Antigens of Bordetella pertussis. III. The protective antigen

Antigens of Bordetella pertussis V. Separation of Agglutinogen 1 and Mouse-Protective Antigen

Agglutinogen 1 of Bordetella pertussis strain 353/Z (serotype 1) was separated from protective antigen and histamine-sensitizing factor by starch-block electrophoresis. Most of the agglutinogen 1 migrated towards the cathode in starch-block electrophoresis, although some remained near the origin. Fractions containing most of the agglutinogen 1 were free of detectable mouse-protecting or histamine-sensitizing activities. Agglutinogen 1 from a serotype 1, 3 B. pertussis strain (J20) migrated similarly to the agglutinogen 1 from strain 353/Z. All agglutinogen 3 activity was found at the point of application in the starch block. No clear relationship was found between agglutinogen 1 and mouse-protecting antigen or histamine-sensitizing factor.

Mouse-protecting and histamine-sensitizing activities of pertussigen and fimbrial hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis

We compared the protective activities of fimbrial hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussigen and their respective antibodies in mice infected intracerebrally with Bordetella pertussis. We found that mice were protected by a 1.7-microgram/mouse dose of pertussigen which was free of detectable FHA and was detoxified by treatment with glutaraldehyde. A pertussigen preparation made from cells grown in shake cultures that did not contain demonstrable FHA protected mice at a dose of 1.4 microgram/mouse. FHA at a dose of 10 microgram/mouse protected mice from intracerebral infection, but it also sensitized mice to histamine at a dose of 2 micrograms/mouse, which indicated that it was contaminated with pertussigen. When FHA was obtained free of demonstrable pertussigen, it failed to sensitize mice to histamine at a dose of 30 micrograms/mouse and to protect mice from infection at a dose of 12 micrograms/mouse (largest doses tested). Passive protection tests with antisera known to contain antibodies to pertussigen protected mice from intracerebral infection, whereas sera lacking anti-pertussigen antibodies but containing high concentrations of anti-FHA antibodies did not protect mice. The most important antigen for the immunization of mice against intracerebral infection with B. pertussis appears to be pertussigen.

Multicorrelation analyses of toxic and antigenic components of DPT and DP vaccines produced in Japan

The combined diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and combined diphtheria-pertussis vaccines, of which the contents of endotoxin, LPF and HSF were reported in the previous paper, have been tested for the respective potencies of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus components. In order to obtain some information concerning possible adjuvanticities of the toxic components of pertussis cells, relationship between respective toxic activities and the potencies of the respective antigenic components were tested by applying the multiple regression analyses. The results showed that the effects of the toxic components were fairly complicated. Within the ranges of contents of the respective toxic components of the vaccines used in the present experiment, LPF appeared to enhance all the three potencies as the content increased, while the effects of endotoxin and HSF were either enhancing or suppressive depending on the antigenic components.

Effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice

Infection of CFW mice with Trichinella spiralis induced a state of relative unresponsiveness to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced with hen egg albumin and its corresponding antibodies. The unresponsiveness was to PCA produced either with immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) or IgE type of antibodies, but was more pronounced with the latter. As few as 25 larvae given by stomach tube 20 days before induced this resistance, although 400 larvae induced a greater resistance. When 400 to 600 larvae were fed to mice, the refractoriness of these mice to PCA was noticed 15 days later. The sera of infected mice had the ability to inhibit mainly PCA induced by IgE. This inhibitory property of sera from infected mice was more pronounced 35 days after infection than 10 months later, when only weak inhibitory activity was detected. Purified rat IgE inhibited the PCA reactions induced in both mice and rats with mouse IgE-type antibody. At high concentrations, evidence of inhibition of the IgG1-induced PCA in mice was also obtained. We believe that the relative unresponsiveness of infected mice is due to an increase in production of IgE which competitively blocks the mast cell sites for other IgE molecules.

Histamine-sensitizing factors from microbial agents, with special reference to Bordetella pertussis

Images

Antigens of Bordetella pertussis. IV. Effect of heat, merthiolate, and formaldehyde on histamine-sensitizing factor and protective activity of soluble extracts from Bordetella pertussi.s

Munoz, J. (Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), and B. M. Hestekin. Antigens of Bordetella pertussis. IV. Effect of heat, Merthiolate, and formaldehyde on histamine-sensitizing factor and protective activity of soluble extracts from Bordetella pertussis. J. Bacteriol. 91:2175-2179. 1966.-Both histamine-sensitizing and protective activities of soluble preparations from Bordetella pertussis cells are destroyed by heating at 80 C for 0.5 hr. The histamine-sensitizing activity appeared to be more susceptible to inactivation by heat than the protective activity. Formaldehyde in a final concentration of 0.5% rapidly diminished the histamine-sensitizing ability of saline extract (SE) held at 37 C. The protective activity was clearly more resistant to inactivation by formaldehyde at similar temperature. The inactivating action of formaldehyde was slower when the concentration of SE was increased or when the mixture was kept at 2 to 5 C. Merthiolate in a final concentration of 1:10,000 had no demonstrable deleterious effects on either protective or histamine-sensitizing activity of SE.