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Kanaan MHG. Effect of biofilm formation in a hostile oxidative stress environment on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni recovered from poultry in Iraqi markets. Vet World 2024; 17:136-142. [PMID: 38406363 PMCID: PMC10884572 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.136-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacter jejuni is a major contributor to bacterial enteritis, a common health problem. The resistance of this microaerophilic bacterium to oxidative stress allows it to thrive under aerobic conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether the capacity of C. jejuni to form biofilms in the presence of oxidative stress contributes to the pathogen's ability to thrive in agricultural settings as well as in chicken slaughter lines. Materials and Methods Twenty identified strains originating from chicken samples (eight from caeca contents and 12 from frozen chicken carcasses) were previously isolated and identified according to standard bacteriological protocols, followed by confirmation at the species level using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Crystal violet staining was used to evaluate biofilm formation by these bacteria. Two exposure periods to gaseous ozone (1 and 2 min) were used to assess resistance to oxidative damage. Results Most of the strong biofilm-forming Campylobacter strains came from imported frozen chicken meat (25%), whereas only 10% came from caeca content. After exposure to gaseous ozone at 600 mg/h for 2 min, strong biofilm-producing strains exhibited a higher survival rate with a limited reduction of up to 3 logs, whereas negative biofilm-producing strains exhibited a limited survival rate with a reduction of 6 logs. Conclusion Based on our findings, we hypothesized that the presence of C. jejuni strains capable of forming biofilms in poultry farms and/or chicken production facilities triggers a public health alarm as this bacterium seems to be able to adapt more easily to live and thrive in hostile environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal H. G. Kanaan
- Department of Nursing, Technical Institute of Suwaria, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
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2
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Rodrigues JA, Blankenship HM, Cha W, Mukherjee S, Sloup RE, Rudrik JT, Soehnlen M, Manning SD. Pangenomic analyses of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni reveal unique lineage distributions and epidemiological associations. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001073. [PMID: 37526649 PMCID: PMC10483415 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize foodborne pathogens has advanced our understanding of circulating genotypes and evolutionary relationships. Herein, we used WGS to investigate the genomic epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of foodborne disease. Among the 214 strains recovered from patients with gastroenteritis in Michigan, USA, 85 multilocus sequence types (STs) were represented and 135 (63.1 %) were phenotypically resistant to at least one antibiotic. Horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes were detected in 128 (59.8 %) strains and the genotypic resistance profiles were mostly consistent with the phenotypes. Core-gene phylogenetic reconstruction identified three sequence clusters that varied in frequency, while a neighbour-net tree detected significant recombination among the genotypes (pairwise homoplasy index P<0.01). Epidemiological analyses revealed that travel was a significant contributor to pangenomic and ST diversity of C. jejuni, while some lineages were unique to rural counties and more commonly possessed clinically important resistance determinants. Variation was also observed in the frequency of lineages over the 4 year period with chicken and cattle specialists predominating. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of geographically specific factors, recombination and horizontal gene transfer in shaping the population structure of C. jejuni. They also illustrate the usefulness of WGS data for predicting antibiotic susceptibilities and surveillance, which are important for guiding treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather M. Blankenship
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Present address: National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanjana Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Present address: Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, USA
| | - Rebekah E. Sloup
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James T. Rudrik
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marty Soehnlen
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Veltcheva D, Colles FM, Varga M, Maiden MCJ, Bonsall MB. Emerging patterns of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni in the UK [1998-2018]. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36155645 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C.jejuni) is the most common causative agent of bacterial food poisoning worldwide and is known to be genetically highly diverse. C. jejuni is increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, but very few studies have investigated variant-specific patterns of resistance across time. Here we use statistical modelling and clustering techniques to investigate patterns of fluoroquinolone resistance amongst 10,359 UK isolates from human disease sampled over 20 years. We observed six distinct patterns of fluoroquinolone sensitivity/resistance in C. jejuni across time, grouping by clonal complex (CC). Some CCs were fully resistant, some shifted from susceptible to resistant following a sigmoidal shape, and some remained susceptible over time. Our findings indicate that the fluoroquinolone resistance patterns of C. jejuni are complicated and cannot be analysed as a single species but divided into variant dynamics so that the factors driving resistance can be thoroughly investigated.
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4
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Mouftah SF, Pascoe B, Calland JK, Mourkas E, Tonkin N, Lefevre C, Deuker D, Smith S, Wickenden H, Hitchings MD, Sheppard SK, Elhadidy M. Local accessory gene sharing among Egyptian Campylobacter potentially promotes the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35675117 PMCID: PMC9455717 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of child morbidity, growth faltering and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Despite evidence of high incidence and differences in disease epidemiology, there is limited genomic data from studies in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to quantify the extent of gene sharing in local and global populations. We characterized the genetic diversity and accessory-genome content of a collection of Campylobacter isolates from the Cairo metropolitan area, Egypt. In total, 112 Campylobacter isolates were collected from broiler carcasses (n=31), milk and dairy products (n=24), and patients suffering from gastroenteritis (n=57). Among the most common sequence types (STs), we identified the globally disseminated host generalist ST-21 clonal complex (CC21) and the poultry specialists CC206, CC464 and CC48. Notably, CC45 and the cattle-specialist CC42 were under-represented, with a total absence of CC61. Core- and accessory-genome sharing was compared among isolates from Egypt and a comparable collection from the UK (Oxford). Lineage-specific accessory-genome sharing was significantly higher among isolates from the same country, particularly CC21, which demonstrated greater local geographical clustering. In contrast, no geographical clustering was noted in either the core or accessory genome of CC828, suggesting a highly admixed population. A greater proportion of Campylobacter coli isolates were multidrug resistant compared to Campylobacter jejuni. Our results suggest that there is more horizontal transfer of accessory genes between strains in Egypt. This has strong implications for controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance among this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa F Mouftah
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jessica K Calland
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Naomi Tonkin
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Charlotte Lefevre
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,Present address: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danielle Deuker
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,Present address: Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunny Smith
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Harry Wickenden
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | | | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Milner Centre of Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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5
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Sørensen MCH, Gencay YE, Fanger F, Chichkova MAT, Mazúrová M, Klumpp J, Nielsen EM, Brøndsted L. Identification of Novel Phage Resistance Mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni by Comparative Genomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:780559. [PMID: 34970240 PMCID: PMC8713573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages infecting Campylobacter jejuni are considered a promising intervention strategy at broiler farms, yet phage sensitivity of naturally occurring poultry isolates is not well studied. Here, we investigated phage sensitivity and identified resistance mechanisms of C. jejuni strains originating from Danish broilers belonging to the most prevalent MLST (ST) types. Determining plaque formation of 51 phages belonging to Fletchervirus or Firehammervirus showed that 21 out of 31 C. jejuni strains were susceptible to at least one phage. While C. jejuni ST-21 strains encoded the common phase variable O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) receptor of the Fletchervirus and were only infected by these phages, ST-45 strains did not encode this receptor and were exclusively infected by Firehammervirus phages. To identify internal phage resistance mechanism in ST-21 strains, we performed comparative genomics of two strains, CAMSA2002 sensitive to almost all Fletchervirus phages and CAMSA2038, resistant to all 51 phages. The strains encoded diverse clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) spacers but none matched the tested phages. Sequence divergence was also observed in a predicted SspE homolog and putative restriction modification systems including a methyl-specific McrBC endonuclease. Furthermore, when mcrB was deleted, CAMSA2038 became sensitive to 17 out of 43 phages, three being Firehammervirus phages that otherwise did not infect any ST-21 strains. Yet, 16 phages demonstrated significantly lower efficiencies of plating on the mcrB mutant suggesting additional resistance mechanism still restricting phage propagation in CAMSA2038. Thus, our work demonstrates that C. jejuni isolates originating from broilers may have acquired several resistance mechanisms to successfully prevent phage infection in their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine C H Sørensen
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yilmaz Emre Gencay
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Florian Fanger
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mariana A T Chichkova
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mária Mazúrová
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jochen Klumpp
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Nielsen
- Foodborne Infections, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Brøndsted
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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6
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Bloomfield SJ, Midwinter AC, Biggs PJ, French NP, Marshall JC, Hayman DTS, Carter PE, Mather AE, Fayaz A, Thornley C, Kelly DJ, Benschop J. Genomic adaptations of Campylobacter jejuni to long-term human colonization. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:72. [PMID: 34893079 PMCID: PMC8665580 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, and the environments they inhabit around the world. Campylobacter adapt to new environments by changes in their gene content and expression, but little is known about how they adapt to long-term human colonization. In this study, the genomes of 31 isolates from a New Zealand patient and 22 isolates from a United Kingdom patient belonging to Campylobacter jejuni sequence type 45 (ST45) were compared with 209 ST45 genomes from other sources to identify the mechanisms by which Campylobacter adapts to long-term human colonization. In addition, the New Zealand patient had their microbiota investigated using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, and their level of inflammation and immunosuppression analyzed using biochemical tests, to determine how Campylobacter adapts to a changing gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS There was some evidence that long-term colonization led to genome degradation, but more evidence that Campylobacter adapted through the accumulation of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and frameshifts in genes involved in cell motility, signal transduction and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP). The New Zealand patient also displayed considerable variation in their microbiome, inflammation and immunosuppression over five months, and the Campylobacter collected from this patient could be divided into two subpopulations, the proportion of which correlated with the amount of gastrointestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how genomics, phylogenetics, 16S rRNA metabarcoding and biochemical markers can provide insight into how Campylobacter adapts to changing environments within human hosts. This study also demonstrates that long-term human colonization selects for changes in Campylobacter genes involved in cell motility, signal transduction and the MOMP; and that genetically distinct subpopulations of Campylobacter evolve to adapt to the changing gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - David T S Hayman
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Centre of Research Excellence for Complex Systems, Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip E Carter
- Institute of Environmental Science of Research, 34 Kenepuru Drive, Kenepuru, Porirua, 5022, New Zealand
| | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Ahmed Fayaz
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Craig Thornley
- Regional Public Health, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - David J Kelly
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jackie Benschop
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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7
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Campylobacter jejuni in Different Canine Populations: Characteristics and Zoonotic Potential. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112231. [PMID: 34835357 PMCID: PMC8618475 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With most epidemiological studies focused on poultry, dogs are often overlooked as a reservoir of Campylobacter, even though these animals maintain close daily contact with humans. The present study aimed to obtain a first insight into the presence and characteristics of Campylobacter spp. in different canine populations in Portugal, and to evaluate its zoonotic potential through genomic analysis. From a total of 125 rectal swabs collected from companion (n = 71) and hunting dogs (n = 54) living in two different settings, rural (n = 75) and urban (n = 50), 32 Campylobacter spp. isolates were obtained. Four different Campylobacter species were identified by Multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, of which Campylobacter jejuni (n = 14, 44%) was overall the most frequently found species. Relevant resistance phenotypes were detected in C. jejuni, with 93% of the isolates being resistant to ciprofloxacin, 64% to tetracycline, and 57% to ampicillin, and three isolates being multi-drug-resistant. Comparison of the phenotypic and genotypic traits with human isolates from Portuguese patients revealed great similarity between both groups. Particularly relevant, the wgMLST analysis allowed the identification of isolates from human and dogs without any apparent epidemiological relationship, sharing high genetic proximity. Notwithstanding the limited sample size, considering the high genomic diversity of C. jejuni, the genetic overlap between human and dog strains observed in this study confirmed that the occurrence of this species in dogs is of public health concern, reinforcing the call for a One Health approach.
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8
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Mouftah SF, Cobo-Díaz JF, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Elserafy M, Saif NA, Sadat A, El-Shibiny A, Elhadidy M. High-throughput sequencing reveals genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. from farm-to-fork. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253797. [PMID: 34166472 PMCID: PMC8224912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the most common causative agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. Resistance against quinolone and macrolide antimicrobials, the most commonly used therapeutic options, poses a serious risk for campylobacteriosis treatment. Owing to whole genome sequencing advancements for rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, phenotypic and genotypic resistance trends along the "farm-to-fork" continuum can be determined. Here, we examined the resistance trends in 111 Campylobacter isolates (90 C. jejuni and 21 C. coli) recovered from clinical samples, commercial broiler carcasses and dairy products in Cairo, Egypt. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 10% of the isolates, mostly from C. coli. The prevalence of MDR was the highest in isolates collected from broiler carcasses (13.3%), followed by clinical isolates (10.5%), and finally isolates from dairy products (4%). The highest proportion of antimicrobial resistance in both species was against quinolones (ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid) (68.4%), followed by tetracycline (51.3%), then erythromycin (12.6%) and aminoglycosides (streptomycin and/or gentamicin) (5.4%). Similar resistance rates were observed for quinolones, tetracycline, and erythromycin among isolates recovered from broiler carcasses and clinical samples highlighting the contribution of food of animal sources to human illness. Significant associations between phenotypic resistance and putative gene mutations was observed, with a high prevalence of the gyrA T86I substitution among quinolone resistant isolates, tet(O), tet(W), and tet(32) among tetracycline resistant isolates, and 23S rRNA A2075G and A2074T mutations among erythromycin resistant isolates. Emergence of resistance was attributed to the dissemination of resistance genes among various lineages, with the dominance of distinctive clones. For example, sub-lineages of CC828 in C. coli and CC21 in C. jejuni and the genetically related clonal complexes 'CC206 and CC48' and 'CC464, CC353, CC354, CC574', respectively, propagated across different niches sharing semi-homogenous resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa F. Mouftah
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - José F. Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Menattallah Elserafy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Saif
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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9
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Truccollo B, Whyte P, Burgess C, Bolton D. Genetic characterisation of a subset of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from clinical and poultry sources in Ireland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246843. [PMID: 33690659 PMCID: PMC7943001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is a significant and prevalent public health hazard globally. Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently recovered species from human cases and poultry are considered the most important reservoir for its transmission to humans. In this study, 30 Campylobacter jejuni isolates were selected from clinical (n = 15) and broiler (n = 15) sources from a larger cohort, based on source, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The objective of this study was to further characterise the genomes of these isolates including MLST types, population structure, pan-genome, as well as virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. A total of 18 sequence types and 12 clonal complexes were identified. The most common clonal complex was ST-45, which was found in both clinical and broiler samples. We characterised the biological functions that were associated with the core and accessory genomes of the isolates in this study. No significant difference in the prevalence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance determinants was observed between clinical and broiler isolates, although genes associated with severe illness such as neuABC, wlaN and cstIII were only detected in clinical isolates. The ubiquity of virulence factors associated with motility, invasion and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) synthesis in both clinical and broiler C. jejuni genomes and genetic similarities between groups of broiler and clinical C. jejuni reaffirm that C. jejuni from poultry remains a significant threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendha Truccollo
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Catherine Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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10
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Khan MF, Machuca MA, Rahman MM, Koç C, Norton RS, Smith BJ, Roujeinikova A. Structure-Activity Relationship Study Reveals the Molecular Basis for Specific Sensing of Hydrophobic Amino Acids by the Campylobacter jejuni Chemoreceptor Tlp3. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050744. [PMID: 32403336 PMCID: PMC7277094 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis is an important virulence factor of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Inactivation of chemoreceptor Tlp3 reduces the ability of C. jejuni to invade human and chicken cells and to colonise the jejunal mucosa of mice. Knowledge of the structure of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of Tlp3 in complex with its ligands is essential for a full understanding of the molecular recognition underpinning chemotaxis. To date, the only structure in complex with a signal molecule is Tlp3 LBD bound to isoleucine. Here, we used in vitro and in silico screening to identify eight additional small molecules that signal through Tlp3 as attractants by directly binding to its LBD, and determined the crystal structures of their complexes. All new ligands (leucine, valine, α-amino-N-valeric acid, 4-methylisoleucine, β-methylnorleucine, 3-methylisoleucine, alanine, and phenylalanine) are nonpolar amino acids chemically and structurally similar to isoleucine. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the hydrophobic side-chain binding pocket and conserved protein residues that interact with the ammonium and carboxylate groups of the ligands determine the specificity of this chemoreceptor. The uptake of hydrophobic amino acids plays an important role in intestinal colonisation by C. jejuni, and our study suggests that C. jejuni seeks out hydrophobic amino acids using chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F. Khan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; (M.F.K.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mayra A. Machuca
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; (M.F.K.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammad M. Rahman
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; (M.F.K.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cengiz Koç
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; (M.F.K.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Brian J. Smith
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia;
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; (M.F.K.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-399029294
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11
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Hetman BM, Mutschall SK, Carrillo CD, Thomas JE, Gannon VPJ, Inglis GD, Taboada EN. "These Aren't the Strains You're Looking for": Recovery Bias of Common Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes in Mixed Cultures. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32328044 PMCID: PMC7160300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiological surveillance of the food chain plays a critical role in improving our understanding of the distribution and circulation of food-borne pathogens along the farm to fork continuum toward the development of interventions to reduce the burden of illness. The application of molecular subtyping to bacterial isolates collected through surveillance has led to the identification of strains posing the greatest risk to public health. Past evidence suggests that enrichment methods for Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial foodborne pathogen worldwide, may lead to the differential recovery of subtypes, obscuring our ability to infer the composition of a mixed-strain sample and potentially biasing prevalence estimates in surveillance data. To assess the extent of potential selection bias resulting from enrichment-based isolation methods, we compared enrichment and non-enrichment isolation of mixed subtype cultures of C. jejuni, followed by subtype-specific enumeration using both colony plate-counts and digital droplet PCR. Results differed from the null hypothesis that similar proportions of C. jejuni subtypes are recovered from both methods. Our results also indicated a significant effect of subtype prevalence on isolation frequency post-recovery, with the recovery of more common subtypes being consistently favored. This bias was exacerbated when an enrichment step was included in the isolation procedure. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of selecting multiple colonies per sample, and where possible, the use of both enrichment and non-enrichment isolation procedures to maximize the likelihood of recovering multiple subtypes present in a sample. Moreover, the effects of subtype-specific recovery bias should be considered in the interpretation of strain prevalence data toward improved risk assessment from microbiological surveillance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hetman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Steven K Mutschall
- National Centre for Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James E Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Victor P J Gannon
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - G Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo N Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Kim J, Guk JH, Mun SH, An JU, Kim W, Lee S, Song H, Seong JK, Suh JG, Cho S. The Wild Mouse ( Micromys minutus): Reservoir of a Novel Campylobacter jejuni Strain. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3066. [PMID: 31993041 PMCID: PMC6971111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Although the main sources of human C. jejuni infection are livestock, wildlife can also affect C. jejuni transmission in humans. However, it remains unclear whether wild mice harbor C. jejuni and are involved in the "environment-wildlife-livestock-human" transmission cycle of C. jejuni in humans. Here, we characterized C. jejuni from wild mice and identified genetic traces of wild mouse-derived C. jejuni in other hosts using a traditional approach, along with comparative genomics. We captured 115 wild mice (49 Mus musculus and 66 Micromys minutus) without any clinical symptoms from 22 sesame fields in Korea over 2 years. Among them, M. minutus were typically caught in remote areas of human houses and C. jejuni was solely isolated from M. minutus (42/66, 63.6%). We identified a single clone (MLST ST-8388) in all 42 C. jejuni isolates, which had not been previously reported, and all isolates had the same virulence/survival-factor profile, except for the plasmid-mediated virB11 gene. No isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance, either in phenotypic and genetic terms. Comparative-genomic analysis and MST revealed that C. jejuni derived from M. minutus (strain SCJK2) was not genetically related to those derived from other sources (registered in the NCBI genome database and PubMLST database). Therefore, we hypothesize that C. jejuni from M. minutus is a normal component of the gut flora following adaptation to the gastro-intestinal tract. Furthermore, M. minutus-derived C. jejuni had different ancestral lineages from those derived from other sources, and there was a low chance of C. jejuni transmission from M. minutus to humans/livestock because of their habitat. In conclusion, M. minutus may be a potential reservoir for a novel C. jejuni, which is genetically different from those of other sources, but may not be involved in the transmission of C. jejuni to other hosts, including humans and livestock. This study could form the basis for further studies focused on understanding the transmission cycle of C. jejuni, as well as other zoonotic pathogens originating from wild mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Gyo Suh
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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de Fátima Rauber Würfel S, Jorge S, de Oliveira NR, Kremer FS, Sanchez CD, Campos VF, da Silva Pinto L, da Silva WP, Dellagostin OA. Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry meat in Brazil: in silico analysis and genomic features of two strains with different phenotypes of antimicrobial susceptibility. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:671-681. [PMID: 31749118 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide and is among the antimicrobial resistant "priority pathogens" that pose greatest threat to public health. The genomes of two C. jejuni isolated from poultry meat sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil phenotypically characterized as multidrug-resistant (CJ100) and susceptible (CJ104) were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatic tools. The isolates CJ100 and CJ104 showed distinct multilocus sequence types (MLST). Comparative genomic analysis revealed a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms, rearrangements, and inversions in both genomes, in addition to virulence factors, genomic islands, prophage sequences, and insertion sequences. A circular 103-kilobase megaplasmid carrying virulence factors was identified in the genome of CJ100, in addition to resistance mechanisms to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. The molecular characterization of distinct phenotypes of foodborne C. jejuni and the discovery of a novel virulence megaplasmid provide useful data for pan-genome and large-scale studies to monitor the virulent C. jejuni in poultry meat is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sérgio Jorge
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Domingues Sanchez
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Farias Campos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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14
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Cody AJ, Maiden MC, Strachan NJ, McCarthy ND. A systematic review of source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using multilocus sequence typing. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1800696. [PMID: 31662159 PMCID: PMC6820127 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.43.1800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacter is a leading global cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, motivating research to identify sources of human infection. Population genetic studies have been increasingly applied to this end, mainly using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data.ObjectivesThis review aimed to summarise approaches and findings of these studies and identify best practice lessons for this form of genomic epidemiology.MethodsWe systematically reviewed publications using MLST data to attribute human disease isolates to source. Publications were from January 2001, when this type of approach began. Searched databases included Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. Information on samples and isolate datasets used, as well as MLST schemes and attribution algorithms employed, was obtained. Main findings were extracted, as well as any results' validation with subsequent correction for identified biases. Meta-analysis is not reported given high levels of heterogeneity.ResultsOf 2,109 studies retrieved worldwide, 25 were included, and poultry, specifically chickens, were identified as principal source of human infection. Ruminants (cattle or sheep) were consistently implicated in a substantial proportion of cases. Data sampling and analytical approaches varied, with five different attribution algorithms used. Validation such as self-attribution of isolates from known sources was reported in five publications. No publication reported adjustment for biases identified by validation.ConclusionsCommon gaps in validation and adjustment highlight opportunities to generate improved estimates in future genomic attribution studies. The consistency of chicken as the main source of human infection, across high income countries, and despite methodological variations, highlights the public health importance of this source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Cj Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norval Jc Strachan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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15
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Wieczorek K, Osek J. Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from the Poultry Food Chain. J Vet Res 2019; 63:35-40. [PMID: 30989133 PMCID: PMC6458563 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most frequently reported causes of foodborne bacterial enteric disease worldwide. The main source of these microorganisms is contaminated food, especially of poultry origin. There are several molecular methods for differentiation of Campylobacter isolates at the subgenus level, and one of these is porA-typing based on the sequencing of the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) encoding gene. The aim of the study was to test the molecular relationship of C. jejuni strains isolated at different points along the poultry food chain and assess the population structure of the isolates. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 451 C. jejuni were used in the study, and a DNA fragment of 630 bp of the MOMP encoding gene was amplified and sequenced. RESULTS One hundred and ten sequence types were identified, with 69 (62.7%) unique to the isolates' origin and 30 not present in the database. The most prevalent nucleotide variant 1 was detected in 37 (8.2%) strains. These isolates were identified in all poultry sources tested, especially in faeces (15 isolates) but also in poultry carcasses and meat (11 isolates in each). CONCLUSION The porA typing method was highly discriminative for C. jejuni of poultry origin since the Simpson's diversity index (D) achieved a value of 0.876, indicating considerable diversity in the bacterial population tested. The method may be further used for epidemiological investigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
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16
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Mohan V, Habib I. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), porA and flaA typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from cats attending a veterinary clinic. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 30717780 PMCID: PMC6360738 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Campylobacter is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and pet ownership is a risk factor for infection. To study the occurrence, species distribution and sequence-based types of Campylobacter spp. in pet cats, 82 faecal samples were collected from cats in New Zealand. The PCR positive samples of Campylobacter jejuni were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), major outer membrane protein gene (porA) and flagellin A gene (flaA) sequence typing. RESULTS Seven faecal samples were tested positive for Campylobacter spp. (9%, or 4-17% at 95% confidence interval), of which six were identified as C. jejuni, and one was C. upsaliensis. The six C. jejuni isolates were characterised by MLST; four belonged to ST-45 clonal complex and two of the isolates could not be typed. Two flaA-SVR types were identified: three samples were flaA-SVR type 8 and one belonged to 239. By combining all data, three isolates were indistinguishable with allelic combinations of ST-45, flaA-SVR 8, porA 44, although no epidemiological connection between these isolates could be established. To conclude, healthy cats can carry C. jejuni, whose detected genetic diversity is limited. The isolated sequence type ST-45 is frequently reported in human illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Mohan
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Ricke SC, Feye KM, Chaney WE, Shi Z, Pavlidis H, Yang Y. Developments in Rapid Detection Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Campylobacter in the United States. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3280. [PMID: 30728816 PMCID: PMC6351486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. is critical for optimal surveillance throughout poultry processing in the United States. The further development of highly specific and sensitive assays to detect Campylobacter in poultry matrices has tremendous utility and potential for aiding the reduction of foodborne illness. The introduction and development of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of the food industry to identify the presence of foodborne pathogens throughout poultry production. Further innovations in various methodologies, such as immune-based typing and detection as well as high throughput analyses, will provide important epidemiological data such as the identification of unique or region-specific Campylobacter. Comparable to traditional microbiology and enrichment techniques, molecular techniques/methods have the potential to have improved sensitivity and specificity, as well as speed of data acquisition. This review will focus on the development and application of rapid molecular methods for identifying and quantifying Campylobacter in U.S. poultry and the emergence of novel methods that are faster and more precise than traditional microbiological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristina M. Feye
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Zhaohao Shi
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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18
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Johansson H, Ellström P, Artursson K, Berg C, Bonnedahl J, Hansson I, Hernandez J, Lopez-Martín J, Medina-Vogel G, Moreno L, Olsen B, Olsson Engvall E, Skarin H, Troell K, Waldenström J, Ågren J, González-Acuña D. Characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolated from wild birds in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206502. [PMID: 30412585 PMCID: PMC6226163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of knowledge of naturally occurring pathogens is limiting our ability to use the Antarctic to study the impact human-mediated introduction of infectious microorganisms have on this relatively uncontaminated environment. As no large-scale coordinated effort to remedy this lack of knowledge has taken place, we rely on smaller targeted efforts to both study present microorganisms and monitor the environment for introductions. In one such effort, we isolated Campylobacter species from fecal samples collected from wild birds in the Antarctic Peninsula and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Indeed, in South Georgia, we found Campylobacter lari and the closely related Campylobacter peloridis, but also distantly related human-associated multilocus sequence types of Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast, in the Antarctic Peninsula, we found C. lari and two closely related species, Campylobacter subantarcticus and Campylobacter volucris, but no signs of human introduction. In fact, our finding of human-associated sequence types of C. jejuni in South Georgia, but not in the Antarctic Peninsula, suggests that efforts to limit the spread of infectious microorganisms to the Antarctic have so far been successful in preventing the introduction of C. jejuni. However, we do not know how it came to South Georgia and whether the same mode of introduction could spread it from there to the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Johansson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Charlotte Berg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Juana Lopez-Martín
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucila Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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19
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Atterby C, Mourkas E, Méric G, Pascoe B, Wang H, Waldenström J, Sheppard SK, Olsen B, Järhult JD, Ellström P. The Potential of Isolation Source to Predict Colonization in Avian Hosts: A Case Study in Campylobacter jejuni Strains From Three Bird Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:591. [PMID: 29651281 PMCID: PMC5884941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, infecting humans mostly through consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni is common in the gut of wild birds, and shows distinct strain-specific association to particular bird species. This contrasts with farm animals, in which several genotypes co-exist. It is unclear if the barriers restricting transmission between host species of such specialist strains are related to environmental factors such as contact between host species, bacterial survival in the environment, etc., or rather to strain specific adaptation to the intestinal environment of specific hosts. We compared colonization dynamics in vivo between two host-specific C. jejuni from a song thrush (ST-1304 complex) and a mallard (ST-995), and a generalist strain from chicken (ST-21 complex) in a wild host, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In 18-days infection experiments, the song thrush strain showed only weak colonization and was cleared from all birds after 10 days, whereas both mallard and chicken strains remained stable. When the chicken strain was given 4 days prior to co-infection of the same birds with a mallard strain, it was rapidly outcompeted by the latter. In contrast, when the mallard strain was given 4 days prior to co-infection with the chicken strain, the mallard strain remained and expansion of the chicken strain was delayed. Our results suggest strain-specific differences in the ability of C. jejuni to colonize mallards, likely associated with host origin. This difference might explain observed host association patterns in C. jejuni from wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Atterby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Romeo L, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Isothiocyanates: An Overview of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Human Infections. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522501 PMCID: PMC6017699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents has been investigated in depth. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive products resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), the most abundant secondary metabolites in the botanical order Brassicales. Although the antimicrobial activity of ITCs against foodborne and plant pathogens has been well documented, little is known about their antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. This review collects studies that focus on this topic. Particular focus will be put on ITCs’ antimicrobial properties and their mechanism of action against human pathogens for which the current therapeutic solutions are deficient and therefore of prime importance for public health. Our purpose was the evaluation of the potential use of ITCs to replace or support the common antibiotics. Even though ITCs appear to be effective against the most important human pathogens, including bacteria with resistant phenotypes, the majority of the studies did not show comparable results and thus it is very difficult to compare the antimicrobial activity of the different ITCs. For this reason, a standard method should be used and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Romeo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Hazeleger WC, Jacobs-Reitsma WF, Lina PHC, de Boer AG, Bosch T, van Hoek AHAM, Beumer RR. Wild, insectivorous bats might be carriers of Campylobacter spp. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190647. [PMID: 29324839 PMCID: PMC5764278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission cycles of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter and Salmonella are not fully elucidated. Knowledge of these cycles may help reduce the transmission of these pathogens to humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The presence of campylobacters and salmonellas was examined in 631 fresh fecal samples of wild insectivorous bats using a specially developed method for the simultaneous isolation of low numbers of these pathogens in small-sized fecal samples (≤ 0.1 g). Salmonella was not detected in the feces samples, but thermotolerant campylobacters were confirmed in 3% (n = 17) of the bats examined and these pathogens were found in six different bat species, at different sites, in different ecosystems during the whole flying season of bats. Molecular typing of the 17 isolated strains indicated C. jejuni (n = 9), C. coli (n = 7) and C. lari (n = 1), including genotypes also found in humans, wildlife, environmental samples and poultry. Six strains showed unique sequence types. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that insectivorous bats are not only carriers of viral pathogens, but they can also be relevant for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. Bats should be considered as carriers and potential transmitters of Campylobacter and, where possible, contact between bats (bat feces) and food or feed should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma C. Hazeleger
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Albert G. de Boer
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rijkelt R. Beumer
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Magana M, Chatzipanagiotou S, Burriel AR, Ioannidis A. Inquiring into the Gaps of Campylobacter Surveillance Methods. Vet Sci 2017; 4:E36. [PMID: 29056694 PMCID: PMC5644652 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common pathogen-related causes of diarrheal illnesses globally and has been recognized as a significant factor of human disease for more than three decades. Molecular typing techniques and their combinations have allowed for species identification among members of the Campylobacter genus with good resolution, but the same tools usually fail to proceed to subtyping of closely related species due to high sequence similarity. This problem is exacerbated by the demanding conditions for isolation and detection from the human, animal or water samples as well as due to the difficulties during laboratory maintenance and long-term storage of the isolates. In an effort to define the ideal typing tool, we underline the strengths and limitations of the typing methodologies currently used to map the broad epidemiologic profile of campylobacteriosis in public health and outbreak investigations. The application of both the old and the new molecular typing tools is discussed and an indirect comparison is presented among the preferred techniques used in current research methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens 15772, Greece.
| | - Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens 15772, Greece.
| | - Angeliki R Burriel
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta 23100, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens 15772, Greece.
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta 23100, Greece.
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Denis M, Nagard B, Rose V, Bourgoin K, Cutimbo M, Kerouanton A. No Clear Differences between Organic or Conventional Pig Farms in the Genetic Diversity or Virulence of Campylobacter coli Isolates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1016. [PMID: 28694791 PMCID: PMC5483432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of pig farm management on the genetic diversity and on the virulence of Campylobacter coli, we characterized isolates from 19 organic pig farms (62 isolates) and from 24 conventional pig farms (58 isolates). The 120 C. coli isolates were typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the presence of nine virulence genes was screened using real-time PCR. The capacity of adhesion and invasion of 61 isolates (32 from organic and 29 from conventional farms) were then tested on human intestinal Caco-2 cells. A total of 59 PFGE types and of 50 sequence types (STs) were identified. Twelve PFGE types and nine STs, accounting for 34 and 41.6% of the isolates, respectively, were common between the two production systems with ST854 dominating (18.3% of the isolates). Twenty-nine PFGE types and 25 STs were only found in isolates from organic farms, and 18 PFGE types and 16 STs from conventional farms. No significant differences were found in diversity despite the differences in rearing systems, except at the locus level for the glnA, gltA, and uncA genes. All isolates, regardless of their origin, carried the ceuE, iam, ciaB, and flaA genes and more than 95% of the isolates carried the cadF and cdtABC genes. No significant differences were found in pathogenicity between the two farming systems. The pathogenicity of the C. coli isolates was low compared to C. jejuni control strains tested. The plasmid gene virb11 was detected in only 13 isolates from organic farms; these isolates showed greater invasion capacity than those without this gene. Our study indicates that pig farm management does not significantly affect the diversity and the virulence of Campylobacter coli isolated from pigs. The common genotypes between conventional and organic farms may indicate that some genotypes are adapted to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Denis
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
| | - Bérengère Nagard
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
| | - Valérie Rose
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
| | - Kévin Bourgoin
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
| | - Mélina Cutimbo
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire UniversityPloufragan, France
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24
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Cody AJ, Bray JE, Jolley KA, McCarthy ND, Maiden MCJ. Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Stable, Comparative Analyses of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Human Disease Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2086-2097. [PMID: 28446571 PMCID: PMC5483910 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00080-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, remains a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in many countries, but the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis outbreaks remains poorly defined, largely due to limitations in the resolution and comparability of isolate characterization methods. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data enable the improvement of sequence-based typing approaches, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), by substantially increasing the number of loci examined. A core genome MLST (cgMLST) scheme defines a comprehensive set of those loci present in most members of a bacterial group, balancing very high resolution with comparability across the diversity of the group. Here we propose a set of 1,343 loci as a human campylobacteriosis cgMLST scheme (v1.0), the allelic profiles of which can be assigned to core genome sequence types. The 1,343 loci chosen were a subset of the 1,643 loci identified in the reannotation of the genome sequence of C. jejuni isolate NCTC 11168, chosen as being present in >95% of draft genomes of 2,472 representative United Kingdom campylobacteriosis isolates, comprising 2,207 (89.3%) C. jejuni isolates and 265 (10.7%) C. coli isolates. Validation of the cgMLST scheme was undertaken with 1,478 further high-quality draft genomes, containing 150 or fewer contiguous sequences, from disease isolate collections: 99.5% of these isolates contained ≥95% of the 1,343 cgMLST loci. In addition to the rapid and effective high-resolution analysis of large numbers of diverse isolates, the cgMLST scheme enabled the efficient identification of very closely related isolates from a well-defined single-source campylobacteriosis outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ramonaite S, Tamuleviciene E, Alter T, Kasnauskyte N, Malakauskas M. MLST genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler products, dairy cattle and human campylobacteriosis cases in Lithuania. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:430. [PMID: 28619013 PMCID: PMC5472909 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is the leading cause of human campylobacteriosis worldwide. We performed a molecular epidemiological study to investigate the genetic relationship among C. jejuni strains isolated from human diarrhoeal patients, broiler products and dairy cattle in Lithuania. Methods The C. jejuni isolates from human clinical cases, dairy cattle and broiler products were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Allele numbers for each housekeeping gene, sequence type (ST), and clonal complex (CC) were assigned by submitting the DNA sequences to the C. jejuni MLST database (http://pubmlst.org/campylobacter). Based on the obtained sequence data of the housekeeping genes a phylogenetic analysis of the strains was performed and a minimum spanning tree (MST) was calculated. Results Among the 262 C. jejuni strains (consisting of 43 strains isolated from dairy cattle, 102 strains isolated from broiler products and 117 clinical human C. jejuni strains), 82 different MLST sequence types and 22 clonal complexes were identified. Clonal complexes CC21 and CC353 predominated among the C. jejuni strains. On ST-level, five sequence types (ST-5, ST-21, ST-50, ST-464 and ST-6410) were dominating and these five STs accounted for 35.9% (n = 94) of our isolates. In addition, 51 (19.5%) C. jejuni strains representing 27 (32.9%) STs were reported for the first time in the PubMLST database (http://pubmlst.org/campylobacter). The highest Czekanowski index or proportional similarity index (PSI) was calculated for C. jejuni strains isolated from human campylobacteriosis cases and broiler products (PSI = 0.32) suggesting a strong link between broiler strains and human cases. The PSI of dairy cattle and human samples was lower (PSI = 0.11), suggesting a weaker link between bovine strains and human cases. The calculated Simpson’s index of all C. jejuni isolates showed a high genetic diversity (D = 0.96). Conclusion Our results suggest that broiler products are the most important source of human campylobacteriosis in Lithuania. The study provides information on MLST type distribution and genetic relatedness of C. jejuni strains from humans, broiler products and dairy cattle in Lithuania for the first time, enabling a better understanding of the transmission pathways of C. jejuni in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Ramonaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus st. 9, LT 44307, Kaunas, LT, Lithuania.
| | - Egle Tamuleviciene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neringa Kasnauskyte
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus st. 9, LT 44307, Kaunas, LT, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus st. 9, LT 44307, Kaunas, LT, Lithuania
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26
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The EpiQuant Framework for Computing Epidemiological Concordance of Microbial Subtyping Data. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1334-1349. [PMID: 28202797 PMCID: PMC5405252 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01945-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental assumption in the use and interpretation of microbial subtyping results for public health investigations is that isolates that appear to be related based on molecular subtyping data are expected to share commonalities with respect to their origin, history, and distribution. Critically, there is currently no approach for systematically assessing the underlying epidemiology of subtyping results. Our aim was to develop a method for directly quantifying the similarity between bacterial isolates using basic sampling metadata and to develop a framework for computing the epidemiological concordance of microbial typing results. We have developed an analytical model that summarizes the similarity of bacterial isolates using basic parameters typically provided in sampling records, using a novel framework (EpiQuant) developed in the R environment for statistical computing. We have applied the EpiQuant framework to a data set comprising 654 isolates of the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni from Canadian surveillance data in order to examine the epidemiological concordance of clusters obtained by using two leading C. jejuni subtyping methods. The EpiQuant framework can be used to directly quantify the similarity of bacterial isolates based on basic sample metadata. These results can then be used to assess the concordance between microbial epidemiological and molecular data, facilitating the objective assessment of subtyping method performance and paving the way for the improved application of molecular subtyping data in investigations of infectious disease.
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27
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Whole genome sequencing and analysis of Campylobacter coli YH502 from retail chicken reveals a plasmid-borne type VI secretion system. GENOMICS DATA 2017; 11:128-131. [PMID: 28217442 PMCID: PMC5302137 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Campylobacter infections, commonly caused by ingestion of undercooked poultry and meat products, can lead to gastroenteritis and chronic reactive arthritis in humans. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful technology that provides comprehensive genetic information about bacteria and is increasingly being applied to study foodborne pathogens: e.g., evolution, epidemiology/outbreak investigation, and detection. Herein we report the complete genome sequence of Campylobacter coli strain YH502 isolated from retail chicken in the United States. WGS, de novo assembly, and annotation of the genome revealed a chromosome of 1,718,974 bp and a mega-plasmid (pCOS502) of 125,964 bp. GC content of the genome was 31.2% with 1931 coding sequences and 53 non-coding RNAs. Multiple virulence factors including a plasmid-borne type VI secretion system and antimicrobial resistance genes (beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycoside) were found. The presence of T6SS in a mobile genetic element (plasmid) suggests plausible horizontal transfer of these virulence genes to other organisms. The C. coli YH502 genome also harbors CRISPR sequences and associated proteins. Phylogenetic analysis based on average nucleotide identity and single nucleotide polymorphisms identified closely related C. coli genomes available in the NCBI database. Taken together, the analyzed genomic data of this potentially virulent strain of C. coli will facilitate further understanding of this important foodborne pathogen most likely leading to better control strategies. The chromosome and plasmid sequences of C. coli YH502 have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers CP018900.1 and CP018901.1, respectively.
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Gundogdu O, da Silva DT, Mohammad B, Elmi A, Wren BW, van Vliet AHM, Dorrell N. The Campylobacter jejuni Oxidative Stress Regulator RrpB Is Associated with a Genomic Hypervariable Region and Altered Oxidative Stress Resistance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2117. [PMID: 28082970 PMCID: PMC5183652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Despite the microaerophilic nature of the bacterium, C. jejuni can survive the atmospheric oxygen conditions in the environment. Bacteria that can survive either within a host or in the environment like C. jejuni require variable responses to survive the stresses associated with exposure to different levels of reactive oxygen species. The MarR-type transcriptional regulators RrpA and RrpB have recently been shown to play a role in controlling both the C. jejuni oxidative and aerobic stress responses. Analysis of 3,746 C. jejuni and 486 C. coli genome sequences showed that whilst rrpA is present in over 99% of C. jejuni strains, the presence of rrpB is restricted and appears to correlate with specific MLST clonal complexes (predominantly ST-21 and ST-61). C. coli strains in contrast lack both rrpA and rrpB. In C. jejuni rrpB+ strains, the rrpB gene is located within a variable genomic region containing the IF subtype of the type I Restriction-Modification (hsd) system, whilst this variable genomic region in C. jejuni rrpB- strains contains the IAB subtype hsd system and not the rrpB gene. C. jejuni rrpB- strains exhibit greater resistance to peroxide and aerobic stress than C. jejuni rrpB+ strains. Inactivation of rrpA resulted in increased sensitivity to peroxide stress in rrpB+ strains, but not in rrpB- strains. Mutation of rrpA resulted in reduced killing of Galleria mellonella larvae and enhanced biofilm formation independent of rrpB status. The oxidative and aerobic stress responses of rrpB- and rrpB+ strains suggest adaptation of C. jejuni within different hosts and niches that can be linked to specific MLST clonal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Daiani T da Silva
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Banaz Mohammad
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
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Zautner AE, Lugert R, Masanta WO, Weig M, Groß U, Bader O. Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni ssp. doylei Isolates Using Mass Spectrometry-based PhyloProteomics (MSPP). J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27842363 DOI: 10.3791/54165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS offers the possibility to differentiate some bacteria not only at the species and subspecies level but even below, at the strain level. Allelic isoforms of the detectable biomarker ions result in isolate-specific mass shifts. Mass spectrometry-based phyloproteomics (MSPP) is a novel technique that combines the mass spectrometric detectable biomarker masses in a scheme that allows deduction of phyloproteomic relations from isolate specific mass shifts compared to a genome sequenced reference strain. The deduced amino acid sequences are then used to calculate MSPP-based dendrograms. Here we describe the workflow of MSPP by typing a Campylobacter jejuni ssp. doylei isolate collection of seven strains. All seven strains were of human origin and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) demonstrated their genetic diversity. MSPP-typing resulted in seven different MSPP sequence types, sufficiently reflecting their phylogenetic relations. The C. jejuni ssp. doylei MSPP scheme includes 14 different biomarker ions, mostly ribosomal proteins in the mass range of 2 to 11 kDa. MSPP can in principle, be adapted to other mass spectrometric platforms with an extended mass range. Therefore, this technique has the potential to become a useful tool for strain level microbial typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Zautner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen;
| | - Raimond Lugert
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | | | - Michael Weig
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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Llarena AK, Zhang J, Vehkala M, Välimäki N, Hakkinen M, Hänninen ML, Roasto M, Mäesaar M, Taboada E, Barker D, Garofolo G, Cammà C, Di Giannatale E, Corander J, Rossi M. Monomorphic genotypes within a generalist lineage of Campylobacter jejuni show signs of global dispersion. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000088. [PMID: 28348829 PMCID: PMC5359405 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decreased costs of genome sequencing have increased the capability to apply whole-genome sequencing to epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic Campylobacter jejuni. However, knowledge of the genetic diversity of this bacteria is vital for inferring relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates and a necessary prerequisite for correct application of this methodology. To address this issue in C. jejuni we investigated the spatial and temporal signals in the genomes of a major clonal complex and generalist lineage, ST-45 CC, by analysing the population structure and genealogy as well as applying genome-wide association analysis of 340 isolates from across Europe collected over a wide time range. The occurrence and strength of the geographical signal varied between sublineages and followed the clonal frame when present, while no evidence of a temporal signal was found. Certain sublineages of ST-45 formed discrete and genetically isolated clades containing isolates with extremely similar genomes regardless of time and location of sampling. Based on a separate data set, these monomorphic genotypes represent successful C. jejuni clones, possibly spread around the globe by rapid animal (migrating birds), food or human movement. In addition, we observed an incongruence between the genealogy of the strains and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), challenging the existing clonal complex definition and the use of whole-genome gene-by-gene hierarchical nomenclature schemes for C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Llarena
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerstone North, New Zealand
| | - Minna Vehkala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Hakkinen
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mati Roasto
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Veterinary and Food Laboratory, VFL, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eduardo Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, c/o Animal Diseases Research Institute, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Dillon Barker
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, c/o Animal Diseases Research Institute, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jukka Corander
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Campylobacter jejuni Fatal Sepsis in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review of a Difficult Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:544. [PMID: 27077849 PMCID: PMC4849000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) bacteremia is difficult to diagnose in individuals with hematological disorders undergoing chemotherapy. The cause can be attributed to the rarity of this infection, to the variable clinical presentation, and to the partial overlapping symptoms underlying the disease. Here, we report a case of a fatal sepsis caused by C. jejuni in a 76-year-old Caucasian man with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient experienced fever associated with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia without hemodynamic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The slow growth of C. jejuni in the blood culture systems and the difficulty in identifying it with conventional biochemical phenotyping methods contributed to the delay of administering a targeted antimicrobial treatment, leading to a fatal outcome. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical for the successful management of C. jejuni infection. Symptoms may be difficult to recognize in immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to increase physician awareness regarding the clinical manifestations of C. jejuni to improve therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the use of more aggressive empirical antimicrobial treatments with aminoglycosides and/or carbapenems should be considered in immunosuppressed patients, in comparison to those currently indicated in the guidelines for cancer-related infections supporting the use of cephalosporins as monotherapy.
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Harvala H, Rosendal T, Lahti E, Engvall EO, Brytting M, Wallensten A, Lindberg A. Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections in Sweden, November 2011-October 2012: is the severity of infection associated with C. jejuni sequence type? Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31079. [PMID: 27059819 PMCID: PMC4826459 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is among the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe. Over 8,000 C. jejuni multilocus sequence typing sequence types (STs) have been described; ST-21 and ST-45 have been identified as the most frequent types in all human studies so far. In contrast to other STs, ST-22 has been associated with the Guillain-Barré syndrome and ST-677 was recently linked to severe systemic infections in Finland. We investigated risk factors associated with hospitalisation in individuals with C. jejuni infections acquired in Sweden. METHODS A total of 1,075 individuals with domestically acquired C. jejuni infection diagnosed between November 2011 and October 2012 in Sweden were included in this retrospective cohort study. Typing data for the isolates as well as clinical data including hospitalisation dates and diagnosis codes for individuals with C. jejuni infection were obtained. Factors associated with hospitalisation and length of hospitalisation were investigated by multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 289 individuals were hospitalised due to C. jejuni infection (26.8%); those with co-morbidities were over 14 times more likely to become hospitalised than those without (odds ratio [OR]: 14.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.84-30.26). Those with underlying co-morbidities were also hospitalised longer than those without (4.22 days vs. 2.86 days), although this was not statistically significant. C. jejuni ST-257 (OR: 2.38; CI: 1.08-5.23), but not ST-22 or ST-677, was significantly associated with hospitalisation. CONCLUSION ST-677 was not associated with increased hospitalisation or a longer hospital stay in our study whilst ST-257 was. However, individuals with C. jejuni infections were generally more frequently hospitalised than previously demonstrated; this requires further consideration including possible targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Harvala
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden; ;
| | | | - Elina Lahti
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva O Engvall
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wallensten
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Lindberg
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mossong J, Mughini-Gras L, Penny C, Devaux A, Olinger C, Losch S, Cauchie HM, van Pelt W, Ragimbeau C. Human Campylobacteriosis in Luxembourg, 2010-2013: A Case-Control Study Combined with Multilocus Sequence Typing for Source Attribution and Risk Factor Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20939. [PMID: 26860258 PMCID: PMC4748240 DOI: 10.1038/srep20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in Luxembourg during recent years. We sought to determine which Campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 Campylobacter jejuni and 136 C. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. A nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for domestic campylobacteriosis was also conducted, including 367 C. jejuni and 48 C. coli cases, and 624 controls. Risk factors were investigated by Campylobacter species, and for strains attributed to different sources using a combined case-control and source attribution analysis. 282 sequence types (STs) were identified: ST-21, ST-48, ST-572, ST-50 and ST-257 were prevailing. Most cases were attributed to poultry (61.2%) and ruminants (33.3%). Consuming chicken outside the home was the dominant risk factor for both Campylobacter species. Newly identified risk factors included contact with garden soil for either species, and consuming beef specifically for C. coli. Poultry-associated campylobacteriosis was linked to poultry consumption in wintertime, and ruminant-associated campylobacteriosis to tap-water provider type. Besides confirming chicken as campylobacteriosis primary source, additional evidence was found for other reservoirs and transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Mossong
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb). PO Box 1 - 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof - 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Penny
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony Devaux
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Olinger
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Losch
- Veterinary Services Administration, Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, 54 av. Gaston Diderich, L-1420 Luxembourg
| | - Henry-Michel Cauchie
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb). PO Box 1 - 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
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Griekspoor P, Hansbro PM, Waldenström J, Olsen B. Campylobacter jejuni sequence types show remarkable spatial and temporal stability in Blackbirds. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:28383. [PMID: 26634844 PMCID: PMC4669312 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.28383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The zoonotic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni has a broad host range but is especially associated with birds, both domestic and wild. Earlier studies have indicated thrushes of the genus Turdus in Europe to be frequently colonized with C. jejuni, and predominately with host-associated specific genotypes. The European Blackbird Turdus merula has a large distribution in Europe, including some oceanic islands, and was also introduced to Australia by European immigrants in the 1850s. Methods The host specificity and temporal stability of European Blackbird C. jejuni was investigated with multilocus sequence typing in a set of isolates collected from Sweden, Australia, and The Azores. Results Remarkably, we found that the Swedish, Australian, and Azorean isolates were genetically highly similar, despite extensive spatial and temporal isolation. This indicates adaptation, exquisite specificity, and stability in time for European Blackbirds, which is in sharp contrast with the high levels of recombination and mutation found in poultry-related C. jejuni genotypes. Conclusion The maintenance of host-specific signals in spatially and temporally separated C. jejuni populations suggests the existence of strong purifying selection for this bacterium in European Blackbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Griekspoor
- Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden;
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, IMBIM, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yeh H, Hiett KL, Line JE, Jagne JF, Lauer DC. Seroprevalence in Chickens against
Campylobacter jejuni
Flagellar Capping Protein (FliD) in Selected Areas of the United States. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:265-70. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐Y. Yeh
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. National Poultry Research Center Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit Athens GA USA
| | - K. L. Hiett
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. National Poultry Research Center Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit Athens GA USA
| | - J. E. Line
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. National Poultry Research Center Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit Athens GA USA
| | - J. F. Jagne
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - D. C. Lauer
- Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory University of Minnesota Willmar MN USA
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Rodrigues RC, Pocheron AL, Hernould M, Haddad N, Tresse O, Cappelier JM. Description of Campylobacter jejuni Bf, an atypical aero-tolerant strain. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:30. [PMID: 26594244 PMCID: PMC4653858 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. This microaerophilic bacterium can survive in aerobic environments, suggesting it has protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. The clinical C. jejuni Bf strain is characterized by an increased resistance to oxygen. This study aimed to characterize the behavior of the clinical C. jejuni Bf strain under an aerobic atmosphere and in response to ROS-promoter agents. METHODS Growth was studied in both aerobic and microaerobic conditions using classic cultivable methods. Electronic microscopy and mreB gene expression were used to evaluate the morphology of this strain under aerobic conditions. The survival under oxidative stress was tested in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat (PQ). RESULTS The results showed that C. jejuni Bf strain can grow aerobically, unlike other strains of C. jejuni tested. Cells of C. jejuni Bf exposed to oxidative stress presented changes in morphology and the gene mreB, responsible for maintaining the bacillary cell morphology, was down-expressed. In aerobically acclimated conditions, C. jejuni Bf exhibited a higher survival rate of 52 % in the presence of H2O2 (1 mM) compared to the reference strain NCTC 11168. Concentrations above 1 mM PQ were lethal for the reference strain but not for C. jejuni Bf. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data highlight the resistance to oxidative stress conditions of C. jejuni Bf, indicating that this microorganism seems more adapted to survival in hostile environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Cristiane Rodrigues
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pocheron
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Hernould
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Odile Tresse
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cappelier
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
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Cody AJ, McCarthy ND, Bray JE, Wimalarathna HML, Colles FM, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Dingle KE, Waldenström J, Maiden MCJ. Wild bird-associated Campylobacter jejuni isolates are a consistent source of human disease, in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:782-8. [PMID: 26109474 PMCID: PMC4755149 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of wild birds as a source of human campylobacteriosis was investigated in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (UK) over a 10 year period. The probable origin of human Campylobacter jejuni genotypes, as described by multilocus sequence typing, was estimated by comparison with reference populations of isolates from farm animals and five wild bird families, using the STRUCTURE algorithm. Wild bird-attributed isolates accounted for between 476 (2.1%) and 543 (3.5%) cases annually. This proportion did not vary significantly by study year (P = 0.934) but varied seasonally, with wild bird-attributed genotypes comprising a greater proportion of isolates during warmer compared with cooler months (P = 0.003). The highest proportion of wild bird-attributed illness occurred in August (P < 0.001), with a significantly lower proportion in November (P = 0.018). Among genotypes attributed to specific groups of wild birds, seasonality was most apparent for Turdidae-attributed isolates, which were absent during cooler, winter months. This study is consistent with some wild bird species representing a persistent source of campylobacteriosis, and contributing a distinctive seasonal pattern to disease burden. If Oxfordshire is representative of the UK as a whole in this respect, these data suggest that the national burden of wild bird-attributed isolates could be in the order of 10,000 annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Protection Agency, London, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kate E Dingle
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ramonaitė S, Novoslavskij A, Zakarienė G, Aksomaitienė J, Malakauskas M. High Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni in Wild Crows and Pigeons. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:559-65. [PMID: 26228635 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence, seasonal variation and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in pigeons and crows over a 1-year period were evaluated. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 166 (34.6 %) out of 480 wild bird faecal samples. The occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in faecal samples was higher among crows (39.2 %) than pigeons (30.0 %), (P < 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni was the most common species detected among wild bird faecal samples (98.2 %). Meanwhile, Campylobacter coli prevalence in wild bird faecal samples was low-6 %. The Simpson's diversity index of C. jejuni flaA RFLP types was lower in pigeons (D = 0.88) compared with C. jejuni isolates detected in crows (D = 0.97). Obtained results revealed that C. jejuni are widely prevalent among crows and pigeons, indicating these wild birds as potential infection sources to humans. Further studies are required to determine crows and pigeons role in zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Ramonaitė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Aleksandr Novoslavskij
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Zakarienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Aksomaitienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Kashoma IP, Kumar A, Sanad YM, Gebreyes W, Kazwala RR, Garabed R, Rajashekara G. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in commercial turkey flocks: a longitudinal study. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:850-60. [PMID: 25184688 PMCID: PMC4284517 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry are recognized as a main reservoir of Campylobacter spp. However, longitudinal studies investigating the persistence of Campylobacter on commercial meat turkeys are rare. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and persistence of genotypically related strains of Campylobacter spp. recovered from three commercial turkey farms in Ohio belonging to a single producer. Eight hundred ten samples were collected from birds aged 1 week to slaughter, consisting of 750 fecal droppings and 60 ceca at slaughter. Overall Campylobacter prevalence was 55.9%. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 72.3% of all isolates as C. coli, 5.3% as C. jejuni, 10.6% as both, and 11.9% as other Campylobacter spp. PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism of the flaA gene subtyping detected 70 types-62 for C. coli and 8 for C. jejuni isolates-with most (80%) of flaA-types constituting farm homogeneous groups. Multilocus sequence typing of 99 selected Campylobacter isolates resulted in 23 sequence types (STs), consisting of 8 STs for C. jejuni and 15 STs for C. coli isolates. Six novel STs-four for C. jejuni and two-for C. coli, were detected. In a subset of isolates (n=98) tested for antimicrobial resistance, the most common resistance was to tetracycline (95%), followed by azithromycin (43%), while 42% and 18% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to florfenicol. C. coli isolates displayed a higher proportion of resistance than C. jejuni to most antimicrobials. This study highlights the high prevalence, genotypic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in commercial turkey from farm to slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac P. Kashoma
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Anand Kumar
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rudovick R. Kazwala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca Garabed
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Ragimbeau C, Colin S, Devaux A, Decruyenaere F, Cauchie HM, Losch S, Penny C, Mossong J. Investigating the host specificity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by sequencing gyrase subunit A. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:205. [PMID: 25163418 PMCID: PMC4156964 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance and field investigations of Campylobacter infections require molecular tools with genetic markers appropriate for tracing purposes, i.e. based on the principle that some Campylobacter lineages acquire a host signature under adaptive selection pressure. We developed a sequence-based method targeting the quinolone resistance determining region within the subunit A of DNA gyrase (gyrA). Host specificity was evaluated by characterizing two collections of Campylobacter jejuni (N = 430) and Campylobacter coli (N = 302) originating from surface waters, domestic mammals and poultry. RESULTS Based on nucleotide identity, a total of 80 gyrA alleles were observed. Thirty nine alleles assigned to C. coli encoding two peptides fell into three clades: two associated with surface waters and one associated with domestic mammals and poultry. The variability in GC content generated by synonymous mutations suggested that surface waters isolates originated from two distinct ecological niches. A total of 42 alleles were recorded from C. jejuni strains and encoded 8 peptides including one lying in a distinct lineage associated with wildlife. Seven of the 23 alleles encoding peptide #1 displayed the synonymous mutation G408A not identified in poultry isolates. By contrast, the substitution Ser22Gly observed in 4 different peptide groups was significantly associated with domestic birds (P = 0.001). The change in amino acid sequences Thr86Ile conferring resistance to quinolones was significantly associated with poultry (P < 0.001) in both C. jejuni and C. coli with 38.7% and 67.9% of quinolone-resistant strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The gyrA typing method presented here is an informative tool as sequences appear to be predictive of particular ecological niches. Combined with multi-locus sequence typing, it could increase the resolution of source attribution, and combined with porA/flaA typing it could be suitable for detecting temporal clusters of human cases. All gyrA alleles identified were deposited in the freely accessible online database http://pubmlst.org/campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ragimbeau
- />National Health Laboratory, Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555 Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Colin
- />Centre de Recherche Public Santé, 1A-B rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Anthony Devaux
- />National Health Laboratory, Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555 Luxembourg
| | - Frédéric Decruyenaere
- />National Health Laboratory, Bacteriology- Parasitology- Mycology, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555 Luxembourg
| | - Henry-Michel Cauchie
- />Département Environnement et Agro-Biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422 Luxembourg
| | - Serge Losch
- />Veterinary Medecine Laboratory, 54, av. Gast Diderich, Luxembourg, L-1420 Luxembourg
| | - Christian Penny
- />Département Environnement et Agro-Biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422 Luxembourg
| | - Joël Mossong
- />National Health Laboratory, Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555 Luxembourg
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Budge GE, Shirley MDF, Jones B, Quill E, Tomkies V, Feil EJ, Brown MA, Haynes EG. Molecular epidemiology and population structure of the honey bee brood pathogen Melissococcus plutonius. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:1588-97. [PMID: 24599072 PMCID: PMC4817608 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of European foulbrood (EFB), which is a serious brood disease of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). EFB remains a threat because of a poor understanding of disease epidemiology. We used a recently published multi-locus sequence typing method to characterise 206 M. plutonius isolates recovered from outbreaks in England and Wales over the course of 2 years. We detected 15 different sequence types (STs), which were resolved by eBURST and phylogenetic analysis into three clonal complexes (CCs) 3, 12 and 13. Single and double locus variants within CC3 were the most abundant and widespread genotypes, accounting for 85% of the cases. In contrast, CCs 12 and 13 were rarer and predominantly found in geographical regions of high sampling intensity, consistent with a more recent introduction and localised spread. K-function analysis and interpoint distance tests revealed significant geographical clustering in five common STs, but pointed to different dispersal patterns between STs. We noted that CCs appeared to vary in pathogenicity and that infection caused by the more pathogenic variants is more likely to lead to honey bee colony destruction, as opposed to treatment. The importance of these findings for improving our understanding of disease aetiology and control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D F Shirley
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Edward G Haynes
- Food and Environment Research Agency, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Colles FM, McCarthy ND, Bliss CM, Layton R, Maiden MCJ. The long-term dynamics of Campylobacter colonizing a free-range broiler breeder flock: an observational study. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:938-46. [PMID: 25588789 PMCID: PMC4390391 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A free-range broiler breeder flock was studied in order to determine the natural patterns of Campylobacter colonization over a period of 63 weeks. Campylobacter sequence types (STs) were not mutually exclusive and on average colonized only 17.7% of the birds tested at any time. Campylobacter STs typically reached a peak in prevalence upon initial detection in the flock before tailing off, although the ST and antigenic flaA short variable region in combination were stable over a number of months. There was evidence that, with a couple of exceptions, the ecology of C. jejuni and C. coli differed, with the latter forming a more stable population. Despite being free range, no newly colonizing STs were detected over a 6-week period in autumn and a 10-week period in winter, towards the end of the study. There was limited evidence that those STs identified among broiler chicken flocks on the same farm site were likely to colonize the breeder flock earlier (R(2) 0.16, P 0.01). These results suggest that there is natural control of Campylobacter dynamics within a flock which could potentially be exploited in designing new intervention strategies, and that the two different species should perhaps be considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Colles
- The Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
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Bianchini V, Borella L, Benedetti V, Parisi A, Miccolupo A, Santoro E, Recordati C, Luini M. Prevalence in bulk tank milk and epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in dairy herds in Northern Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:1832-7. [PMID: 24413598 PMCID: PMC3957646 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03784-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are frequently the cause of human gastroenteritis and have assumed more importance in Italy following the increased consumption of raw milk. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Campylobacter spp. in dairy herds and to investigate the possible sources of bulk milk contamination. Bulk milk from dairy herds (n = 282) was cultured for Campylobacter spp. and Enterobacteriaceae. At three Campylobacter jejuni-positive farms, bovine feces, pigeon intestines, milk, and water points were also investigated. Isolates were identified by PCR and genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). C. jejuni was detected in 34 (12%) bulk milk samples. The strains belonged to 14 sequence types, and the most common clonal complexes were CC-21, CC-48, and CC-403. No association was demonstrated between the presence of C. jejuni and high levels of Enterobacteriaceae in bulk milk. At the three farms examined, C. jejuni was isolated from bovine feces (25/82 [30.5%]), pigeon intestines (13/60 [21.7%]), bulk milk (10/24 [41.7%]), and water points (4/16 [25%]). MLST revealed lineages that were common between milk and bovine feces but distinct between cattle and pigeons. In one herd, C. jejuni with the same genotype was isolated repeatedly from bulk milk and a cow with an udder infection. Our results showed a high prevalence of C. jejuni in bulk milk and suggested that udder excretion, in addition to fecal matter, may be a route of bulk milk contamination. MLST analysis indicated that pigeons are probably not relevant for the transmission of C. jejuni to cattle and for milk contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Borella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Benedetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Putignano (BA), Italy
| | - Angela Miccolupo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Putignano (BA), Italy
| | - Eliana Santoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
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Stone DM, Chander Y, Bekele AZ, Goyal SM, Hariharan H, Tiwari K, Chikweto A, Sharma R. Genotypes, Antibiotic Resistance, and ST-8 Genetic Clone in Campylobacter Isolates from Sheep and Goats in Grenada. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:212864. [PMID: 24693459 PMCID: PMC3944391 DOI: 10.1155/2014/212864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal swabs from 155 sheep and 252 goats from Grenada were evaluated to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., antibiotic resistance, and multilocus sequence types. Fifteen Campylobacter isolates were obtained (14 C. jejuni and 1 C. coli). The prevalence (3.7%) did not differ significantly between sheep (4.5%) and goats (3.2%). Among the seven antimicrobials tested, resistance was only detected for tetracycline (30.8%) and metronidazole (38.5%). Campylobacter isolates showed no significant difference between sheep and goats for type of antimicrobial resistance or percent of resistant isolates. Twelve of the isolates were successfully genotyped consisting of four recognized clonal complexes and three novel sequence types. Importantly, one isolate from one goat was identified as the C. jejuni sequence type-8, a zoonotic and tetracycline-resistant clone reported to be a highly virulent clone associated with ovine abortion in the USA. Although most samples were from comingled sheep and goat production units, there were no shared sequence types between these two host species. None of the sequence types identified in this study have previously been reported in poultry in Grenada, suggesting sheep- and goat-specific Campylobacter clones in Grenada. This is the first report of genotyping of Campylobacter isolates from sheep and goats in the Eastern Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Stone
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, St. George, Grenada
| | - Yogesh Chander
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Aschalew Z. Bekele
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Harry Hariharan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, St. George, Grenada
| | - Keshaw Tiwari
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, St. George, Grenada
| | - Alfred Chikweto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, St. George, Grenada
| | - Ravindra Sharma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, P.O. Box 7, St. George, Grenada
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Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Various Retail Meats by MLST and PFGE. Foods 2014; 3:82-93. [PMID: 28234305 PMCID: PMC5302303 DOI: 10.3390/foods3010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease in the United States. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the two main species of concern to human health and cause approximately 95% of human infections. Molecular typing methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are often used to source track foodborne bacterial pathogens. The aim of the present study was to compare PFGE and MLST in typing strains of C. jejuni and C. coli that were isolated from different Oklahoma retail meat sources. A total of 47 Campylobacter isolates (28 C. jejuni and 19 C. coli) isolated from various retail meat samples (beef, beef livers, pork, chicken, turkey, chicken livers, and chicken gizzards) were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE was able to group the 47 Campylobacter isolates into two major clusters (one for C. jejuni and one for C. coli) but failed to differentiate the isolates according to their source. MLST revealed 21 different sequence types (STs) that belonged to eight different clonal complexes. Twelve of the screened Campylobacter isolates (8 C. jejuni and 4 C. coli) did not show any defined STs. All the defined STs of C. coli isolates belonged to ST-828 complex. The majority of C. jejuni isolates belonged to ST-353, ST-607, ST-52, ST-61, and ST-21 complexes. It is worthy to mention that, while the majority of Campylobacter isolates in this study showed STs that are commonly associated with human infections along with other sources, most of the STs from chicken livers were solely reported in human cases. In conclusion, retail meat Campylobacter isolates tested in this study particularly those from chicken livers showed relatedness to STs commonly associated with humans. Molecular typing, particularly MLST, proved to be a helpful tool in suggesting this relatedness to Campylobacter human isolates.
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Zautner AE, Masanta WO, Tareen AM, Weig M, Lugert R, Groß U, Bader O. Discrimination of multilocus sequence typing-based Campylobacter jejuni subgroups by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:247. [PMID: 24195572 PMCID: PMC4228279 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni, the most common bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis, shows a wide genetic diversity. Previously, we demonstrated by the combination of multi locus sequence typing (MLST)-based UPGMA-clustering and analysis of 16 genetic markers that twelve different C. jejuni subgroups can be distinguished. Among these are two prominent subgroups. The first subgroup contains the majority of hyperinvasive strains and is characterized by a dimeric form of the chemotaxis-receptor Tlp7m+c. The second has an extended amino acid metabolism and is characterized by the presence of a periplasmic asparaginase (ansB) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (ggt). Results Phyloproteomic principal component analysis (PCA) hierarchical clustering of MALDI-TOF based intact cell mass spectrometry (ICMS) spectra was able to group particular C. jejuni subgroups of phylogenetic related isolates in distinct clusters. Especially the aforementioned Tlp7m+c+ and ansB+/ ggt+ subgroups could be discriminated by PCA. Overlay of ICMS spectra of all isolates led to the identification of characteristic biomarker ions for these specific C. jejuni subgroups. Thus, mass peak shifts can be used to identify the C. jejuni subgroup with an extended amino acid metabolism. Conclusions Although the PCA hierarchical clustering of ICMS-spectra groups the tested isolates into a different order as compared to MLST-based UPGMA-clustering, the isolates of the indicator-groups form predominantly coherent clusters. These clusters reflect phenotypic aspects better than phylogenetic clustering, indicating that the genes corresponding to the biomarker ions are phylogenetically coupled to the tested marker genes. Thus, PCA clustering could be an additional tool for analyzing the relatedness of bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Erich Zautner
- UMG-Labor/Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Mohan V, Stevenson M, Marshall J, Fearnhead P, Holland BR, Hotter G, French NP. Campylobacter jejuni colonization and population structure in urban populations of ducks and starlings in New Zealand. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:659-73. [PMID: 23873654 PMCID: PMC3831628 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and the population structure of C. jejuni in European starlings and ducks cohabiting multiple public access sites in an urban area of New Zealand. The country's geographical isolation and relatively recent history of introduction of wild bird species, including the European starling and mallard duck, create an ideal setting to explore the impact of geographical separation on the population biology of C. jejuni, as well as potential public health implications. A total of 716 starling and 720 duck fecal samples were collected and screened for C. jejuni over a 12 month period. This study combined molecular genotyping, population genetics and epidemiological modeling and revealed: (i) higher Campylobacter spp. isolation in starlings (46%) compared with ducks (30%), but similar isolation of C. jejuni in ducks (23%) and starlings (21%), (ii) significant associations between the isolation of Campylobacter spp. and host species, sampling location and time of year using logistic regression, (iii) evidence of population differentiation, as indicated by FST, and host-genotype association with clonal complexes CC ST-177 and CC ST-682 associated with starlings, and clonal complexes CC ST-1034, CC ST-692, and CC ST-1332 associated with ducks, and (iv) greater genetic diversity and genotype richness in ducks compared with starlings. These findings provide evidence that host-associated genotypes, such as the starling-associated ST-177 and ST-682, represent lineages that were introduced with the host species in the 19th century. The isolation of sequence types associated with human disease in New Zealand indicate that wild ducks and starlings need to be considered as a potential public health risk, particularly in urban areas. We applied molecular epidemiology and population genetics to obtain insights in to the population structure, host-species relationships, gene flow and evolution of Campylobacter jejuni in urban ducks and starlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Mohan
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Stabler RA, Larsson JT, Al-Jaberi S, Nielsen EM, Kay E, Tam CC, Higgins CD, Rodrigues LC, Richardson JF, O'Brien SJ, Wren BW. Characterization of water and wildlife strains as a subgroup ofCampylobacter jejuniusing DNA microarrays. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2371-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emily Kay
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London; UK
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MLST genotypes and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry in Grenada. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:794643. [PMID: 23555097 PMCID: PMC3595693 DOI: 10.1155/2013/794643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study determined whether multilocus sequence types (MLST) of Campylobacter from poultry in 2 farms in Grenada, West Indies, differed by farm, antimicrobial resistance and farm antibiotic use. Farm A used fluoroquinolones in the water and Farm B used tetracyclines. The E-test was used to determine resistance of isolates to seven antibiotics. PCR of the IpxA gene confirmed species and MLST was used to characterize 38 isolates. All isolates were either C. jejuni or C. coli. Farm antibiotic use directly correlated with antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates. Almost 80% of the isolates from Farm A were fluoroquinolone resistant and 17.9% of the isolates from Farm B were fluoroquinolone resistant. All Campylobacter isolates from Farm A were tetracycline sensitive, whereas 35.7% of isolates from Farm B were tetracycline resistant. Six previously recognized sequence types (STs) and 2 novel STs were identified. Previously recognized STs were those overwhelmingly reported from poultry and humans globally. Isolates with the same ST did not always have the same antibiotic resistance profile. There was little ST overlap between the farms suggesting that within-farm transmission of Campylobacter genotypes may dominate. MLST typing was useful for tracking Campylobacter spp. among poultry units and can help elucidate Campylobacter host-species population structure and its relevance to human health.
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Multilocus sequence typing and FlaA sequencing reveal the genetic stability of Campylobacter jejuni enrichment during coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2477-9. [PMID: 23377942 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02918-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low concentrations of Campylobacter jejuni cells in environmental samples make them difficult to study with conventional culture methods. Here, we show that enrichment by amoeba cocultures works well with low-concentration samples and that this method can be combined with molecular techniques without loss of genetic specificity.
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