentation of familial and sporadic CCMs, and based on enriched CpG islands in the DNA promoter region of three CCM genes, we hypothesized that DNA methylation of the CpG islands of the CCM genes is involved in human CCM, thereby leading to loss of CCM genes. MATERIAL AND METHODS 69 human CCMs including sporadic (n = 40), multiple (n = 15) and familial (n = 14) cases. DNA was extracted from the surgical specimens of CCMs followed by bisulfite conversion. The methylation status of the promoter regions of three CCM genes was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP). To confirm the results of MSP, four MSP-positive probes showing CCM3 methylation underwent deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS). RESULTS MSP mostly excluded methylation of CCM1 and CCM2 promotor regions (data not shown). In the case of CCM3, 12 out of 55 sporadic cases showed positivity for MSP (21.8%). Deep bisulfite sequencing revealed that four CCM3 MSP positive cases were all negative for DNA methylation. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that DNA promotor methylation of CCM1-3 genes is not involved in human family CCMs and that it is important to confirm MSP data with DBS. Further study with higher number of sporadic CCM patients is required for better understanding whether this epigenetic mechanism is involved in the pathology of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Saban
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Joel Larisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Pierscianek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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24
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Zhang F, Xue Y, Zhang F, Wei X, Zhou Z, Ma Z, Wang X, Shen H, Li Y, Cui X, Liu L. Identification of a Novel CCM1 Frameshift Mutation in a Chinese Han Family With Multiple Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:525986. [PMID: 33071727 PMCID: PMC7538688 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.525986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that predominantly occur in the brain. CCMs can be sporadic or hereditary in an autosomal dominant manner. The genes harboring variants of familial CCMs (FCCMs) include CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2/MGC4607, and CCM3/PDCD10. In this study, we identified a novel CCM1/KRIT1 mutation in a Chinese family with FCCMs. This family consists of 20 members, and 6 of them had been diagnosed with CCMs. The proband patient is a 17-year-old female who has suffered from CCM-related intracranial hemorrhage four times. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four lesions in the different brain regions and one lesion has progressively enlarged. The pathological histology confirmed CCMs. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel deletion mutation (c.1635delA) within exon 15 of CCM1/KRIT1 gene in the proband patient, her mother, and her uncle who had CCMs. This frameshift mutation led to a premature termination codon (PTC) at nucleotides 1652-1654. We also detected that the CCM1 mRNA levels in the blood lymphocytes of the family members with CCMs were reduced by 46.4% compared to that in healthy controls. Collectively, our results suggested that the CCM1 mutation could potentially be a causative factor for FCCMs in the Chinese family and the reduction of CCM1 mRNA expression in the blood lymphocytes of the patients might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CCMs. Our findings expanded the spectrum of CCM mutations and helped to guide genetic counseling and early genetic diagnosis for at-risk family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiteng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhisong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoru Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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Ma L, Zhang S, Li Z, Wu CX, Wang Z, Zhan L, Hao Q, Wang H, Ye X, Chen X, Liu YO, Wang S, Zhao YL. Morbidity After Symptomatic Hemorrhage of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: A Nomogram Approach to Risk Assessment. Stroke 2020; 51:2997-3006. [PMID: 32951540 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Symptomatic hemorrhage contributes to an increased risk of repeated bleeding and morbidity in cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). A better understanding of morbidity after CCM hemorrhage would be helpful to identify patients of higher risk for unfavorable outcome and tailor individualized management. METHODS We identified 282 consecutive patients who referred to our institute from 2014 to 2018 for CCM with symptomatic hemorrhage and had an untreated follow-up period over 6 months after the first hemorrhage. The morbidity after hemorrhage was described in CCM of different features. Nomogram to predict morbidity was formulated based on the multivariable model of risk factors. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of nomogram were determined with concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve, and further validated in an independent CCM cohort of a prospective multicenter study from 2019 to 2020. RESULTS The overall morbidity of CCM was 26.2% after a mean follow-up of 1.9 years (range 0.5-3.5 years) since the first hemorrhage. The morbidity during untreated follow-up was associated with hemorrhage ictus (adjusted odds ratio per ictus increase, 4.17 [95% CI, 1.86-9.33]), modified Rankin Scale score at initial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio per point increase, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.82-3.63]), brainstem location (adjusted odds ratio, 2.93 [95% CI, 1.28-6.68]), and associated developmental venous anomaly (adjusted odds ratio, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.01-4.83]). Subgroup analysis revealed similar findings in brainstem and non-brainstem CCM. Nomogram was contracted based on these features. The calibration curve showed good agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation. The C-index of nomogram predicting morbidity was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.88). In validation cohort, the nomogram maintained the discriminative ability (C-index, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS Multiple symptomatic hemorrhages, initial neurological function after hemorrhage, brainstem location, and associated developmental venous anomaly were associated with morbidity of CCM hemorrhage. The nomogram represented a practical approach to provide individualized risk assessment for CCM patients. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04076449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Zongze Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.L.)
| | - Chun-Xue Wu
- Department of Radiology (C.-X.W., Z.W., Y.-O.L., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Zhaozhao Wang
- Department of Radiology (C.-X.W., Z.W., Y.-O.L., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China
| | - Lei Zhan
- School of Nursing, The George Washington University, Washington, DC (L.Z.)
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Print in Clinical Neuroscience, China (X.Y., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Ya-Ou Liu
- Department of Radiology (C.-X.W., Z.W., Y.-O.L., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China (S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Print in Clinical Neuroscience, China (X.Y., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Yuan-Li Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., S.W., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,Department of Radiology (C.-X.W., Z.W., Y.-O.L., Y.-L.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (L.M., S.Z., Q.H., H.W., X.Y., X.C., Y.-O.L., S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China (S.W., Y.-L.Z.).,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Print in Clinical Neuroscience, China (X.Y., S.W., Y.-L.Z.)
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Chen B, Herten A, Saban D, Rauscher S, Radbruch A, Schmidt B, Zhu Y, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Kleinschnitz C, Sure U, Dammann P. Hemorrhage from cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurology 2020; 95:e89-e96. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the role of associated developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) caused by cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs).MethodsWe analyzed patient registry data of 1,219 patients with cavernous malformations treated in our institution between 2003 and 2018. Patients with spinal and familial CCM and patients without complete MRI data were excluded. The impact of various variables on ICH as a mode of presentation was assessed with multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Kaplan Meier/Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze cumulative 5-year-risk for (re)hemorrhage and to identify baseline predictors of this outcome.ResultsSeven hundred thirty-one patients with CCM were included. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed a statistically significant negative correlation with DVA (odds ratio [OR] 0.635 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.459–0.878]) and positive correlation with brainstem localization (OR 6.277 [95% CI 4.287–9.191]) with ICH as the mode of presentation. Among 731 patients, 76 experienced (re)hemorrhage during 2,338 person-years of follow-up. Overall cumulative 5-year risk was 24.1% (95% CI 21.1%–27.5%). Cox regression analysis revealed initial presentation with ICH (hazard ratio [HR] 8.0 [95% CI 3.549–18.122]) and brainstem localization (HR 2.9 [95% CI 1.756–4.765]) as independent baseline predictors of (re)hemorrhage. Presence of DVA added no independent prognostic information (HR 1.1 [95% CI 0.717–1.885]).ConclusionPatients with CCM with associated DVA are at lower risk to present with ICH. During untreated 5-year follow-up, they showed equal (re)hemorrhage risk compared to patients with CCM without DVA.
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27
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Brinjikji W, Nicholson P, Hilditch CA, Krings T, Pereira V, Agid R. Cerebrofacial venous metameric syndrome-spectrum of imaging findings. Neuroradiology 2020; 62:417-425. [PMID: 31932853 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrofacial venous metameric syndrome (CVMS) is a complex craniofacial vascular malformation disorder in which patients have a constellation of venous vascular malformations affecting soft tissues, bone, dura, and neural structures including the eye and brain. It is hypothesized that a somatic mutation responsible for the venous abnormalities occurred prior to migration of the neural crest cells, and because of this, facial, osseous, and cerebral involvement typically follows a segmental or "metameric" distribution. The most commonly recognized form of CVMS is Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, a wide spectrum of CVMS phenotypical presentations exist with various metameric distributions of slow-flow vascular lesions including facial venous vascular malformations, developmental venous anomalies, venous angiomas, cavernous malformations (cavernomas), dural sinus malformations, and maybe even vascular tumors such as cavernous hemangiomas. Awareness of the various manifestations as described herewith is important for treatment and screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Brinjikji
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Patrick Nicholson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A Hilditch
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timo Krings
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vitor Pereira
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronit Agid
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Kumar S, Lanzino G, Brinjikji W, Hocquard KW, Flemming KD. Infratentorial Developmental Venous Abnormalities and Inflammation Increase Odds of Sporadic Cavernous Malformation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1662-1667. [PMID: 30878367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
GOAL Sporadic brain cavernous malformations commonly correlate with developmental venous anomalies; however, developmental venous anomalies may exist without cavernous malformations. Infratentorial location and specific angioarchitectural features of the developmental venous anomaly increase the odds of a concomitant malformation. Animal data also suggest chronic inflammatory disease, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis promote cavernous malformation development. We sought to determine potential clinical and radiologic factors promoting development of sporadic cavernous malformations. METHODS One hundred and forty-five patients with sporadic, nonradiation-induced brain cavernous malformations (63 with radiologic-apparent and 82 with radiologic-occult developmental venous anomalies) were compared to developmental venous anomaly controls without associated malformation. Data collection included demographic information, comorbidities, medications at diagnosis, and location of the developmental venous anomaly and/or malformation. Logistic regression with likelihood ratios, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated comparing malformation cases with controls. A similar analysis compared malformations with radiologic-apparent anomalies to controls. RESULTS Compared to controls, cases were more likely to have had a major infectious illness (10.3% versus 2.3%; P = .0003 and/or chronic inflammatory disease (31.7% versus 21.3%; P = .0184) prior to diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging. Infratentorial location was more common in cavernous malformation cases (31.7% versus 15.7% controls; P ≤ .0001) with similar findings in cavernous malformation with radiologic-apparent developmental venous anomalies versus controls. CONCLUSIONS Infratentorial developmental venous anomalies location, major infectious illness, and chronic inflammatory disorders increase the odds of sporadic cavernous malformation formation. Inflammation may promote local thrombosis of developmental venous anomalies, trigger angiogenic response through increased vascular permeability, or promote cavernous malformation through Toll-like receptor 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivram Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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29
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Scimone C, Donato L, Katsarou Z, Bostantjopoulou S, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Two Novel KRIT1 and CCM2 Mutations in Patients Affected by Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: New Information on CCM2 Penetrance. Front Neurol 2018; 9:953. [PMID: 30487773 PMCID: PMC6246743 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide comprehension of genetic features of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) represents the starting point to better manage patients and risk rating in relatives. The causative mutations spectrum is constantly growing. KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 are the three loci to date linked to familial CCM development, although germline mutations have also been detected in patients affected by sporadic forms. In this context, the main challenge is to draw up criteria to formulate genotype-phenotype correlations. Clearly, genetic factors determining incomplete penetrance of CCM need to be identified. Here, we report two novel intronic variants probably affecting splicing. Molecular screening of CCM genes was performed on DNA purified by peripheral blood. Coding exons and intron-exon boundaries were sequenced by the Sanger method. The first was detected in a sporadic patient and involves KRIT1. The second affects CCM2 and it is harbored by a woman with familial CCM. Interestingly, molecular analysis extended to both healthy and ill relatives allowed to estimate, for the first time, a penetrance for CCM2 lower than 100%, as to date reported. Moreover, heterogeneity of clinical manifestations among those affected carrying the same genotype further confirms involvement of modifier factors in CCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Vanguard Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Vanguard Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zoe Katsarou
- Department of Neurology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Vanguard Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, Italy
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30
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Evaluation of sporadic intracranial cavernous malformations for detecting associated developmental venous anomalies: added diagnostic value of C-arm contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT to routine contrast-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:783-791. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Kocak B, Kizilkilic O, Kocer N, Islak C. Letter to the Editor. Is it time to evaluate multiple familial cavernous malformations with ultra-high resolution flat-detector CT angiography? J Neurosurg 2018; 128:1268-1270. [PMID: 29393760 DOI: 10.3171/2017.7.jns171433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Kocak
- 1Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey; and
| | - Osman Kizilkilic
- 2Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naci Kocer
- 2Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Civan Islak
- 2Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Spiegler S, Rath M, Paperlein C, Felbor U. Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: An Update on Prevalence, Molecular Genetic Analyses, and Genetic Counselling. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:60-69. [PMID: 29593473 PMCID: PMC5836221 DOI: 10.1159/000486292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the latest gnomAD dataset, the prevalence of symptomatic hereditary cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) prone to cause epileptic seizures and stroke-like symptoms was re-evaluated in this review and calculated to be 1:5,400-1:6,200. Furthermore, state-of-the-art molecular genetic analyses of the known CCM loci are described which reach an almost 100% mutation detection rate for familial CCMs if whole genome sequencing is performed for seemingly mutation-negative families. An update on the spectrum of CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 mutations demonstrates that deep-intronic mutations and submicroscopic copy-number neutral genomic rearrangements are rare. Finally, this review points to current guidelines on genetic counselling, neuroimaging, medical as well as neurosurgical treatment and highlights the formation of active patient organizations in various countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald
| | - Christin Paperlein
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald
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33
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Novegno F, Fafa F, Lunardi P. De novo appearance of sporadic supratentorial multiple cavernomatosis with rebleeding brainstem cavernoma: unpredictable aggressive course? J Neurosurg Sci 2018; 63:479-481. [PMID: 29308632 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.18.04262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Novegno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tor Vergata University Medical School, Rome, Italy -
| | - Filippo Fafa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tor Vergata University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Lunardi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tor Vergata University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to review the current epidemiology and clinical management of patients with cavernous malformations (CM). RECENT FINDINGS Hemorrhage is the most feared complication and leads to morbidity in patients with CM. Multiple studies including three meta-analyses have provided useful estimates of hemorrhage risk, but have failed to identify a modifiable risk factor for prevention of cavernous malformation related hemorrhage. In treating the CM itself, surgical risk is weighed against the natural history. However, accumulating knowledge regarding the roles of CCM 1, 2, and 3 genes has led to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. The risk of future hemorrhage in patients with CM is highest in those who have had previously clinical hemorrhages. Estimated risks are helpful in counseling patients and comparing to the risk of surgery. Future clinical trials of candidate medications are likely to target those patients with prior clinical hemorrhage in whom the surgical risk is deemed high.
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) increases with age, we studied the age-related prevalence of DVA-associated CCM among patients with DVAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with DVAs on contrast-enhanced MRI exams performed over a 2-year period were included in this study. A single neuroradiologist reviewed all imaging exams for the presence of CCMs. Baseline demographic data collected included age, gender, presence of CNS neoplasm, history of cranial radiation, and history of seizure. Patients were divided into age groups based on decade of life. Cochran-Armitage trend tests were performed to determine if increasing age was associated with CCM prevalence. RESULTS A total of 1689 patients with DVAs identified on contrast-enhanced MRI were included. Of these patients, 116 (6.9%) had a cavernous malformation associated with the DVA. There was a significant positive association between age and the prevalence of DVA-associated CCM (P = 0.002). The prevalence of DVA-associated CCM was 0.8% for the 0-10 age group, 1.6% for the 11-20 age group, 7.5% for the 21-30 age group, 9.5% for the 31-40 age group, 6.1% for the 41-50 age group, 6.3% for the 51-60 age group, 7.4% for the 61-70 age group, and 11.6% for the >70 age group (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated an age-related increase in prevalence of DVA-associated cavernous malformations among patients with DVAs. These findings suggest that DVA-associated cavernous malformations are acquired lesions.
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