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Nordberg A. Insights into the progression of genetic Alzheimer's disease from tau PET. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:453-454. [PMID: 38631755 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14183, Sweden.
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2
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Bollack A, Collij LE, García DV, Shekari M, Altomare D, Payoux P, Dubois B, Grau-Rivera O, Boada M, Marquié M, Nordberg A, Walker Z, Scheltens P, Schöll M, Wolz R, Schott JM, Gismondi R, Stephens A, Buckley C, Frisoni GB, Hanseeuw B, Visser PJ, Vandenberghe R, Drzezga A, Yaqub M, Boellaard R, Gispert JD, Markiewicz P, Cash DM, Farrar G, Barkhof F. Investigating reliable amyloid accumulation in Centiloids: Results from the AMYPAD Prognostic and Natural History Study. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38574374 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To support clinical trial designs focused on early interventions, our study determined reliable early amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation based on Centiloids (CL) in pre-dementia populations. METHODS A total of 1032 participants from the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease-Prognostic and Natural History Study (AMYPAD-PNHS) and Insight46 who underwent [18F]flutemetamol, [18F]florbetaben or [18F]florbetapir amyloid-PET were included. A normative strategy was used to define reliable accumulation by estimating the 95th percentile of longitudinal measurements in sub-populations (NPNHS = 101/750, NInsight46 = 35/382) expected to remain stable over time. The baseline CL threshold that optimally predicts future accumulation was investigated using precision-recall analyses. Accumulation rates were examined using linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS Reliable accumulation in the PNHS was estimated to occur at >3.0 CL/year. Baseline CL of 16 [12,19] best predicted future Aβ-accumulators. Rates of amyloid accumulation were tracer-independent, lower for APOE ε4 non-carriers, and for subjects with higher levels of education. DISCUSSION Our results support a 12-20 CL window for inclusion into early secondary prevention studies. Reliable accumulation definition warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bollack
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, London, UK
| | - Lyduine E Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahnaz Shekari
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de investigaciones médicas Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Pole, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, Place du Docteur Joseph Baylac, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, The Lodge, Wickford, UK
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Alzheimercentrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, LBI - KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Universitätsklinikums Köln, Köln, Germany
- Molecular Organization of the Brain, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pawel Markiewicz
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, London, UK
- Computer Science and Informatics, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Kumar A, Scarpa M, Nordberg A. Tracing synaptic loss in Alzheimer's brain with SV2A PET-tracer UCB-J. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2589-2605. [PMID: 38363009 PMCID: PMC11032538 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic loss is an early prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recently developed novel synaptic vesicle 2A protein (SV2A) PET-tracer UCB-J has shown great promise in tracking synaptic loss in AD. However, there have been discrepancies between the findings and a lack of mechanistic insight. METHODS Here we report the first extensive pre-clinical validation studies for UCB-J in control (CN; n = 11) and AD (n = 11) brains using a multidimensional approach of post-mortem brain imaging techniques, radioligand binding, and biochemical studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We demonstrate that UCB-J could target SV2A protein with high specificity and depict synaptic loss at synaptosome levels in AD brain regions compared to CNs. UCB-J showed highest synaptic loss in AD hippocampus followed in descending order by frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and cerebellum. 3H-UCB-J large brain-section autoradiography and cellular/subcellular fractions binding studies indicated potential off-target interaction with phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species in AD brains, which could have subsequent clinical implications for imaging studies. HIGHLIGHTS Synaptic positron emission tomography (PET)-tracer UCB-J could target synaptic vesicle 2A protein (SV2A) with high specificity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control brains. Synaptic PET-tracer UCB-J could depict synaptic loss at synaptosome levels in AD brain regions compared to control. Potential off-target interaction of UCB-J with phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species at cellular/subcellular levels could have subsequent clinical implications for imaging studies, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Theme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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4
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Bucci M, Nordberg A. Multidomain preventive intervention trials and plasma biomarkers. Lancet Healthy Longev 2024; 5:e88-e89. [PMID: 38310899 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bucci
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Fontana IC, Kumar A, Okamura N, Nordberg A. Multitracer Approach to Understanding the Complexity of Reactive Astrogliosis in Alzheimer's Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:328-336. [PMID: 38133820 PMCID: PMC10797624 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) selective positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [11C]-deuterium-l-deprenyl holds promise for imaging reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two novel PET tracers ([11C]-BU99008 and [18F]-SMBT-1) have recently been developed to assess the complexity of reactive astrogliosis in the AD continuum. We have investigated the binding properties of SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 in AD and cognitively normal control (CN) brains. Competition binding assays with [3H]-l-deprenyl and [3H]-BU99008 versus unlabeled SMBT-1 in postmortem AD and CN temporal and frontal cortex brains demonstrated that SMBT-1 interacted with [3H]-deprenyl at a single binding site (nM range) and with [3H]-BU99008 at multiple binding sites (from nM to μM). Autoradiography studies on large frozen postmortem AD and CN hemisphere brain sections demonstrated that 1 μM SMBT-1 almost completely displaced the [3H]-l-deprenyl binding (>90%), while SMBT-1 only partly displaced the [3H]-BU99008 binding (50-60% displacement) in cortical regions. In conclusion, SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 interact at the same MAO-B binding site, while BU99008 shows an additional independent binding site in AD and CN brains. The high translational power of our studies in human AD and CN brains suggests that the multitracer approach with SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 could be useful for imaging reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C. Fontana
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Department
of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University
Hospital, S-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Bader I, Bader I, Lopes Alves I, Vállez García D, Vellas B, Dubois B, Boada M, Marquié M, Altomare D, Scheltens P, Vandenberghe R, Hanseeuw B, Schöll M, Frisoni GB, Jessen F, Nordberg A, Kivipelto M, Ritchie CW, Grau-Rivera O, Molinuevo JL, Ford L, Stephens A, Gismondi R, Gispert JD, Farrar G, Barkhof F, Visser PJ, Collij LE. Recruitment of pre-dementia participants: main enrollment barriers in a longitudinal amyloid-PET study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:189. [PMID: 37919783 PMCID: PMC10621165 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mismatch between the limited availability versus the high demand of participants who are in the pre-dementia phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a bottleneck for clinical studies in AD. Nevertheless, potential enrollment barriers in the pre-dementia population are relatively under-reported. In a large European longitudinal biomarker study (the AMYPAD-PNHS), we investigated main enrollment barriers in individuals with no or mild symptoms recruited from research and clinical parent cohorts (PCs) of ongoing observational studies. METHODS Logistic regression was used to predict study refusal based on sex, age, education, global cognition (MMSE), family history of dementia, and number of prior study visits. Study refusal rates and categorized enrollment barriers were compared between PCs using chi-squared tests. RESULTS 535/1856 (28.8%) of the participants recruited from ongoing studies declined participation in the AMYPAD-PNHS. Only for participants recruited from clinical PCs (n = 243), a higher MMSE-score (β = - 0.22, OR = 0.80, p < .05), more prior study visits (β = - 0.93, OR = 0.40, p < .001), and positive family history of dementia (β = 2.08, OR = 8.02, p < .01) resulted in lower odds on study refusal. General study burden was the main enrollment barrier (36.1%), followed by amyloid-PET related burden (PCresearch = 27.4%, PCclinical = 9.0%, X2 = 10.56, p = .001), and loss of research interest (PCclinical = 46.3%, PCresearch = 16.5%, X2 = 32.34, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The enrollment rate for the AMYPAD-PNHS was relatively high, suggesting an advantage of recruitment via ongoing studies. In this observational cohort, study burden reduction and tailored strategies may potentially improve participant enrollment into trial readiness cohorts such as for phase-3 early anti-amyloid intervention trials. The AMYPAD-PNHS (EudraCT: 2018-002277-22) was approved by the ethical review board of the VU Medical Center (VUmc) as the Sponsor site and in every affiliated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Bader
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilona Bader
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Isadora Lopes Alves
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Brain Research Center, 1081 GN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), 31300, Toulouse, France
- UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain Institute, Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Clinique Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02155, USA
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
- H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Ford
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
| | | | | | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gill Farrar
- GE Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Amersham, HP7 9LL, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Lyduine E Collij
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00, Malmö, Sweden
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7
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Oeckl P, Bluma M, Bucci M, Halbgebauer S, Chiotis K, Sandebring-Matton A, Ashton NJ, Molfetta GD, Grötschel L, Kivipelto M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Savitcheva I, Nordberg A, Otto M. Blood β-synuclein is related to amyloid PET positivity in memory clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4896-4907. [PMID: 37052206 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION β-synuclein is an emerging blood biomarker to study synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer´s disease (AD), but its relation to amyloid-β (Αβ) pathology is unclear. METHODS We investigated the association of plasma β-synuclein levels with [18F] flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with AD dementia (n = 51), mild cognitive impairment (MCI-Aβ+ n = 18, MCI- Aβ- n = 30), non-AD dementias (n = 22), and non-demented controls (n = 5). RESULTS Plasma β-synuclein levels were higher in Aβ+ (AD dementia, MCI-Aβ+) than in Aβ- subjects (non-AD dementias, MCI-Aβ-) with good discrimination of Aβ+ from Aβ- subjects and prediction of Aβ status in MCI individuals. A positive correlation between plasma β-synuclein and Aβ PET was observed in multiple cortical regions across all lobes. DISCUSSION Plasma β-synuclein demonstrated discriminative properties for Aβ PET positive and negative subjects. Our data underline that β-synuclein is not a direct marker of Aβ pathology and suggest different longitudinal dynamics of synaptic degeneration versus amyloid deposition across the AD continuum. HIGHLIGHTS Blood and CSF β-synuclein levels are higher in Aβ+ than in Aβ- subjects. Blood β-synuclein level correlates with amyloid PET positivity in multiple regions. Blood β-synuclein predicts Aβ status in MCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oeckl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Bluma
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Bucci
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guglielmo Di Molfetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lana Grötschel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Li J, Kumar A, Långström B, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Insight into the Binding of First- and Second-Generation PET Tracers to 4R and 3R/4R Tau Protofibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3528-3539. [PMID: 37639522 PMCID: PMC10515481 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that perturbs body movement, eye movement, and walking balance. Similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the abnormal aggregation of tau fibrils in the central neuronal and glial cells is a major hallmark of PSP disease. In this study, we use multiple approaches, including docking, molecular dynamics, and metadynamics simulations, to investigate the binding mechanism of 10 first- and second-generations of PET tracers for PSP tau and compare their binding in cortical basal degeneration (CBD) and AD tauopathies. Structure-activity relationships, binding preferences, the nature of ligand binding in terms of basic intermolecular interactions, the role of polar/charged residues, induced-fit mechanisms, grove closures, and folding patterns for the binding of these tracers in PSP, CBD, and AD tau fibrils are evaluated and discussed in detail in order to build a holistic picture of what is essential for the binding and also to rank the potency of the different tracers. For example, we found that the same tracer shows different binding preferences for the surface sites of tau fibrils that are intrinsically distinct in the folding patterns. Results from the metadynamics simulations predict that PMPBB3 and PBB3 exhibit the strongest binding free energies onto the Q276[I277]I278, Q351[S352]K353, and N368[K369]K370 sites of PSP than the other explored tracers, indicating a solid preference for vdW and cation-π interactions. Our results also reproduced known preferences of tracers, namely, that MK6240 binds better to AD tau than CBD tau and PSP tau and that CBD2115, PI2620, and PMPBB3 are 4R tau binders. These findings fill in the well-sought-after knowledge gap in terms of these tracers' potential binding mechanisms and will be important for the design of highly selective novel PET tracers for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neo, 141 84 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neo, 141 84 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University
Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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9
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Chiotis K, Johansson C, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Graff C, Nordberg A. Tracking reactive astrogliosis in autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease with multi-modal PET and plasma GFAP. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37697307 PMCID: PMC10496408 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma assays for the detection of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes are receiving ever increasing interest. The concentration of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been suggested as a potential marker of astrocytes or recently, amyloid-β burden, although this hypothesis remains unproven. We compared plasma GFAP levels with the astrocyte tracer 11C-Deuterium-L-Deprenyl (11C-DED) in a multi-modal PET design in participants with sporadic and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Twenty-four individuals from families with known Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease mutations (mutation carriers = 10; non-carriers = 14) and fifteen patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease were included. The individuals underwent PET imaging with 11C-DED, 11C-PIB and 18F-FDG, as markers of reactive astrogliosis, amyloid-β deposition, and glucose metabolism, respectively, and plasma sampling for measuring GFAP concentrations. Twenty-one participants from the Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease group underwent follow-up plasma sampling and ten of these participants underwent follow-up PET imaging. RESULTS In mutation carriers, plasma GFAP levels and 11C-PIB binding increased, while 11C-DED binding and 18F-FDG uptake significantly decreased across the estimated years to symptom onset. Cross-sectionally, plasma GFAP demonstrated a negative correlation with 11C-DED binding in both mutation carriers and patients with sporadic disease. Plasma GFAP indicated cross-sectionally a significant positive correlation with 11C-PIB binding and a significant negative correlation with 18F-FDG in the whole sample. The longitudinal levels of 11C-DED binding showed a significant negative correlation with longitudinal plasma GFAP concentrations over the follow-up interval. CONCLUSIONS Plasma GFAP concentration and astrocyte 11C-DED brain binding levels followed divergent trajectories and may reflect different underlying processes. The strong negative association between plasma GFAP and 11C-DED binding in Autosomal Dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease brains may indicate that if both are markers of reactive astrogliosis, they may detect different states or subtypes of astrogliosis. Increased 11C-DED brain binding seems to be an earlier phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease progression than increased plasma GFAP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementia, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Solna, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Bucci M, Bluma M, Savitcheva I, Ashton NJ, Chiotis K, Matton A, Kivipelto M, Di Molfetta G, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Nordberg A. Profiling of plasma biomarkers in the context of memory assessment in a tertiary memory clinic. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:268. [PMID: 37491358 PMCID: PMC10368630 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma biomarkers have shown promising performance in research cohorts in discriminating between different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies in clinical populations are necessary to provide insights on the clinical utility of plasma biomarkers before their implementation in real-world settings. Here we investigated plasma biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau phosphorylated at 181 and 231 (pTau181, pTau231), amyloid β (Aβ) 42/40 ratio, neurofilament light) in 126 patients (age = 65 ± 8) who were admitted to the Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, at Karolinska University Hospital. After extensive clinical assessment (including CSF analysis), patients were classified as: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 75), AD (n = 25), non-AD dementia (n = 16), no dementia (n = 9). To refine the diagnosis, patients were examined with [18F]flutemetamol PET (Aβ-PET). Aβ-PET images were visually rated for positivity/negativity and quantified in Centiloid. Accordingly, 68 Aβ+ and 54 Aβ- patients were identified. Plasma biomarkers were measured using single molecule arrays (SIMOA). Receiver-operated curve (ROC) analyses were performed to detect Aβ-PET+ using the different biomarkers. In the whole cohort, the Aβ-PET centiloid values correlated positively with plasma GFAP, pTau231, pTau181, and negatively with Aβ42/40 ratio. While in the whole MCI group, only GFAP was associated with Aβ PET centiloid. In ROC analyses, among the standalone biomarkers, GFAP showed the highest area under the curve discriminating Aβ+ and Aβ- compared to other plasma biomarkers. The combination of plasma biomarkers via regression was the most predictive of Aβ-PET, especially in the MCI group (prior to PET, n = 75) (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 82%, negative predictive value = 100%). In our cohort of memory clinic patients (mainly MCI), the combination of plasma biomarkers was sensitive in ruling out Aβ-PET negative individuals, thus suggesting a potential role as rule-out tool in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bucci
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Bluma
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Matton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guglielmo Di Molfetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Fontana IC, Scarpa M, Malarte ML, Rocha FM, Ausellé-Bosch S, Bluma M, Bucci M, Chiotis K, Kumar A, Nordberg A. Astrocyte Signature in Alzheimer's Disease Continuum through a Multi-PET Tracer Imaging Perspective. Cells 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37296589 PMCID: PMC10253101 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is an early event in the continuum of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current advances in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provide ways of assessing reactive astrogliosis in the living brain. In this review, we revisit clinical PET imaging and in vitro findings using the multi-tracer approach, and point out that reactive astrogliosis precedes the deposition of Aβ plaques, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration in AD. Furthermore, considering the current view of reactive astrogliosis heterogeneity-more than one subtype of astrocyte involved-in AD, we discuss how astrocytic body fluid biomarkers might fit into trajectories different from that of astrocytic PET imaging. Future research focusing on the development of innovative astrocytic PET radiotracers and fluid biomarkers may provide further insights into the heterogeneity of reactive astrogliosis and improve the detection of AD in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C. Fontana
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona-Lisa Malarte
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filipa M. Rocha
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sira Ausellé-Bosch
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bluma
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Bucci
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Altomare D, Barkhof F, Caprioglio C, Collij LE, Scheltens P, Lopes Alves I, Bouwman F, Berkhof J, van Maurik IS, Garibotto V, Moro C, Delrieu J, Payoux P, Saint-Aubert L, Hitzel A, Molinuevo JL, Grau-Rivera O, Gispert JD, Drzezga A, Jessen F, Zeyen P, Nordberg A, Savitcheva I, Jelic V, Walker Z, Edison P, Demonet JF, Gismondi R, Farrar G, Stephens AW, Frisoni GB. Clinical Effect of Early vs Late Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography in Memory Clinic Patients: The AMYPAD-DPMS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2023:2804755. [PMID: 37155177 PMCID: PMC10167601 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) allows the direct assessment of amyloid deposition, one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. However, this technique is currently not widely reimbursed because of the lack of appropriately designed studies demonstrating its clinical effect. Objective To assess the clinical effect of amyloid PET in memory clinic patients. Design, Setting, and Participants The AMYPAD-DPMS is a prospective randomized clinical trial in 8 European memory clinics. Participants were allocated (using a minimization method) to 3 study groups based on the performance of amyloid PET: arm 1, early in the diagnostic workup (within 1 month); arm 2, late in the diagnostic workup (after a mean [SD] 8 [2] months); or arm 3, if and when the managing physician chose. Participants were patients with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD+; SCD plus clinical features increasing the likelihood of preclinical Alzheimer disease), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia; they were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Recruitment took place between April 16, 2018, and October 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed from July 2022 to January 2023. Intervention Amyloid PET. Main Outcome and Measure The main outcome was the difference between arm 1 and arm 2 in the proportion of participants receiving an etiological diagnosis with a very high confidence (ie, ≥90% on a 50%-100% visual numeric scale) after 3 months. Results A total of 844 participants were screened, and 840 were enrolled (291 in arm 1, 271 in arm 2, 278 in arm 3). Baseline and 3-month visit data were available for 272 participants in arm 1 and 260 in arm 2 (median [IQR] age: 71 [65-77] and 71 [65-77] years; 150/272 male [55%] and 135/260 male [52%]; 122/272 female [45%] and 125/260 female [48%]; median [IQR] education: 12 [10-15] and 13 [10-16] years, respectively). After 3 months, 109 of 272 participants (40%) in arm 1 had a diagnosis with very high confidence vs 30 of 260 (11%) in arm 2 (P < .001). This was consistent across cognitive stages (SCD+: 25/84 [30%] vs 5/78 [6%]; P < .001; MCI: 45/108 [42%] vs 9/102 [9%]; P < .001; dementia: 39/80 [49%] vs 16/80 [20%]; P < .001). Conclusion and Relevance In this study, early amyloid PET allowed memory clinic patients to receive an etiological diagnosis with very high confidence after only 3 months compared with patients who had not undergone amyloid PET. These findings support the implementation of amyloid PET early in the diagnostic workup of memory clinic patients. Trial Registration EudraCT Number: 2017-002527-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC)-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Neurology, Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Caprioglio
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lyduine E Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC)-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isadora Lopes Alves
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC)-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid S van Maurik
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers (NIMTlab), Geneva University Neurocenter and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moro
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), UMR1214 Inserm, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), UMR1214 Inserm, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Hitzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- H. Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Related Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Zeyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center of Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Section for Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- St Margaret's Hospital, Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Edison
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Almkvist O, Nordberg A. A biomarker-validated time scale in years of disease progression has identified early- and late-onset subgroups in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:89. [PMID: 37131241 PMCID: PMC10152764 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is possible to calculate the number of years to the expected clinical onset (YECO) of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (adAD). A similar time scale is lacking for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). The purpose was to design and validate a time scale in YECO for patients with sAD in relation to CSF and PET biomarkers. METHODS Patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 48) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 46) participated in the study. They underwent a standardized clinical examination at the Memory clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, which included present and previous medical history, laboratory screening, cognitive assessment, CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total-tau, and p-tau), and an MRI of the brain. They were also assessed with two PET tracers, 11C-Pittsburgh compound B and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Assuming concordance of cognitive decline in sAD and adAD, YECO for these patients was calculated using equations for the relationship between cognitive performance, YECO, and years of education in adAD (Almkvist et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 23:195-203, 2017). RESULTS The mean current point of disease progression was 3.2 years after the estimated clinical onset in patients with sAD and 3.4 years prior to the estimated clinical onset in patients with MCI, as indicated by the median YECO from five cognitive tests. The associations between YECO and biomarkers were significant, while those between chronological age and biomarkers were nonsignificant. The estimated disease onset (chronological age minus YECO) followed a bimodal distribution with frequency maxima before (early-onset) and after (late-onset) 65 years of age. The early- and late-onset subgroups differed significantly in biomarkers and cognition, but after control for YECO, this difference disappeared for all except the APOE e4 gene (more frequent in early- than in late-onset). CONCLUSIONS A novel time scale in years of disease progression based on cognition was designed and validated in patients with AD using CSF and PET biomarkers. Two early- and late-disease onset subgroups were identified differing with respect to APOE e4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Almkvist
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
The ongoing search for therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer disease (AD) has highlighted the complexity of this condition and the need for additional biomarkers, beyond amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, to improve clinical assessment. Astrocytes are brain cells that control metabolic and redox homeostasis, among other functions, and are emerging as an important focus of AD research owing to their swift response to brain pathology in the initial stages of the disease. Reactive astrogliosis - the morphological, molecular and functional transformation of astrocytes during disease - has been implicated in AD progression, and the definition of new astrocytic biomarkers could help to deepen our understanding of reactive astrogliosis along the AD continuum. As we highlight in this Review, one promising biomarker candidate is the astrocytic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), upregulation of which correlates with Aβ pathology in the brain of individuals with AD. We revisit the past two decades of research into astrocytic α7nAChRs to shed light on their roles in the context of AD pathology and biomarkers. We discuss the involvement of astrocytic α7nAChRs in the instigation and potentiation of early Aβ pathology and explore their potential as a target for future reactive astrocyte-based therapeutics and imaging biomarkers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Mohanty R, Ferreira D, Nordberg A, Westman E. Correction: Associations between different tau‑PET patterns and longitudinal atrophy in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: biological and methodological perspectives from disease heterogeneity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:80. [PMID: 37055820 PMCID: PMC10103475 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Nordberg A, Semyanov A, Parpura V, Zorec R. Alexei Verkhratsky, the Philosopher of Neuroglia. Preface for the Honorary Issue of Neurochemical Research. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1009-1014. [PMID: 36899208 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, 314033, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert Zorec
- Medical Faculty & Celica Biomedical, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Malarte ML, Gillberg PG, Kumar A, Bogdanovic N, Lemoine L, Nordberg A. Correction: Discriminative binding of tau PET tracers PI2620, MK6240 and RO948 in Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy brains. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02021-2. [PMID: 36890300 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona-Lisa Malarte
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Göran Gillberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laëtitia Lemoine
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Yang Y, Zhang W, Murzin AG, Schweighauser M, Huang M, Lövestam S, Peak-Chew SY, Saito T, Saido TC, Macdonald J, Lavenir I, Ghetti B, Graff C, Kumar A, Nordberg A, Goedert M, Scheres SHW. Cryo-EM structures of amyloid-β filaments with the Arctic mutation (E22G) from human and mouse brains. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:325-333. [PMID: 36611124 PMCID: PMC9925504 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic mutation, encoding E693G in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene [E22G in amyloid-β (Aβ)], causes dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report the high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Aβ filaments from the frontal cortex of a previously described case (AβPParc1) with the Arctic mutation. Most filaments consist of two pairs of non-identical protofilaments that comprise residues V12-V40 (human Arctic fold A) and E11-G37 (human Arctic fold B). They have a substructure (residues F20-G37) in common with the folds of type I and type II Aβ42. When compared to the structures of wild-type Aβ42 filaments, there are subtle conformational changes in the human Arctic folds, because of the lack of a side chain at G22, which may strengthen hydrogen bonding between mutant Aβ molecules and promote filament formation. A minority of Aβ42 filaments of type II was also present, as were tau paired helical filaments. In addition, we report the cryo-EM structures of Aβ filaments with the Arctic mutation from mouse knock-in line AppNL-G-F. Most filaments are made of two identical mutant protofilaments that extend from D1 to G37 (AppNL-G-F murine Arctic fold). In a minority of filaments, two dimeric folds pack against each other in an anti-parallel fashion. The AppNL-G-F murine Arctic fold differs from the human Arctic folds, but shares some substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit and Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexey G Murzin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Melissa Huang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofia Lövestam
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sew Y Peak-Chew
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Isabelle Lavenir
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Mohanty R, Ferreira D, Nordberg A, Westman E. Associations between different tau-PET patterns and longitudinal atrophy in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: biological and methodological perspectives from disease heterogeneity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 36814346 PMCID: PMC9945609 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtypes and patterns are defined using tau-PET (tau pathology) and structural MRI (atrophy) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between tau pathology and atrophy across these subtypes/patterns remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the biological association between baseline tau-PET patterns and longitudinal atrophy in the AD continuum; and the methodological characterization of heterogeneity as a continuous phenomenon over the conventional discrete subgrouping. METHODS In 366 individuals (amyloid-beta-positive cognitively normal, prodromal AD, AD dementia; amyloid-beta-negative cognitively normal), we examined the association between tau-PET patterns and longitudinal MRI. We modeled tau-PET patterns as a (a) continuous phenomenon with key dimensions: typicality and severity; and (b) discrete phenomenon by categorization into patterns: typical, limbic predominant, cortical predominant and minimal tau. Tau-PET patterns and associated longitudinal atrophy were contextualized within the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarker scheme. RESULTS Localization and longitudinal atrophy change vary differentially across different tau-PET patterns in the AD continuum. Atrophy, a downstream event, did not always follow a topography akin to the corresponding tau-PET pattern. Further, heterogeneity as a continuous phenomenon offered an alternative and useful characterization, sharing correspondence with the conventional subgrouping. Tau-PET patterns also show differential A/T/N profiles. CONCLUSIONS The site and rate of atrophy are different across the tau-PET patterns. Heterogeneity should be treated as a continuous, not discrete, phenomenon for greater sensitivity. Pattern-specific A/T/N profiles highlight differential multimodal interactions underlying heterogeneity. Therefore, tracking multimodal interactions among biomarkers longitudinally, modeling disease heterogeneity as a continuous phenomenon, and examining heterogeneity across the AD continuum could offer avenues for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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20
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Kumar A, Fontana IC, Nordberg A. Reactive astrogliosis: A friend or foe in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 164:309-324. [PMID: 34931315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly efficient homeostatic glial cells playing a crucial role in optimal brain functioning and homeostasis. Astrocytes respond to changes in brain homoeostasis following central nervous system (CNS) injury/diseased state by a specific defence mechanism called reactive astrogliosis. Recent studies have implicated and placed reactive astrogliosis in the centre of pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The AD biomarker field is evolving rapidly with new findings providing strong evidence which supports the notion that a reactive astrogliosis is an early event in the time course of AD progression which may precede other pathological hallmarks of AD. Clinical/translational in vivo PET and in vitro postmortem brain imaging studies demonstrated 'a first and second wave' of reactive astrogliosis in AD with distinct close-loop relationships with other pathological biomarkers at different stages of the disease. At the end stages, reactive astrocytes are found to be associated, or in proximity, with amyloid plaque and tau pathological deposits in postmortem AD brains. Several new PET-tracers, which are being in pipeline and validated at a very fast pace for mapping and visualising reactive astrogliosis in the brain, will provide further invaluable mechanistic insights into AD and other non-AD dementia pathologies. The complementary roles of microglia and astrocyte activation in AD progression, along with the clinical value of new fluid astrocytes biomarkers in the context of existing biomarkers, are the latest avenue that needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor C Fontana
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Collij LE, Farrar G, Valléz García D, Bader I, Shekari M, Lorenzini L, Pemberton H, Altomare D, Pla S, Loor M, Markiewicz P, Yaqub M, Buckley C, Frisoni GB, Nordberg A, Payoux P, Stephens A, Gismondi R, Visser PJ, Ford L, Schmidt M, Birck C, Georges J, Mett A, Walker Z, Boada M, Drzezga A, Vandenberghe R, Hanseeuw B, Jessen F, Schöll M, Ritchie C, Lopes Alves I, Gispert JD, Barkhof F. The amyloid imaging for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease consortium: A European collaboration with global impact. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1063598. [PMID: 36761917 PMCID: PMC9907029 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1063598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is considered the earliest pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease (AMYPAD) consortium is a collaborative European framework across European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations (EFPIA), academic, and 'Small and Medium-sized enterprises' (SME) partners aiming to provide evidence on the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in diagnostic work-up of AD and to support clinical trial design by developing optimal quantitative methodology in an early AD population. The AMYPAD studies In the Diagnostic and Patient Management Study (DPMS), 844 participants from eight centres across three clinical subgroups (245 subjective cognitive decline, 342 mild cognitive impairment, and 258 dementia) were included. The Prognostic and Natural History Study (PNHS) recruited pre-dementia subjects across 11 European parent cohorts (PCs). Approximately 1600 unique subjects with historical and prospective data were collected within this study. PET acquisition with [18F]flutemetamol or [18F]florbetaben radiotracers was performed and quantified using the Centiloid (CL) method. Results AMYPAD has significantly contributed to the AD field by furthering our understanding of amyloid deposition in the brain and the optimal methodology to measure this process. Main contributions so far include the validation of the dual-time window acquisition protocol to derive the fully quantitative non-displaceable binding potential (BP ND ), assess the value of this metric in the context of clinical trials, improve PET-sensitivity to emerging Aβ burden and utilize its available regional information, establish the quantitative accuracy of the Centiloid method across tracers and support implementation of quantitative amyloid-PET measures in the clinical routine. Future steps The AMYPAD consortium has succeeded in recruiting and following a large number of prospective subjects and setting up a collaborative framework to integrate data across European PCs. Efforts are currently ongoing in collaboration with ARIDHIA and ADDI to harmonize, integrate, and curate all available clinical data from the PNHS PCs, which will become openly accessible to the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyduine E. Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Lyduine E. Collij ✉
| | | | - David Valléz García
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilona Bader
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Luigi Lorenzini
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugh Pemberton
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, and Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Pla
- Synapse Research Management Partners, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mery Loor
- Synapse Research Management Partners, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pawel Markiewicz
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, and Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center of Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Ford
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Anja Mett
- GE Healthcare, Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, and Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mercé Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Centre for Medical Image Computing, and Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Ferreira D, Mohanty R, Murray ME, Nordberg A, Kantarci K, Westman E. The hippocampal sparing subtype of Alzheimer's disease assessed in neuropathology and in vivo tau positron emission tomography: a systematic review. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:166. [PMID: 36376963 PMCID: PMC9664780 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathology and neuroimaging studies have identified several subtypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD): hippocampal sparing AD, typical AD, and limbic predominant AD. An unresolved question is whether hippocampal sparing AD cases can present with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in association cortices while completely sparing the hippocampus. To address that question, we conducted a systematic review and performed original analyses on tau positron emission tomography (PET) data. We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases until October 2022. We also implemented several methods for AD subtyping on tau PET to identify hippocampal sparing AD cases. Our findings show that seven out of the eight reviewed neuropathologic studies included cases at Braak stages IV or higher and therefore, could not identify hippocampal sparing cases with NFT completely sparing the hippocampus. In contrast, tau PET did identify AD participants with tracer retention in the association cortex while completely sparing the hippocampus. We conclude that tau PET can identify hippocampal sparing AD cases with NFT completely sparing the hippocampus. Based on the accumulating data, we suggest two possible pathways of tau spread: (1) a canonical pathway with early involvement of transentorhinal cortex and subsequent involvement of limbic regions and association cortices, and (2) a less common pathway that affects association cortices with limbic involvement observed at end stages of the disease or not at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Center for Alzheimer Research; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 (NEO building, floor 7th), 14152, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Center for Alzheimer Research; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 (NEO building, floor 7th), 14152, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Center for Alzheimer Research; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 (NEO building, floor 7th), 14152, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Center for Alzheimer Research; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 (NEO building, floor 7th), 14152, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroimaging, Center for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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23
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Nag S, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Jia Z, Datta P, Arakawa R, Moein M, Yang Z, Tu Y, Lemoine L, Ågren H, Nordberg A, Långström B, Halldin C. Correction to "Development of 11C-Labeled ASEM Analogues for Detection of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7-nAChR)". ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2932-2933. [PMID: 36148985 PMCID: PMC9542715 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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Zimmer ER, Pascoal TA, Rosa-Neto P, Nordberg A, Pellerin L. Comment on "Microglial activation states drive glucose uptake and FDG-PET alterations in neurodegenerative diseases". Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm8302. [PMID: 36001681 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm8302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes might be the major contributor to the radioactive signal captured by PET in the microglia-dependent modulation of FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 52, Sweden
| | - Luc Pellerin
- IRMETIST, Inserm U1313, University of Poitiers and CHU of Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
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25
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Altomare D, Collij L, Caprioglio C, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, Alves IL, Berkhof J, de Gier Y, Garibotto V, Moro C, Poitrine L, Delrieu J, Payoux P, Saint-Aubert L, Molinuevo JL, Grau-Rivera O, Gispert JD, Minguillón C, Fauria K, Sanchez MF, Rădoi A, Drzezga A, Jessen F, Escher C, Zeyen P, Nordberg A, Savitcheva I, Jelic V, Walker Z, Lee HY, Lee L, Demonet JF, Plaza Wuthrich S, Gismondi R, Farrar G, Barkhof F, Stephens AW, Frisoni GB. Description of a European memory clinic cohort undergoing amyloid-PET: The AMYPAD Diagnostic and Patient Management Study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:844-856. [PMID: 35715930 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AMYPAD Diagnostic and Patient Management Study (DPMS) aims to investigate the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of amyloid-PET in Europe. Here we present participants' baseline features and discuss the representativeness of the cohort. METHODS Participants with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD+), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia were recruited in eight European memory clinics from April 16, 2018, to October 30, 2020, and randomized into three arms: ARM1, early amyloid-PET; ARM2, late amyloid-PET; and ARM3, free-choice. RESULTS A total of 840 participants (244 SCD+, 341 MCI, and 255 dementia) were enrolled. Sociodemographic/clinical features did not differ significantly among recruiting memory clinics or with previously reported cohorts. The randomization assigned 35% of participants to ARM1, 32% to ARM2, and 33% to ARM3; cognitive stages were distributed equally across the arms. DISCUSSION The features of AMYPAD-DPMS participants are as expected for a memory clinic population. This ensures the generalizability of future study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lyduine Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Caprioglio
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isadora Lopes Alves
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Gier
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers (NIMTlab), Geneva University Neurocenter and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moro
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léa Poitrine
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research team, CERPOP, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Felez Sanchez
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreea Rădoi
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Escher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Zeyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center of Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Section for Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- St. Margaret's Hospital, Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Ho-Yun Lee
- St. Margaret's Hospital, Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Lean Lee
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sonia Plaza Wuthrich
- Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Jansen WJ, Janssen O, Tijms BM, Vos SJB, Ossenkoppele R, Visser PJ, Aarsland D, Alcolea D, Altomare D, von Arnim C, Baiardi S, Baldeiras I, Barthel H, Bateman RJ, Van Berckel B, Binette AP, Blennow K, Boada M, Boecker H, Bottlaender M, den Braber A, Brooks DJ, Van Buchem MA, Camus V, Carill JM, Cerman J, Chen K, Chételat G, Chipi E, Cohen AD, Daniels A, Delarue M, Didic M, Drzezga A, Dubois B, Eckerström M, Ekblad LL, Engelborghs S, Epelbaum S, Fagan AM, Fan Y, Fladby T, Fleisher AS, Van der Flier WM, Förster S, Fortea J, Frederiksen KS, Freund-Levi Y, Frings L, Frisoni GB, Fröhlich L, Gabryelewicz T, Gertz HJ, Gill KD, Gkatzima O, Gómez-Tortosa E, Grimmer T, Guedj E, Habeck CG, Hampel H, Handels R, Hansson O, Hausner L, Hellwig S, Heneka MT, Herukka SK, Hildebrandt H, Hodges J, Hort J, Huang CC, Iriondo AJ, Itoh Y, Ivanoiu A, Jagust WJ, Jessen F, Johannsen P, Johnson KA, Kandimalla R, Kapaki EN, Kern S, Kilander L, Klimkowicz-Mrowiec A, Klunk WE, Koglin N, Kornhuber J, Kramberger MG, Kuo HC, Van Laere K, Landau SM, Landeau B, Lee DY, de Leon M, Leyton CE, Lin KJ, Lleó A, Löwenmark M, Madsen K, Maier W, Marcusson J, Marquié M, Martinez-Lage P, Maserejian N, Mattsson N, de Mendonça A, Meyer PT, Miller BL, Minatani S, Mintun MA, Mok VCT, Molinuevo JL, Morbelli SD, Morris JC, Mroczko B, Na DL, Newberg A, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Olde Rikkert MGM, de Oliveira CR, Olivieri P, Orellana A, Paraskevas G, Parchi P, Pardini M, Parnetti L, Peters O, Poirier J, Popp J, Prabhakar S, Rabinovici GD, Ramakers IH, Rami L, Reiman EM, Rinne JO, Rodrigue KM, Rodríguez-Rodriguez E, Roe CM, Rosa-Neto P, Rosen HJ, Rot U, Rowe CC, Rüther E, Ruiz A, Sabri O, Sakhardande J, Sánchez-Juan P, Sando SB, Santana I, Sarazin M, Scheltens P, Schröder J, Selnes P, Seo SW, Silva D, Skoog I, Snyder PJ, Soininen H, Sollberger M, Sperling RA, Spiru L, Stern Y, Stomrud E, Takeda A, Teichmann M, Teunissen CE, Thompson LI, Tomassen J, Tsolaki M, Vandenberghe R, Verbeek MM, Verhey FRJ, Villemagne V, Villeneuve S, Vogelgsang J, Waldemar G, Wallin A, Wallin ÅK, Wiltfang J, Wolk DA, Yen TC, Zboch M, Zetterberg H. Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:228-243. [PMID: 35099509 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria. EXPOSURES Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Among the 19 097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10 148 women [53.1%]) included, 10 139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P = .04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P = .004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P = .005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P = .004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P = .18). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn J Jansen
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Olin Janssen
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Christine von Arnim
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Goettingen Medical School, Goettingen, Germany.,Clinic for Neurogeriatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, University and Rehabilitation Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Baiardi
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Spain
| | - Ines Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bart Van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgren's University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació Alzheimer Centre Educacional, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Boecker
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (CEA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David J Brooks
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Van Buchem
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Camus
- Unite Mixte de Recherche, INSERM U930, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL, Tours, France
| | - Jose Manuel Carill
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Molecular Imaging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jiri Cerman
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie University, University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elena Chipi
- Centro Disturbi della Memoria, Laboratorio di Neurochimica Clinica, Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alisha Daniels
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Marion Delarue
- Normandie University, University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Mira Didic
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Marseille, France
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Centre de Référence Démences Rares, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marie Eckerström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Centre de Référence Démences Rares, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | | | - Wiesje M Van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Förster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Juan Fortea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Frings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Fröhlich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gabryelewicz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kiran Dip Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Guedj
- Aix Marseille University, AP-HM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Nuclear Medicine Department, Marseille, France
| | - Christian G Habeck
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, Clinical Research Group no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ron Handels
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Universität Heidelberg, Abteilung Gerontopsychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Helmut Hildebrandt
- Klinikum Bremen-Ost, University of Oldenburg, Institute of Psychology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - John Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ane Juaristi Iriondo
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Centro de Investigación y Ciencias Avanzadas-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Yoshiaki Itoh
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley.,Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,DZNE, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Memory Disorder Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Applied Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal, Telangana State, India
| | - Elisabeth N Kapaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Klimkowicz-Mrowiec
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milica G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Normandie University, University of Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mony de Leon
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cristian E Leyton
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malin Löwenmark
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karine Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Marcusson
- Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació Alzheimer Centre Educacional, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Shinobu Minatani
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark A Mintun
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Margaret K.L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,BrainNow Research Institute, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jose Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Daniela Morbelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Pauline Olivieri
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, CEA, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - Adela Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació Alzheimer Centre Educacional, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Paraskevas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Piero Parchi
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, IRCCS, Bologna, Italy.,DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centro Disturbi della Memoria, Laboratorio di Neurochimica Clinica, Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliver Peters
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin-CBF, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Judes Poirier
- Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StOP-AD) Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sudesh Prabhakar
- Department of Neurology, Nehru Hospital, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Inez H Ramakers
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas
| | | | - Catherine M Roe
- Department of Neurology and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StOP-AD) Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Uros Rot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Zaloska 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eckart Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació Alzheimer Centre Educacional, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jayant Sakhardande
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, CEA, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section for Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dina Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter J Snyder
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marc Sollberger
- Memory Clinic, University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Felix Platter-Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luisa Spiru
- Geriatrics, Gerontology and Old Age Psychiatry Clinical Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy-Elias, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Memory Clinic and Longevity Medicine, Ana Aslan International Foundation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Akitoshi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Department of Neurology, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Centre de Référence Démences Rares, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Démences Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louisa I Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory and Dementia Center, 3rd Department of Neurology, George Papanicolau General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Molecular Biomarkers in Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Wallin
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa K Wallin
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Marzena Zboch
- Research-Scientific-Didactic Centre of Dementia-Related Diseases in Scinawa, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Nag S, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Jia Z, Datta P, Arakawa R, Moein MM, Yang Z, Tu Y, Lemoine L, Ågren H, Nordberg A, Långström B, Halldin C. Development of 11C-Labeled ASEM Analogues for the Detection of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7-nAChR). ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:352-362. [PMID: 35020351 PMCID: PMC8815074 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The
homo-pentameric
alpha 7 receptor is one of the major types
of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) related
to cognition, memory formation, and attention processing. The mapping
of α7-nAChRs by PET pulls a lot of attention to realize the
mechanism and development of CNS diseases such as AD, PD, and schizophrenia.
Several PET radioligands have been explored for the detection of the
α7-nAChR. 18F-ASEM is the most functional for in vivo quantification of α7-nAChRs in the human brain.
The first aim of this study was to initially use results from in silico
and machine learning techniques to prescreen and predict the binding
energy and other properties of ASEM analogues and to interpret these
properties in terms of atomic structures using 18F-ASEM
as a lead structure, and second, to label some selected candidates
with carbon-11/hydrogen-3 (11C/3H) and to evaluate
the binding properties in vitro and in vivo using the labeled candidates. In silico predictions are obtained
from perturbation free-energy calculations preceded by molecular docking,
molecular dynamics, and metadynamics simulations. Machine learning
techniques have been applied for the BBB and P-gp-binding properties.
Six analogues of ASEM were labeled with 11C, and three
of them were additionally labeled with 3H. Binding properties
were further evaluated using autoradiography (ARG) and PET measurements
in non-human primates (NHPs). Radiometabolites were measured in NHP
plasma. All six compounds were successfully synthesized. Evaluation
with ARG showed that 11C-Kln83 was preferably binding to
the α7-nAChR. Competition studies showed that 80% of the total
binding was displaced. Further ARG studies using 3H-KIn-83
replicated the preliminary results. In the NHP PET study, the distribution
pattern of 11C-KIn-83 was similar to other α7 nAChR
PET tracers. The brain uptake was relatively low and increased by
the administration of tariquidar, indicating a substrate of P-gp.
The ASEM blocking study showed that 11C-KIn-83 specifically
binds to α7 nAChRs. Preliminary in vitro evaluation
of KIn-83 by ARG with both 11C and 3H and in vivo evaluation in NHP showed favorable properties for
selectively imaging α7-nAChRs, despite a relatively low brain
uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prodip Datta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laetitia Lemoine
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Boccardi M, Dodich A, Albanese E, Gayet-Ageron A, Festari C, Ashton NJ, Bischof GN, Chiotis K, Leuzy A, Wolters EE, Walter M, Rabinovici GD, Carrillo M, Drzezga A, Hansson O, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Villemagne VL, Winblad B, Frisoni G, Garibotto V. Correction to: The Strategic Biomarker Roadmap for the validation of Alzheimer's diagnostic biomarkers: methodological update. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4525-4531. [PMID: 34546388 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boccardi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany. .,LANVIE, Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Center for Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CeRiN), CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Cristina Festari
- LANE, Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gérard N Bischof
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma E Wolters
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Walter
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Division, Geneva Medical Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Alexander Drzezga
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Rresearch Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Memory Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- LANVIE, Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Division, Geneva Medical Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease and primary tauopathies are characterized
by the presence of tau pathology in brain. Several tau positron emission
tomography (PET) tracers have been developed and studied in Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), but there is still a lack of 4R-tau specific tracers
for non-AD tauopathies. We here present the first computational study
on the binding profiles of four tau different PET tracers, PI2620,
CBD2115, PM-PBB3, and MK6240, to corticobasal degeneration (CBD) tau.
The in silico results showed different preferences
for the various binding sites on the 4R fibril, and especially an
entry site, a concave site, and a core site showed high binding affinity
to these tracers. The core site and entry site both showed higher
binding affinity than the surface sites, but the tracers were less
likely to enter these sites. PI2620, CBD2115, and PM-PBB3 all showed
higher binding affinities to CBD tau than the 3R/4R tracer MK6240.
The same strategy has also been applied to AD tau fibrils, and significant
differences in selectivity of binding sites were also observed. A
higher binding affinity was observed for CBD2115 and PM-PBB3 to AD
tau compared to PI2620. None of the studied tracers showed a selectivity
for 4R compared to 3R/4R tau. This study clearly shows that identified
binding sites from cryo-EM with low resolution can be further refined
by metadynamics simulations in order to provide atomic resolution
of the binding modes as well as of the thermodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 84, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Colato E, Chiotis K, Ferreira D, Mazrina MS, Lemoine L, Mohanty R, Westman E, Nordberg A, Rodriguez-Vieitez E. Assessment of Tau Pathology as Measured by 18F-THK5317 and 18F-Flortaucipir PET and Their Relation to Brain Atrophy and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:103-117. [PMID: 34511502 PMCID: PMC8609906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the abnormal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau leads to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Recently developed tau PET imaging tracers are candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of AD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the discriminative ability of 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir tracers and brain atrophy at different stages of AD, and their respective associations with cognition. METHODS Two cohorts, each including 29 participants (healthy controls [HC], prodromal AD, and AD dementia patients), underwent 18F-THK5317 or 18F-flortaucipir PET, T1-weighted MRI, and neuropsychological assessment. For each subject, we quantified regional 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir uptake within six bilateral and two composite regions of interest. We assessed global brain atrophy for each individual by quantifying the brain volume index, a measure of brain volume-to-cerebrospinal fluid ratio. We then quantified the discriminative ability of regional 18F-THK5317, 18F-flortaucipir, and brain volume index between diagnostic groups, and their associations with cognition in patients. RESULTS Both 18F-THK5317 and 18F-flortaucipir outperformed global brain atrophy in discriminating between HC and both prodromal AD and AD dementia groups. 18F-THK5317 provided the highest discriminative ability between HC and prodromal AD groups. 18F-flortaucipir performed best at discriminating between prodromal and dementia stages of AD. Across all patients, both tau tracers were predictive of RAVL learning, but only 18F-flortaucipir predicted MMSE. CONCLUSION Our results warrant further in vivo head-to-head and antemortem-postmortem evaluations. These validation studies are needed to select tracers with high clinical validity as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and disease staging, which will facilitate their incorporation in clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Colato
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariam S Mazrina
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laetitia Lemoine
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Murugan NA, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Cryptic Sites in Tau Fibrils Explain the Preferential Binding of the AV-1451 PET Tracer toward Alzheimer's Tauopathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2437-2447. [PMID: 34152739 PMCID: PMC8291571 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
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Tauopathies are a subclass of neurodegenerative diseases characterized
by an accumulation of microtubule binding tau fibrils in brain regions.
Diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy
(CTE), Pick’s disease (PiD), and corticobasal degeneration
(CBD) belong to this subclass. Development of tracers which can visualize
and discriminate between different tauopathies is of clinical importance
in the diagnosis of various tauopathies. Currently, several tau tracers
are available for in vivo imaging using a positron emission tomography
(PET) technique. Among these tracers, PBB3 is reported to bind to
various types of tau fibrils with comparable binding affinities.
In contrast, tau tracer AV-1451 is reported to bind to specific types
of tau fibrils (in particular to AD-associated and CTE) with higher
binding affinity and only show nonspecific or weaker binding toward
tau fibrils dominant with 3R isoforms (associated with PiD). The tau
fibrils associated with different tauopathies can adopt different
microstructures with different binding site microenvironments. By
using detailed studies of the binding profiles of tau tracers for
different types of tau fibrils, it may be possible to design tracers
with high selectivity toward a specific tauopathy. The microstructures
for the tau fibrils from patients with AD, PiD, and CTE have recently
been demonstrated by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) measurements
allowing structure-based in silico simulations. In the present study,
we have performed a multiscale computational study involving molecular
docking, molecular dynamics, free energy calculations, and QM fragmentation
calculations to understand the binding profiles of tau tracer AV-1451
and its potential use for diagnosis of AD, CTE, and PiD tauopathies.
Our computational study reveals that different affinity binding sites
exist for AV-1451 in the tau fibrils associated with different tauopathies.
The binding affinity of this tracer toward different tau fibrils goes
in this order: PiD > AD > CTE. The interaction energies for different
tau fibril–tracer complexes using the QM fragmentation scheme
also showed the same trend. However, by carrying out molecular dynamics
simulations for the AD-derived tau fibrils in organic solvents, we
found additional high affinity binding sites for AV-1451. The AV-1451
binding profile in these cryptic sites correctly explains the preferential
binding of this tracer toward the AD fibrils when compared with the
PiD fibrils. This study clearly demonstrates having a cryo-EM structure
is still not sufficient for the structure-based tracer discovery for
certain targets, as they may have “potential but hidden”
high affinity binding sites, and we need additional strategies to
identify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Arul Murugan
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Ashton NJ, Leuzy A, Karikari TK, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Dodich A, Boccardi M, Corre J, Drzezga A, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Hansson O. The validation status of blood biomarkers of amyloid and phospho-tau assessed with the 5-phase development framework for AD biomarkers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2140-2156. [PMID: 33677733 PMCID: PMC8175325 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of blood biomarkers that reflect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology (phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β) has offered potential as scalable tests for dementia differential diagnosis and early detection. In 2019, the Geneva AD Biomarker Roadmap Initiative included blood biomarkers in the systematic validation of AD biomarkers. METHODS A panel of experts convened in November 2019 at a two-day workshop in Geneva. The level of maturity (fully achieved, partly achieved, preliminary evidence, not achieved, unsuccessful) of blood biomarkers was assessed based on the Biomarker Roadmap methodology and discussed fully during the workshop which also evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. RESULTS Plasma p-tau has shown analytical validity (phase 2 primary aim 1) and first evidence of clinical validity (phase 3 primary aim 1), whereas the maturity level for Aβ remains to be partially achieved. Full and partial achievement has been assigned to p-tau and Aβ, respectively, in their associations to ante-mortem measures (phase 2 secondary aim 2). However, only preliminary evidence exists for the influence of covariates, assay comparison and cut-off criteria. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relative infancy of blood biomarkers, in comparison to CSF biomarkers, much has already been achieved for phases 1 through 3 - with p-tau having greater success in detecting AD and predicting disease progression. However, sufficient data about the effect of covariates on the biomarker measurement is lacking. No phase 4 (real-world performance) or phase 5 (assessment of impact/cost) aim has been tested, thus not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ashton
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T K Karikari
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - N Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Dodich
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CeRiN), CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - M Boccardi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Corre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - A Drzezga
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - K Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G B Frisoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Garibotto
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Bischof GN, Dodich A, Boccardi M, van Eimeren T, Festari C, Barthel H, Hansson O, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Sabri O, Giovanni BFG, Garibotto V, Drzezga A. Clinical validity of second-generation tau PET tracers as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2110-2120. [PMID: 33590274 PMCID: PMC8175320 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2017, the Geneva Alzheimer's disease (AD) strategic biomarker roadmap initiative proposed a framework of the systematic validation AD biomarkers to harmonize and accelerate their development and implementation in clinical practice. Here, we use this framework to examine the translatability of the second-generation tau PET tracers into the clinical context. METHODS All available literature was systematically searched based on a set of search terms that related independently to analytic validity (phases 1-2), clinical validity (phase 3-4), and clinical utility (phase 5). The progress on each of the phases was determined based on scientific criteria applied for each phase and coded as fully, partially, preliminary achieved or not achieved at all. RESULTS The validation of the second-generation tau PET tracers has successfully passed the analytical phase 1 of the strategic biomarker roadmap. Assay definition studies showed evidence on the superiority over first-generation tau PET tracers in terms of off-target binding. Studies have partially achieved the primary aim of the analytical validity stage (phase 2), and preliminary evidence has been provided for the assessment of covariates on PET signal retention. Studies investigating of the clinical validity in phases 3, 4, and 5 are still underway. CONCLUSION The current literature provides overall preliminary evidence on the establishment of the second-generation tau PET tracers into the clinical context, thereby successfully addressing some methodological issues from the tau PET tracer of the first generation. Nevertheless, bigger cohort studies, longitudinal follow-up, and examination of diverse disease population are still needed to gauge their clinical validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard N Bischof
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CeRiN), CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marina Boccardi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany
| | - Cristina Festari
- LANE - Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hopsital, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Frisoni G Giovanni
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Center - Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany
- Molecular Organization of the Brain, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Jülich, Germany
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Almkvist O, Brüggen K, Nordberg A. Subcortical and Cortical Regions of Amyloid-β Pathology Measured by 11C-PiB PET Are Differentially Associated with Cognitive Functions and Stages of Disease in Memory Clinic Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1613-1624. [PMID: 33967046 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of regional brain amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology on specific cognitive functions is incompletely known. OBJECTIVE The relationship between Aβ and cognitive functions was investigated in this cross-sectional multicenter study of memory clinic patients. METHODS The participants were patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 83), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 60), and healthy controls (HC, n = 32), who had been scanned by 11C-PiB PET in 13 brain regions of both hemispheres and who had been assessed by cognitive tests covering seven domains. RESULTS Hierarchic multiple regression analyses were performed on each cognitive test as dependent variable, controlling for demographic characteristics and APOE status (block 1) and PiB measures in 13 brain regions (block 2) as independent variables. The model was highly significant for each cognitive test and most strongly for tests of episodic memory (learning and retention) versus PiB in putamen, visuospatially demanding tests (processing and retention) versus the occipital lobe, semantic fluency versus the parietal lobe, attention versus posterior gyrus cinguli, and executive function versus nucleus accumbens. In addition, education had a positively and APOE status a negatively significant effect on cognitive tests. CONCLUSION Five subcortical and cortical regions with Aβ pathology are differentially associated with cognitive functions and stages of disease in memory clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Almkvist
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Brüggen
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bellaver B, Ferrari-Souza JP, Uglione da Ros L, Carter SF, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Nordberg A, Pellerin L, Rosa-Neto P, Leffa DT, Zimmer ER. Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 96:e2944-e2955. [PMID: 33952650 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with standardized mean differences (SMDs) using the Hedge G method with random effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304). RESULTS The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and aquaporin 4 in the blood and CSF, as well as monoamine oxidase-B indexed by PET 11C-deuterium-l-deprenyl, were included. GFAP (SMD 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF and S100B levels in the blood (SMD 2.91, 95% CI 1.01-4.8) were found to be significantly increased in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. This meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellaver
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Ferrari-Souza
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Uglione da Ros
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stephen F Carter
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luc Pellerin
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Dubois B, Villain N, Frisoni GB, Rabinovici GD, Sabbagh M, Cappa S, Bejanin A, Bombois S, Epelbaum S, Teichmann M, Habert MO, Nordberg A, Blennow K, Galasko D, Stern Y, Rowe CC, Salloway S, Schneider LS, Cummings JL, Feldman HH. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations of the International Working Group. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:484-496. [PMID: 33933186 PMCID: PMC8339877 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, the US National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association proposed a purely biological definition of Alzheimer's disease that relies on biomarkers. Although the intended use of this framework was for research purposes, it has engendered debate and challenges regarding its use in everyday clinical practice. For instance, cognitively unimpaired individuals can have biomarker evidence of both amyloid β and tau pathology but will often not develop clinical manifestations in their lifetime. Furthermore, a positive Alzheimer's disease pattern of biomarkers can be observed in other brain diseases in which Alzheimer's disease pathology is present as a comorbidity. In this Personal View, the International Working Group presents what we consider to be the current limitations of biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and, on the basis of this evidence, we propose recommendations for how biomarkers should and should not be used for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease in a clinical setting. We recommend that Alzheimer's disease diagnosis be restricted to people who have positive biomarkers together with specific Alzheimer's disease phenotypes, whereas biomarker-positive cognitively unimpaired individuals should be considered only at-risk for progression to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dubois
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Villain
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Clinic, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Stefano Cappa
- University School for Advanced Studies, Pavia, Italy; RCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Bombois
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; INSERM, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Inria ARAMIS project team, Inria-APHP collaboratio, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- AP-HP Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Howard H Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ni R, Röjdner J, Voytenko L, Dyrks T, Thiele A, Marutle A, Nordberg A. In vitro Characterization of the Regional Binding Distribution of Amyloid PET Tracer Florbetaben and the Glia Tracers Deprenyl and PK11195 in Autopsy Alzheimer's Brain Tissue. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1723-1737. [PMID: 33749648 PMCID: PMC8150513 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates a central role of gliosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, the regional distribution and interaction of astrogliosis and microgliosis in association with amyloid-β (Aβ) still remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE Here we studied the pathological profiles in autopsy AD brain by using specific imaging tracers. METHODS Autopsy brain tissues of AD (n = 15, age 70.4±8.5 years) and control cases (n = 12, age 76.6±10.9) were examined with homogenate binding assays, autoradiography for Aβ plaques (3H-florbetaben/3H-PIB), astrogliosis (3H-L-deprenyl), and microgliosis (3H-PK11195/3H-FEMPA), as well as immunoassays. RESULTS In vitro saturation analysis revealed high-affinity binding sites of 3H-florbetaben, 3H-L-deprenyl, and 3H-PK11195/3H-FEMPA in the frontal cortex of AD cases. In vitro3H-florbetaben binding increased across cortical and subcortical regions of AD compared to control with the highest binding in the frontal and parietal cortices. The in vitro3H-L-deprenyl binding showed highest binding in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) followed by cortical and subcortical regions of AD while the GFAP expression was upregulated only in the hippocampus compared to control. The in vitro3H-PK11195 binding was solely increased in the parietal cortex and the hippocampus of AD compared to control. The 3H-florbetaben binding positively correlated with the 3H-L-deprenyl binding in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of AD and controls. Similarly, a positive correlation was observed between 3H-florbetaben binding and GFAP expression in hippocampus of AD and control. CONCLUSION The use of multi-imaging tracers revealed different regional pattern of changes in autopsy AD brain with respect to amyloid plaque pathology versus astrogliosis and microgliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Röjdner
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larysa Voytenko
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Amelia Marutle
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, The Aging Brain Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bucci M, Savitcheva I, Farrar G, Salvadó G, Collij L, Doré V, Gispert JD, Gunn R, Hanseeuw B, Hansson O, Shekari M, Lhommel R, Molinuevo JL, Rowe C, Sur C, Whittington A, Buckley C, Nordberg A. A multisite analysis of the concordance between visual image interpretation and quantitative analysis of [ 18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET images. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2183-2199. [PMID: 33844055 PMCID: PMC8175298 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]flutemetamol PET scanning provides information on brain amyloid load and has been approved for routine clinical use based upon visual interpretation as either negative (equating to none or sparse amyloid plaques) or amyloid positive (equating to moderate or frequent plaques). Quantitation is however fundamental to the practice of nuclear medicine and hence can be used to supplement amyloid reading methodology especially in unclear cases. METHODS A total of 2770 [18F]flutemetamol images were collected from 3 clinical studies and 6 research cohorts with available visual reading of [18F]flutemetamol and quantitative analysis of images. These were assessed further to examine both the discordance and concordance between visual and quantitative imaging primarily using thresholds robustly established using pathology as the standard of truth. Scans covered a wide range of cases (i.e. from cognitively unimpaired subjects to patients attending the memory clinics). Methods of quantifying amyloid ranged from using CE/510K cleared marked software (e.g. CortexID, Brass), to other research-based methods (e.g. PMOD, CapAIBL). Additionally, the clinical follow-up of two types of discordance between visual and quantitation (V+Q- and V-Q+) was examined with competing risk regression analysis to assess possible differences in prediction for progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diagnoses (OD). RESULTS Weighted mean concordance between visual and quantitation using the autopsy-derived threshold was 94% using pons as the reference region. Concordance from a sensitivity analysis which assessed the maximum agreement for each cohort using a range of cut-off values was also estimated at approximately 96% (weighted mean). Agreement was generally higher in clinical cases compared to research cases. V-Q+ discordant cases were 11% more likely to progress to AD than V+Q- for the SUVr with pons as reference region. CONCLUSIONS Quantitation of amyloid PET shows a high agreement vs binary visual reading and also allows for a continuous measure that, in conjunction with possible discordant analysis, could be used in the future to identify possible earlier pathological deposition as well as monitor disease progression and treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bucci
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Section for Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gill Farrar
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK
| | - Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyduine Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Doré
- Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingenieriá, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Gunn
- Invicro, London, UK.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Neurology and Nuclear Medicine Departments, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Av. Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahnaz Shekari
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Neurology and Nuclear Medicine Departments, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Av. Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Rowe
- Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Boccardi M, Dodich A, Albanese E, Gayet-Ageron A, Festari C, Ashton NJ, Bischof GN, Chiotis K, Leuzy A, Wolters EE, Walter MA, Rabinovici GD, Carrillo M, Drzezga A, Hansson O, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Villemagne VL, Winblad B, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V. The strategic biomarker roadmap for the validation of Alzheimer's diagnostic biomarkers: methodological update. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2070-2085. [PMID: 33688996 PMCID: PMC8175304 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The 2017 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Strategic Biomarker Roadmap (SBR) structured the validation of AD diagnostic biomarkers into 5 phases, systematically assessing analytical validity (Phases 1–2), clinical validity (Phases 3–4), and clinical utility (Phase 5) through primary and secondary Aims. This framework allows to map knowledge gaps and research priorities, accelerating the route towards clinical implementation. Within an initiative aimed to assess the development of biomarkers of tau pathology, we revised this methodology consistently with progress in AD research. Methods We critically appraised the adequacy of the 2017 Biomarker Roadmap within current diagnostic frameworks, discussed updates at a workshop convening the Alzheimer’s Association and 8 leading AD biomarker research groups, and detailed the methods to allow consistent assessment of aims achievement for tau and other AD diagnostic biomarkers. Results The 2020 update applies to all AD diagnostic biomarkers. In Phases 2–3, we admitted a greater variety of study designs (e.g., cross-sectional in addition to longitudinal) and reference standards (e.g., biomarker confirmation in addition to clinical progression) based on construct (in addition to criterion) validity. We structured a systematic data extraction to enable transparent and formal evidence assessment procedures. Finally, we have clarified issues that need to be addressed to generate data eligible to evidence-to-decision procedures. Discussion This revision allows for more versatile and precise assessment of existing evidence, keeps up with theoretical developments, and helps clinical researchers in producing evidence suitable for evidence-to-decision procedures. Compliance with this methodology is essential to implement AD biomarkers efficiently in clinical research and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boccardi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE-Standort Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Center for Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CeRiN), CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- USI - Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Public Health (IPH), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angèle Gayet-Ageron
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Festari
- LANE - Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gérard N Bischof
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma E Wolters
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin A Walter
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Division, Geneva Medical Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Drzezga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany
- Molecular Organization of the Brain, Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Julich, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Memory Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsilvania, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Division, Geneva Medical Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ferreira D, Nordberg A, Westman E. Author Response: Biological Subtypes of Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 96:238. [PMID: 33526629 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of dementia worldwide places a high demand on healthcare providers to perform a diagnostic work-up in relatively early stages of the disease, given that the pathologic process usually begins decades before symptoms are evident. Structural imaging is recommended to rule out other disorders and can only provide diagnosis in a late stage with limited specificity. Where PET imaging previously focused on the spatial pattern of hypometabolism, the past decade has seen the development of novel tracers to demonstrate characteristic protein abnormalities. Molecular imaging using PET/SPECT is able to show amyloid and tau deposition in Alzheimer disease and dopamine depletion in parkinsonian disorders starting decades before symptom onset. Novel tracers for neuroinflammation and synaptic density are being developed to further unravel the molecular pathologic characteristics of dementia disorders. In this article, the authors review the current status of established and emerging PET tracers in a diagnostic setting and also their value as prognostic markers in research studies and outcome measures for clinical trials in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Villemagne
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
| | - Susan M Landau
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (V.L.V.); Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (V.L.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., B.N.M.v.B.); UCL institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, England (F.B.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (V.G.); Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif (S.M.L.); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.); and Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.N.)
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Zhou Y, Kuang G, Li J, Halldin C, Nordberg A, Långström B, Tu Y, Ågren H. In silico studies of ASEM analogues targeting α7-nAChR and experimental verification. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3942-3951. [PMID: 35747361 PMCID: PMC9134020 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. The progress of these disorders can be studied using positron emission tomography (PET) with radiotracers for α7-nAChR. [18F]ASEM and [18F] para-ASEM (also referred to as [18F]DBT-10) are novel and potent α7-nAChR PET radiotracers which have successfully been used in human subjects and nonhuman primates, though further improvement of them is still a pressing task in the community of neurodegeneration research. In this work, we demonstrate the use of modern in silico techniques to predict the binding modes, binding strengths, and residence times for molecular PET tracers binding to proteins, using ASEM and DBT-10 as a showcase of the predictive and interpretational power of such techniques, in particular free energy perturbation theory. The corresponding compounds were synthesized and further tested by in vitro binding experiment for validation. Encouragingly, our in silico modeling can correctly predict the binding affinities of the ASEM analogues. The structure–activity relationships for the ortho- and para-substitutions are well explained at the atomistic level and provide structure-based guiding for the future development of PET tracers for α7-nAChR. A discussion is presented on the complementary use of in silico rational methods based on atomic and electronic principles for in vitro characterization of PET tracers. The in silico binding free energies of the ASEM analogues targeting α7-nAChR are in line with the inhibition obtained from in vitro binding assays.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Guanglin Kuang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm
| | - Junhao Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience
- Centre for Psychiatric Research
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Nordberg Translational Molecular Imaging Lab
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics
- Center for Alzheimer Research
- Department of Neurobiology
- Care Sciences and Society
| | | | - Yaoquan Tu
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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43
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Lemoine L, Gillberg PG, Bogdanovic N, Nennesmo I, Saint-Aubert L, Viitanen M, Graff C, Ingelsson M, Nordberg A. Amyloid, tau, and astrocyte pathology in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease variants: AβPParc and PSEN1DE9. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5609-5619. [PMID: 32581318 PMCID: PMC8758475 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) may be associated with atypical amyloid beta deposits in the brain. In vivo amyloid imaging using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) tracer has shown differences in binding between brains from ADAD and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) patients. To gain further insight into the various pathological characteristics of these genetic variants, we performed large frozen hemisphere autoradiography and brain homogenate binding assays with 3H-PiB, 3H-MK6240-3H-THK5117, and 3H-deprenyl for detection of amyloid fibrils, tau depositions, and activated astrocytes, respectively, in two AβPParc mutation carriers, one PSEN1ΔE9 mutation carrier, and three sAD cases. The results were compared with Abeta 40, Abeta 42, AT8, and GFAP immunostaining, respectively, as well as with Congo red and Bielschowsky. PiB showed a very low binding in AβPParc. A high binding was observed in PSEN1ΔE9 and in sAD tissues but with different binding patterns. Comparable 3H-THK5117 and 3H-deprenyl brain homogenate binding was observed for AβPParc, PSEN1ΔE9, and sAD, respectively. Some differences were observed between 3H-MK6240 and 3H-THK5117 in ADAD. A positive correlation between 3H-deprenyl and 3H-THK5117 binding was observed in AβPParc, while no such correlation was found in PSEN1ΔE9 and sAD. Our study demonstrates differences in the properties of the amyloid plaques between two genetic variants of AD and sAD. Despite the lack of measurable amyloid fibrils by PiB in the AβPParc cases, high regional tau and astrocyte binding was observed. The lack of correlation between 3H-deprenyl and 3H-THK5117 binding in PSEN1ΔE9 and sAD in contrast of the positive correlation observed in the AβPParc cases suggest differences in the pathological cascade between variants of AD that warrant further exploration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Lemoine
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Göran Gillberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Matti Viitanen
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Geriatrics, Turku City Hospital, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Caroline Graff
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementia, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Sala A, Nordberg A, Rodriguez-Vieitez E. Longitudinal pathways of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography biomarkers of amyloid-β positivity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5864-5874. [PMID: 33303945 PMCID: PMC8758501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch between CSF and PET amyloid-β biomarkers occurs in up to ≈20% of preclinical/prodromal Alzheimer's disease individuals. Factors underlying mismatching results remain unclear. In this study we hypothesized that CSF/PET discordance provides unique biological/clinical information. To test this hypothesis, we investigated non-demented and demented participants with CSF amyloid-β42 and [18F]Florbetapir PET assessments at baseline (n = 867) and at 2-year follow-up (n = 289). Longitudinal trajectories of amyloid-β positivity were tracked simultaneously for CSF and PET biomarkers. In the longitudinal cohort (n = 289), we found that participants with normal CSF/PET amyloid-β biomarkers progressed more frequently toward CSF/PET discordance than to full CSF/PET positivity (χ2(1) = 5.40; p < 0.05). Progression to CSF+/PET+ status was ten times more frequent in cases with discordant biomarkers, as compared to csf-/pet- cases (χ2(1) = 18.86; p < 0.001). Compared to the CSF+/pet- group, the csf-/PET+ group had lower APOE-ε4ε4 prevalence (χ2(6) = 197; p < 0.001; n = 867) and slower rate of brain amyloid-β accumulation (F(3,600) = 12.76; p < 0.001; n = 608). These results demonstrate that biomarker discordance is a typical stage in the natural history of amyloid-β accumulation, with CSF or PET becoming abnormal first and not concurrently. Therefore, biomarker discordance allows for identification of individuals with elevated risk of progression toward fully abnormal amyloid-β biomarkers, with subsequent risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Our results also suggest that there are two alternative pathways ("CSF-first" vs. "PET-first") toward established amyloid-β pathology, characterized by different genetic profiles and rates of amyloid-β accumulation. In conclusion, CSF and PET amyloid-β biomarkers provide distinct information, with potential implications for their use as biomarkers in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Aging, The Aging Brain, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chiotis K, Savitcheva I, Poulakis K, Saint-Aubert L, Wall A, Antoni G, Nordberg A. [ 18F]THK5317 imaging as a tool for predicting prospective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5875-5887. [PMID: 32616831 PMCID: PMC8758479 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have indicated potential for positron emission tomography (PET) in imaging tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its prognostic utility remains unproven. In a longitudinal, multi-modal, prognostic study of cognitive decline, 20 patients with a clinical biomarker-based diagnosis in the AD spectrum (mild cognitive impairment or dementia and a positive amyloid-beta PET scan) were recruited from the Cognitive Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital. The participants underwent baseline neuropsychological assessment, PET imaging with [18F]THK5317, [11C]PIB and [18F]FDG, magnetic resonance imaging, and in a subgroup cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, with clinical follow-up after a median 48 months (interquartile range = 32:56). In total, 11 patients declined cognitively over time, while 9 remained cognitively stable. The accuracy of baseline [18F]THK5317 binding in temporal areas was excellent at predicting future cognitive decline (area under the receiver operating curve 0.84-1.00) and the biomarker levels were strongly associated with the rate of cognitive decline (β estimate -33.67 to -31.02, p < 0.05). The predictive accuracy of the other baseline biomarkers was poor (area under the receiver operating curve 0.58-0.77) and their levels were not associated with the rate of cognitive decline (β estimate -4.64 to 15.78, p > 0.05). Baseline [18F]THK5317 binding and CSF tau levels were more strongly associated with the MMSE score at follow-up than at baseline (p < 0.05). These findings support a temporal dissociation between tau deposition and cognitive impairment, and suggest that [18F]THK5317 predicts future cognitive decline better than other biomarkers. The use of imaging markers for tau pathology could prove useful for clinical prognostic assessment and screening before inclusion in relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Chiotis
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Nordberg Translational Molecular Imaging Lab, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Poulakis
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Westman neuroimaging group, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Nordberg Translational Molecular Imaging Lab, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XToulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anders Wall
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Section for Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Nordberg Translational Molecular Imaging Lab, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lemoine L, Ledreux A, Mufson EJ, Perez SE, Simic G, Doran E, Lott I, Carroll S, Bharani K, Thomas S, Gilmore A, Hamlett ED, Nordberg A, Granholm AC. Regional binding of tau and amyloid PET tracers in Down syndrome autopsy brain tissue. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:68. [PMID: 33222700 PMCID: PMC7682014 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tau pathology is a major age-related event in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease (DS-AD). Although recently, several different Tau PET tracers have been developed as biomarkers for AD, these tracers showed different binding properties in Alzheimer disease and other non-AD tauopathies. They have not been yet investigated in tissue obtained postmortem for DS-AD cases. Here, we evaluated the binding characteristics of two Tau PET tracers (3H-MK6240 and 3H-THK5117) and one amyloid (3H-PIB) ligand in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and hippocampus (HIPP) in tissue from adults with DS-AD and DS cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to sporadic AD. METHODS Tau and amyloid autoradiography were performed on paraffin-embedded sections. To confirm respective ligand targets, adjacent sections were immunoreacted for phospho-Tau (AT8) and stained for amyloid staining using Amylo-Glo. RESULTS The two Tau tracers showed a significant correlation with each other and with AT8, suggesting that both tracers were binding to Tau deposits. 3H-MK6240 Tau binding correlated with AT8 immunostaining but to a lesser degree than the 3H-THK5117 tracer, suggesting differences in binding sites between the two Tau tracers. 3H-THK5117, 3H-MK6240 and 3H-PIB displayed dense laminar binding in the HIPP and MFG in adult DS brains. A regional difference in Tau binding between adult DS and AD was observed suggesting differential regional Tau deposition in adult DS compared to AD, with higher THK binding density in the MFG in adult with DS compared to AD. No significant correlation was found between 3H-PIB and Amylo-Glo staining in adult DS brains suggesting that the amyloid PIB tracer binds to additional sites. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the regional binding distribution of a first-generation and a second-generation Tau tracer in limbic and neocortical regions in adults with DS, as well as regional differences in Tau binding in adult with DS vs. those with AD. These findings provide new information about the binding properties of two Tau radiotracers for the detection of Tau pathology in adults with DS in vivo and provide valuable data regarding Tau vs. amyloid binding in adult DS compared to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lemoine
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging (KIHA), University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - E J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - G Simic
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Doran
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - I Lott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K Bharani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Thomas
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging (KIHA), University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A Gilmore
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging (KIHA), University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - E D Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A C Granholm
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging (KIHA), University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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47
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Smailovic U, Koenig T, Savitcheva I, Chiotis K, Nordberg A, Blennow K, Winblad B, Jelic V. Regional Disconnection in Alzheimer Dementia and Amyloid-Positive Mild Cognitive Impairment: Association Between EEG Functional Connectivity and Brain Glucose Metabolism. Brain Connect 2020; 10:555-565. [PMID: 33073602 PMCID: PMC7757561 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The disconnection hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is supported by growing neuroimaging and neurophysiological evidence of altered brain functional connectivity in cognitively impaired individuals. Brain functional modalities such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) and electroencephalography (EEG) measure different aspects of synaptic functioning, and can contribute to understanding brain connectivity disruptions in AD. Aim: This study investigated the relationship between cortical glucose metabolism and topographical EEG measures of brain functional connectivity in subjects along AD continuum. Methods: Patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD (n = 67), and stratified into amyloid-positive (n = 32) and negative (n = 10) groups according to cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/40 ratio, were assessed with [18F]FDG-PET and resting-state EEG recordings. EEG-based neuroimaging analysis involved standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), which estimates functional connectivity from cortical sources of electrical activity in a 3D head model. Results: Glucose hypometabolism in temporoparietal lobes was significantly associated with altered EEG functional connectivity of the same regions of interest in clinically diagnosed MCI and AD patients and in patients with biomarker-verified AD pathology. The correlative pattern of disrupted connectivity in temporoparietal lobes, as detected by EEG sLORETA analysis, included decreased instantaneous linear connectivity in fast frequencies and increased lagged linear connectivity in slow frequencies in relation to the activity of remaining cortex. Conclusions: Topographical EEG measures of functional connectivity detect regional dysfunction of AD-vulnerable brain areas as evidenced by association and spatial overlap with the cortical glucose hypometabolism in MCI and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Smailovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
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48
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Mohanty R, Mårtensson G, Poulakis K, Muehlboeck JS, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Chiotis K, Grothe MJ, Nordberg A, Ferreira D, Westman E. Comparison of subtyping methods for neuroimaging studies in Alzheimer's disease: a call for harmonization. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa192. [PMID: 33305264 PMCID: PMC7713995 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological subtypes in Alzheimer's disease, originally identified on neuropathological data, have been translated to in vivo biomarkers such as structural magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, to disentangle the heterogeneity within Alzheimer's disease. Although there is methodological variability across studies, comparable characteristics of subtypes are reported at the group level. In this study, we investigated whether group-level similarities translate to individual-level agreement across subtyping methods, in a head-to-head context. We compared five previously published subtyping methods. Firstly, we validated the subtyping methods in 89 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer's disease dementia patients (reference group: 70 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Secondly, we extended and applied the subtyping methods to 53 amyloid-beta positive prodromal Alzheimer's disease and 30 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer's disease dementia patients (reference group: 200 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging and tau positron emission tomography. Subtyping methods were implemented as outlined in each original study. Group-level and individual-level comparisons across methods were performed. Each individual subtyping method was replicated, and the proof-of-concept was established. At the group level, all methods captured subtypes with similar patterns of demographic and clinical characteristics, and with similar cortical thinning and tau positron emission tomography uptake patterns. However, at the individual level, large disagreements were found in subtype assignments. Although characteristics of subtypes are comparable at the group level, there is a large disagreement at the individual level across subtyping methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for consensus and harmonization across subtyping methods. We call for the establishment of an open benchmarking framework to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Mårtensson
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Poulakis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Clinical Dementia Research Section, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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49
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Chételat G, Arbizu J, Barthel H, Garibotto V, Law I, Morbelli S, van de Giessen E, Agosta F, Barkhof F, Brooks DJ, Carrillo MC, Dubois B, Fjell AM, Frisoni GB, Hansson O, Herholz K, Hutton BF, Jack CR, Lammertsma AA, Landau SM, Minoshima S, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Oyen WJG, Perani D, Rabinovici GD, Scheltens P, Villemagne VL, Zetterberg H, Drzezga A. Amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:951-962. [PMID: 33098804 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various biomarkers are available to support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in clinical and research settings. Among the molecular imaging biomarkers, amyloid-PET, which assesses brain amyloid deposition, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET, which assesses glucose metabolism, provide valuable and complementary information. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal timepoint, combination, and an order in which these PET biomarkers should be used in diagnostic evaluations because conclusive evidence is missing. Following an expert panel discussion, we reached an agreement on the specific use of the individual biomarkers, based on available evidence and clinical expertise. We propose a diagnostic algorithm with optimal timepoints for these PET biomarkers, also taking into account evidence from other biomarkers, for early and differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases that can lead to dementia. We propose three main diagnostic pathways with distinct biomarker sequences, in which amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET are placed at different positions in the order of diagnostic evaluations, depending on clinical presentation. We hope that this algorithm can support diagnostic decision making in specialist clinical settings with access to these biomarkers and might stimulate further research towards optimal diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1237, Groupement d'Intérêt Public Cyceron, Caen, France.
| | - Javier Arbizu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Navarra, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and NIMTlab, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bruno Dubois
- Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, University Hospital of Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway, Oslo; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University and University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Herholz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian F Hutton
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Minoshima
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Flavio Nobili
- UO Clinica Neurologica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Child and Mother Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Milan, Italy; Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Arnhem, Netherlands; Radboud UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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50
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Frisoni GB, Molinuevo JL, Altomare D, Carrera E, Barkhof F, Berkhof J, Delrieu J, Dubois B, Kivipelto M, Nordberg A, Schott JM, van der Flier WM, Vellas B, Jessen F, Scheltens P, Ritchie C. Precision prevention of Alzheimer's and other dementias: Anticipating future needs in the control of risk factors and implementation of disease-modifying therapies. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1457-1468. [PMID: 32815289 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that a fair proportion of dementia cases are preventable, that some preventive actions can be taken immediately, and others may soon be implemented. Primary prevention may target cognitively normal persons with modifiable risk factors through lifestyle and multiple domain interventions (including general cardiovascular health). While the effect on individuals may be modest, it might have a large societal impact by decreasing overall dementia incidence by up to 35%. Secondary prevention will target cognitively normal persons at high risk of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease pathology with future anti-amyloid, anti-tau, or other drugs. This approach is likely to have major benefits to both individuals and society. Memory clinics will need structural and functional changes to adapt to novel technologies and increased patients' demands, and brand-new services may need to be developed with specific skills on risk profiling, risk communication, and personalized risk reduction plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Gérontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, IM2A, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology at University College London, London, UK
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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