1
|
de Vries LE, Huitinga I, Kessels HW, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. The concept of resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: current definitions and cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38589893 PMCID: PMC11003087 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Capogna E, Sørensen Ø, Watne LO, Roe J, Strømstad M, Idland AV, Halaas NB, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Vidal-Piñeiro D. Subtypes of brain change in aging and their associations with cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583291. [PMID: 38496633 PMCID: PMC10942348 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Structural brain changes underly cognitive changes in older age and contribute to inter-individual variability in cognition. Here, we assessed how changes in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume, are related to cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired older adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data-driven clustering. Specifically, we tested (1) which brain structural changes over time predict cognitive change in older age (2) whether these are associated with core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ42), and (3) the degree of overlap between clusters derived from different structural features. In total 1899 cognitively healthy older adults (50 - 93 years) were followed up to 16 years with neuropsychological and structural MRI assessments, a subsample of which (n = 612) had CSF p-tau and Aβ42 measurements. We applied Monte-Carlo Reference-based Consensus clustering to identify subgroups of older adults based on structural brain change patterns over time. Four clusters for each brain feature were identified, representing the degree of longitudinal brain decline. Each brain feature provided a unique contribution to brain aging as clusters were largely independent across modalities. Cognitive change and baseline cognition were best predicted by cortical area change, whereas higher levels of p-tau and Aβ42 were associated with changes in subcortical volume. These results provide insights into the link between changes in brain morphology and cognition, which may translate to a better understanding of different aging trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Capogna
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Strømstad
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus UllevÅl, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seidu NM, Kern S, Sacuiu S, Sterner TR, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lindberg O, Ferreira D, Westman E, Zettergren A, Skoog I. Association of CSF biomarkers with MRI brain changes in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12556. [PMID: 38406609 PMCID: PMC10884990 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The relation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures is poorly understood in cognitively healthy individuals from the general population. Participants' (n = 226) mean age was 70.9 years (SD = 0.4). CSF concentrations of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), neurogranin, and neurofilament light, and volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, total basal forebrain (TBF), and cortical thickness were measured. Linear associations between CSF biomarkers and MRI measures were investigated. In Aβ1-42 positives, higher t-tau and p-tau were associated with smaller hippocampus (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003) and amygdala (P = 0.005 and P = 0.01). In Aβ1-42 negatives, higher t-tau, p-tau, and neurogranin were associated with larger TBF volume (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.01). No associations were observed between the CSF biomarkers and an AD signature score of cortical thickness. AD-specific biomarkers in cognitively healthy 70-year-olds may be related to TBF, hippocampus, and amygdala. Lack of association with cortical thickness might be due to early stage of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazib M Seidu
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age PsychiatrySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Simona Sacuiu
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age PsychiatrySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Cognitive Disorders ClinicTheme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
- UW Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Fernando Pessoa CanariasLas PalmasSpain
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of NeuroimagingCentre for Neuroimaging SciencesInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology (EPINEP)Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP)Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age PsychiatrySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin Y, Lin L, Xiong M, Sun S, Wu SC. Moderating effects of cognitive reserve on the relationship between brain structure and cognitive abilities in middle-aged and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:49-64. [PMID: 37163923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis is reinforced by negative moderating effects, suggesting that those with higher CR are less reliant on brain structure for cognitive function. Previous research on CR's moderating effects yielded inconsistent results, motivating our 3 studies using UK Biobank data. Study I examined five CR proxies' moderating effects on global, lobar, and regional brain-cognition models; study II extended study I by using a larger sample size; and study III investigated age-related moderating effects on the hippocampal regions. In study I, most moderating effects were negative and none survived the multiple comparison correction, but study II identified 13 global-level models with significant negative moderating effects that survived correction. Study III showed age influenced CR proxies' moderating effects in hippocampal regions. Our findings suggest that the effects of CR proxies on brain integrity and cognition varied depending on the proxy used, brain integrity indicators, cognitive domain, and age group. This study offers significant insights regarding the importance of CR for brain integrity and cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Xiong
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Cai Wu
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nissim NR, Harvey DY, Haslam C, Friedman L, Bharne P, Litz G, Phillips JS, Cousins KAQ, Xie SX, Grossman M, Hamilton RH. Through Thick and Thin: Baseline Cortical Volume and Thickness Predict Performance and Response to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:907425. [PMID: 35874157 PMCID: PMC9302040 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.907425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We hypothesized that measures of cortical thickness and volume in language areas would correlate with response to treatment with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in persons with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Materials and Methods In a blinded, within-group crossover study, PPA patients (N = 12) underwent a 2-week intervention HD-tDCS paired with constraint-induced language therapy (CILT). Multi-level linear regression (backward-fitted models) were performed to assess cortical measures as predictors of tDCS-induced naming improvements, measured by the Western Aphasia Battery-naming subtest, from baseline to immediately after and 6 weeks post-intervention. Results Greater baseline thickness of the pars opercularis significantly predicted naming gains (p = 0.03) immediately following intervention, while greater thickness of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and lower thickness of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) significantly predicted 6-week naming gains (p's < 0.02). Thickness did not predict naming gains in sham. Volume did not predict immediate gains for active stimulation. Greater volume of the pars triangularis and MTG, but lower STG volume significantly predicted 6-week naming gains in active stimulation. Greater pars orbitalis and MTG volume, and lower STG volume predicted immediate naming gains in sham (p's < 0.05). Volume did not predict 6-week naming gains in sham. Conclusion Cortical thickness and volume were predictive of tDCS-induced naming improvement in PPA patients. The finding that frontal thickness predicted immediate active tDCS-induced naming gains while temporal areas predicted naming changes at 6-week suggests that a broader network of regions may be important for long-term maintenance of treatment gains. The finding that volume predicted immediate naming performance in the sham condition may reflect the benefits of behavioral speech language therapy and neural correlates of its short-lived treatment gains. Collectively, thickness and volume were predictive of treatment gains in the active condition but not sham, suggesting that pairing HD-tDCS with CILT may be important for maintaining treatment effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Nissim
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, United States
| | - Denise Y. Harvey
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Haslam
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leah Friedman
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pandurang Bharne
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Geneva Litz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Phillips
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katheryn A. Q. Cousins
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sharon X. Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roy H. Hamilton
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gianattasio KZ, Bennett EE, Wei J, Mehrotra ML, Mosley T, Gottesman RF, Wong DF, Stuart EA, Griswold ME, Couper D, Glymour MM, Power MC. Generalizability of findings from a clinical sample to a community-based sample: A comparison of ADNI and ARIC. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1265-1276. [PMID: 33527720 PMCID: PMC8359773 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinic-based study samples, including the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), offer rich data, but findings may not generalize to community-based settings. We compared associations in ADNI to those in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to assess generalizability across the two settings. METHODS We estimated cohort-specific associations among risk factors, cognitive test scores, and neuroimaging outcomes to identify and quantify the extent of significant and substantively meaningful differences in associations between cohorts. We explored whether using more homogenous samples improved comparability in effect estimates. RESULTS The proportion of associations that differed significantly between cohorts ranged from 27% to 34% across sample subsets. Many differences were substantively meaningful (e.g., odds ratios [OR] for apolipoprotein E ε4 on amyloid positivity in ARIC: OR = 2.8, in ADNI: OR = 8.6). DISCUSSION A higher proportion of associations differed significantly and substantively than would be expected by chance. Findings in clinical samples should be confirmed in more representative samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Z Gianattasio
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erin E Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jingkai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Megha L Mehrotra
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Babiloni C, Ferri R, Noce G, Lizio R, Lopez S, Lorenzo I, Panzavolta A, Soricelli A, Nobili F, Arnaldi D, Famà F, Orzi F, Buttinelli C, Giubilei F, Cipollini V, Marizzoni M, Güntekin B, Aktürk T, Hanoğlu L, Yener G, Özbek Y, Stocchi F, Vacca L, Frisoni GB, Del Percio C. Abnormalities of Cortical Sources of Resting State Alpha Electroencephalographic Rhythms are Related to Education Attainment in Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors and Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2220-2237. [PMID: 33251540 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal old (Nold) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) persons, a high cognitive reserve (CR) makes them more resistant and resilient to brain neuropathology and neurodegeneration. Here, we tested whether these effects may affect neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms generating dominant resting state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms in Nold and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (ADMCI). Data in 60 Nold and 70 ADMCI participants, stratified in higher (Edu+) and lower (Edu-) educational attainment subgroups, were available in an Italian-Turkish archive. The subgroups were matched for age, gender, and education. RsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. As compared to the Nold-Edu- subgroup, the Nold-Edu+ subgroup showed greater alpha source activations topographically widespread. On the contrary, in relation to the ADMCI-Edu- subgroup, the ADMCI-Edu+ subgroup displayed lower alpha source activations topographically widespread. Furthermore, the 2 ADMCI subgroups had matched cerebrospinal AD diagnostic biomarkers, brain gray-white matter measures, and neuropsychological scores. The current findings suggest that a high CR may be related to changes in rsEEG alpha rhythms in Nold and ADMCI persons. These changes may underlie neuroprotective effects in Nold seniors and subtend functional compensatory mechanisms unrelated to brain structure alterations in ADMCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Lopez
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Panzavolta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Orzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buttinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Giubilei
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Cipollini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoğlu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özbek
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vacca
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lindberg O, Kern S, Skoog J, Machado A, Pereira JB, Sacuiu SF, Wahlund LO, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Zettergren A, Westman E, Skoog I. Effects of amyloid pathology and the APOE ε4 allele on the association between cerebrospinal fluid Aβ38 and Aβ40 and brain morphology in cognitively normal 70-years-olds. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:1-12. [PMID: 33548794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) Aβ38 or Aβ40 and brain grey- and white matter integrity is poorly understood. We studied this in 213 cognitively normal 70-year-olds, and in subgroups defined by presence/absence of the APOE ε4 allele and Aβ pathology: Aβ-/APOE-, Aβ+/APOE-, Aβ-/APOE+ and Aβ+/APOE+. CSF Aβ was quantified using ELISA and genotyping for APOE was performed. Low CSF Aβ42 defined Aβ plaque pathology. Brain volumes were assessed using Freesurfer-5.3, and white matter integrity using tract-based statistics in FSL. Aβ38 and Aβ40 were positively correlated with cortical thickness, some subcortical volumes and white matter integrity in the total sample, and in 3 of the subgroups: Aβ-/APOE-, Aβ+/APOE- and Aβ-/APOE+. In Aβ+/APOE+ subjects, higher Aβ38 and Aβ40 were linked to reduced cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. We hypothesize that production of all Aβ species decrease in brain regions with atrophy. In Aβ+/APOE+, Aβ-dysregulation may be linked to cortical atrophy in which high Aβ levels is causing pathological changes in the gray matter of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silke Kern
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Mölndal, Sweden; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Mölndal, Sweden; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simona F Sacuiu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Mölndal, Sweden; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Mölndal, Sweden; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang DW, Wang SM, Na HR, Kim NY, Lim HK, Lee CU. Differential Impact of Education on Gray Matter Volume According to Sex in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: Whole Brain Surface-Based Morphometry. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644148. [PMID: 33746800 PMCID: PMC7973038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of educational status on brain structural measurements depends on demographic and clinical factors in cognitively healthy older adults. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of interaction between years of education and sex on gray matter volume and to investigate whether cortical volume has a differential impact on cognitive function according to sex. Methods: One hundred twenty-one subjects between 60 and 85 years old were included in this study. Gray matter volume was evaluated by whole brain surface-based morphometry. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of sex-cortical volume interactions on cognitive functions. Results: There was a significant interaction between years of education and sex on the cortical volume of the left inferior temporal gyrus after adjusting for age, APOE ε4 allele prevalence, and total intracranial volume. In addition, we found a significant impact of the interaction between adjusted left inferior temporal volume and sex on CERAD-K total scores. Conclusion: These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how sex could affect the role of cognitive reserve for cortical atrophy in cognitively intact older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ran Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nak-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Babiloni C, Lopez S, Del Percio C, Noce G, Pascarelli MT, Lizio R, Teipel SJ, González-Escamilla G, Bakardjian H, George N, Cavedo E, Lista S, Chiesa PA, Vergallo A, Lemercier P, Spinelli G, Grothe MJ, Potier MC, Stocchi F, Ferri R, Habert MO, Fraga FJ, Dubois B, Hampel H. Resting-state posterior alpha rhythms are abnormal in subjective memory complaint seniors with preclinical Alzheimer's neuropathology and high education level: the INSIGHT-preAD study. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:43-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
11
|
Ferreira D, Nordberg A, Westman E. Biological subtypes of Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2020; 94:436-448. [PMID: 32047067 PMCID: PMC7238917 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that distinct subtypes of Alzheimer disease (AD) exist and underlie the heterogeneity within AD, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on AD subtype studies based on postmortem and neuroimaging data. METHODS EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were consulted until July 2019. RESULTS Neuropathology and neuroimaging studies have consistently identified 3 subtypes of AD based on the distribution of tau-related pathology and regional brain atrophy: typical, limbic-predominant, and hippocampal-sparing AD. A fourth subtype, minimal atrophy AD, has been identified in several neuroimaging studies. Typical AD displays tau-related pathology and atrophy both in hippocampus and association cortex and has a pooled frequency of 55%. Limbic-predominant, hippocampal-sparing, and minimal atrophy AD had a pooled frequency of 21%, 17%, and 15%, respectively. Between-subtype differences were found in age at onset, age at assessment, sex distribution, years of education, global cognitive status, disease duration, APOE ε4 genotype, and CSF biomarker levels. CONCLUSION We identified 2 core dimensions of heterogeneity: typicality and severity. We propose that these 2 dimensions determine individuals' belonging to one of the AD subtypes based on the combination of protective factors, risk factors, and concomitant non-AD brain pathologies. This model is envisioned to aid with framing hypotheses, study design, interpretation of results, and understanding mechanisms in future subtype studies. Our model can be used along the A/T/N classification scheme for AD biomarkers. Unraveling the heterogeneity within AD is critical for implementing precision medicine approaches and for ultimately developing successful disease-modifying drugs for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (D.F., A.N., E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (D.F., A.N., E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Westman
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (D.F., A.N., E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; and Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalzendorf J, Brueggen K, Teipel S. Cognitive Reserve Is Not Associated With Hippocampal Microstructure in Older Adults Without Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:380. [PMID: 32226374 PMCID: PMC7081775 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mean Diffusivity (MD) as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to detect microstructural alterations of the brain's gray matter (GM). A previous study found that higher education, which is a proxy for cognitive reserve (CR), was related to decreased hippocampal MD in middle-aged healthy adults, indicating decreased microstructural damage in more educated participants. Based on this study, we aimed at determining the role of hippocampal GM MD in the interaction of AD pathology and CR in older people without dementia. Method We used a sample of 52 cognitively normal people and 38 participants with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) from the ADNI database. MCI and cognitively normal participants were analyzed separately. Using linear models, we regressed hippocampal GM MD on CR (quantified by a composite score), amyloid status and the interaction of both, adjusting for age, gender and memory score. Results CR was not associated with hippocampal GM MD and hippocampal GM volume. Also, no interaction of amyloid status and CR was found. Conclusion Our results do not confirm an association of CR and hippocampal GM MD in older adults. In contrast to previous studies, we did not find an association between CR and microstructural, nor macrostructural alterations of the hippocampus in older adults. More research is needed to determine the influence of CR on hippocampal microstructural integrity in relation to age and AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kalzendorf
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Teipel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giovacchini G, Giovannini E, Borsò E, Lazzeri P, Riondato M, Leoncini R, Duce V, Mansi L, Ciarmiello A. The brain cognitive reserve hypothesis: A review with emphasis on the contribution of nuclear medicine neuroimaging techniques. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14865-14872. [PMID: 30784080 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathological and clinical evidence indicates that the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs as neuropathology exceeds the brain reserve capacity. The brain or cognitive reserve (BCR) hypothesis states that high premorbid intelligence, education, and an active and stimulating lifestyle provide reserve capacity, which acts as a buffer against the cognitive deficits due to accumulating neuropathology. Neuroimaging studies that assessed the BCR hypothesis are critically reviewed with emphasis on study design and statistical analysis. Many studies were performed in the last two decades owing to the increasing availability of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography scanners and to the synthesis of new radiopharmaceuticals, including tracers for amyloid and tau proteins. Studies with different tracers provided complementary consistent results supporting the BCR hypothesis. Many studies were appropriately designed with a measure of reserve, a measure of brain anatomy/function/neuropathology, and a measure of cognitive functions that are necessary. Most of the early studies were performed with PET and [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose, and occasionally with [ 15 O]water, reporting a significant association between higher occupation/education and lower glucose metabolism (blood flow) in associative temporo-parietal cortex in patients with AD and also in patients with MCI, after correcting for the degree in the cognitive impairment. On the contrary, performances on several neuropsychological tests increased with increasing education for participants with elevated [ 11 C]PiB uptake. Studies with the tracers specific for tau protein showed that patients with AD with elevated tau deposits had higher cognitive performances compared with patients with similar levels of tau deposits. BCR in AD is also associated with a preserved cholinergic function. The BCR hypothesis has been validated with methodologically sound study designs and sophisticated neuroimaging techniques using different radiotracers and providing an explanation for neuropathological and clinical observations on patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Borsò
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lazzeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Riondato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Rossella Leoncini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Valerio Duce
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciarmiello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petrone PM, Casamitjana A, Falcon C, Artigues M, Operto G, Cacciaglia R, Molinuevo JL, Vilaplana V, Gispert JD. Prediction of amyloid pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals using voxel-wise analysis of longitudinal structural brain MRI. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:72. [PMID: 31421683 PMCID: PMC6698344 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has unveiled specific alterations at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiologic continuum constituting what has been established as “AD signature”. To what extent MRI can detect amyloid-related cerebral changes from structural MRI in cognitively unimpaired individuals is still an area open for exploration. Method Longitudinal 3D-T1 MRI scans were acquired from a subset of the ADNI cohort comprising 403 subjects: 79 controls (Ctrls), 50 preclinical AD (PreAD), and 274 MCI and dementia due to AD (MCI/AD). Amyloid CSF was used as gold-standard measure with established cutoffs (< 192 pg/mL) to establish diagnostic categories. Cognitively unimpaired individuals were defined as Ctrls if were amyloid negative and PreAD otherwise. The MCI/AD group was amyloid positive. Only subjects with the same diagnostic category at baseline and follow-up visits were considered for the study. Longitudinal morphometric analysis was performed using SPM12 to calculate Jacobian determinant maps. Statistical analysis was carried out on these Jacobian maps to identify structural changes that were significantly different between diagnostic categories. A machine learning classifier was applied on Jacobian determinant maps to predict the presence of abnormal amyloid levels in cognitively unimpaired individuals. The performance of this classifier was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and as a function of the follow-up time between MRI scans. We applied a cost function to assess the benefit of using this classifier in the triaging of individuals in a clinical trial-recruitment setting. Results The optimal follow-up time for classification of Ctrls vs PreAD was Δt > 2.5 years, and hence, only subjects within this temporal span are used for evaluation (15 Ctrls, 10 PreAD). The longitudinal voxel-based classifier achieved an AUC = 0.87 (95%CI 0.72–0.97). The brain regions that showed the highest discriminative power to detect amyloid abnormalities were the medial, inferior, and lateral temporal lobes; precuneus; caudate heads; basal forebrain; and lateral ventricles. Conclusions Our work supports that machine learning applied to longitudinal brain volumetric changes can be used to predict, with high precision, the presence of amyloid abnormalities in cognitively unimpaired subjects. Used as a triaging method to identify a fixed number of amyloid-positive individuals, this longitudinal voxel-wise classifier is expected to avoid 55% of unnecessary CSF and/or PET scans and reduce economic cost by 40%. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0526-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Petrone
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Casamitjana
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, edifici D5 Campus Nord UPC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Miquel Artigues
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, edifici D5 Campus Nord UPC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Vilaplana
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, edifici D5 Campus Nord UPC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Subcortical amyloid relates to cortical morphology in cognitively normal individuals. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2358-2369. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Franzmeier N, Düzel E, Jessen F, Buerger K, Levin J, Duering M, Dichgans M, Haass C, Suárez-Calvet M, Fagan AM, Paumier K, Benzinger T, Masters CL, Morris JC, Perneczky R, Janowitz D, Catak C, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Ramirez A, Rossor M, Jucker M, Chhatwal J, Spottke A, Boecker H, Brosseron F, Falkai P, Fliessbach K, Heneka MT, Laske C, Nestor P, Peters O, Fuentes M, Menne F, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Franke C, Schneider A, Kofler B, Westerteicher C, Speck O, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Araque Caballero MÁ, Metzger C, Bittner D, Weiner M, Lee JH, Salloway S, Danek A, Goate A, Schofield PR, Bateman RJ, Ewers M. Left frontal hub connectivity delays cognitive impairment in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2019; 141:1186-1200. [PMID: 29462334 PMCID: PMC5888938 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease vary in their ability to sustain cognitive abilities in the presence of brain pathology. A major open question is which brain mechanisms may support higher reserve capacity, i.e. relatively high cognitive performance at a given level of Alzheimer’s pathology. Higher functional MRI-assessed functional connectivity of a hub in the left frontal cortex is a core candidate brain mechanism underlying reserve as it is associated with education (i.e. a protective factor often associated with higher reserve) and attenuated cognitive impairment in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. However, no study has yet assessed whether such hub connectivity of the left frontal cortex supports reserve throughout the evolution of pathological brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease, including the presymptomatic stage when cognitive decline is subtle. To address this research gap, we obtained cross-sectional resting state functional MRI in 74 participants with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease, 55 controls from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network and 75 amyloid-positive elderly participants, as well as 41 amyloid-negative cognitively normal elderly subjects from the German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases multicentre study on biomarkers in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. For each participant, global left frontal cortex connectivity was computed as the average resting state functional connectivity between the left frontal cortex (seed) and each voxel in the grey matter. As a marker of disease stage, we applied estimated years from symptom onset in autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cases. In both autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients, higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity were correlated with greater education. For autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease, a significant left frontal cortex connectivity × estimated years of onset interaction was found, indicating slower decline of memory and global cognition at higher levels of connectivity. Similarly, in sporadic amyloid-positive elderly subjects, the effect of tau on cognition was attenuated at higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the trajectory of cognitive decline was shifted towards a later stage of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity. Together, our findings suggest that higher resilience against the development of cognitive impairment throughout the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease is at least partially attributable to higher left frontal cortex-hub connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katrina Paumier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK.,West London Mental Health Trust, 13 Uxbridge Road, UB1 3EU London, UK
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cihan Catak
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown HealthCare Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown HealthCare Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Nestor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Menne
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Westerteicher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Araque Caballero
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bittner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Weiner
- University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA94143, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Characterizing the Molecular Architecture of Cortical Regions Associated with High Educational Attainment in Older Individuals. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4566-4575. [PMID: 30962275 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2370-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging investigations have revealed interindividual variations in anatomy, metabolism, activity, and connectivity of specific cortical association areas through which years of education (YoE), as a common proxy of cognitive reserve, may operate in the face of age- or pathology-associated brain changes. However, the associated molecular properties of YoE-related brain regions and the biological pathways involved remain poorly understood. In the present study we first identified brain areas that showed an association between cortical thickness and YoE among 122 cognitively healthy older human individuals (87 female). We subsequently characterized molecular properties of these regions by studying brain-wide microarray measurements of regional gene expression. In accordance with previous studies, we observed that YoE were associated with higher cortical thickness in medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal areas. Compared with the rest of the cortex, these regions exhibited a distinct gene expression profile characterized by relative upregulation of gene sets implicated in ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmission as well as activation of immune response. Our genome-wide expression profile analysis of YoE-related brain regions points to distinct molecular pathways that may underlie a higher capacity for plastic changes in response to lifetime intellectual enrichment and potentially also a higher resilience to age-related pathologic brain changes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We combined a neuroimaging-based analysis with a transcriptome-wide gene expression approach to investigate the molecular-functional properties of cortical regions associated with educational attainment, as a commonly used proxy for cognitive reserve, in older individuals. The strongest association with education was observed in specific areas of the medial prefrontal cortex, and these areas exhibited a distinct gene expression profile characterized by relative upregulation of gene sets implicated in neurotransmission and immune responses. These findings complement previous neuroimaging studies in the field and point to novel biological pathways that may mediate the beneficial effects of high educational attainment on adaptability to cope with, or prevent, age-related brain changes. The identified genes and pathways now warrant further exploration in mechanistic studies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Weiler M, Casseb RF, de Campos BM, de Ligo Teixeira CV, Carletti-Cassani AFMK, Vicentini JE, Magalhães TNC, de Almeira DQ, Talib LL, Forlenza OV, Balthazar MLF, Castellano G. Cognitive Reserve Relates to Functional Network Efficiency in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:255. [PMID: 30186154 PMCID: PMC6111617 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with no means of cure or prevention. The presence of abnormal disease-related proteins in the population is, in turn, much more common than the incidence of dementia. In this context, the cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis has been proposed to explain the discontinuity between pathophysiological and clinical expression of AD, suggesting that CR mitigates the effects of pathology on clinical expression and cognition. fMRI studies of the human connectome have recently reported that AD patients present diminished functional efficiency in resting-state networks, leading to a loss in information flow and cognitive processing. No study has investigated, however, whether CR modifies the effects of the pathology in functional network efficiency in AD patients. We analyzed the relationship between CR, pathophysiology and network efficiency, and whether CR modifies the relationship between them. Fourteen mild AD, 28 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD, and 28 controls were enrolled. We used education to measure CR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to evaluate pathophysiology, and graph metrics to measure network efficiency. We found no relationship between CR and CSF biomarkers; CR was related to higher network efficiency in all groups; and abnormal levels of CSF protein biomarkers were related to more efficient networks in the AD group. Education modified the effects of tau-related pathology in the aMCI and mild AD groups. Although higher CR might not protect individuals from developing AD pathophysiology, AD patients with higher CR are better able to cope with the effects of pathology—presenting more efficient networks despite pathology burden. The present study highlights that interventions focusing on cognitive stimulation might be useful to slow age-related cognitive decline or dementia and lengthen healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Neurophysics Group, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, Cosmic Rays and Chronology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fernandes Casseb
- Neurophysics Group, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, Cosmic Rays and Chronology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Brunno Machado de Campos
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jéssica Elias Vicentini
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Queiroz de Almeira
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leda Leme Talib
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Castellano
- Neurophysics Group, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, Cosmic Rays and Chronology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Longitudinal structural cerebral changes related to core CSF biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A study of two independent datasets. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:190-201. [PMID: 30023169 PMCID: PMC6050455 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ42) accompanied by brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Several recent studies have shown that Aβ42 accumulation is associated with gray matter (GM) changes prior to the development of cognitive impairment, in the so-called preclinical stage of the AD (pre-AD). It also has been proved that the GM atrophy profile is not linear, both in normal ageing but, especially, on AD. However, several other factors may influence this association and may have an impact on the generalization of results from different samples. In this work, we estimate differences in rates of GM volume change in cognitively healthy elders in association with baseline core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and assess to what these differences are sample dependent. We report the dependence of atrophy rates, measured in a two-year interval, on Aβ42, computed both over continuous and categorical values of Aβ42, at voxel-level (p < 0.001; k < 100) and corrected for sex, age and education. Analyses were performed jointly and separately, on two samples. The first sample was formed of 31 individuals (22 Ctrl and 9 pre-AD), aged 60–80 and recruited at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. The second sample was a replica of the first one with subjects selected from the ADNI dataset. We also investigated the dependence of the GM atrophy rate on the basal levels of continuous p-tau and on the p-tau/Aβ42 ratio. Correlation analyses on the whole sample showed a dependence of GM atrophy rates on Aβ42 in medial and orbital frontal, precuneus, cingulate, medial temporal regions and cerebellum. Correlations with p-tau were located in the left hippocampus, parahippocampus and striatal nuclei whereas correlation with p-tau/Aβ42 was mainly found in ventral and medial temporal areas. Regarding analyses performed separately, we found a substantial discrepancy of results between samples, illustrating the complexities of comparing two independent datasets even when using the same inclusion criteria. Such discrepancies may lead to significant differences in the sample size needed to detect a particular reduction on cerebral atrophy rates in prevention trials. Higher cognitive reserve and more advanced pathological progression in the ADNI sample could partially account for the observed discrepancies. Taken together, our findings in these two samples highlight the importance of comparing and merging independent datasets to draw more robust and generalizable conclusions on the structural changes in the preclinical stages of AD. GM atrophy rates depends differently on values of CSF Aβ42 than on CSF p-tau in the preclinical stage of AD. Discrepant results were obtained. Although nominally equivalent, samples might reflect different time-windows in the AD continuum. It is necessary a further effort to standardize CSF-biomarkers measures and thresholds to make different samples to be directly comparable.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADNI, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ42, amyloid beta
- CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating
- CSF biomarkers
- CSF, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid
- Ctrl, control
- DI, divergences of the longitudinal deformations
- ELISA, Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
- FWE, Family Wise Error
- GM, gray matter
- HCB, Hospital Clinic Barcelona
- L, left
- Longitudinal VBM
- MMSE, Mini Mental State examination
- PLR, pairwise longitudinal registration
- Preclinical Alzheimer's disease
- R, right
- ROI, region of interest
- TIV, total intracranial volume
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- WM, white matter
- p-tau, phosphorylated tau
- preAD, preclinical Alzheimer's disease
- t-tau, total tau
Collapse
|
20
|
Cerebral changes and disrupted gray matter cortical networks in asymptomatic older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 64:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Kang DW, Lim HK, Joo SH, Lee NR, Lee CU. The association between hippocampal subfield volumes and education in cognitively normal older adults and amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:143-152. [PMID: 29379287 PMCID: PMC5757976 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s151659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has indicated that there are potential associations between education and total hippocampal volume in the trajectory of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the correlation between education and hippocampal subfield volumes in the progression of AD has yet to be understood. This study examined the relationship between education, which is a standard proxy for cognitive reserve, and hippocampal subfield volumes in healthy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-eight subjects with aMCI and 39 healthy control subjects underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging, and hippocampal subfield volumes were measured by automated segmentation. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between education and hippocampal subfield volumes. RESULTS Education had a significant negative correlation with the left parasubiculum, presubiculum, and subiculum volumes in the aMCI group. In addition, multiple subfield volumes including left parasubiculum, left/right presubiculum, left cornus ammonis (CA)3, and left CA4 showed a significant correlation with the neuropsychological test scores in the control group and aMCI group. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a better understanding of the association between education, hippocampal subfield volumes, and amnestic cognitive functions in the early phase of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeoui-do St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Na Rae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Darby RR, Brickhouse M, Wolk DA, Dickerson BC. Effects of cognitive reserve depend on executive and semantic demands of the task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88. [PMID: 28630377 PMCID: PMC5963955 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) is one factor that helps to maintain cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the effects of CR depend on the semantic/executive components of the task remains unknown. METHODS 470 patients (138 with AD, 332 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Linear regression models were used to determine the effects of CR (years of education) on cognitive performance after controlling for demographic factors and regional cortical atrophy. First, we assessed memory tasks with low (Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) discriminability), moderate (AVLT delayed recall) and high (Logical Memory Test (LMT) delayed recall) executive/semantic components. Next, we assessed tasks with lower (digit span forward, Trails A) or higher (digit span backwards, Trails B) executive demands, and lower (figure copying) or higher (naming, semantic fluency) semantic demands. RESULTS High CR was significantly associated with performance on the LMT delayed recall, approached significance in the AVLT delayed recall and was not significantly associated with performance on AVLT discriminability. High CR was significantly associated with performance on the Trails B and digit span backwards, mildly associated with Trails A performance and was not associated with performance on digit span forwards. High CR was associated with performance on semantic but not visuospatial tasks. High CR was associated with semantic tasks in patients with both MCI and AD, but was only associated with executive functions in patients with MCI. CONCLUSION CR may relate to executive functioning and semantic knowledge, leading to preserved cognitive performance in patients with AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ryan Darby
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Loenhoud AC, Wink AM, Groot C, Verfaillie SCJ, Twisk J, Barkhof F, van Berckel B, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R. A neuroimaging approach to capture cognitive reserve: Application to Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2017. [PMID: 28631336 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) explains interindividual differences in the ability to maintain cognitive function in the presence of neuropathology. We developed a neuroimaging approach including a measure of brain atrophy and cognition to capture this construct. In a group of 511 Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker-positive subjects in different stages across the disease spectrum, we performed 3T magnetic resonance imaging and predicted gray matter (GM) volume in each voxel based on cognitive performance (i.e. a global cognitive composite score), adjusted for age, sex, disease stage, premorbid brain size (i.e. intracranial volume) and scanner type. We used standardized individual differences between predicted and observed GM volume (i.e. W-scores) as an operational measure of CR. To validate this method, we showed that education correlated with mean W-scores in whole-brain (r = -0.090, P < 0.05) and temporoparietal (r = -0.122, P < 0.01) masks, indicating that higher education was associated with more CR (i.e. greater atrophy than predicted from cognitive performance). In a voxel-wise analysis, this effect was most prominent in the right inferior and middle temporal and right superior lateral occipital cortex (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Furthermore, survival analyses among subjects in the pre-dementia stage revealed that the W-scores predicted conversion to more advanced disease stages (whole-brain: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.464, P < 0.05; temporoparietal: HR = 0.397, P < 0.001). Our neuroimaging approach captures CR with high anatomical detail and at an individual level. This standardized method is applicable to various brain diseases or CR proxies and can flexibly incorporate different neuroimaging modalities and cognitive parameters, making it a promising tool for scientific and clinical purposes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4703-4715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C van Loenhoud
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Groot
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C J Verfaillie
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sala-Llonch R, Idland AV, Borza T, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Brækhus A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Inflammation, Amyloid, and Atrophy in The Aging Brain: Relationships with Longitudinal Changes in Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:829-840. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Borza
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bruun Wyller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Brækhus
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Longitudinal brain structural changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:499-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
26
|
Vaqué-Alcázar L, Sala-Llonch R, Valls-Pedret C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Fernández-Cabello S, Bargalló N, Ros E, Bartrés-Faz D. Differential age-related gray and white matter impact mediates educational influence on elders’ cognition. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:318-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Ferreira D, Bartrés-Faz D, Nygren L, Rundkvist LJ, Molina Y, Machado A, Junqué C, Barroso J, Westman E. Different reserve proxies confer overlapping and unique endurance to cortical thinning in healthy middle-aged adults. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:375-383. [PMID: 27263072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate different proxies of brain and cognitive reserve as potential mediators of the effect of cortical thinning on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. METHODS Eighty-two middle-aged individuals were included (mean(SD) age=45.1(3.9)years). Cortical thickness was calculated for multiple brain regions using FreeSurfer. Cognitive measures sensitive to early cognitive decline were selected, including Block Design from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT), Color Trails Test (CTT), and first learning trial of TAVEC (the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT). Brain reserve was operationalized as total intracranial volume (TIV); and cognitive reserve was estimated by means of Years of Education, WAIS-III Vocabulary subtest, WAIS-III Information subtest, and a Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ). Mediation effects were investigated with multiple linear regression and bootstrapping analysis. RESULTS Information and Vocabulary showed the greatest mediation capacity. All the observed mediations were positive indicating that higher levels of reserve attenuate the effect of reduced cortical thickness on cognition. Information, Vocabulary and TIV buffered the effect of frontal thinning on Block Design; Vocabulary and Years of Education buffered the effect of frontal thinning on JLOT; and CRQ buffered the effect of temporal thinning on CTT. CONCLUSION Higher reserve buffers the effect of cortical thinning on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. The investigated proxies might be underpinned by slightly different neural networks. Advancing in the understanding of the influences of reserve in healthy middle-aged adults is crucial to facilitate early interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Casanova-Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linn Nygren
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh J Rundkvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Casanova-Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tijms BM, Kate MT, Wink AM, Visser PJ, Ecay M, Clerigue M, Estanga A, Garcia Sebastian M, Izagirre A, Villanua J, Martinez Lage P, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Sanz Arigita E, Barkhof F. Gray matter network disruptions and amyloid beta in cognitively normal adults. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:154-160. [PMID: 26559882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter networks are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unclear when these disruptions start during the development of AD. Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) is among the earliest changes in AD. We studied, in cognitively healthy adults, the relationship between Aβ42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and single-subject cortical gray matter network measures. Single-subject gray matter networks were extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans in a sample of cognitively healthy adults (N = 185; age range 39-79, mini-mental state examination >25, N = 12 showed abnormal Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL). Degree, clustering coefficient, and path length were computed at whole brain level and for 90 anatomical areas. Associations between continuous Aβ42 CSF levels and single-subject cortical gray matter network measures were tested. Smoothing splines were used to determine whether a linear or nonlinear relationship gave a better fit to the data. Lower Aβ42 CSF levels were linearly associated at whole brain level with lower connectivity density, and nonlinearly with lower clustering values and higher path length values, which is indicative of a less-efficient network organization. These relationships were specific to medial temporal areas, precuneus, and the middle frontal gyrus (all p < 0.05). These results suggest that mostly within the normal spectrum of amyloid, lower Aβ42 levels can be related to gray matter networks disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian Ecay
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Estanga
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Izagirre
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia Unit, Osatek SA, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Gonneaud J, Fouquet M, Perrotin A, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Egret S, De la Sayette V, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Interaction between years of education and APOE ε4 status on frontal and temporal metabolism. Neurology 2015; 85:1392-9. [PMID: 26408498 PMCID: PMC4626241 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine interactions between years of education and APOE ε4 status on gray matter volume and metabolism in cognitively healthy participants. Methods: Seventy-two healthy participants (28 APOE ε4 carriers and 44 noncarriers; from 23 to 84 years of age) with FDG-PET and structural MRI were included. A subgroup also underwent florbetapir-PET. We tested the interaction effect between years of education and APOE ε4 status (carrier vs noncarrier) on FDG-PET and structural MRI within the whole brain (voxel-wise) adjusting for age and sex. Computed florbetapir standardized uptake value ratios were used for complementary analyses. Results: We found an interaction between years of education and APOE ε4 status on frontotemporal FDG-PET metabolism, such that higher education was positively related to frontotemporal metabolism only in APOE ε4 carriers. Complementary analyses revealed that (1) this interaction was independent from amyloid load; (2) increased metabolism in APOE ε4 carriers in this region correlated with episodic memory performances; (3) lower educated APOE ε4 carriers showed decreased metabolism relative to noncarriers in medial temporal and prefrontal areas, while higher educated carriers were comparable to noncarriers in these areas and showed increased metabolism in the middle temporal lobe. Conclusions: Our results showed that education may counteract the effects of APOE ε4 on metabolism independently of amyloid deposition. Higher metabolism in higher (compared to lower) educated APOE ε4 carriers was found in regions that sustain episodic memory. Overall, our results point to education as a protective factor that may help to postpone cognitive changes in APOE ε4 carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Marine Fouquet
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Stéphanie Egret
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Vincent De la Sayette
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- From INSERM U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.) and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., V.D.l.S., B.D., G.C.), UMR-S1077; CHU de Caen, U1077 (E.M.A.-U., J.G., M.F., A.P., F.M., B.L., S.E., B.D., G.C.); and CHU de Caen (S.E., V.D.l.S.), Service de Neurologie, Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Wirth M, Chételat G. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle: moving towards preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:134. [PMID: 26321944 PMCID: PMC4530312 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The large majority of neuroimaging studies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients have supported the idea that lifestyle factors may protect against the clinical manifestations of AD rather than influence AD neuropathological processes (the cognitive reserve hypothesis). This evidence argues in favor of the hypothesis that lifestyle factors act as moderators between AD pathology and cognition, i.e., through indirect compensatory mechanisms. In this review, we identify emerging evidence in cognitively normal older adults that relate lifestyle factors to established AD neuroimaging biomarkers. While some of these investigations are in agreement with the compensatory view of cognitive reserve, other studies have revealed new clues on the neural mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of lifestyle factors on the brain. Specifically, they provide novel evidence suggesting direct effects of lifestyle factors on AD neuropathological processes. We propose a tentative theoretical model where lifestyle factors may act via direct neuroprotective and/or indirect compensatory mechanisms. Importantly, we suggest that neuroprotective mechanisms may have a major role during early stages and compensatory mechanisms in later stages of the disease. In the absence of an effective treatment for AD and considering the potential of lifestyle factors in AD prevention, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying lifestyle effects on the brain seems crucial. We hope to provide an integrative view that may help to better understand the complex effects of lifestyle factors on AD neuropathological processes, starting from the preclinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, U1077 Caen, France
| | - Miranka Wirth
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, U1077 Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077 Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, U1077 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Lu Y, Wang MC, Selnes O, Albert M, Brown T, Ratnanather JT, Younes L, Miller MI. Relationship of medial temporal lobe atrophy, APOE genotype, and cognitive reserve in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2826-41. [PMID: 25879865 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the utility of baseline and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of medial temporal lobe brain regions collected when participants were cognitively normal and largely in middle age (mean age 57 years) to predict the time to onset of clinical symptoms associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, we examined whether the relationship between MRI measures and clinical symptom onset was modified by apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and level of cognitive reserve (CR). MRI scans and measures of CR were obtained at baseline from 245 participants who had been followed for up to 18 years (mean follow-up 11 years). A composite score based on reading, vocabulary, and years of education was used as an index of CR. Cox regression models showed that lower baseline volume of the right hippocampus and smaller baseline thickness of the right entorhinal cortex predicted the time to symptom onset independently of CR and ApoE-ɛ4 genotype, which also predicted the onset of symptoms. The atrophy rates of bilateral entorhinal cortex and amygdala volumes were also associated with time to symptom onset, independent of CR, ApoE genotype, and baseline volume. Only one measure, the left entorhinal cortex baseline volume, interacted with CR, such that smaller volumes predicted symptom onset only in individuals with lower CR. These results suggest that MRI measures of medial temporal atrophy, ApoE-ɛ4 genotype, and the protective effects of higher CR all predict the time to onset of symptoms associated with MCI in a largely independent, additive manner during the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ola Selnes
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Brown
- Center for Imaging Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Younes
- Center for Imaging Science and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Center for Imaging Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Erickson KI, Leckie RL, Weinstein AM, Radchenkova P, Sutton BP, Prakash RS, Voss MW, Chaddock-Heyman L, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Education mitigates age-related decline in N-Acetylaspartate levels. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00311. [PMID: 25798329 PMCID: PMC4356844 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater educational attainment is associated with better neurocognitive health in older adults and is thought to reflect a measure of cognitive reserve. In vivo neuroimaging tools have begun to identify the brain systems and networks potentially responsible for reserve. METHODS We examined the relationship between education, a commonly used proxy for cognitive reserve, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in neurologically healthy older adults (N=135; mean age=66 years). Using single voxel MR spectroscopy, we predicted that higher levels of education would moderate an age-related decline in NAA in the frontal cortex. RESULTS After controlling for the variance associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, sex, annual income, and creatine levels, there were no significant main effects of education (B=0.016, P=0.787) or age (B=-0.058, P=0.204) on NAA levels. However, consistent with our predictions, there was a significant education X age interaction such that more years of education offset an age-related decline in NAA (B=0.025, P=0.031). When examining working memory via the backwards digit span task, longer span length was associated with greater education (P<0.01) and showed a trend with greater NAA concentrations (P<0.06); however, there was no age X education interaction on digit span performance nor a significant moderated mediation effect between age, education, and NAA on digit span performance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that higher levels of education may attenuate an age-related reduction in neuronal viability in the frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina L Leckie
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea M Weinstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Radchenkova
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois ; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois ; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molinuevo JL, Ripolles P, Simó M, Lladó A, Olives J, Balasa M, Antonell A, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Rami L. White matter changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion tensor imaging study on cognitively normal older people with positive amyloid β protein 42 levels. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2671-2680. [PMID: 25002037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging measures to determine the existence of white matter microstructural differences in the preclinical phases of Alzheimer's disease, assessing cognitively normal older individuals with positive amyloid β protein (Aβ42) levels (CN_Aβ42+) on the basis of normal cognition and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels below 500 pg/mL. Nineteen CN_Aβ42+ and 19 subjects with Aβ42 levels above 500 pg/mL (CN_Aβ42-) were included. We encountered increases in axial diffusivity (AxD) in CN_Aβ42+ relative to CN_Aβ42- in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus bilaterally, and also in the left fornix, left uncinate fasciculus, and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. However, no differences were found in other diffusion tensor imaging indexes. Cognitive reserve scores were positively associated with AxD exclusively in the CN_Aβ42+ group. The finding of AxD alteration together with preserved fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity indexes in the CN_Aβ42+ group may indicate that, subtle axonal changes may be happening in the preclinical phases of Alzheimer's disease, whereas white matter integrity is still widely preserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ripolles
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Simó
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fjell AM, McEvoy L, Holland D, Dale AM, Walhovd KB. What is normal in normal aging? Effects of aging, amyloid and Alzheimer's disease on the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 117:20-40. [PMID: 24548606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
What can be expected in normal aging, and where does normal aging stop and pathological neurodegeneration begin? With the slow progression of age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is difficult to distinguish age-related changes from effects of undetected disease. We review recent research on changes of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus in aging and the borders between normal aging and AD. We argue that prominent cortical reductions are evident in fronto-temporal regions in elderly even with low probability of AD, including regions overlapping the default mode network. Importantly, these regions show high levels of amyloid deposition in AD, and are both structurally and functionally vulnerable early in the disease. This normalcy-pathology homology is critical to understand, since aging itself is the major risk factor for sporadic AD. Thus, rather than necessarily reflecting early signs of disease, these changes may be part of normal aging, and may inform on why the aging brain is so much more susceptible to AD than is the younger brain. We suggest that regions characterized by a high degree of life-long plasticity are vulnerable to detrimental effects of normal aging, and that this age-vulnerability renders them more susceptible to additional, pathological AD-related changes. We conclude that it will be difficult to understand AD without understanding why it preferably affects older brains, and that we need a model that accounts for age-related changes in AD-vulnerable regions independently of AD-pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Linda McEvoy
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dominic Holland
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gold BT, Johnson NF, Powell DK. Lifelong bilingualism contributes to cognitive reserve against white matter integrity declines in aging. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2841-6. [PMID: 24103400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve (CR) in normal aging. However, there is currently no neuroimaging evidence to suggest that lifelong bilinguals can retain normal cognitive functioning in the face of age-related neurodegeneration. Here we explored this issue by comparing white matter (WM) integrity and gray matter (GM) volumetric patterns of older adult lifelong bilinguals (N=20) and monolinguals (N=20). The groups were matched on a range of relevant cognitive test scores and on the established CR variables of education, socioeconomic status and intelligence. Participants underwent high-resolution structural imaging for assessment of GM volume and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for assessment of WM integrity. Results indicated significantly lower microstructural integrity in the bilingual group in several WM tracts. In particular, compared to their monolingual peers, the bilingual group showed lower fractional anisotropy and/or higher radial diffusivity in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus bilaterally, the fornix, and multiple portions of the corpus callosum. There were no group differences in GM volume. Our results suggest that lifelong bilingualism contributes to CR against WM integrity declines in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gold
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Li S, Wang MC, Moghekar A, Selnes OA, Albert M, O'Brien R. Relationship of cognitive reserve and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to the emergence of clinical symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2827-34. [PMID: 23916061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as measured in cerebrospinal fluid, have been associated with the risk of progressing from normal cognition to onset of clinical symptoms during preclinical Alzheimer's disease. We examined whether cognitive reserve (CR) modifies this association. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained at baseline from 239 participants (mean age, 57.2 years) who had been followed for up to 17 years with clinical and cognitive assessments (mean follow-up, 8 years). A composite score based on the National Adult Reading Test, vocabulary, and years of education at baseline was used as an index of CR. Cox regression models showed that the increased risk of progressing from normal cognition to symptom onset was associated with lower CR, lower baseline Aβ, and higher baseline p-tau. There was no interaction between CR and Aβ, suggesting that the protective effects of higher CR are equivalent across the observed range of amyloid levels. In contrast, both tau and p-tau interacted with CR, indicating that CR was more protective at lower levels of tau and p-tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Landeau B, La Joie R, Mevel K, Mézenge F, Perrotin A, Desgranges B, Bartrés-Faz D, Eustache F, Chételat G. Relationships between years of education and gray matter volume, metabolism and functional connectivity in healthy elders. Neuroimage 2013; 83:450-7. [PMID: 23796547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More educated elders are less susceptible to age-related or pathological cognitive changes. We aimed at providing a comprehensive contribution to the neural mechanism underlying this effect thanks to a multimodal approach. Thirty-six healthy elders were selected based on neuropsychological assessments and cerebral amyloid imaging, i.e. as presenting normal cognition and a negative florbetapir-PET scan. All subjects underwent structural MRI, FDG-PET and resting-state functional MRI scans. We assessed the relationships between years of education and i) gray matter volume, ii) gray matter metabolism and iii) functional connectivity in the brain areas showing associations with both volume and metabolism. Higher years of education were related to greater volume in the superior temporal gyrus, insula and anterior cingulate cortex and to greater metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex. The latter thus showed both volume and metabolism increases with education. Seed connectivity analyses based on this region showed that education was positively related to the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus as well as the inferior frontal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus. Increased connectivity was in turn related with improved cognitive performances. Reinforcement of the connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex with distant cortical areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes appears as one of the mechanisms underlying education-related reserve in healthy elders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|