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Khawaja T, Kajova M, Levonen I, Pietilä JP, Välimaa H, Paajanen J, Pakkanen SH, Patjas A, Montonen R, Miettinen S, Virtanen J, Smura T, Sironen T, Fagerlund R, Ugurlu H, Iheozor-Ejiofor R, Saksela K, Vahlberg T, Ranki A, Vierikko A, Ihalainen J, Vapalahti O, Kantele A. Double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of convalescent plasma for COVID-19: analyses by neutralising antibodies homologous to recipients' variants. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:423-433. [PMID: 38513074 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2329957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Convalescent plasma (CP) emerged as potential treatment for COVID-19 early in the pandemic. While efficacy in hospitalised patients has been lacklustre, CP may be beneficial at the first stages of disease. Despite multiple new variants emerging, no trials have involved analyses on variant-specific antibody titres of CP. METHODS We recruited hospitalised COVID-19 patients within 10 days of symptom onset and, employing a double-blinded approach, randomised them to receive 200 ml convalescent plasma with high (HCP) or low (LCP) neutralising antibody (NAb) titre against the ancestral strain (Wuhan-like variant) or placebo in 1:1:1 ratio. Primary endpoints comprised intubation, corticosteroids for symptom aggravation, and safety assessed as serious adverse events. For a preplanned ad hoc analysis, the patients were regrouped by infused CP's NAb titers to variants infecting the recipients i.e. by titres of homologous HCP (hHCP) or LCP (hLCP). RESULTS Of the 57 patients, 18 received HCP, 19 LCP and 20 placebo, all groups smaller than planned. No significant differences were found for primary endpoints. In ad hoc analysis, hHCPrecipients needed significantly less respiratory support, and appeared to be given corticosteroids less frequently (1/14; 7.1%) than those receiving hLCP (9/23; 39.1%) or placebo (8/20; 40%), (p = 0.077). DISCUSSION Our double-blinded, placebo-controlled CP therapy trial remained underpowered and does not allow any firm conclusions for early-stage hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, however, regrouping by homologous - recipients' variant-specific - CP titres suggested benefits for hHCP. We encourage similar re-analysis of ongoing/previous larger CP studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinTrials.gov identifier: NCT0473040.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Khawaja
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kajova
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Levonen
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J P Pietilä
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Välimaa
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Paajanen
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S H Pakkanen
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Patjas
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Montonen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Miettinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Virtanen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Smura
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Fagerlund
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Ugurlu
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Iheozor-Ejiofor
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Centre, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Ranki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Vierikko
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Ihalainen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Centre, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kantele
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- FIMAR, Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Liu D, Cheng Y, Zhou H, Wang L, Fiel RH, Gruenstein Y, Luo JJ, Singh V, Konadu E, James K, Lui C, Gao P, Urban C, Prasad N, Segal-Maurer S, Wurzberger E, Cheng G, Wu A, Rodgers WH. Early Introduction and Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant, New York, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:371-380. [PMID: 36692451 PMCID: PMC9881774 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has become dominant in most countries and has raised significant global health concerns. As a global commerce center, New York, New York, USA, constantly faces the risk for multiple variant introductions of SARS-CoV-2. To elucidate the introduction and transmission of the Omicron variant in the city of New York, we created a comprehensive genomic and epidemiologic analysis of 392 Omicron virus specimens collected during November 25-December 11, 2021. We found evidence of 4 independent introductions of Omicron subclades, including the Omicron subclade BA.1.1 with defining substitution of R346K in the spike protein. The continuous genetic divergence within each Omicron subclade revealed their local community transmission and co-circulation in New York, including both household and workplace transmissions supported by epidemiologic evidence. Our study highlights the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and effective response planning for better prevention and management of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Zárate S, Taboada B, Rosales-Rivera M, García-López R, Muñoz-Medina JE, Sanchez-Flores A, Herrera-Estrella A, Gómez-Gil B, Selem Mojica N, Salas-Lais AG, Vazquez-Perez JA, Cabrera-Gaytán DA, Fernandes-Matano L, Uribe-Noguez LA, Chale-Dzul JB, Maldonado Meza BI, Mejía-Nepomuceno F, Pérez-Padilla R, Gutiérrez-Ríos RM, Loza A, Roche B, López S, Arias CF. Omicron-BA.1 Dispersion Rates in Mexico Varied According to the Regional Epidemic Patterns and the Diversity of Local Delta Subvariants. Viruses 2023; 15:243. [PMID: 36680283 PMCID: PMC9863047 DOI: 10.3390/v15010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Omicron subvariant BA.1 of SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in November 2021 and quickly spread worldwide, displacing the Delta variant. In this work, a characterization of the spread of this variant in Mexico is presented. METHODS The time to fixation of BA.1, the diversity of Delta sublineages, the population density, and the level of virus circulation during the inter-wave interval were determined to analyze differences in BA.1 spread. RESULTS BA.1 began spreading during the first week of December 2021 and became dominant in the next three weeks, causing the fourth COVID-19 epidemiological surge in Mexico. Unlike previous variants, BA.1 did not exhibit a geographically distinct circulation pattern. However, a regional difference in the speed of the replacement of the Delta variant was observed. CONCLUSIONS Viral diversity and the relative abundance of the virus in a particular area around the time of the introduction of a new lineage seem to have influenced the spread dynamics, in addition to population density. Nonetheless, if there is a significant difference in the fitness of the variants, or if the time allowed for the competition is sufficiently long, it seems the fitter virus will eventually become dominant, as observed in the eventual dominance of the BA.1.x variant in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Zárate
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Blanca Taboada
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rosales-Rivera
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo García-López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica Para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Coordinación Regional Mazatlán, Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Mazatlan 82100, Mexico
| | - Nelly Selem Mojica
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58089, Mexico
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Joel Armando Vazquez-Perez
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - David Alejandro Cabrera-Gaytán
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Uribe-Noguez
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, 02990, Mexico
| | - Juan Bautista Chale-Dzul
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Merida 97150, Mexico
| | | | - Fidencio Mejía-Nepomuceno
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Antonio Loza
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Infectious Diseases: Vector, Control, Genetic, Ecology and Evolution (MIVEGEC) Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
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Shi J, Zheng J, Zhang X, Tai W, Odle AE, Perlman S, Du L. RBD-mRNA vaccine induces broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and multiple other variants and protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Transl Res 2022; 248:11-21. [PMID: 35489692 PMCID: PMC9045870 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are identified with higher rates of transmissibility or greater disease severity. Particularly, recent emergence of Omicron variant with rapid human-to-human transmission posts new challenges to the current prevention strategies. In this study, following vaccination with an mRNA vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD-mRNA), we detected serum antibodies that neutralized pseudoviruses expressing spike (S) protein harboring single or multiple mutations, as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants, and evaluated its protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine induced durable antibodies that potently neutralized prototypic strain and B.1.1.7 lineage variant pseudoviruses containing N501Y or D614G mutations alone or in combination with a N439K mutation (B.1.258 lineage), with a L452R mutation (B.1.427 or B.1.429 lineage), or a L452R-E484Q double mutation (B.1.617.1 variant), although neutralizing activity against B.1.1.7 lineage variant containing 10 amino acid changes in the S protein was slightly reduced. The RBD-mRNA-induced antibodies exerted moderate neutralization against authentic B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529 variants, and pseudotyped B.1.351 and P.1 lineage variants containing K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y mutations, the B.1.617.2 lineage variant harboring L452R, T478K, and P681R mutations, and the B.1.1.529 lineage variant containing 38 mutations in the S protein. Particularly, RBD-mRNA vaccine completely protected mice from challenge with a virulent mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variant. Among these lineages, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529 belong to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants, respectively. Our observations reveal that RBD-mRNA vaccine is promising and highlights the need to design novel vaccines with improved neutralization against current and future pandemic SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- e, envelope
- i.d., intradermally
- lnps, lipid nanoparticles
- n, nucleocapsid
- ntd, n-terminal domain
- m, membrane
- pfu, plaque-forming unit
- prnt, plaque reduction neutralization assay
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- s, spike
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
- vlps, virus-like particles
- vocs, variants of concern
- vois, variants of interest
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York
| | - Abby E Odle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Lanying Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York.
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Alba JMG, Pérez-Martínez Z, Boga JA, Rojo-Alba S, de Oña JG, Alvarez-Argüelles ME, Rodríguez GM, Gonzalez IC, González IH, Coto E, García SM. Emergence of New SARS-CoV2 Omicron Variants after the Change of Surveillance and Control Strategy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1954. [PMID: 36296230 PMCID: PMC9610377 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2022, there was a global and rapid surge of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 related to more transmission. This coincided with an increase in the incidence in Asturias, a region where rapid diagnosis and containment measures had limited the circulation of variants. METHODS From January to June 2022, 34,591 variants were determined by the SNP method. From them, 445 were characterized by the WGS method and classified following pangolin program and phylogenic analysis. RESULTS The Omicron variant went from being detected in 2438 (78%) samples in the first week of January 2021 to 4074 (98%) in the third week, according to the SNP method. Using the WGS method, 159 BA.1 (35.7%), 256 BA.2 (57.6%), 1 BA.4 (0.2%) and 10 BA.5 (2.2%) Omicron variants were found. Phylogenetic analysis detected that three new sub-clades, BA.2,3.5, BA.2.56 and BF1, were circulating. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV2 caused the circulation of new emerging variants. Viral evolution calls for continuous genomic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María González Alba
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Pérez-Martínez
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A. Boga
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Rojo-Alba
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez de Oña
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Genetic Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta E. Alvarez-Argüelles
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Garbriel Martín Rodríguez
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Costales Gonzalez
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Eliecer Coto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Genetic Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago Melón García
- Unit of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Colet P, Baizhaxynova A, Mukhtarova K, Alvarez-Mon M, Kanatova K, Asúnsolo A, Sarría-Santamera A. Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths. J Pers Med 2022; 12:995. [PMID: 35743779 PMCID: PMC9225183 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the two years that we have been experiencing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, our challenges have been the race to develop vaccines and the difficulties in fighting against new variants due to the rapid ability of the virus to evolve. In this sense, different organizations have identified and classified the different variants that have been emerging, distinguishing between variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), or variants under monitoring (VUM). The following review aims to describe the latest updates focusing on VOC and already de-escalated variants, as well as to describe the impact these have had on the global situation. Understanding the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system and vaccination is essential to make out the underlying mechanisms that have led to the appearance of these variants, helping to determine the next steps for better public management of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Colet
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ardak Baizhaxynova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kymbat Mukhtarova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Kaznagul Kanatova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio Sarría-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
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7
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Kuitunen I, Artama M, Haapanen M, Renko M. Respiratory virus circulation in children after relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in fall 2021 - a nationwide register study in Finland. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4528-4532. [PMID: 35577532 PMCID: PMC9347728 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social restrictions interrupted the normal respiratory virus circulation in spring 2020. This report describes virus circulation in pediatric population before and after the restrictions ended in Finland in September 2021. METHODS We used data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register. Nationwide influenza A and B, rhinovirus, SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) and RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) findings from January 2018 to December 2021. Age stratified (0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years) weekly incidences per 100,000 children were calculated. RESULTS School and day-care closures interrupted completely the circulation of all other respiratory viruses than rhinovirus in spring 2020. After restrictions were relaxed in September 2021, SARS-Cov-2 detections increased majorly. We observed high RSV season in atypically early. SARS-Cov-2 was detected in older children whereas RSV season peaked especially among children aged under five. Influenza seemed to return to normal circulation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion we report that the ending of social restrictions in September 2021 led to an increase in SARS-Cov-2 detections and high epidemic peaks of RSV and parainfluenza in atypical timing in children. Our results highlight the importance of continuous pathogen surveillance during pandemic, as atypical surges of non-COVID-19 respiratory viruses were observed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Kuitunen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio, Finland.,Mikkeli Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Miia Artama
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Haapanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Renko
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio, Finland
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