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Ma X, Wang H, Ye G, Zheng X, Wang Y. Hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p Expressions Are Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Trauma Patients. Neuroscience 2024; 545:59-68. [PMID: 38492795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the potentials of hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p in traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis, stratification and outcome prediction. A retrospective analysis of clinical data and blood samples of n = 109 TBI patients was performed. Expression levels of hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p were measured using Real-time PCR. The diagnostic values, as well as the values in TBI stratification, of hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p were assessed by receiver operating characteristic analyses. The prognostic impacts were investigated for one-year endpoint events using multivariable Cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The target genes for miR-127-5p were predicted. An upregulation of hsa_circ_0018401 and a downregulation of miR-127-5p expression was detected in patients with TBI, and the highest or lowest levels were found in moderate/severe TBI. A negative correlation between miR-423-3p level and Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the binding relationship between hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p. Hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p, used alone or combinedly, showed clinical values for TBI diagnosis and stratification, as well as outcome prediction. The proteins for target genes covered TBI-related functions and pathways. Therefore, hsa_circ_0018401 and miR-127-5p could represent promising new biomarkers to identify TBI from healthy, moderate/severe TBI from mild TBI, as well as to predict the TBI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancun Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Gaige Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3708-3821. [PMID: 38689398 PMCID: PMC11095490 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care and the ramifications of AD for family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report discusses the larger health care system for older adults with cognitive issues, focusing on the role of caregivers and non-physician health care professionals. An estimated 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure AD. Official AD death certificates recorded 119,399 deaths from AD in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. Official counts for more recent years are still being compiled. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2021, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 140%. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.4 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2023. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $346.6 billion in 2023. Its costs, however, extend to unpaid caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Members of the paid health care and broader community-based workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. However, the United States faces growing shortages across different segments of the dementia care workforce due to a combination of factors, including the absolute increase in the number of people living with dementia. Therefore, targeted programs and care delivery models will be needed to attract, better train and effectively deploy health care and community-based workers to provide dementia care. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2024 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $360 billion. The Special Report investigates how caregivers of older adults with cognitive issues interact with the health care system and examines the role non-physician health care professionals play in facilitating clinical care and access to community-based services and supports. It includes surveys of caregivers and health care workers, focusing on their experiences, challenges, awareness and perceptions of dementia care navigation.
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Schaffert J, LoBue C, Chiang HS, Peters ME, Hart Jr J, Cullum CM. Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics Are Not Related to Neurocognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:325-334. [PMID: 38332549 PMCID: PMC11042919 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) characteristics, age of injury, or recency of injury predicts the course of neurocognitive decline and/or increases conversion rates to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center for participants 50-85 years old with 3-5 visits from 2015 to 2022, with or without TBI history (TBI+ = 508; TBI- = 2,382). Groups were stratified by self-reported TBI history (i.e., single TBI without loss of consciousness [LOC], single TBI with LOC, multiple TBI without LOC, and multiple TBI with LOC), age of most recent TBI, and recency of TBI. Mixed linear models compared neuropsychological composite trajectories (executive functioning/attention/speed, language, memory, and global), co-varying for age, gender, education, apolipoprotein E4 status, race/ethnicity, and baseline diagnosis (normal aging n = 1,720, MCI n = 749, or dementia n = 417). Logistic binary regression examined MCI/dementia conversion rates. RESULTS There was a slightly higher frequency of MCI/dementia in those with multiple TBIs (50% to 60% with and without LOC, compared to 39% with no TBI) at baseline, but longitudinal trajectories were similar. TBI history, age of injury, or recency of injury did not impact neurocognitive trajectories or conversion rates to MCI/dementia (all p's > .01). CONCLUSIONS TBI history, regardless of injury characteristics, age of injury, or recency of injury, did not worsen neurocognitive decline or MCI/dementia conversion. Additional longitudinal research in more diverse cohorts with a wider range of TBI severity is needed to evaluate the specific factors and possible mechanisms in which TBI may increase dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Schaffert
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christian LoBue
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Matthew E Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John Hart Jr
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Chu SF, Liao KH, Wei L. Increasing Risk of Dementia Among Patients with Subsequent Epilepsy Within 2 Years Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1447-1457. [PMID: 38577293 PMCID: PMC10992670 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s452086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known, the association between dementia and TBI with epilepsy has been controversial. Aim This data-driven population-based study is designed to investigate the association between dementia and epilepsy after TBI within a 2-year period. Methods This case-control cohort study was conducted using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000). We included 784 individuals ambulatory or hospitalized for TBI with epilepsy from 2001 to 2011, compared with 2992 patients with TBI without epilepsy who were matched for characteristics including sex, age, and healthcare resource use index date. Every participant was followed up for 5 years to ascertain any dementia development. Data were stratified and analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Through the 5-year follow-up period, 39 patients (5.21%) with TBI with epilepsy and 55 (1.53%) with TBI without epilepsy developed dementia. TBI with epilepsy was independently associated with a >3.03 times risk of dementia after correcting for age, sex, and comorbidities. Conclusion These findings suggest an increased risk of dementia in patients with TBI with epilepsy. Our research recommends that individuals with TBI and epilepsy be monitored more intensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chu
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hsing Liao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Critical Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurotraumatology and Intensive Care, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Theadom A, Barker-Collo S, Parag V, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Hogan S, Ramrakha S, Poulton R. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Significantly Affect Midlife Cognitive Functioning Within the General Population: Findings From a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024; 39:E70-E82. [PMID: 37335217 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether differences exist in mid-adulthood cognitive functioning in people with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). SETTING Community-based study. PARTICIPANTS People born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, recruited into the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Longitudinal Study, who completed neuropsychological assessments in mid-adulthood. Participants who had experienced a moderate or severe TBI or mTBI in the past 12 months were excluded. DESIGN Longitudinal, prospective, observational study. MAIN MEASURES Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, childhood cognition (between 7 and 11 years), and alcohol and substance dependence (from 21 years of age). mTBI history was determined from accident and medical records (from birth to 45 years of age). Participants were classified as having 1 mTBI and more in their lifetime or no mTBI. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) and Trail Making Tests A and B (between 38 and 45 years of age) were used to assess cognitive functioning. T tests and effect sizes were used to identify any differences on cognitive functioning domains between the mTBI and no mTBI groups. Regression models explored the relative contribution of number of mTBIs and age of first mTBI and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables on cognitive functioning. RESULTS Of the 885 participants, 518 (58.5%) had experienced at least 1 mTBI over their lifetime, with a mean number of 2.5 mTBIs. The mTBI group had significantly slower processing speed ( P < .01, d = 0.23) in mid-adulthood than the no TBI controls, with a medium effect size. However, the relationship no longer remained significant after controlling for childhood cognition, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. No significant differences were observed for overall intelligence, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, attention, or cognitive flexibility. Childhood cognition was not linked to likelihood of sustaining mTBI later in life. CONCLUSION mTBI histories in the general population were not associated with lower cognitive functioning in mid-adulthood once sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Theadom
- Author Affiliations: Traumatic Brain Injury Network (TBIN), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Dr Theadom); School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Dr Barker-Collo); National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Dr Parag); Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health & Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand (Mr Hogan and Drs Ramrakha and Poulton); and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Drs Caspi and Moffitt)
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Kluckert C, Hüll M. [Dementia Prevention]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 92:90-106. [PMID: 38490216 DOI: 10.1055/a-2230-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Dementia is common and will continue to grow in importance and numbers in the future. However, as causal treatment is not possible in most cases, prevention is particularly important. This is not only aimed at cognitively healthy people, but is also a central element in all phases of the disease.
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LoBue C, Stopschinski BE, Calveras NS, Douglas PM, Huebinger R, Cullum CM, Hart J, Gonzales MM. Blood Markers in Relation to a History of Traumatic Brain Injury Across Stages of Cognitive Impairment in a Diverse Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:345-358. [PMID: 38143366 PMCID: PMC10947497 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to multiple pathophysiological processes that could increase risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the impact of prior TBI on blood biomarkers for ADRD remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Using cross-sectional data, we assessed whether a history of TBI influences serum biomarkers in a diverse cohort (approximately 50% Hispanic) with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. METHODS Levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NFL), total tau (T-tau), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) were measured for participants across the cognitive spectrum. Participants were categorized based on presence and absence of a history of TBI with loss of consciousness, and study samples were derived through case-control matching. Multivariable general linear models compared concentrations of biomarkers in relation to a history of TBI and smoothing splines modelled biomarkers non-linearly in the cognitively impaired groups as a function of time since symptom onset. RESULTS Each biomarker was higher across stages of cognitive impairment, characterized by clinical diagnosis and Mini-Mental State Examination performance, but these associations were not influenced by a history of TBI. However, modelling biomarkers in relation to duration of cognitive symptoms for ADRD showed differences by history of TBI, with only GFAP and UCHL1 being elevated. CONCLUSIONS Serum GFAP, NFL, T-tau, and UCHL1 were higher across stages of cognitive impairment in this diverse clinical cohort, regardless of TBI history, though longitudinal investigation of the timing, order, and trajectory of the biomarkers in relation to prior TBI is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian LoBue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,TX
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Barbara E. Stopschinski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nil Saez Calveras
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Peter M. Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ryan Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Munro Cullum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,TX
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John Hart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,TX
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX
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LoBue C, Schaffert J, Dams-O'Connor K, Taiwo Z, Sander A, Venkatesan UM, O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, Hammond FM, Wilmoth K, Ding K, Bell K, Munro Cullum C. Identification of Factors in Moderate-Severe TBI Related to a Functional Decline in Cognition Decades After Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:1865-1871. [PMID: 37160187 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a functional decline in cognitive activities decades after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (m-sTBI) might relate to injury features and/or lifetime health factors, some of which may emerge as consequences of the injury. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the TBI Model Systems National Database, a prospective, multi-center, longitudinal study of patients with m-sTBI. SETTING TBI Model Systems Centers. PARTICIPANTS Included were 732 participants rated on the cognitive subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM Cognitive), a metric for everyday cognitive skills, across 3 time points out to 20 years (visits at 2-, 10-, and 20-year follow-ups; N=732). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) FIM Cognitive Scale. Injury characteristics such as timing and features pertaining to severity and health-related factors (eg, alcohol use, socioeconomic status) were examined to discriminate stable from declining participants on the FIM Cognitive Scale using logistic regression. RESULTS At 20 years post-injury, there was a low base rate of FIM Cognitive decline (11%, n=78), with most being stable or having meaningful improvement (89%, n=654). Older age at injury, longer duration of post-traumatic amnesia, and presence of repetitive seizures were significant predictors of FIM Cognitive decline in the final model (area under the curve=0.75), while multiple health-related factors that can represent independent co-morbidities or possible consequences of injury were not. CONCLUSION(S) The strongest contributors to reported functional decline in cognitive activities later-in-life were related to acute characteristics of m-sTBI and experiencing post-traumatic seizures. Future studies are needed integrating functional with performance-based cognitive assessments to affirm conclusions and identify the timeline and trajectory of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian LoBue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Jeff Schaffert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Zinat Taiwo
- H. Bean Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX
| | - Angelle Sander
- H. Bean Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX
| | - Umesh M Venkatesan
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Therese M O'Neil-Pirozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Flora M Hammond
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristin Wilmoth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kathleen Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Del Bigio MR, Krawitz S, Sinha N. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy-neuropathologic change in a routine neuropathology service: 7-year follow-up. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:948-957. [PMID: 37846159 PMCID: PMC10588000 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To follow our 2016 study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change (CTE-NC) in our forensic autopsy service, we prospectively screened all cases with clinical histories of multiple concussions, persistent post-head injury symptoms, or ≥3 hospital investigations for head injuries from 2016 to 2022 inclusive using hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) immunostaining. The cases had routine brain sampling plus 4-6 additional lateral hemisphere samples. When "pathognomonic" CTE-NC lesions were identified, additional p-tau immunostaining was done for CTE-NC staging. Of ∼1100 adult brains aged 18-65 years examined, 85 were screened, and 16 were positive for CTE-NC (2 women, 14 men, ages 35-61 years, median 47 years). Alcohol abuse was documented in 14 of 16 (8 in combination with other substances); 5 had developmental brain anomalies (2 presumed genetic, 3 from acquired perinatal insults). Widespread p-tau deposits (high CTE-NC) were found in 7 of 16. Old brain contusions were present in 9 of 16, but CTE-NC did not colocalize. Of particular interest were (1) a man with FGFR3 mutation/hypochondroplasia and life-long head banging, (2) a woman with cerebral palsy and life-long head banging, and (3) a man with bilateral peri-Sylvian polymicrogyria, alcohol abuse, and multiple head injuries. Thus, CTE-NC occurs in association with repeated head trauma outside contact sports. Substance abuse is a common determinant of risk behavior. The utility of diagnosing mild-/low-stage CTE-NC in this population remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba & Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sherry Krawitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba & Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba & Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Villapol S, Janatpour ZC, Affram KO, Symes AJ. The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1565-1591. [PMID: 37759139 PMCID: PMC10684482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles controlling blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Drugs that target the RAS are used to treat hypertension, heart failure and kidney disorders. They have now been used chronically by millions of people and have a favorable safety profile. In addition to the systemic RAS, it is now appreciated that many different organ systems, including the brain, have their own local RAS. The major ligand of the classic RAS, Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts predominantly through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. These processes can exacerbate brain injuries. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are AT1R antagonists. They have been shown in several preclinical studies to enhance recovery from TBI in rodents through improvements in molecular, cellular and behavioral correlates of injury. ARBs are now under consideration for clinical trials in TBI. Several different RAS peptides that signal through receptors distinct from the AT1R, are also potential therapeutic targets for TBI. The counter regulatory RAS pathway has actions that oppose those stimulated by AT1R signaling. This alternative pathway has many beneficial effects on cells in the central nervous system, bringing about vasodilation, and having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions. Stimulation of this pathway also has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI. This comprehensive review will provide an overview of the various components of the RAS, with a focus on their direct relevance to TBI pathology. It will explore different therapeutic agents that modulate this system and assess their potential efficacy in treating TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary C Janatpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwame O Affram
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Aviva J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Pham T, Green R, Neaves S, Hynan LS, Bell KR, Juengst SB, Zhang R, Driver S, Ding K. Physical activity and perceived barriers in individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. PM R 2023; 15:705-714. [PMID: 35596121 PMCID: PMC9675876 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity (PA), especially aerobic exercise, may benefit cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, but promoting regular PA in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE To characterize PA and perceived barriers to PA in younger (<45 years) and middle age and older (≥45 years) individuals ≥1 year after moderate-to-severe TBI. DESIGN Multicenter survey study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Persons who met the following criteria were included in the study: (1) 18 years and older; (2) English speaking; (3) History of moderate-to-severe TBI; (4) Followed in a TBI Model Systems Center for at least 1 year; and (5) Able to complete the survey independently. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PA level measured by Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire (RAPA) and self-reported barriers to PA. RESULTS A total of 472 participants completed the survey (response rate of 21%). More individuals in the younger group (<45 years old) met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended aerobic PA guidelines compared to the middle-aged and older group (≥ 45 years old) (62% vs 36%, p < .001). Lack of motivation, lack of time, and fatigue were the most reported barriers. Perceived barriers to PA varied by age and PA level: the middle-aged and older individuals (≥ 45 years old) were more likely to report no barriers and inactive individuals (RAPA ≤5) more likely to report lack of motivation and money, pain, and lack of resources. CONCLUSION Participants ≥45 years of age were less likely to meet the CDC PA guidelines than younger individuals after moderate-to-severe TBI. Because perceived barriers to PA varied between age groups and PA levels, individualized approaches may be needed to promote PA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Pham
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Rachel Green
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephanie Neaves
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Linda S. Hynan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences & Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX
| | - Kathleen R. Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shannon B. Juengst
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Simon Driver
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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12
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White LR. If Midlife Brain Injury Is a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, What Is the Neuropathologic Mechanism? J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230332. [PMID: 37212122 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While we know that brain injuries related to sport and military activities sometimes lead to cognitive impairment or early onset dementia, it is unclear if and how they might influence the development of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Published analytic conclusions have been mixed. Two reports in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease reach the same answer: a history of brain injury appears to be a risk factor for generalized brain atrophy, which would likely increase vulnerability to the subsequent development of any variety of ADRD, or to dementia directly attributable to reduced brain mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon R White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
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13
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Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report examines the patient journey from awareness of cognitive changes to potential treatment with drugs that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's. An estimated 6.7 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, and Alzheimer's disease was officially listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2022. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $339.5 billion in 2022. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes - costs that have been aggravated by COVID-19. Members of the paid health care workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. In recent years, however, a shortage of such workers has developed in the United States. This shortage - brought about, in part, by COVID-19 - has occurred at a time when more members of the dementia care workforce are needed. Therefore, programs will be needed to attract workers and better train health care teams. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2023 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $345 billion. The Special Report examines whether there will be sufficient numbers of physician specialists to provide Alzheimer's care and treatment now that two drugs are available that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's disease.
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14
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Lecca D, Hsueh SC, Luo W, Tweedie D, Kim DS, Baig AM, Vargesson N, Kim YK, Hwang I, Kim S, Hoffer BJ, Chiang YH, Greig NH. Novel, thalidomide-like, non-cereblon binding drug tetrafluorobornylphthalimide mitigates inflammation and brain injury. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:16. [PMID: 36872339 PMCID: PMC9987061 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quelling microglial-induced excessive neuroinflammation is a potential treatment strategy across neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), and can be achieved by thalidomide-like drugs albeit this approved drug class is compromised by potential teratogenicity. Tetrafluorobornylphthalimide (TFBP) and tetrafluoronorbornylphthalimide (TFNBP) were generated to retain the core phthalimide structure of thalidomide immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) class. However, the classical glutarimide ring was replaced by a bridged ring structure. TFBP/TFNBP were hence designed to retain beneficial anti-inflammatory properties of IMiDs but, importantly, hinder cereblon binding that underlies the adverse action of thalidomide-like drugs. METHODS TFBP/TFNBP were synthesized and evaluated for cereblon binding and anti-inflammatory actions in human and rodent cell cultures. Teratogenic potential was assessed in chicken embryos, and in vivo anti-inflammatory actions in rodents challenged with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or controlled cortical impact (CCI) moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Molecular modeling was performed to provide insight into drug/cereblon binding interactions. RESULTS TFBP/TFNBP reduced markers of inflammation in mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell cultures and in rodents challenged with LPS, lowering proinflammatory cytokines. Binding studies demonstrated minimal interaction with cereblon, with no resulting degradation of teratogenicity-associated transcription factor SALL4 or of teratogenicity in chicken embryo assays. To evaluate the biological relevance of its anti-inflammatory actions, two doses of TFBP were administered to mice at 1 and 24 h post-injury following CCI TBI. Compared to vehicle treatment, TFBP reduced TBI lesion size together with TBI-induction of an activated microglial phenotype, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry 2-weeks post-injury. Behavioral evaluations at 1- and 2-weeks post-injury demonstrated TFBP provided more rapid recovery of TBI-induced motor coordination and balance impairments, versus vehicle treated mice. CONCLUSION TFBP and TFNBP represent a new class of thalidomide-like IMiDs that lower proinflammatory cytokine generation but lack binding to cereblon, the main teratogenicity-associated mechanism. This aspect makes TFBP and TFNBP potentially safer than classic IMiDs for clinical use. TFBP provides a strategy to mitigate excessive neuroinflammation associated with moderate severity TBI to, thereby, improve behavioral outcome measures and warrants further investigation in neurological disorders involving a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevisbio Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Hwang
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Kintu TM, Katengeke V, Kamoga R, Nguyen T, Najjuma JN, Kitya D, Wakida EK, Obua C, Rukundo GZ. Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury in Uganda: Prevalence and associated factors. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001459. [PMID: 36962918 PMCID: PMC10021383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the burden of dementia continues to rise in sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to develop an evidence base for potentially modifiable risk factors such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Cognitive impairment may result from TBI and since it is an established prodromal form of dementia, we investigated the burden of cognitive impairment and associated factors in persons with a history of TBI in southwestern Uganda. METHODS This was a community-based quantitative study with a cross-sectional design among 189 persons with a history of TBI in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected by the research team in March and June 2022 and entered into Kobo Toolbox before being transferred to RStudio version 4.1.0 for cleaning and analysis. Data were analyzed at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS Most study participants had some form of cognitive impairment (56.1%), with 43.1% of the participants having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cognitive impairment was associated with older age (p-value<0.001); loss of consciousness following the TBI (p-value = 0.019) and a history of tobacco use (p-value = 0.003). As a measure of severity of the TBI, loss of consciousness (aOR = 4.09; CI = 1.57-11.76; p<0.01) and older age (aOR = 1.04; CI = 1.01-1.07; p<0.01) were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION There is a high burden of cognitive impairment among individuals with a history of TBI in southwestern Uganda, and most associated risk factors are potentially modifiable. Long-term follow-up of TBI patients would enable early identification of some risks. Patients with TBI could benefit from behavioural modifications such as restriction of alcohol intake and tobacco use to slow down the progression into dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mwanje Kintu
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Vanessa Katengeke
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kamoga
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Tricia Nguyen
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, United States of America
| | | | - David Kitya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Edith K Wakida
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, United States of America
| | - Celestino Obua
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Nozari A, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of Nanowired Oxiracetam and Neprilysin with Monoclonal Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide and p-Tau Thwarted Exacerbation of Brain Pathology in Concussive Head Injury at Hot Environment. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:271-313. [PMID: 37480464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature adversely affects the outcome of concussive head injury (CHI)-induced brain pathology. Studies from our laboratory showed that animals reared at either cold environment or at hot environment exacerbate brain pathology following CHI. Our previous experiments showed that nanowired delivery of oxiracetam significantly attenuated CHI-induced brain pathology and associated neurovascular changes. Military personnel are the most susceptible to CHI caused by explosion, blasts, missile or blunt head trauma leading to lifetime functional and cognitive impairments affecting the quality of life. Severe CHI leads to instant death and/or lifetime paralysis. Military personnel engaged in combat operations are often subjected to extreme high or low environmental temperature zones across the globe. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents at cold or hot ambient temperatures following CHI are the need of the hour. CHI is also a major risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease by enhancing amyloid beta peptide deposits in the brain. In this review, effect of hot environment on CHI-induced brain pathology is discussed. In addition, whether nanodelivery of oxiracetam together with neprilysin and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to amyloid beta peptide and p-tau could lead to superior neuroprotection in CHI is explored. Our results show that co-administration of oxiracetam with neprilysin and mAb to AβP and p-tau significantly induced superior neuroprotection following CHI in hot environment, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Gibbons LE, Power MC, Walker RL, Kumar RG, Murphy A, Latimer CS, Nolan AL, Melief EJ, Beller A, Bogdani M, Keene CD, Larson EB, Crane PK, Dams-O'Connor K. Association of Traumatic Brain Injury with Late Life Neuropathological Outcomes in a Community-Based Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:949-961. [PMID: 37125552 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies into the association of head trauma with neuropathology have been limited by incomplete lifetime neurotrauma exposure characterization. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuropathological sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an autopsy sample using three sources of TBI ascertainment, weighting findings to reflect associations in the larger, community-based cohort. METHODS Self-reported head trauma with loss of consciousness (LOC) exposure was collected in biennial clinic visits from 780 older adults from the Adult Changes in Thought study who later died and donated their brain for research. Self-report data were supplemented with medical record abstraction, and, for 244 people, structured interviews on lifetime head trauma. Neuropathology outcomes included Braak stage, CERAD neuritic plaque density, Lewy body distribution, vascular pathology, hippocampal sclerosis, and cerebral/cortical atrophy. Exposures were TBI with or without LOC. Modified Poisson regressions adjusting for age, sex, education, and APOE ɛ4 genotype were weighted back to the full cohort of 5,546 participants. RESULTS TBI with LOC was associated with the presence of cerebral cortical atrophy (Relative Risk 1.22, 95% CI 1.02, 1.42). None of the other outcomes was associated with TBI with or without LOC. CONCLUSION TBI with LOC was associated with increased risk of cerebral cortical atrophy. Despite our enhanced TBI ascertainment, we found no association with the Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathologic outcomes among people who survived to at least age 65 without dementia. This suggests the pathophysiological processes underlying post-traumatic neurodegeneration are distinct from the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Gibbons
- General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melinda C Power
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rod L Walker
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raj G Kumar
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alia Murphy
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amber L Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica J Melief
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Beller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marika Bogdani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Hakiki B, Pancani S, Romoli AM, Draghi F, Maccanti D, Mannini A, Cecchi F. Cognitive reserve index and long-term disability in patients with severe traumatic brain injury discharged from the intensive rehabilitation unit. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1106989. [PMID: 37213897 PMCID: PMC10197115 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The "cognitive reserve" (CR) theory posits that higher premorbid cognitive activities can mitigate the effects of brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the association between CR and long-term functional autonomy in patients surviving a severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Setting Data were collected from the database of inpatients with severe acquired brain injury in a rehabilitation unit admitted from August 2012 to May 2020. Participants Patients that had incurred an sTBI, aged 18+ years, completing the phone Glasgow Outcome Scale-Expanded at follow-up (pGOS-E) in absence of previous brain trauma or neurological disease, or cognitive disorders were included. Patients with severe brain injury from non-traumatic etiologies were not included in the study. Design In this longitudinal study, all patients underwent a multidimensional assessment including the cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq), the coma recovery scale-revised, the level of cognitive functioning, the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test at admission. At discharge, functional scales were administered again together with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The pGOS-E was assessed at follow-up. Main measures pGOS-E. Results A total of 106 patients/caregivers underwent the pGOS-E after 5.8 [3.6] years from the event. Among them, 46 (43.4%) died after discharge, and 60 patients [men: 48 (80%); median age: 54 years; median time post-onset: 37 days; median education level: 10 years; median CRIq total score: 91] were included in the analysis exploring the association between pGOS-E and demographic data, cognitive reserve surrogates, and clinical variables at admission and discharge from the rehabilitation unit. A younger age (B = -0.035, p = 0.004) and a lower DRS category at discharge (B = -0.392, p = 0.029) were significantly related to a higher long-term functional autonomy in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Long-term functional autonomy was not influenced by CR as assessed through the educational level and the CRIq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Hakiki
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Pancani
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Pancani
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Cecchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Dong H, Guo L, Yang H, Zhu W, Liu F, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Xue K, Li Q, Liang M, Zhang N, Qin W. Association between gray matter atrophy, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1129051. [PMID: 37091519 PMCID: PMC10117777 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1129051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia in the elderly. Cerebral atrophy and hypoperfusion are two important pathophysiological characteristics. However, it is still unknown about the area-specific causal pathways between regional gray matter atrophy, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in AD patients. Method Forty-two qualified AD patients and 49 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. First, we explored voxel-wise inter-group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) -derived cerebral blood flow (CBF). Then we explored the voxel-wise associations between GMV and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, GMV and CBF, and CBF and MMSE to identify brain targets contributing to cognitive impairment in AD patients. Finally, a mediation analysis was applied to test the causal pathways among atrophied GMV, hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in AD. Results Voxel-wise permutation test identified that the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) had both decreased GMV and CBF in the AD. Moreover, the GMV of this region was positively correlated with MMSE and its CBF, and CBF of this region was also positively correlated with MMSE in AD (p < 0.05, corrected). Finally, mediation analysis revealed that gray matter atrophy of left MTG drives cognitive impairment of AD via the mediation of CBF (proportion of mediation = 55.82%, β = 0.242, 95% confidence interval by bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap: 0.082 to 0.530). Conclusion Our findings indicated suggested that left MTG is an important hub linking gray matter atrophy, hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment for AD, and might be a potential treatment target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Dong
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailei Yang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Technical College for the Deaf, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Zhang,
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wen Qin,
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20
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Grasset L, Power MC, Crivello F, Tzourio C, Chêne G, Dufouil C. How Traumatic Brain Injury History Relates to Brain Health MRI Markers and Dementia Risk: Findings from the 3C Dijon Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:183-193. [PMID: 36710672 PMCID: PMC10041415 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of brain health and on dementia risk are still debated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of history of TBI with LOC with incident dementia and neuroimaging markers of brain structure and small vessel disease lesions. METHODS The analytical sample consisted in 4,144 participants aged 65 and older who were dementia-free at baseline from the Three City -Dijon study. History of TBI with LOC was self-reported at baseline. Clinical Dementia was assessed every two to three years, up to 12 years of follow-up. A subsample of 1,675 participants <80 years old underwent a brain MRI at baseline. We investigated the associations between history of TBI with LOC and 1) incident all cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using illness-death models, and 2) neuroimaging markers at baseline. RESULTS At baseline, 8.3% of the participants reported a history of TBI with LOC. In fully-adjusted models, participants with a history of TBI with LOC had no statistically significant differences in dementia risk (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.60-1.36) or AD risk (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.69-1.52), compared to participants without TBI history. History of TBI with LOC was associated with lower white matter volume (β= -4.58, p = 0.048), but not with other brain volumes, white matter hyperintensities volume, nor covert brain infarct. CONCLUSION This study did not find evidence of an association between history of TBI with LOC and dementia or AD dementia risks over 12-year follow-up, brain atrophy, or markers of small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Grasset
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Bordeaux, France
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France.,Pole de sante publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France.,Pole de sante publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Huang H, Feng L, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Neuroprotective Effects of Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies to Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Brain Pathology Following Alzheimer's Disease Exacerbated by Concussive Head Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:139-192. [PMID: 37480461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Concussive head injury (CHI) is one of the major risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in military personnel at later stages of life. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in CHI leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta protein (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments precipitating AD brain pathology. Oxidative stress in CHI or AD is likely to enhance production of nitric oxide indicating a role of its synthesizing enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD or CHI reducing NOS upregulation for neuroprotection are emerging. Recent research shows that stem cells and neurotrophic factors play key roles in CHI-induced aggravation of AD brain pathologies. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that CHI exacerbates AD brain pathology in model experiments. Accordingly, it is quite likely that nanodelivery of NOS antibodies together with cerebrolysin and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) will induce superior neuroprotection in AD associated with CHI. In this review, co-administration of TiO2 nanowired cerebrolysin - a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, together with MSCs and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to neuronal NOS is investigated for superior neuroprotection following exacerbation of brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI based on our own investigations. Our observations show that nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin, MSCs and neuronal NOS in combination induces superior neuroprotective in brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease Development After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:354-358. [PMID: 34966025 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for developing neurocognitive disorders, though this association remains controversial. Determination of risk factors for post-traumatic neurodegeneration in patients with TBI is critical given the high incidence of TBI. We hypothesized that cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, in addition to TBI severity, are associated with the risk of post-traumatic development of Alzheimer disease dementia (ADD). A case-controlled retrospective study was conducted using medical records and medical insurance data of 5642 patients with TBI admitted to a tertiary trauma center over a 12-year period, to assess risk factors of developing ADD after TBI. Logistic regression shows that presence of post-traumatic amnesia ( P= 0.03) and chronic vascular lesions ( P= 0.04) are significantly associated with development of ADD after TBI. This innovative preliminary study is the first to explore risk factors for post-traumatic ADD. Further association studies are essential to optimize care following TBI.
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23
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Protective role of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling activation in neurological dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104896. [PMID: 36191807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous incretin hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and fatty acid oxidation in the brain. GLP-1 also exhibits similar functions and growth factor-like properties to IGF-1, which is likely how it exerts its neuroprotective effects. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that IGF-1 and GLP-1, apart from regulating growth and development, prevent neuronal death mediated by amyloidogenesis, cerebral glucose deprivation, neuroinflammation and apoptosis through modulation of PI3/Akt kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK). IGF-1 resistance and GLP-1 deficiency impair protective cellular signaling mechanisms, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, IGF-1 and GLP-1 have emerged as an essential component of the neuronal system and as potential therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. There is substantial evidence that IGF-1 and GLP-1 analogues penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exhibit neuroprotective functions, including synaptic formation, neuronal plasticity, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Conclusively, this review represents the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling target activators in ameliorating neurological disorders.
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24
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TDP-43 drives synaptic and cognitive deterioration following traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:187-210. [PMID: 35713704 PMCID: PMC9945325 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TBI contributes to developing AD remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that aberrant production of TDP-43 is a key factor in promoting AD neuropathology and synaptic and cognitive deterioration in mouse models of mild closed head injury (CHI). We observed that a single mild CHI is sufficient to exacerbate AD neuropathology and accelerate synaptic and cognitive deterioration in APP transgenic mice but repeated mild CHI are required to induce neuropathological changes and impairments in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory retention in wild-type animals. Importantly, these changes in animals exposed to a single or repeated mild CHI are alleviated by silencing of TDP-43 but reverted by rescue of the TDP-43 knockdown. Moreover, overexpression of TDP-43 in the hippocampus aggravates AD neuropathology and provokes cognitive impairment in APP transgenic mice, mimicking single mild CHI-induced changes. We further discovered that neuroinflammation triggered by TBI promotes NF-κB-mediated transcription and expression of TDP-43, which in turn stimulates tau phosphorylation and Aβ formation. Our findings suggest that excessive production of TDP-43 plays an important role in exacerbating AD neuropathology and in driving synaptic and cognitive declines following TBI.
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25
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Yang ZY, Tang T, Li PF, Li XX, Wu Y, Feng DD, Hu MR, Dai F, Zheng F, Zhang W, Wang Y. Systematic analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs reveals therapeutic targets of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in the cortexes of experimental traumatic brain injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154168. [PMID: 35623157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in XFZYD therapy remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We explored new therapeutic targets of XFZYD in TBI by the tsRNA-sequencing (tsRNA-seq) method. MATERIAL AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess the quality of XFZYD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly categorized into three groups: sham, TBI, and XFZYD. The protective effects of XFZYD were investigated in vivo by using the Morris water maze (MWM), modified neurological severity score (mNSS) tests, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and Nissl staining. tsRNA-seq was applied to analyze the expression of tsRNAs in the rat cortex. Four tsRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. The biological function of putative tsRNAs was investigated using bioinformatics techniques. The functions of tsRNAs targeting mRNAs were verified in vitro. RESULTS The mNSS and MWM indicated that XFZYD notably improved neurological deficits and cognitive function after TBI (p < 0.05). H&E staining and Nissl staining demonstrated that XFZYD suppressed damage and neuronal loss in the TBI rat cortex. We evaluated the dysregulated expression of 732 tsRNAs (128 tsRNAs were significantly altered in the TBI/sham group (fold change > 2 and p < 0.05), and 97 tsRNAs were dysregulated in the XFZYD/TBI group (fold change > 2 and p < 0.05)) in the TBI rat cortex. Interestingly, 41 tsRNAs were distinctly regulated by XFZYD. The qRT-PCR results of the four randomly chosen tsRNAs (tRF-54-75-Glu-TTC-2, tRF-55-75-Gln-CTG-2-M2, tRF-55-76-Val-TAC-1, tRF-64-85-Leu-AAG-1-M4) exhibited trends similar to those of the tsRNA-seq data. We certified the possible targets of tsRNAs and suggested the crosscurrent in the expression trend of the target genes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that XFZYD-related tsRNAs could contribute to regulating insulin resistance, the calcium signaling pathway, autophagy, and axon guidance. CONCLUSIONS The current research implies that tsRNAs are putative therapeutic targets of XFYZD for TBI treatment. This research provides new insight into the therapeutic targets of XFZYD in treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xue-Xuan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ming-Rui Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Feng Dai
- Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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27
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Weiner MW, Harvey D, Landau SM, Veitch DP, Neylan TC, Grafman JH, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Tosun D, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Saykin AJ, Hayes J, De Carli C. Traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder are not associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology measured with biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:10.1002/alz.12712. [PMID: 35768339 PMCID: PMC10269599 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies report an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between TBI/PTSD and biomarker-defined AD. METHODS We identified 289 non-demented veterans with TBI and/or PTSD and controls who underwent clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein E testing. Participants were followed for up to 5.2 years. RESULTS Exposure groups (TBI, PTSD, and TBI + PTSD) had higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI: P < .0001) and worse Mini-Mental State Examination scores (PTSD: P = .008; TBI & PTSD: P = .009) than controls. There were no significant differences in other cognitive scores, MRI volumes, Aβ or tau accumulation, or in most longitudinal measures. DISCUSSION TBI and/or PTSD were not associated with elevated AD biomarkers. The poorer cognitive status of exposed veterans may be due to other comorbid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jordan H Grafman
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hayes
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles De Carli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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28
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Young M, Peterson AH. Neuroethics across the Disorders of Consciousness Care Continuum. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:375-392. [PMID: 35738293 DOI: 10.1055/a-1883-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Zhou J, Geng Y, Su T, Wang Q, Ren Y, Zhao J, Fu C, Weber M, Lin H, Kaminker JS, Liu N, Sheng M, Chen Y. NMDA receptor-dependent prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 induction in neurons promotes glial proliferation during brain development and injury. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110557. [PMID: 35354047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play critical roles in brain development and disease, but the mechanisms that regulate astrocyte proliferation are poorly understood. We report that astrocyte proliferation is bi-directionally regulated by neuronal activity via NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling in neurons. Prolonged treatment with an NMDAR antagonist reduced expression of cell-cycle-related genes in astrocytes in hippocampal cultures and suppressed astrocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo, whereas neuronal activation promoted astrocyte proliferation, dependent on neuronal NMDARs. Expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) is induced specifically in neurons by NMDAR activation and is required for activity-dependent astrocyte proliferation through its product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). NMDAR inhibition or Ptgs2 genetic ablation in mice reduced the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia induced by mild traumatic brain injury in the absence of secondary excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death. Our study defines an NMDAR-mediated signaling mechanism that allows trans-cellular control of glial proliferation by neurons in brain development and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tonghui Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongfei Ren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joshua S Kaminker
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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30
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Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report discusses consumers' and primary care physicians' perspectives on awareness, diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. An estimated 6.5 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available. Alzheimer's disease was officially listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States in 2019 and the seventh-leading cause of death in 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 16 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2021. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $271.6 billion in 2021. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes - costs that have been aggravated by COVID-19. Members of the dementia care workforce have also been affected by COVID-19. As essential care workers, some have opted to change jobs to protect their own health and the health of their families. However, this occurs at a time when more members of the dementia care workforce are needed. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2022 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $321 billion. A recent survey commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association revealed several barriers to consumers' understanding of MCI. The survey showed low awareness of MCI among Americans, a reluctance among Americans to see their doctor after noticing MCI symptoms, and persistent challenges for primary care physicians in diagnosing MCI. Survey results indicate the need to improve MCI awareness and diagnosis, especially in underserved communities, and to encourage greater participation in MCI-related clinical trials.
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31
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Gupta A, Dovek L, Proddutur A, Elgammal FS, Santhakumar V. Long-Term Effects of Moderate Concussive Brain Injury During Adolescence on Synaptic and Tonic GABA Currents in Dentate Granule Cells and Semilunar Granule Cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:800733. [PMID: 35360164 PMCID: PMC8964009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive physiological changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus circuits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) contribute to temporal evolution of neurological sequelae. Although early posttraumatic changes in dentate synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA currents have been reported, and whether they evolve over time and remain distinct between the two projection neuron classes, granule cells and semilunar granule cells, have not been evaluated. We examined long-term changes in tonic GABA currents and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and in dentate projection neurons 3 months after moderate concussive fluid percussion injury (FPI) in adolescent rats. Granule cell tonic GABA current amplitude remained elevated up to 1 month after FPI, but decreased to levels comparable with age-matched controls by 3 months postinjury. Granule cell sIPSC frequency, which we previously reported to be increased 1 week after FPI, remained higher than in age-matched controls at 1 month and was significantly reduced 3 months after FPI. In semilunar granule cells, tonic GABA current amplitude and sIPSC frequency were not different from controls 3 months after FPI, which contrast with decreases observed 1 week after injury. The switch in granule cell inhibitory inputs from early increase to subsequent decrease could contribute to the delayed emergence of cognitive deficits and seizure susceptibility after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Laura Dovek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Archana Proddutur
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Fatima S. Elgammal
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar,
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Yang Z, Li X, Luo W, Wu Y, Tang T, Wang Y. The Involvement of Long Non-coding RNA and Messenger RNA Based Molecular Networks and Pathways in the Subacute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Mice. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:794342. [PMID: 35311004 PMCID: PMC8931714 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.794342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex injury with a multi-faceted recovery process. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are demonstrated to be involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the roles of lncRNAs in long-term neurological deficits post-TBI are poorly understood. The present study depicted the microarray’s lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles at 14 days in TBI mice hippocampi. LncRNA and mRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the microarray results. Bioinformatics analysis [including Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network] were applied to explore the underlying mechanism. A total of 264 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 232 expressed mRNAs were identified (fold change > 1.5 and P-value < 0.05). Altered genes were enriched in inflammation, immune response, blood–brain barrier, glutamatergic neurological effects, and neuroactive ligand-receptor, which may be associated with TBI-induced pathophysiologic changes in the long-term neurological deficits. The lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression network was generated for 74 lncRNA-mRNA pairs, most of which are positive correlations. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network included 12 lncRNAs, 59 miRNAs, and 25 mRNAs. Numerous significantly altered lncRNAs and mRNAs in mice hippocampi were enriched in inflammation and immune response. Furthermore, these dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets to overcome obstacles in long-term recovery following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexuan Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Tao Tang,
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Wang,
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LoBue C, Kelley BJ, Hart J, Helphrey J, Schaffert J, Cullum CM, Peters ME, Douglas PM. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Related to Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1491-1496. [PMID: 35491792 PMCID: PMC9241585 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined an association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this reason, we compared an AD dementia group with an mTBI history (n = 10) to a matched AD control group (n = 20) on measures of cognitive function, cerebral glucose metabolism, and markers of amyloid and tau deposition. Only a trend and medium-to-large effect size for higher phosphorylated and total tau was identified for the mTBI group. A history of mTBI may be associated with greater tau in AD, indicating a potential pathway for increasing risk for AD, though further evaluation with larger samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian LoBue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Brendan J. Kelley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John Hart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Jessica Helphrey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeff Schaffert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Munro Cullum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Matthew E. Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter M. Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Min KH, Kang SO, Oh SJ, Han JM, Lee KE. Association Between Gout and Dementia in the Elderly: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1177-1185. [PMID: 33593591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The data showing the association between gout and dementia are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether gout is associated with the risk of dementia in the elderly. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used population-based representative claims data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. We used the Elderly Cohort database which represents 10% of the elderly Koreans over the age of 60, from 2002 to 2013. We assessed the association of gout with a new diagnosis of dementia with Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted the data for potential covariates such as demographics (age, sex) and comorbidities. RESULTS We included 22,178 patients with gout and 113,590 without. In each group, 2,557 (11.53%) and 18,264 (16.08%) patients, respectively, had dementia. In multivariable analyses, gout was independently associated with a significantly lower hazard ratio of incident dementia, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.60-0.66). A sub-group analysis conducted to find out the effects of gout medication showed that febuxostat use significantly decreased incident dementia. CONCLUSION Gout was independently associated with a 37% lower risk of dementia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Min
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Oh Kang
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea.
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Cai X, Harding IC, Sadaka AH, Colarusso B, Kulkarni P, Ebong E, Qiao J, O'Hare NR, Ferris CF. Mild repetitive head impacts alter perivascular flow in the midbrain dopaminergic system in awake rats. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab265. [PMID: 34806002 PMCID: PMC8600963 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head injury is a known risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Disruption in the perivascular clearance of metabolic waste and unwanted proteins is thought to be a contributing factor to disease progression. We hypothesized that repetitive mild head impacts, without evidence of structural brain damage, would increase microgliosis and AQP4 expression and depolarization and alter perivascular flow in the midbrain dopaminergic system. Adult male rats were subjected to sham, or two mild head impacts separated by 48 h. Three weeks later, fully awake rats were imaged using dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI to follow the distribution of intraventricular gadobenate dimeglumine contrast agent. Images were registered to and analysed using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site-specific data on 171 different brain areas. Following imaging, rats were tested for cognitive function using the Barnes maze assay. Histological analyses of tyrosine hydroxylase, microglia activation and AQP4 expression and polarization were performed on a parallel cohort of head impacted rats at 20 days post insult to coordinate with the time of imaging. There was no change in the global flux of contrast agent between sham and head impacted rats. The midbrain dopaminergic system showed a significant decrease in the influx of contrast agent as compared to sham controls together with a significant increase in microgliosis, AQP4 expression and depolarization. There were no deficits in cognitive function. The histology showed a significant level of neuroinflammation in the midbrain dopaminergic system 3 weeks post mild repetitive head impact but no loss in tyrosine hydroxylase. MRI revealed no structural brain damage emphasizing the potential serious consequences of mild head impacts on sustained brain neuroinflammation in this area critical to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Cai
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aymen H Sadaka
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley Colarusso
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eno Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ju Qiao
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nick R O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Clark IA. How diseases caused by parasites allowed a wider understanding of disease in general: my encounters with parasitology in Australia and elsewhere over the last 50 years. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1265-1276. [PMID: 34757090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This is an account of how it can prove possible to carve a reasonable scientific career by following what brought most scientific thrill rather than pursue a safe, institution-directed, path. The fascination began when I noticed, quite unexpectedly, that the normal mouse immune response causes Babesia microti to die, en masse, inside circulating red cells. It eventuated that prior Bacillus Calmette Guerin infection caused the same outcome, even before the protozoal infection became patent. It also rendered mice quite immune, long term. I acquired an obsession about this telling us how little we know. Surrounded by basic immunologists, parasitologists and virologists in London, I had been given, in the days that funding was ample, the opportunity to follow any promising lead with a free hand. Through Bacillus Calmette Guerin, this meant stumbling through a set of phenomena that were in their infancies, and could be explained only through nebulous novel soluble mediators such as TNF, described the following year as causing the in vivo necrosis of tumours in mice. Beginning with malarial disease pathogenesis, I followed TNF wherever it led, into innate immunity, acute and chronic infections, neurophysiology and neurodegenerative diseases, in all of which states awareness of the role of this cytokine is still growing fast. Many of these steps can be illustrated and expanded upon in parasitic diseases. Covering the importance of TNF in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease has proved to be highly illuminating, scientifically and otherwise. But the insights it has given me into understanding the temptations to which patent-owners can succumb when faced with opportunities to put money before people is not for the faint hearted. Clearly, parasitologists inhabit a much more common-good yet science-orientated, civilised, world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Clark
- Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Rabinowitz AR, Kumar RG, Sima A, Venkatesan UM, Juengst SB, O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, Watanabe TK, Goldin Y, Hammond FM, Dreer LE. Aging with Traumatic Brain Injury: Deleterious Effects of Injury Chronicity Are Most Pronounced in Later Life. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2706-2713. [PMID: 34082606 PMCID: PMC8822416 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of age on longitudinal traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes requires attention to both chronic and evolving TBI effects and age-related changes in health and function. The present study examines the independent and interactive effects of aging and chronicity on functional outcomes after TBI. We leveraged a well-defined cohort of individuals who sustained a moderate/severe TBI and received acute inpatient rehabilitation at specialized centers with high follow up rate as part of their involvement in the TBI Model Systems longitudinal study. We selected individuals at one of two levels of TBI chronicity (either 2 or 10 years post-injury) and used an exact matching procedure to obtain balanced chronicity groups based on age and other characteristics (N = 1993). We found that both older age and greater injury chronicity were related to greater disability, reduced functional independence, and less community participation. There was a significant age by chronicity interaction, indicating that the adverse effects of greater time post-injury were most pronounced among survivors who were age 75 or older. The inflection point at roughly 75 years of age was corroborated by post hoc analyses, dividing the sample by age at 75 years and examining the interaction between age group and chronicity. These findings point to a need for provision of rehabilitation services in the chronic injury period, particularly for those who are over 75 years old. Future work should investigate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction towards the goal of developing interventions and models of care to promote healthy aging with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj G. Kumar
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Sima
- Corrona, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shannon B. Juengst
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Therese M. O'Neil-Pirozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yelena Goldin
- Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Flora M. Hammond
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Laura E. Dreer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Leaston J, Qiao J, Harding IC, Kulkarni P, Gharagouzloo C, Ebong E, Ferris CF. Quantitative Imaging of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Following Repetitive Mild Head Impacts. Front Neurol 2021; 12:729464. [PMID: 34659094 PMCID: PMC8515019 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.729464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This was an exploratory study designed to evaluate the feasibility of a recently established imaging modality, quantitative ultrashort time-to-echo contrast enhanced (QUTE-CE), to follow the early pathology and vulnerability of the blood brain barrier in response to single and repetitive mild head impacts. A closed-head, momentum exchange model was used to produce three consecutive mild head impacts aimed at the forebrain separated by 24 h each. Animals were measured at baseline and within 1 h of impact. Anatomical images were collected to assess the extent of structural damage. QUTE-CE biomarkers for BBB permeability were calculated on 420,000 voxels in the brain and were registered to a bilateral 3D brain atlas providing site-specific information on 118 anatomical regions. Blood brain barrier permeability was confirmed by extravasation of labeled dextran. All head impacts occurred in the absence of any structural brain damage. A single mild head impact had measurable effects on blood brain barrier permeability and was more significant after the second and third impacts. Affected regions included the prefrontal ctx, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, and brainstem. Our findings support the concerns raised by the healthcare community regarding mild head injuries in participants in organized contact sports and military personnel in basic training and combat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju Qiao
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ian C. Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Codi Gharagouzloo
- Imaginostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eno Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Craig F. Ferris
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Wang Z, Li J, Wang A, Wang Z, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. Sevoflurane Inhibits Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuron Apoptosis via EZH2-Downregulated KLF4/p38 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658720. [PMID: 34422795 PMCID: PMC8371463 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by physical damage to the brain tissues, ensuing transitory or permanent neurological dysfunction featured with neuronal loss and subsequent brain damage. Sevoflurane, a widely used halogenated anesthetic in clinical settings, has been reported to alleviate neuron apoptosis in TBI. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism behind this alleviation remains unknown, and thus was the focus of the current study. First, Feeney models were established to induce TBI in rats. Subsequently, evaluation of the modified neurological severity scores, measurement of brain water content, Nissl staining, and TUNEL assay were employed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were further applied to detect the expression patterns of apoptosis-related proteins as well as the activation of the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway within the lesioned cortex. Additionally, a stretch injury model comprising cultured neurons was established, followed by neuron-specific enolase staining and Sholl analysis. Mechanistic analyses were performed using dual-luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The results demonstrated sevoflurane treatment brought about a decrease blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content, brain injury and neuron apoptosis, to improve neurological function. The neuroprotective action of sevoflurane could be attenuated by inactivation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Mechanistically, sevoflurane exerted an inhibitory effect on neuron apoptosis by up-regulating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which targeted Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and inhibited KLF4 transcription. Collectively, our findings indicate that sevoflurane suppresses neuron apoptosis induced by TBI through activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway via the EZH2/KLF4 axis, providing a novel mechanistic explanation for neuroprotection of sevoflurane in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3,6'-Dithiopomalidomide Ameliorates Hippocampal Neurodegeneration, Microgliosis and Astrogliosis and Improves Cognitive Behaviors in Rats with a Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158276. [PMID: 34361041 PMCID: PMC8348060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. It can instigate immediate cell death, followed by a time-dependent secondary injury that results from disproportionate microglial and astrocyte activation, excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue, culminating in both short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to a TBI. We studied a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, namely, 3,6′-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiD) for mitigating TBI-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in rats. Both agents were administered as a single intravenous dose (0.5 mg/kg) at 5 h post injury so that the efficacies could be compared. Pom and DP significantly reduced the contusion volume evaluated at 24 h and 7 days post injury. Both agents ameliorated short-term memory deficits and anxiety behavior at 7 days after a TBI. The number of degenerating neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus after a TBI was reduced by Pom and DP. DP, but not Pom, significantly attenuated the TBI-induced microgliosis and DP was more efficacious than Pom at attenuating the TBI-induced astrogliosis in CA1 and DG at 7D after a TBI. In summary, a single intravenous injection of Pom or DP, given 5 h post TBI, significantly reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration and prevented cognitive deficits with a concomitant attenuation of the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Jung YJ, Tweedie D, Scerba MT, Kim DS, Palmas MF, Pisanu A, Carta AR, Greig NH. Repurposing Immunomodulatory Imide Drugs (IMiDs) in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:656921. [PMID: 33854417 PMCID: PMC8039148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.656921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a common trait in the pathology and progression of the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders have emerged as a global crisis, affecting 1 in 4 people, while neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death in the elderly population worldwide (WHO, 2001; GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, 2019). However, there remains an immense deficit in availability of effective drug treatments for most neurological disorders. In fact, for disorders such as depression, placebos and behavioral therapies have equal effectiveness as antidepressants. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, drugs that can prevent, slow, or cure the disease have yet to be found. Several non-traditional avenues of drug target identification have emerged with ongoing neurological disease research to meet the need for novel and efficacious treatments. Of these novel avenues is that of neuroinflammation, which has been found to be involved in the progression and pathology of many of the leading neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is characterized by glial inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the meta-analyses have provided evidence of genetic/proteomic upregulation of inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the mechanisms underpinning the connections between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders are unclear, and meta-analysis results have shown high sensitivity to factors such as disorder severity and sample type, there is significant evidence of neuroinflammation associations across neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and introduce current research on the potential of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) as a new treatment strategy for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- AevisBio, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Attilio PJ, Snapper DM, Rusnak M, Isaac A, Soltis AR, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Symes AJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury Reveals That the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan Acts Through Novel Pathways. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:636259. [PMID: 33828448 PMCID: PMC8019829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in complex pathological reactions, where the initial lesion is followed by secondary inflammation and edema. Our laboratory and others have reported that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have efficacy in improving recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice. Treatment of mice with a subhypotensive dose of the ARB candesartan results in improved functional recovery, and reduced pathology (lesion volume, inflammation and gliosis). In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which candesartan improves recovery after controlled cortical impact injury (CCI), we performed transcriptomic profiling on brain regions after injury and drug treatment. We examined RNA expression in the ipsilateral hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus at 3 or 29 days post injury (dpi) treated with either candesartan (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle. RNA was isolated and analyzed by bulk mRNA-seq. Gene expression in injured and/or candesartan treated brain region was compared to that in sham vehicle treated mice in the same brain region to identify genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between groups. The most DEGs were expressed in the hippocampus at 3 dpi, and the number of DEGs reduced with distance and time from the lesion. Among pathways that were differentially expressed at 3 dpi after CCI, candesartan treatment altered genes involved in angiogenesis, interferon signaling, extracellular matrix regulation including integrins and chromosome maintenance and DNA replication. At 29 dpi, candesartan treatment reduced the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Some changes in gene expression were confirmed in a separate cohort of animals by qPCR. Fewer DEGs were found in the thalamus, and only one in the hypothalamus at 3 dpi. Additionally, in the hippocampi of sham injured mice, 3 days of candesartan treatment led to the differential expression of 384 genes showing that candesartan in the absence of injury had a powerful impact on gene expression specifically in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that candesartan has broad actions in the brain after injury and affects different processes at acute and chronic times after injury. These data should assist in elucidating the beneficial effect of candesartan on recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Attilio
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dustin M. Snapper
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milan Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Akira Isaac
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anthony R. Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew D. Wilkerson
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aviva J. Symes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Lerouet D, Marchand-Leroux C, Besson VC. Neuropharmacology in traumatic brain injury: from preclinical to clinical neuroprotection? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:524-538. [PMID: 33527472 PMCID: PMC9290810 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health problem worldwide and is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals, contributing to devastating socioeconomic consequences. Despite numerous promising pharmacological strategies reported as neuroprotective in preclinical studies, the translation to clinical trials always failed, albeit the great diversity of therapeutic targets evaluated. In this review, first, we described epidemiologic features, causes, and primary and secondary injuries of TBI. Second, we outlined the current literature on animal models of TBI, and we described their goals, their advantages and disadvantages according to the species used, the type of injury induced, and their clinical relevance. Third, we defined the concept of neuroprotection and discussed its evolution. We also identified the reasons that might explain the failure of clinical translation. Then, we reviewed post‐TBI neuroprotective treatments with a focus on the following pleiotropic drugs, considered “low hanging fruit” with high probability of success: glitazones, glibenclamide, statins, erythropoietin, and progesterone, that were largely tested and demonstrated efficient in preclinical models of TBI. Finally, our review stresses the need to establish a close cooperation between basic researchers and clinicians to ensure the best clinical translation for neuroprotective strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lerouet
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie C Besson
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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James SN, Nicholas JM, Lane CA, Parker TD, Lu K, Keshavan A, Buchanan SM, Keuss SE, Murray-Smith H, Wong A, Cash DM, Malone IB, Barnes J, Sudre CH, Coath W, Prosser L, Ourselin S, Modat M, Thomas DL, Cardoso J, Heslegrave A, Zetterberg H, Crutch SJ, Schott JM, Richards M, Fox NC. A population-based study of head injury, cognitive function and pathological markers. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:842-856. [PMID: 33694298 PMCID: PMC8045921 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess associations between head injury (HI) with loss of consciousness (LOC), ageing and markers of later‐life cerebral pathology; and to explore whether those effects may help explain subtle cognitive deficits in dementia‐free individuals. Methods Participants (n = 502, age = 69–71) from the 1946 British Birth Cohort underwent cognitive testing (subtests of Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite), 18F‐florbetapir Aβ‐PET and MR imaging. Measures include Aβ‐PET status, brain, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, normal appearing white matter (NAWM) microstructure, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐related cortical thickness, and serum neurofilament light chain (NFL). LOC HI metrics include HI occurring: (i) >15 years prior to the scan (ii) anytime up to age 71. Results Compared to those with no evidence of an LOC HI, only those reporting an LOC HI>15 years prior (16%, n = 80) performed worse on cognitive tests at age 69–71, taking into account premorbid cognition, particularly on the digit‐symbol substitution test (DSST). Smaller brain volume (BV) and adverse NAWM microstructural integrity explained 30% and 16% of the relationship between HI and DSST, respectively. We found no evidence that LOC HI was associated with Aβ load, hippocampal volume, WMH volume, AD‐related cortical thickness or NFL (all p > 0.01). Interpretation Having a LOC HI aged 50’s and younger was linked with lower later‐life cognitive function at age ~70 than expected. This may reflect a damaging but small impact of HI; explained in part by smaller BV and different microstructure pathways but not via pathology related to AD (amyloid, hippocampal volume, AD cortical thickness) or ongoing neurodegeneration (serum NFL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Naomi James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Lane
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Parker
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Lu
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah M Buchanan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Keuss
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Murray-Smith
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian B Malone
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole H Sudre
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Coath
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd Prosser
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Modat
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Thomas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Cardoso
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Reiss AB, Montufar N, DeLeon J, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Glass AD, Arain HA, Stecker MM. Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Targeting Amyloid: Lessons Learned From Success in Mice and Failure in Humans. Neurologist 2021; 26:52-61. [PMID: 33646990 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of slowing or halting the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) has resulted in the huge allocation of resources by academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to the development of new treatments. The etiology of AD is elusive, but the aggregation of amyloid-β and tau peptide and oxidative processes are considered critical pathologic mechanisms. The failure of drugs with multiple mechanisms to meet efficacy outcomes has caused several companies to decide not to pursue further AD studies and has left the field essentially where it has been for the past 15 years. Efforts are underway to develop biomarkers for detection and monitoring of AD using genetic, imaging, and biochemical technology, but this is of minimal use if no intervention can be offered. REVIEW SUMMARY In this review, we consider the natural progression of AD and how it continues despite present attempts to modify the amyloid-related machinery to alter the disease trajectory. We describe the mechanisms and approaches to AD treatment targeting amyloid, including both passive and active immunotherapy as well as inhibitors of enzymes in the amyloidogenic pathway. CONCLUSION Lessons learned from clinical trials of amyloid reduction strategies may prove crucial for the leap forward toward novel therapeutic targets to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Natalie Montufar
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Joshua DeLeon
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Irving H Gomolin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Amy D Glass
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Hirra A Arain
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Mark M Stecker
- Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, Fresno, CA
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46
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Maigler KC, Buhr TJ, Park CS, Miller SA, Kozlowski DA, Marr RA. Assessment of the Effects of Altered Amyloid-Beta Clearance on Behavior following Repeat Closed-Head Brain Injury in Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein Humanized Mice. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:665-676. [PMID: 33176547 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk for dementias including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Further, both human and animal model data indicate that amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation and its production machinery are upregulated by TBI. Considering the clear link between chronic Aβ elevation and AD as well as tau pathology, the role(s) of Aβ in TBI is of high importance. Endopeptidases, including the neprilysin (NEP)-like enzymes, are key mediators of Aβ clearance and may affect susceptibility to pathology post-TBI. Here, we use a "humanized" mouse model of Aβ production, which expresses normal human amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) under its natural transcriptional regulation and exposed them to a more clinically relevant repeated closed-head TBI paradigm. These transgenic mice also were crossed with mice deficient for the Aβ degrading enzymes NEP or NEP2 to assess models of reduced cerebral Aβ clearance in our TBI model. Our results show that the presence of the human form of Aβ did not exacerbate motor (Rotarod) and spatial learning/memory deficits (Morris water maze) post-injuries, while potentially reduced anxiety (Open Field) was observed. NEP and NEP2 deficiency also did not exacerbate these deficits post-injuries and was associated with protection from motor (NEP and NEP2) and spatial learning/memory deficits (NEP only). These data suggest that normally regulated expression of wild-type human APP/Aβ does not contribute to deficits acutely after TBI and may be protective at this stage of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Maigler
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Trevor J Buhr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher S Park
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven A Miller
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dorothy A Kozlowski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Program, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Marr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Ding K, Tarumi T, Tomoto T, Bell KR, Madden C, Dieppa M, Cullum CM, Zhang S, Zhang R. A proof-of-concept trial of a community-based aerobic exercise program for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2021; 35:233-240. [PMID: 33385308 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1865569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting an aerobic exercise training study in a community setting for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI)Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, and controlled study. Nine participants (three moderate-to-severe and six mild TBI) were randomized to a community-based 3-month individualized aerobic exercise training program (AET). Seven participants (four moderate-to-severe, three mild TBI) were randomized to a stretching and toning program (SAT). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level was assessed with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) testing.Results: After 3 months of training, the AET trended toward improved VO2peak when compared with the SAT group (8% vs - 4%, p = .059) with a large effect size of 1.27. Only 50% of participants in the AET group completed more than 70% of the assigned exercise sessions. No adverse events were reported. Both the AET and SAT groups reported small improvements in self-reported mood symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and anger.Conclusions: It is feasible to conduct an exercise training study and improve CRF for persons with TBI in community settings with structured exercise protocols. However, exploring methods to enhance adherence is crucial for future exercise clinical trials to improve brain health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tomoto
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen R Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Madden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marisara Dieppa
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Clark I, Vissel B. Broader Insights into Understanding Tumor Necrosis Factor and Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis Infer New Therapeutic Approaches. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:931-948. [PMID: 33459706 PMCID: PMC7990436 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), with its now appreciated key roles in neurophysiology as well as neuropathophysiology, are sufficiently well-documented to be useful tools for enquiry into the natural history of neurodegenerative diseases. We review the broader literature on TNF to rationalize why abruptly-acquired neurodegenerative states do not exhibit the remorseless clinical progression seen in those states with gradual onsets. We propose that the three typically non-worsening neurodegenerative syndromes, post-stroke, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post cardiac arrest, usually become and remain static because of excess cerebral TNF induced by the initial dramatic peak keeping microglia chronically activated through an autocrine loop of microglial activation through excess cerebral TNF. The existence of this autocrine loop rationalizes post-damage repair with perispinal etanercept and proposes a treatment for cerebral aspects of COVID-19 chronicity. Another insufficiently considered aspect of cerebral proinflammatory cytokines is the fitness of the endogenous cerebral anti-TNF system provided by norepinephrine (NE), generated and distributed throughout the brain from the locus coeruleus (LC). We propose that an intact LC, and therefore an intact NE-mediated endogenous anti-cerebral TNF system, plus the DAMP (damage or danger-associated molecular pattern) input having diminished, is what allows post-stroke, post-TBI, and post cardiac arrest patients a strong long-term survival advantage over Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease sufferers. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients remorselessly worsen, being handicapped by sustained, accumulating, DAMP and PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) input, as well as loss of the LC-origin, NE-mediated, endogenous anti-cerebral TNF system. Adrenergic receptor agonists may counter this.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.A. Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - B. Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Mild traumatic brain injury exacerbates Parkinson's disease induced hemeoxygenase-2 expression and brain pathology: Neuroprotective effects of co-administration of TiO 2 nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:157-231. [PMID: 33223035 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the leading predisposing factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild or moderate TBI induces rapid production of tau protein and alpha synuclein (ASNC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in several brain areas. Enhanced tau-phosphorylation and ASNC alters the molecular machinery of the brain leading to PD pathology. Recent evidences show upregulation of constitutive isoform of hemeoxygenase (HO-2) in PD patients that correlates well with the brain pathology. mTBI alone induces profound upregulation of HO-2 immunoreactivity. Thus, it would be interesting to explore whether mTBI exacerbates PD pathology in relation to tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression. In addition, whether neurotrophic factors and stem cells known to reduce brain pathology in TBI could induce neuroprotection in PD following mTBI. In this review role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin (CBL), a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments using nanowired delivery in PD following mTBI is discussed based on our own investigation. Our results show that mTBI induces concussion exacerbates PD pathology and nanowired delivery of MSCs and CBL induces superior neuroprotection. This could be due to reduction in tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression in PD following mTBI, not reported earlier. The functional significance of our findings in relation to clinical strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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50
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Mollayeva T, Sutton M, Escobar M, Hurst M, Colantonio A. The Impact of a Comorbid Spinal Cord Injury on Cognitive Outcomes of Male and Female Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. PM R 2020; 13:683-694. [PMID: 32710463 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence of the effect of comorbid spinal cord injury (SCI) on cognitive outcomes in persons undergoing rehabilitation following newly diagnosed traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited. We conducted a population-based study to investigate this effect. OBJECTIVE To compare cognitive outcomes in patients with TBI with and without a comorbid SCI. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Adult patients diagnosed with TBI were identified and followed for 1 year through provincial health administrative data; those who entered inpatient rehabilitation were studied. DESIGN A retrospective matched cohort study using the National Rehabilitation Reporting System data of all acute care and freestanding rehabilitation hospitals in Ontario, Canada. MAIN MEASURES The exposure was a comorbid SCI in patients with diagnosed TBI. Exposed patients were matched to unexposed (TBI-only) on sex, age, injury severity, and income, in a ratio of one to two. Gain differences in the cognitive subscale of the Functional Independence Measure were compared between exposed and unexposed patients using multivariable mixed linear model, controlling for comorbidity propensity score, gains in motor function, and rehabilitation care indicators. RESULTS Over the first year post injury, 12 750 (0.84%) of all TBI patients entered inpatient rehabilitation, of whom 1359 (10.66%) had a comorbid SCI. A total of 1195 exposed patients (65.4% male, mean age 50.9 ± 20.6 for male and 61.8 ± 21.8 for female patients) were matched to 2390 unexposed patients. Controlling for confounding, exposed patients had lower cognitive gain (beta -0.43; 95% CI -0.72, -0.15), for both male (beta -0.39; 95% CI -0.75, -0.03) and female (beta -0.51; 95% CI -0.97, -0.05) patients. The adverse effects of comorbid SCI were driven largely by lower gains in problem solving and comprehension. CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with TBI and comorbid SCI showed a lower cognitive domain response to inpatient rehabilitation than patients with TBI alone. Identifying patients at risk for worse cognitive outcomes may facilitate the development of targeted strategies that improve cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchel Sutton
- KITE- Toronto Rehab-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Escobar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Hurst
- KITE- Toronto Rehab-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- KITE- Toronto Rehab-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Canada
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