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Pires T, Rohini A. 3D tomosynthesis evaluation of breast parenchymal density and its association with malignant lesions and menopausal status. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2024; 55:197-202. [PMID: 38402135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer that has a high mortality rate is now known to decrease due to early detection with the advent of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT or 3D tomosynthesis) screening, especially in those with dense breasts. The risk of breast cancer related to 'changes' in breast density over time remains controversial as breast density and age have an inverse relationship. Breast density as an independent risk factor for breast cancer is known, but its association with menopausal status, if any, has not been studied thoroughly. METHOD All patients referred for 3D mammography with breast lesions from June 2022 to January 2023 were considered. Patients were categorized as pre-, peri, and post-menopausal, and each category was further sub-classified based on the breast density as either dense or non-dense and the lesion type, whether benign or malignant. The Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test to evaluate whether any association exists between malignancy and menopausal status. RESULT A total of 60 patients, with 20 in each category of menopausal stage, were imaged and evaluated. 35% of women had non-dense breasts, while 65% had dense breast parenchyma. Breast density and lesion type were associated significantly (p-value = 0.05) where, out of the 23 benign lesions, 48% occurred in dense women, and 52% in non-dense women respectively. In our study, both benign (N = 7) and malignant (N = 13) lesions occurred in equal numbers in the pre-and peri‑ menopausal women, whereas the number of benign and malignant lesions in the post-menopausal women were 9 (45%) and 11 (55%), respectively. Even though no statistically significant association was found between menopausal status and malignancy in our study, out of the 37 malignant lesions, a majority (76%) of lesions occurred in those having dense breasts (N = 28). CONCLUSION Earlier, the notion was that older women had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to younger, but this study has shown that malignancy and menopausal status have a p-value of 0.754, which is not statistically significant. However, both malignant and benign lesions were found more in women having high breast density, in keeping with previous literature. Hence, precaution and care should be taken during pre-, peri, and post-menopausal phases, especially in those patients with high breast density. Apart from breast density, many other risk factors for breast cancer exist, therefore breast density alone is not sufficient to govern the need for screening in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tancia Pires
- K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avantsa Rohini
- MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana State, India.
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Chen MY, Zheng WY, Liu YF, Li XH, Lam MI, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Tang L, Ng CH, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. Global prevalence of poor sleep quality in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 87:92-102. [PMID: 38382421 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor sleep quality is common in patients with cancer, but the prevalence rates varied widely across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among patients with cancer. METHODS Systematic literature searches were independently conducted in the major databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO). Studies that reported the prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with cancer were analyzed using a random effects model. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. Statistical analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS A total of 59 epidemiological studies involving 16,223 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with cancer was 57.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 53.3% - 61.6%]. Additionally, three comparative studies with 372 patients and 412 healthy controls were included. Compared to healthy controls, patients with cancer had a significantly higher risk for poor sleep quality [odd ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95%CI: 1.2-7.2; P < 0.05]. Subgroup analyses of the studies revealed that studies from Middle East & North Africa region and low income countries, and on gynecological cancer as well as those with a lower cut-off value of sleep quality (all P < 0.01) reported a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality. Meta-regression analyses showed that higher prevalence of poor sleep quality was associated with higher prevalence of comorbid depression (P < 0.05) and anxiety (P < 0.01), but was associated with a lower education level (P < 0.05) and alcohol use ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality is common among patients with cancer. Considering the overall high prevalence rate and negative impact of poor sleep quality, appropriate measures to identify and improve poor sleep quality are needed to enhance the clinical outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wan-Ying Zheng
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ieng Lam
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Psychiatry Section, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lili Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Psycho-Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human rain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Seelam B, Sandhu R, Alam M, Kethireddy A, Zapata I. Rates of Compliance in South Indian American Communities of Southern California Regarding Cancer Screening. Clin Pract 2024; 14:337-343. [PMID: 38391412 PMCID: PMC10888186 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown lower rates of cancer screening and high mortality rates among all Asian Americans than among non-Hispanic White populations. However, most of these studies often confound diverse Asian American subgroups with limited data on cancer screening for Indian Americans, with this group being particularly interesting because of their counterintuitive socioeconomic status. For this reason, the objective of this study is to evaluate knowledge of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) cancer screening guidelines and compliance among South Indian Americans residing in Southern California. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study gathering community responses through an electronic survey. The survey reports knowledge of USPSTF screening guidelines and participant compliance rates. Rates were further compared to non-Hispanic White populations from official sources. RESULTS South Indian Americans residing in California had lower rates of compliance for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer screening when compared to that of non-Hispanic White populations in the same region, with the exception of cervical cancer screening rates. CONCLUSION Understanding the cultural characteristics of special populations, such as Indian Americans, can help communities adhere to more effective screening practices that can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Seelam
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Ria Sandhu
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Mariam Alam
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | | | - Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
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Costa L, Kumar R, Villarreal-Garza C, Sinha S, Saini S, Semwal J, Saxsena V, Zamre V, Chintamani C, Ray M, Shimizu C, Gusic LH, Toi M, Lipton A. Diagnostic delays in breast cancer among young women: An emphasis on healthcare providers. Breast 2024; 73:103623. [PMID: 38219460 PMCID: PMC10826418 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer care, breast cancer in young women (BCYW) faces unique challenges, diagnostic delays, and limited awareness in many countries. Here, we discuss the challenges and consequences associated with the delayed diagnosis of BCYW. The consequences of delayed diagnosis in young women - which generally varies among developed, developing, or underdeveloped countries - are severe due to a faster breast tumor growth rate than tumors in older women, also contributing to advanced cancer stages and poorer outcomes. Though there are many underlying reasons for diagnostic delays due to age, the article delves explicitly deep into the diagnostic delay of BCYW, focusing on healthcare providers, potential contributing factors, its consequences, and the urgent need to start minimizing such incidences. The article suggests several strategies to address these issues, including increasing awareness, developing educational programs for healthcare providers to identify signs and symptoms in young women, developing clear diagnostic guidelines, and improving screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Breast Cancer in Young Women Foundation, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Breast Cancer in Young Women Foundation, Denver, CO, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Mexico; Médicos e Investigadores en la Lucha contra el Cáncer de Mama, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sunil Saini
- Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Jayanti Semwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vartika Saxsena
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vaishali Zamre
- Breast Cancer Surgery Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | | | - Mukurdipi Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Insititute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chikako Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lejla Hadzikadic Gusic
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Allan Lipton
- Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Guo L, Xie Y, He J, Li X, Zhou W, Chen Q. Breast cancer prediction model based on clinical and biochemical characteristics: clinical data from patients with benign and malignant breast tumors from a single center in South China. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13257-13269. [PMID: 37480526 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and is second leading cause of death from malignancy among women worldwide. In addition to tumor factors, the host characteristics of tumors have been paid more and more attention by the medical community. This study aimed to develop a breast cancer prediction model for the Chinese population using clinical and biochemical characteristics. METHODS This is a retrospective study. From 2012 to 2021, we selected 19,751 patients with breast diseases from the Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which included 5660 patients with breast cancer and 14,091 patients with benign breast diseases-75% of patients were randomly assigned to the training group and 25% to the test group using a total of 34 clinical and biochemical characteristics. Significant clinical signs were investigated, and logistic regression with recursive feature elimination (RFE) model was used to develop a prediction model for distinguishing benign from malignant breast diseases. The prediction model's accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS Clinical statistics demonstrated that the prediction model comprised 19 clinical characteristics had statistical separability in both the training group and the test group, as well as good sensitivity and prediction. CONCLUSIONS This model based on biochemical parameters demonstrates a significant predictive effect for breast cancer and may be useful as a reference for invasive tissue biopsy in patients undergoing BI-RADS 3 and 4A breast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Breast, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 of Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Wide Ring East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junhao He
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Wide Ring East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Wide Ring East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Wide Ring East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qianjun Chen
- Department of Breast, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 of Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Chen N, Cheng D, Sodipo MO, Barnard ME, DuPre NC, Tamimi RM, Warner ET. Impact of age, race, and family history on COVID-19-related changes in breast cancer screening among the Boston mammography cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:335-343. [PMID: 37624552 PMCID: PMC11265187 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied women enrolled in the Boston Mammography Cohort Study to investigate whether subgroups defined by age, race, or family history of breast cancer experienced differences in the incidence of screening or diagnostic imaging rates during the COVID-19 lockdown and had slower rebound in the incidence of these rates during reopening. METHODS We compared the incidence of monthly breast cancer screening and diagnostic imaging rates over during the pre-COVID-19 (January 2019-February 2020), lockdown (March-May 2020), and reopening periods (June-December 2020), and tested for differences in the monthly incidence within the same period by age (< 50 vs ≥ 50), race (White vs non-White), and first-degree family history of breast cancer (yes vs no). RESULTS Overall, we observed a decline in breast cancer screening and diagnostic imaging rates over the three time periods (pre-COVID-19, lockdown, and reopening). The monthly incidence of breast cancer screening rates for women age ≥ 50 was 5% higher (p = 0.005) in the pre-COVID-19 period (January 2019-February 2020) but was 19% lower in the reopening phase (June-December 2020) than that of women aged < 50 (p < 0.001). White participants had 36% higher monthly incidence of breast cancer diagnostic imaging rates than non-White participants (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION The rebound in screening was lower in women age ≥ 50 and lower in non-White women for diagnostic imaging. Careful attention must be paid as the COVID-19 recovery continues to ensure equitable resumption of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle O Sodipo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mollie E Barnard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie C DuPre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Almalki E, Al-Amri A, Alrashed R, Al-Zharani M, Semlali A. The Curcumin Analog PAC Is a Potential Solution for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Modulating the Gene Expression of DNA Repair Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119649. [PMID: 37298600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the most common and challenging cancers among females worldwide. Conventional treatments for oral cancer rely on the use of radiology and surgery accompanied by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy presents many side effects, and the cells often develop resistance to this chemotherapy. It will be urgent to adopt alternative or complementary treatment strategies that are new and more effective without these negative effects to improve the well-being of patients. A substantial number of epidemiological and experimental studies reported that many compounds are derived from natural products such as curcumin and their analogs, which have a great deal of beneficial anti-BC activity by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, modulating cancer-related pathways, and sensitizing cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the curcumin-analog PAC on DNA repair pathways in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast-cancer cell lines. These pathways are crucial for genome maintenance and cancer prevention. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to PAC at 10 µM. MTT and LDH assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of PAC on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was assessed in breast cancer cell lines using flow cytometry with annexin/Pi assay. The expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes was determined by RT-PCR to see if PAC is active in programming cell death. Additionally, DNA repair signaling pathways were analyzed by PCR arrays focusing on genes being related and confirmed by quantitative PCR. PAC significantly inhibited breast-cancer cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner, more on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The flow cytometry results showed an increase in apoptotic activity. These data have been established by the gene expression and indicate that PAC-induced apoptosis by an increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, PAC affected multiple genes involved in the DNA repair pathways occurring in both cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231). In addition, our results suggest that PAC upregulated more than twice 16 genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, PNKP, POLL, MPG, NEIL2, NTHL1, SMUG1, RAD51D, RAD54L, RFC1, TOP3A, XRCC3, XRCC6BP1, FEN1, and TREX1) in MDA-MB-231, 6 genes (ERCC1, LIG1, PNKP, UNG, MPG, and RAD54L) in MCF-7, and 4 genes (ERCC1, PNKP, MPG, and RAD54L) in the two cell lines. In silico analysis of gene-gene interaction shows that there are common genes between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-321 having direct and indirect effects, among them via coexpression, genetic interactions, pathways, predicted and physical interactions, and shared protein domains with predicted associated genes indicating they are more likely to be functionally related. Our data show that PAC increases involvement of multiple genes in a DNA repair pathway, this certainly can open a new perspective in breast-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Almalki
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Amri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alrashed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al-Zharani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Terman E, Sheade J, Zhao F, Howard FM, Jaskowiak N, Tseng J, Chen N, Hahn O, Fleming G, Huo D, Nanda R. The impact of race and age on response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term outcomes in Black and White women with early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 200:75-83. [PMID: 37120458 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are a paucity of data and a pressing need to evaluate response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and determine long-term outcomes in young Black women with early-stage breast cancer (EBC). METHODS We analyzed data from 2196 Black and White women with EBC treated at the University of Chicago over the last 2 decades. Patients were divided into groups based on race and age at diagnosis: Black women [Formula: see text] 40 years, White women [Formula: see text] 40 years, Black women [Formula: see text] 55 years, and White women [Formula: see text] 55 years. Pathological complete response rate (pCR) was analyzed using logistic regression. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard and piecewise Cox models. RESULTS Young Black women had the highest risk of recurrence, which was 22% higher than young White women (p = 0.434) and 76% higher than older Black women (p = 0.008). These age/racial differences in recurrence rates were not statistically significant after adjusting for subtype, stage, and grade. In terms of OS, older Black women had the worst outcome. In the 397 women receiving NACT, 47.5% of young White women achieved pCR, compared to 26.8% of young Black women (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Black women with EBC had significantly worse outcomes compared to White women in our cohort study. There is an urgent need to understand the disparities in outcomes between Black and White breast cancer patients, particularly in young women where the disparity in outcome is the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Terman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jori Sheade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Frederick M Howard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nora Jaskowiak
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jennifer Tseng
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Orange County, Irvine, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Olwen Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gini Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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9
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Beaulieu-Jones BR, Shewmaker G, Fefferman A, Kenzik K, Zhang T, Drake FT, Sachs TE, Hirsch AE, Merrill A, Ko NY, Cassidy MR. Mitigating disparities in breast cancer treatment at an academic safety-net hospital. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:597-606. [PMID: 36826701 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among women with non-metastatic breast cancer, marked disparities in stage at presentation, receipt of guideline-concordant treatment and stage-specific survival have been shown in national cohorts based on race, ethnicity, insurance and language. Little is published on the performance of safety-net hospitals to achieve equitable care. We evaluate differences in treatment and survival by race, ethnicity, language and insurance status among women with non-metastatic invasive breast cancer at a single, urban academic safety-net hospital. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients with invasive ductal or lobular breast cancer, diagnosed and treated between 2009 and 2014 at an urban, academic safety-net hospital. Demographic, tumor and treatment characteristics were obtained. Stage at presentation, stage-specific overall survival, and receipt of guideline-concordant surgical and adjuvant therapies were analyzed. Chi-square analysis and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Unadjusted survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method using log-rank test; adjusted 5 year survival analysis was completed stratified by early and late stage, using flexible parametric survival models incorporating age, race, primary language and insurance status. RESULTS 520 women with stage 1-3 invasive breast cancer were identified. Median age was 58.5 years, 56.1% were non-white, 31.7% were non-English-speaking, 16.4% were Hispanic, and 50.1% were Medicaid/uninsured patients. There were no statistically significant differences in stage at presentation between age group, race, ethnicity, language or insurance. The rate of breast conserving surgery (BCS) among stage 1-2 patients did not vary by race, insurance or language. Among patients indicated for adjuvant therapies, the rates of recommendation and completion of therapy did not vary by race, ethnicity, insurance or language. Unadjusted survival at 5 years was 93.7% for stage 1-2 and 73.5% for stage 3. Adjusting for age, race, insurance status and primary language, overall survival at 5 years was 93.8% (95% CI 86.3-97.2%) for stage 1-2 and 83.4% (95% CI 35.5-96.9%) for stage 3 disease. Independently, for patients with early- and late-stage disease, age, race, language and insurance were not associated with survival at 5-years. CONCLUSION Among patients diagnosed and treated at an academic safety-net hospital, there were no differences in the stage at presentation or receipt of guideline-concordant treatment by race, ethnicity, insurance or language. Overall survival did not vary by race, insurance or language. Additional research is needed to assess how hospitals and healthcare systems mitigate breast cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendin R Beaulieu-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ann Fefferman
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Kenzik
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Thurston Drake
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH 5006, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Teviah E Sachs
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH 5006, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ariel E Hirsch
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Merrill
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH 5006, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Naomi Y Ko
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology & Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Cassidy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH 5006, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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10
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Zhu JW, Charkhchi P, Adekunte S, Akbari MR. What Is Known about Breast Cancer in Young Women? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061917. [PMID: 36980802 PMCID: PMC10047861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women under the age of 40 years worldwide. In addition, the incidence of breast cancer in young women (BCYW) has been rising. Young women are not the focus of screening programs and BC in younger women tends to be diagnosed in more advanced stages. Such patients have worse clinical outcomes and treatment complications compared to older patients. BCYW has been associated with distinct tumour biology that confers a worse prognosis, including poor tumour differentiation, increased Ki-67 expression, and more hormone-receptor negative tumours compared to women >50 years of age. Pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes such as BRCA1/2 are more common in early-onset BC compared to late-onset BC. Despite all these differences, BCYW remains poorly understood with a gap in research regarding the risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Age-specific clinical characteristics or outcomes data for young women are lacking, and most of the standard treatments used in this subpopulation currently are derived from older patients. More age-specific clinical data and treatment options are required. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinicopathologic characteristics, outcomes, treatments, and special considerations of breast cancer in young women. We also underline future directions and highlight areas that require more attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei Zhu
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Parsa Charkhchi
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Shadia Adekunte
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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11
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Jonczyk MM, Homsy C, Naber S, Chatterjee A. Examining a decade of racial disparity in partial mastectomy and oncoplastic surgery. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:541-549. [PMID: 36507913 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding racial disparity is crucial to addressing health equity and access to care. Our study aims to examine racial differences in breast conserving surgery (BCS) utilization rates and determine how these rates have changed over time. METHODS This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the NSQIP database to identify women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent BCS procedures between 2008 and 2019. Racial utilization trends were analyzed using a Cochran-Armitage test and Index of Disparity analysis. RESULTS In the 12-year period, 202 492 women underwent a breast cancer surgery, of which 47% underwent BCS. Within the BCS subgroup, oncoplastic surgery utilization increased from 3% to 10%, leading to a declining proportion of partial mastectomies: 97% to 90.0% (both p < 0.01). The racial index of disparity for overall BCS patients decreased from 7% to 6%, remained unchanged (1%) for partial mastectomies, and significantly decreased in oncoplastics (23%-7.6%). CONCLUSION BCS represents a mainstay option for early-staged breast cancer interventions, this study demonstrate promising progress in decreasing the index of disparity among races and persistent racial inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Jonczyk
- Department of General Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Homsy
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Naber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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McGuinness S, Hughes L, Moss‐Morris R, Hunter M, Norton S, Moon Z. Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among White British and ethnic minority breast cancer survivors in the United Kingdom. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13722. [PMID: 36255032 PMCID: PMC9787781 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Around half of women do not take adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) as prescribed. Research suggests that adherence rates vary across ethnic groups. This study compared AET adherences rates in White British women and women from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. METHODS This is an observational study with 2001 breast cancer survivors recruited from outpatient clinics. Eligible women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and prescribed AET within the last 3 years. Adherence was measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire pack that collected sociodemographic data such as age, relationship status and ethnicity. Independent samples t tests and χ2 tests were used to compare White British women and women from minority ethnic groups on self-reported adherence to AET. RESULTS Of White British women, 27.8% were classed as non-adherent, compared to 44.4% of women from minority ethnic groups. A logistic regression controlling for relevant demographics indicated that women from minority ethnic groups had a significantly higher risk of non-adherence than women who were White British (odds ratio = 1.50, p = 0.03) CONCLUSION: Rates of non-adherence to AET are higher in women from minority ethnic groups, which may contribute towards racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to explore this further and to investigate the psychosocial factors driving differences in adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena McGuinness
- Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative CareKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lyndsay Hughes
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Rona Moss‐Morris
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Myra Hunter
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Sam Norton
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK,Centre for Rheumatic DiseasesKing's College London, Weston Education CentreLondonUK
| | - Zoe Moon
- Centre for Behavioural Medicine, School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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13
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Sultan N, Memon SA, Mooghal M, Wali S, Khan W, Tahseen H, Khan M, Monis D. Ethnic predisposition, risk factors and breast cancer presentation; a 10-year data. Single centered prospective cohort study from Karachi. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104612. [PMID: 36268285 PMCID: PMC9577532 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer, a leading cause of mortality among females, has been the center of research for many decades. Work is in progress to advance the research worldwide and in our region. This study is conducted to look into regional ethical predilection/age, clinical presentation/stage, pathological subtypes and risk factors of BC among patients of Karachi, with the aim of proposing a ground in our policy making regarding protocol setting for screening and management of BC patients. Methods A prospective cohort study started at public Hospital, Karachi from 2010 to 2020.500 females with histo-pathologically proven BC selected. History, clinical examination, radiological and histo-pathological data retrieved; data regarding age, ethnicity, family history, parity, marriage/menopause, stage/lump size/symptoms were filled on pro-forma. Primary outcomes were age, ethnicity, family history, stage/histological type and menopausal status of our cohort while secondary outcomes were parity, marriage, symptoms and lump size/site. Data analyzed using SPSS in ranges and percentages. Results Among different ethnicities, Makrani were the most affected(34%). Majority were premenopausal females ≤50yrs (78%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (88.8%) was the commonest subtype. Family history was positive in few (5.8%). Parity and marital status had no effect on our population. Breast lump (88%) was the commonest presenting symptom and 51% of our patients had the right side involved. Upper outer quadrant (51%) was the most involved quadrant and the majority (46%) were stage II. Conclusions Age of presentation is around a decade earlier in our region, with women of Makrani descent more prone to develop BC. 2/3rd of patients were premenopausal, with lump breast as primary complaint. Majority of patients presented in stage-II. Results of age and racial predilection in our population suggest us to concentrate future research more on genetic profiling so we incorporate the results to devise population specific protocols with reference to age, presentation, BC type, ethnicity & risk factors. Record submitted retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.govt on 09-07-2022 NCT05458570. Regional ethical predilection, diagnosis age, clinical presentation, pathological subtypes and risk factors of BC among patients of Karachi, Pakistan. Need of institutional/national level guidelines for breast cancer, specific to our population parameters. Age of presentation is around a decade earlier in our population as compare to the West. Screening age criteria specific to our population should be proposed and implemented. Women of Makrani decent are the most affected ethnic group from Karachi, followed by Memons.
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14
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Jabbal IS, Dwivedi A, Bilani N, Dominguez B, Botrus G, Nahleh Z. Disparities in Metabolic Conditions and Cancer Characteristics among Hispanic Women with Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143411. [PMID: 35884473 PMCID: PMC9317401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While the associations of common metabolic conditions with ethnicity have been previously described, disparity among Hispanic individuals based on country of origin is understudied. This multi-institutional analysis explored the prevalence of metabolic conditions and their association with cancer subtypes among Mexican and non-Mexican Hispanics. After IRB approval, we conducted a cross-sectional study at two academic medical centers with a significant Hispanic patient population (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX (TTUHSC-EP) and Cleveland Clinic Florida in Weston, FL (CCF)). A total of n = 1020 self-identified Hispanic patients with breast cancer consecutively diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 were selected from the two institutional databases. Comparisons between Mexican and Non-Mexican Hispanics revealed variations in tumor types and metabolic conditions. Mexican Hispanics were found to have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (27.8% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), obesity (51.0% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001), and ductal carcinoma type (86.6 vs. 73.4%, p < 0.001). On the other hand, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer was more common in non-Mexicans, while Mexicans had more triple-negative breast cancer, especially in premenopausal women. In addition to highlighting these variations among Hispanic patients with breast cancer, this study supports a more focused approach to addressing obesity and other metabolic conditions prevalent in the Hispanic population with breast cancer. Moreover, Hispanic individuals with breast cancer are diverse and should not be lumped under one category without reference to their country of origin regarding the impact of race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iktej S. Jabbal
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL 33331, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.S.J.); (Z.N.); Tel.: +1-(954)-659-5000 (I.S.J. & Z.N.)
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Barbara Dominguez
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL 33331, USA;
| | - Gehan Botrus
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA;
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL 33331, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.S.J.); (Z.N.); Tel.: +1-(954)-659-5000 (I.S.J. & Z.N.)
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15
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Computerized Analysis of Mammogram Images for Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050801. [PMID: 35627938 PMCID: PMC9142115 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is widespread worldwide and can be cured if diagnosed early. Using digital mammogram images and image processing with artificial intelligence can play an essential role in breast cancer diagnosis. As many computerized algorithms for breast cancer diagnosis have significant limitations, such as noise handling and varying or low contrast in the images, it can be difficult to segment the abnormal region. These challenges could be overcome by proposing a new pre-processing model, exploring its impact on the post-processing module, and testing it on an extensive database. In this research work, the three-step method is proposed and validated on large databases of mammography images. The first step corresponded to the database classification, followed by the second step, which removed the pectoral muscle from the mammogram image. The third stage utilized new image-enhancement techniques and a new segmentation module to detect abnormal regions in a well-enhanced image to diagnose breast cancer. The pre-and post-processing modules are based on novel image processing techniques. The proposed method was tested using data collected from different hospitals in the Qassim Health Cluster, Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. This database contained the five categories in the Breast Imaging and Reporting and Data System and consisted of 2892 images; the proposed method is analyzed using the publicly available Mammographic Image Analysis Society database, which contained 322 images. The proposed method gives good contrast enhancement with peak-signal to noise ratio improvement of 3 dB. The proposed method provides an accuracy of approximately 92% on 2892 images of Qassim Health Cluster, Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. The proposed method gives approximately 97% on the Mammographic Image Analysis Society database. The novelty of the proposed work is that it could work on all Breast Imaging and Reporting and Data System categories. The performance of the proposed method demonstrated its ability to improve the diagnostic performance of the computerized breast cancer detection method.
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16
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Wu J, Liu H, Hu T, Wang S. Gene expression trend changes in breast cancer populations over two decades: insights from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hereditas 2022; 159:18. [PMID: 35317849 PMCID: PMC8939184 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer has remained the most common malignancy in women over the past two decades. As lifestyle and living environments have changed, alterations to the disease spectrum have inevitably occurred in this time. As molecular profiling has become a routine diagnostic and objective indicator of breast cancer etiology, we analyzed changes in gene expression in breast cancer populations over two decades using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. METHODS We performed Heatmap and Venn diagram analyses to identify constantly up- and down-regulated genes in breast cancer patients of this cohort. We used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to visualize associated functional pathways. RESULTS We determined that three oncogenes, PD-L2, ETV5, and MTOR and 113 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were constantly up-regulated, whereas two oncogenes, BCR and GTF2I, one tumor suppression gene MEN1, and 30 lincRNAs were constantly down-regulated. Up-regulated genes were enriched in "focal adhesion" and "PI3K-Akt signaling" pathways, etc., and down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in "metabolic pathways" and "viral myocarditis". Eight up-regulated genes exhibited doubled or higher expression and the expression of three down-regulated genes was halved or lowered and correlated with long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that gene expression and molecular pathway enrichments are constantly changing with time, importantly, some altered genes were associated with prognostics and are potential therapeutic targets, suggesting that the current molecular subtyping system must be updated to keep pace with this dynamic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taobo Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zeeshan S, Siddiqiui T, Shaukat F, Tariq MU, Khan N, Vohra L. Male Breast Cancer: The Three Decades' Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Lower-Middle Income Country. Cureus 2022; 14:e22670. [PMID: 35386144 PMCID: PMC8967081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Male breast cancer is uncommon and managed on the guidelines of female breast cancer due to tumor rarity. We sought to identify the incidence, clinicopathological features, and survival of all male breast cancer patients managed in our hospital. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan, from January 1986 to December 2018. Demographic data, treatment records, and follow-up data of all male breast cancer patients who were treated at AKUH was reviewed. Results Thirty-eight out of 42 patients who presented over a period of 32 years were included. The mean age was 63 years. The most common tumor type and subtype were invasive ductal carcinoma (89.5%) and luminal A (73.7%), respectively. The majority (36.8%) of the patients presented at stage III. Among 30 (78.9%) patients who underwent surgery, mastectomy was performed in 30 (78.9%), upfront axillary clearance in 24 (63.2%), axillary sampling in five (15.1%) cases, and sentinel lymph node biopsy in one (2.6%) case. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 10 (26.3%) patients, and adjuvant chemotherapy to eight (21.1%) patients. Adjuvant hormonal treatment was administered to 22 (57.9%) patients, and 13 (34%) patients received adjuvant radiation to the chest wall. The five-year overall survival was 38.2% and the median survival was 36 months. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was found to be 33.7%. Conclusion Breast cancer in males presents at an advanced stage with poor survival. Multicenter studies are required to accurately identify incidence, prognostic factors, and outcomes in order to have a better understanding of its management.
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18
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Almalki YE, Soomro TA, Irfan M, Alduraibi SK, Ali A. Impact of Image Enhancement Module for Analysis of Mammogram Images for Diagnostics of Breast Cancer. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051868. [PMID: 35271015 PMCID: PMC8915058 DOI: 10.3390/s22051868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is widespread around the world and can be cured if diagnosed at an early stage. Digital mammograms are used as the most effective imaging modalities for the diagnosis of breast cancer. However, mammography images suffer from low contrast, background noise as well as contrast as non-coherency among the regions, and these factors makes breast cancer diagnosis challenging. These problems can be overcome by using a new image enhancement technique. The objective of this research work is to enhance mammography images to improve the overall process of segmentation and classification of breast cancer diagnosis. We proposed the image enhancement for mammogram images, as well as the ablation of the pectoral muscle. The image enhancement technique involves several steps. In the first step, we process the mammography images in three channels (red, green and blue), the second step is based on the uniformity of the background on morphological operations, and the third step is to obtain a well-contrasted image using principal component analysis (PCA). The fourth step is based on the removal of the pectoral muscle using a seed-based region growth technique, and the last step contains the coherence of the different regions of the image using a second order Gaussian Laplacian (LoG) and an oriented diffusion filter to obtain a much-improved contrast image. The proposed image enhancement technique is tested with our data collected from different hospitals in Qassim health cluster Qassim province Saudi Arabia, and it contains the five Breast Imaging and Reporting System (BI-RADS) categories and this database contained 11,194 images (the images contain carnio-caudal (CC) view and mediolateral oblique(MLO) view of mammography images), and we used approximately 700 images to validate our database. We have achieved improved performance in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, and effective measurement of enhancement (EME) as well as our proposed image enhancement technique outperforms existing image enhancement methods. This performance of our proposed method demonstrates the ability to improve the diagnostic performance of the computerized breast cancer detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Edrees Almalki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Radiology, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Toufique Ahmed Soomro
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Larkana Campus, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67450, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ahmed Ali
- Eletrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan;
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19
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Hirko KA, Rocque G, Reasor E, Taye A, Daly A, Cutress RI, Copson ER, Lee DW, Lee KH, Im SA, Park YH. The impact of race and ethnicity in breast cancer-disparities and implications for precision oncology. BMC Med 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35151316 PMCID: PMC8841090 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer death. The incidence, pathological features, and clinical outcomes in breast cancer differ by geographical distribution and across racial and ethnic populations. Importantly, racial and ethnic diversity in breast cancer clinical trials is lacking, with both Blacks and Hispanics underrepresented. In this forum article, breast cancer researchers from across the globe discuss the factors contributing to racial and ethnic breast cancer disparities and highlight specific implications of precision oncology approaches for equitable provision of breast cancer care to improve outcomes and address disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Rocque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erica Reasor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ammanuel Taye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex Daly
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen R Copson
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
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20
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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults-a rapid review. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1374-1386. [PMID: 35132237 PMCID: PMC9090760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.
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21
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Kassabian M, Olowolaju S, Akinlotan MA, Lichorad A, Pope R, Williamson B, Horel S, Bolin JN. The association between rurality, sociodemographic characteristics, and mammogram screening outcomes among a sample of low-income uninsured women. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101645. [PMID: 34976694 PMCID: PMC8684012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rurality has been shown to negatively impact breast cancer screening rates. We observed mammography outcomes within a sample of low-income uninsured women. We found that outcomes were independent of sociodemographic factors, like rurality. More research should explore whether this relationship is mediated by other factors.
Studies have found a positive association between adherence to mammography screening guidelines and early detection of breast cancer lesions, yet the proportion of women who get screened for breast cancer remains below national targets. Previous studies have found that mammography screening rates vary by sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, income, education, and rurality. It is less known whether sociodemographic factors are also related to mammography screening outcomes in underserved populations. Thus, with a particular interest in rurality, we examined the association between the sociodemographic characteristics and mammography screening outcomes within our sample of 1,419 low-income, uninsured Texas women who received grant-funded mammograms between 2013 and 2019 (n = 1,419). Screening outcomes were recorded as either negative (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification 1–3) or positive (BI-RADS classification 4–6). When we conducted independency tests between sociodemographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, rurality, county-level risk, family history, and screening compliance) and screening outcomes, we found that none of the factors were significantly associated with mammogram screening outcomes. Similarly, when we regressed screening outcomes on age, race/ethnicity, and rurality via logistic regression, we found that none were significant predictors of a positive screening outcome. Though we did not find evidence of a relationship between rurality and mammography screening outcomes, research suggests that among women who do screen positive for breast cancer, rural women are more likely to present with later stage breast cancer than urban women. Thus, it remains important to continue to increase breast cancer education and access to routine cancer screening for rural women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Kassabian
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M School of Public Health, TAMU 1266, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Samson Olowolaju
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M School of Public Health, TAMU 1266, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Anna Lichorad
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, College of Medicine, 2900 E. 29th Street, Bryan, TX 77802, USA
| | - Robert Pope
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, College of Medicine, 2900 E. 29th Street, Bryan, TX 77802, USA
| | - Brandon Williamson
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, College of Medicine, 2900 E. 29th Street, Bryan, TX 77802, USA
| | - Scott Horel
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M School of Public Health, TAMU 1266, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jane N Bolin
- Texas A&M College of Nursing, TAMU 1359, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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22
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Dong W, Bensken WP, Kim U, Rose J, Berger NA, Koroukian SM. Phenotype Discovery and Geographic Disparities of Late-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis across U.S. Counties: A Machine Learning Approach. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:66-76. [PMID: 34697059 PMCID: PMC8755627 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in the stage at diagnosis for breast cancer have been independently associated with various contextual characteristics. Understanding which combinations of these characteristics indicate highest risk, and where they are located, is critical to targeting interventions and improving outcomes for patients with breast cancer. METHODS The study included women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2009 and 2018 from 680 U.S. counties participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. We used a machine learning approach called Classification and Regression Tree (CART) to identify county "phenotypes," combinations of characteristics that predict the percentage of patients with breast cancer presenting with late-stage disease. We then mapped the phenotypes and compared their geographic distributions. These findings were further validated using an alternate machine learning approach called random forest. RESULTS We discovered seven phenotypes of late-stage breast cancer. Common to most phenotypes associated with high risk of late-stage diagnosis were high uninsured rate, low mammography use, high area deprivation, rurality, and high poverty. Geographically, these phenotypes were most prevalent in southern and western states, while phenotypes associated with lower percentages of late-stage diagnosis were most prevalent in the northeastern states and select metropolitan areas. CONCLUSIONS The use of machine learning methods of CART and random forest together with geographic methods offers a promising avenue for future disparities research. IMPACT Local interventions to reduce late-stage breast cancer diagnosis, such as community education and outreach programs, can use machine learning and geographic modeling approaches to tailor strategies for early detection and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Dong
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Wyatt P Bensken
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Uriel Kim
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Johnie Rose
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Science, Health, and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Siran M Koroukian
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Amornsiripanitch N, Chikarmane SA, Bay CP, Giess CS. Patients characteristics related to screening mammography cancellation and rescheduling rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Imaging 2021; 80:205-210. [PMID: 34340204 PMCID: PMC8320406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify patient characteristics associated with screening mammography cancellations and rescheduling during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Scheduled screening mammograms during three time periods were retrospectively reviewed: state-mandated shutdown (3/17/2020-6/16/2020) during which screening mammography was cancelled, a period of 2 months immediately after screening mammography resumed (6/17/2020-8/16/2020), and a representative period prior to COVID-19 (6/17/2019-8/16/2019). Relative risk of cancellation before COVID-19 and after reopening was compared for age, race/ethnicity, insurance, history of chronic disease, and exam location, controlling for other collected variables. Risk of failure to reschedule was similarly compared between all 3 time periods. RESULTS Overall cancellation rate after reopening was higher than before shutdown (7663/16595, 46% vs 5807/15792, 37%; p < 0.001). Relative risk of cancellation after reopening increased with age (1.20 vs 1.27 vs 1.36 for ages at 25th, 50th, and 75th quartile or 53, 61, and 70 years, respectively, p < 0.001). Relative risk of cancellation was also higher among Medicare patients (1.41) compared to Medicaid and those with other providers (1.26 and 1.21, respectively, p < 0.001) and non-whites compared to whites (1.34 vs 1.25, p = 0.03). Rescheduling rate during shutdown was higher than before COVID-19 and after reopening for all patients (10,658/13593, 78%, 3569/5807, 61%, and 4243/7663, respectively, 55%, p < 0.001). Relative risk of failure to reschedule missed mammogram was higher in hospitals compared to outpatient settings both during shutdown and after reopening (0.62 vs 0.54, p = 0.005 and 1.29 vs 1.03, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Minority race/ethnicity, Medicare insurance, and advanced age were associated with increased risk of screening mammogram cancellation during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Amornsiripanitch
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Sona A Chikarmane
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Camden P Bay
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Catherine S Giess
- Center for Evidence-Based Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120, United States of America.
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24
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Fan Q, Yao XA, Han X. Spatial variation and disparity in female breast cancer relative survival in the United States. Cancer 2021; 127:4006-4014. [PMID: 34265081 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States. However, data on spatial disparities in survival for breast cancer are limited in the country. This study estimated 5-year relative survival (RS) of female breast cancer and examined the spatial variations across the contiguous United States. METHODS Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 2003-2010 in the United States were identified from the National Cancer Database and followed up through 2016. The crude 5-year RS at the county level was estimated and adjusted for patients' key sociodemographic and clinical factors. To account for spatial effects, the RS estimates were smoothed using the Bayesian spatial survival model. A local spatial autocorrelation analysis with the Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was applied to identify geographic clusters of low or high RS. RESULTS Clusters of low RS were identified in more than 15 states covering 671 counties, mostly in the southeast and southwest regions, including Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Approximately 30% of these clusters can be explained by patients' characteristics: Race, insurance, and stage at diagnosis appeared to be the major attributable factors. CONCLUSIONS Significant spatial disparity in female breast cancer survival was found, with low RS clusters identified in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Policies and interventions that focus on serving Black women, improvements in insurance coverage, and early detection in these areas could potentially mitigate the spatial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjin Fan
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaobai A Yao
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Coletta DK, Hlusko LJ, Scott GR, Garcia LA, Vachon CM, Norman AD, Funk JL, Shaibi GQ, Hernandez V, De Filippis E, Mandarino LJ. Association of EDARV370A with breast density and metabolic syndrome in Latinos. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258212. [PMID: 34618839 PMCID: PMC8496850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF) superfamily member. A substitution in an exon of EDAR at position 370 (EDARV370A) creates a gain of function mutant present at high frequencies in Asian and Indigenous American populations but absent in others. Its frequency is intermediate in populations of Mexican ancestry. EDAR regulates the development of ectodermal tissues, including mammary ducts. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are prevalent in people with Indigenous and Latino ancestry. Latino patients also have altered prevalence and presentation of breast cancer. It is unknown whether EDARV370A might connect these phenomena. The goals of this study were to determine 1) whether EDARV370A is associated with metabolic phenotypes and 2) if there is altered breast anatomy in women carrying EDARV370A. Participants were from two Latino cohorts, the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and Sangre por Salud (SPS) biobank. The frequency of EDARV370A was 47% in the Latino cohorts. In the AIR registry, carriers of EDARV370A (GG homozygous) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma triglycerides, VLDL, ALT, 2-hour post-challenge glucose, and a higher prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. In a subset of the AIR registry, serum levels of ectodysplasin A2 (EDA-A2) also were associated with HbA1c and prediabetes (p < 0.05). For the SPS biobank, participants that were carriers of EDARV370A had lower breast density and higher HbA1c (both p < 0.05). The significant associations with measures of glycemia remained when the cohorts were combined. We conclude that EDARV370A is associated with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and breast density in Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Leslea J. Hlusko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - G. Richard Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Norman
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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26
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Barcelo A, Duffett-Leger L, Pastor-Valero M, Pereira J, Colugnati FAB, Trapido E. The role of education on Cancer amenable mortality among non-Hispanic blacks & non-Hispanic whites in the United States (1989-2018). BMC Cancer 2021; 21:907. [PMID: 34493242 PMCID: PMC8425171 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer mortality in the U.S. has fallen in recent decades; however, individuals with lower levels of education experienced a smaller decline than more highly educated individuals. This analysis aimed to measure the influence of education lower than a high school diploma, on cancer amenable mortality among Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) in the U.S. from 1989 to 2018. Methods We analyzed data from 8.2 million death certificates of men and women who died from cancer between 1989 and 2018. We examined 5-year and calendar period intervals, as well as annual percent changes (APC). APC was adjusted for each combination of sex, educational level, and race categories (8 models) to separate the general trend from the effects of age. Results Our study demonstrated an increasing mortality gap between the least and the most educated NHW and NHB males and females who died from all cancers combined and for most other cancer types included in this study. The gap between the least and the most educated was broader among NHW males and females than among NHB males and females, respectively, for most malignancies. Conclusions In summary, we reported an increasing gap in the age-adjusted cancer mortality among the most and the least educated NHW and NHB between 25 and 74 years of age. We demonstrated that although NHB exhibited the greatest age-adjusted mortality rates for most cancer locations, the gap between the most and the least educated was shown for NHW. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08633-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Barcelo
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Public Health Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 414037, Miami Beach, FL, 33141, USA.
| | | | - Maria Pastor-Valero
- Departamento de Salud Pública, História de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (Ciberesp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Edward Trapido
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU School of Public Health, New Orleans, USA
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27
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Khushk M, Khan A, Rehman A, Sheraz S, Tunio YM, Rehman K, Rehman D, Ahmed M, Abbas K, Khan ME. The Role of Tumor Markers: Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Cancer Antigen 15-3 in Patients With Breast Cancer. Cureus 2021; 13:e16298. [PMID: 34405063 PMCID: PMC8352810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality among females, worldwide. The present study was intended to evaluate the significance in the management of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) in patients with breast cancer. Methodology A cohort study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2020 to May 2021. All diagnosed cases of breast cancer who underwent surgical excision of tumor were eligible to partake. Patients who had metastatic breast cancer or had a recurrence were excluded. The patient’s sociodemographic and clinical data were documented in a predefined pro forma. It included information about the age, sex, weight, as well as serum CEA and CA15-3. The CA15-3 and CEA levels for each patient were assessed by taking a 5ml blood sample and sending it to the laboratory for further workup. preoperatively on the second, seventh, and 28th postoperative days. Results A mean ± SD age of 52.6 ± 8.89 years was reported. Family history of breast cancer was positive in one-fourth of the patients. Nodal metastasis was negative in 114 (46.72%) patients. Three-fourth of patients had Stage II-IV with only a minority diagnosed with Stage I. The mean levels for CA15-3 in women with Stage I cancer was significantly lower on the seventh day and 28th postoperative day, compared to preoperative levels (p = 0.05). Similar associations were seen for stages II and III. Higher CEA levels were significantly associated with stage III breast cancer preoperatively (5.88 ng/ml, p = 0.05) compared to postoperative values. Conclusion The current study revealed that preoperative values of serum CEA and CA15-3 significantly reduced postoperatively. Moreover, patients with advanced cancers had significantly higher levels of both tumor markers than those with less advanced diseases. The current study highlighted the importance of regular assessment of serum CEA and CA15-3 in breast cancer patients. Both these biomarkers are substantially elevated in breast cancer patients, preoperatively. Determining the levels of serum CEA and CA15-3 pre- and postoperatively may determine the prognosis and aid in forming the most optimal patient care regime with respect to the stage and subtype of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Khushk
- Department of Surgery, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah, PAK
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Usman Memorial Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sehrish Sheraz
- Department of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Yar Muhammad Tunio
- Department of Medicine, Gambat Institute of Medical Science, Khairpur, PAK
| | - Kubra Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Duaa Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Moiz Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sindh Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kiran Abbas
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad E Khan
- Department of Oncology, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Faisalabad, PAK
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Amornsiripanitch N, Chikarmane SA, Cochon LR, Khorasani R, Giess CS. Electronic Worklist Improves Timeliness of Screening Mammogram Interpretation in an Urban Underserved Population. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:323-327. [PMID: 34266693 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of an electronic workflow update on screening mammography turnaround time and time to diagnostic imaging for mammography performed on our urban mobile mammography van and at an urban community health center. METHOD Prior to 10/15/2019, screening exams for the mammography van and urban community health center were made available for interpretation to a single designated radiologist via a manually generated paper list. On 10/15/2019, screening exams were routed electronically onto PACS for any breast radiologist across our Network to interpret. Screening mammogram turnaround time (defined as time form image acquisition to report finalization), time to diagnostic imaging, and time to tissue sampling were collected for pre- and post-implementation periods (6/1-9/30/2019 and 11/1/2019-2/29/2020, respectively) and compared via student t-test and statistical process control analyses. RESULTS The number of screening exams in the pre- and post-implementation periods were 851 and 728 exams, respectively. Patients were predominately Black and/or African American (400/1579, 25%), non-English speaking (858/1579, 54%) and insured by Medicaid (751/1579, 48%). After implementation of the electronic workflow, turnaround time decreased from 101.0 to 36.4 hours (63.9%, P <0.001) and statistical process control analyses showed sustained decrease in mean turnaround time. However, mean time to diagnostic imaging and tissue sampling were unchanged after implementation (39 vs 45, days; P = 0.330 and 43 vs 59; P = 0.187, respectively). CONCLUSION Electronic workflow management can reduce screening mammography turnaround time for underserved populations, but additional efforts are warranted to improve time to imaging follow-up for abnormal screening mammograms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laila R Cochon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Ramin Khorasani
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115
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29
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Li M, Liu S, Huang W, Zhang J. Physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallins in multiple organs: a systematic review. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15674-15687. [PMID: 34118792 PMCID: PMC8221336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins, the major constituent proteins of mammalian lenses, are significant not only for the maintenance of eye lens stability, transparency, and refraction, but also fulfill various physiopathological functions in extraocular tissues. βB2-crystallin, for example, is a multifunctional protein expressed in the human retina, brain, testis, ovary, and multiple tumors. Mutations in the βB2 crystallin gene or denaturation of βB2-crystallin protein are associated with cataracts, ocular pathologies, and psychiatric disorders. A prominent role for βB2-crystallins in axonal growth and regeneration, as well as in dendritic outgrowth, has been demonstrated after optic nerve injury. Studies in βB2-crystallin-null mice revealed morphological and functional abnormalities in testis and ovaries, indicating βB2-crystallin contributes to male and female fertility in mice. Interestingly, although pathogenic significance remains obscure, several studies identified a clear correlation between βB2 crystallin expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma in the African American population. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallin in the eye and other organs and tissues and discusses findings related to the expression and potential role of βB2-crystallin in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
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Advani P, Advani S, Nayak P, VonVille HM, Diamond P, Burnett J, Brewster AM, Vernon SW. Racial/ethnic disparities in use of surveillance mammogram among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2021; 16:514-530. [PMID: 33982233 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of breast cancer survivors in the USA have led to greater focus on the long-term health outcomes and surveillance care among these women. However limited evidence exists of use of surveillance mammography among breast cancer survivors and how it varies across racial/ethnic groups. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature to explore disparities in use of surveillance mammogram among women breast cancer survivors by searching for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020 from Medline (Ovid), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) bibliographic databases. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of all articles that reported surveillance mammography use across racial/ethnic groups. Data on study design, screening eligibility, sample size, operational definition, and/or measure of the use of a surveillance mammogram among breast cancer survivors and the association between race/ethnicity and use of a surveillance mammogram were summarized in the evidence tables. RESULTS We identified 1544 records from the three databases, and 30 studies examined the use of surveillance mammograms among breast cancer survivors across race/ethnic groups. Of these, 21 provided adjusted estimates of racial/ethnic disparities in use of surveillance mammograms, and 15 of these reported statistically significant disparities. In summary, most studies reported that non-white women (mainly Blacks and Hispanics) were less likely to receive a timely surveillance mammogram compared to White. CONCLUSION This study extends the evidence of racial/ethnic disparities beyond completion of initial treatment by finding similar disparities in receipt of surveillance mammograms among breast cancer survivors. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Our findings identify a need to improve efforts to increase post-treatment use of surveillance mammography among racial/ethnic minority women to reduce these gaps and improve overall clinical and quality of life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Advani
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E-528, MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Social Epidemiology Research Unit, Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pratibha Nayak
- Population Health Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helena M VonVille
- Library, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Diamond
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sally W Vernon
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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Amornsiripanitch N, Ameri SM, Goldberg RJ. Impact of Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status on Women's Perceptions and Preferences Regarding Communication of Estimated Breast Cancer Risk. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:655-663. [PMID: 32376184 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Performing breast cancer risk assessment at the time of screening mammography has potential to increase high-risk identification, appropriate supplemental screening, and risk management. The study's goal is to investigate women's interest in risk assessment and preferred method of risk communication in a diverse patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surveys in English and five non-English languages were distributed to women presenting for screening mammography at eight screening mammography facilities between February and May 2019 to assess their interest in risk assessment, preferred method, and level of detail of estimated risk communication in hypothetical scenarios where estimated risks are average and elevated. RESULTS Among 683 survey respondents, 592 (87%) expressed interest in learning about their estimated lifetime risk of breast cancer. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and education, women with higher income were more interested in risk assessment than comparison group (p<0.05). The most preferred method of average risk communication was by a mailed letter accompanying mammographic results (57%), but more women exclusively preferred face-to-face communications of elevated risk than of average risk estimate (191, 28% vs. 128, 19%, p<0.0001). Phone communication was more preferred by younger women, electronic communication was less preferred by older women and those with lower income, and non-Hispanic blacks and older women preferred less detailed communication (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Sociodemographic factors influence women's interest in risk assessment and preference in risk communication about breast cancer. Screening Mammogram facilities implementing risk assessment should consider risk communication strategies that are most effective for their patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Amornsiripanitch
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655.
| | - S M Ameri
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (617) 894-2712.
| | - R J Goldberg
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (508) 856-8798. Fax (508) 856-8993.
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Cognetti F, Biganzoli L, De Placido S, del Mastro L, Masetti R, Naso G, Pruneri G, Santini D, Tondini CA, Tinterri C, Tonini G, Barni S. Multigene tests for breast cancer: the physician's perspective. Oncotarget 2021; 12:936-947. [PMID: 33953847 PMCID: PMC8092339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumour in women and the first cause of death for cancer in the female population. Preserving the quality of life has therefore become an important objective in the management of the disease. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HR+ HER2- early breast cancer should always be balanced against its potential short and long-term adverse effects, and identifying the appropriate patients for whom chemotherapy can offer the highest clinical benefit is critical. Besides clinical and pathological factors, today four multigene tests able to guide the choice of the adjuvant therapy early breast cancer are available in Italy: Oncotype DX®, EndoPredict®, MammaPrint® e Prosigna®. This review evaluates the main characteristics of these diagnostic tests, the studies on clinical utility, their economic impact and their inclusion in international and national guidelines. The Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® test is the only multigene test validated, with level IA evidence, to guide the adjuvant therapy decisions: hormone therapy alone for most patients with RS results 0-25, and chemotherapy for patients with RS results 26-100. Clinical data demonstrate that the Oncotype DX test is able to significantly impact therapeutic decisions, reducing chemotherapy use up to 49% and supporting the use of chemotherapy (up to 12%) in potentially under-treated patients. Based on the level of clinical evidence and established clinical utility, several multigene tests have been included in the main international guidelines, with recommendations ranging from "strong" to "moderate".
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cognetti
- Scuola di specializzazione di Oncologia, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Medicina clinica e Chirurgia Professore di Oncologia Medica, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia del Mastro
- Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca del Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Naso
- Department of Radiology, Pathology and Oncology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology, School University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Emeritus, Department of Oncology, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Bergamo, Italy
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Hensing WL, Poplack SP, Herman CR, Sutcliffe S, Colditz GA, Ademuyiwa FO. Racial differences in no-show rates for screening mammography. Cancer 2021; 127:1857-1863. [PMID: 33792894 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in utilization of screening mammography partly explain the increased breast cancer mortality observed in African American (AA) women compared with non-Hispanic White women. However, the contribution of noncompliance from women who do not come for their scheduled screening mammography appointment (ie, no-shows) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate racial differences in no-show rates for screening mammography. METHODS Women scheduled for routine screening mammograms between January 2018 and March 2018 were identified from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center at Siteman Cancer Center in St. Louis, Missouri. Using a case-control design, this study retrospectively identified patients who no-showed for their mammograms (cases) and randomly sampled an equal number of patients who completed their mammograms (controls). These participants were compared by race. The main outcome measure was whether AA race was associated with no-shows for screening mammography. RESULTS During the study period, 5060 women were scheduled for screening mammography, and 316 (6.2%) did not keep their appointment (ie, they no-showed). Women who no-showed were more likely to be AA than women who kept their appointment (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.90-3.67). Even after adjustments for marital status, insurance type, and place of residence, AA race was still significantly associated with no-shows for screening mammography. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a no-show rate of 6.2% for screening mammography at the authors' institution. Women who no-showed were more likely to be AA than women who completed their mammogram even after adjustments for multiple factors. These data can be leveraged for future studies aimed at improving mammography attendance rates among AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Hensing
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven P Poplack
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cheryl R Herman
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Foluso O Ademuyiwa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Flores NJ, Mathew MJ, Fortson LS, Abernethy AD, Ashing KT. The Influence of Culture, Social, and Religious Support on Well-Being in Breast Cancer Survivorship. Cureus 2021; 13:e14158. [PMID: 33936871 PMCID: PMC8078221 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Latina and African American breast cancer survivors (BCS) are affected by health disparities that have negatively impacted their health outcomes and quality of life more than other BCS. Examining the relationships among social support, culture, and well-being in underserved groups may help clarify critical factors that influence health disparities in cancer survivors. Methodology Ethnic salience (impact of ethnicity on identity), religious support, social support, and well-being were examined in African American and Latina breast cancer survivors using archival data. Participants included 320 breast cancer survivors (28% African American and 72% Latina) ranging from 26-89 years old and one to five years post breast cancer diagnosis. Results Ethnic salience was positively associated with well-being (p < .001). African American breast cancer survivors endorsed greater well-being, social support, religious support, and ethnic salience than Latinas (ps < .05). Religious support was associated with well-being even after controlling for the effects of general social support [ΔR2 = .02, p = .005; F(5, 298) = 23.67]. Conclusion Ethnic salience and religious support are important factors in understanding health disparities and should inform survivorship care plans for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Flores
- School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, USA
| | - Mary J Mathew
- School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, USA
| | - Leah S Fortson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, USA
| | - Alexis D Abernethy
- School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, USA
| | - Kimlin T Ashing
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, USA
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Gómez-Salgado J, Fagundo-Rivera J, Ortega-Moreno M, Allande-Cussó R, Ayuso-Murillo D, Ruiz-Frutos C. Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1470. [PMID: 33806956 PMCID: PMC8004617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Night work has been highlighted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a likely carcinogenic factor for humans, associated with breast cancer and professions that require continuity of work. Knowing the impact that short and long-term night work has on the nurses' collective seems a priority, therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between night work and the development of breast cancer risk factors in nurses. For this, a cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire on breast cancer risk variables and working life was designed. The study was conducted in Spain and the sample consisted of 966 nurses, of whom 502 were healthy participants and 56 were breast cancer patients. These two groups were compared in the analyses. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the relationship was tested using χ2 independence test and OR calculation. The CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection) data mining method allowed for the creation of a segmentation tree for the main risk variables. The most significant risk variables related to working life have been the number of years worked, nights worked throughout life, and years working more than 3 nights per month. Exceeding 16 years of work has been significant for women and men. When the time worked is less than 16 years, the number of cases increases if there is a family history of cancer and if there have been more than 500 nights of work. High-intensity night work seems more harmful at an early age. The accumulation of years and nights worked increase the risk of breast cancer when factors such as sleep disturbance, physical stress, or family responsibilities come together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
| | - Javier Fagundo-Rivera
- Health Sciences Doctorate School, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Atlântica, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Mónica Ortega-Moreno
- Department of Economy, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | | | | | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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Fresques T, LaBarge MA. <PE-AT>Contributions of Yap and Taz dysfunction to breast cancer initiation, progression, and aging-related susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:5-18. [PMID: 33693435 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Yap and Taz are co-transcription factors that have been implicated in the development of many cancers. Here, we review the literature that analyzes the function of Yap/Taz in normal breast and breast cancer contexts. Our review of the literature suggests that that Yap and Taz are involved in breast cancer and Taz, in particular, is involved in the triple negative subtype. Nevertheless, the precise contexts in which Yap/Taz contribute to specific breast cancer phenotypes remains unclear. Indeed, Yap/Taz dysregulation acts differentially and in multiple epithelial cell types during early breast cancer progression. We propose Yap/Taz activation promotes breast cancer phenotypes in breast cancer precursor cells. Further, Yap dysregulation as a result of aging in breast tissue may result in microenvironments that increase the fitness of breast cancer precursor cells relative to the normal epithelia. <PE-FRONTEND>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Fresques
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.,Center for Cancer Biomarkers Research, University of Bergen, Norway
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Osei-Twum JA, Gedleh S, Lofters A, Nnorom O. Differences in Breast Cancer Presentation at Time of Diagnosis for Black and White Women in High Resource Settings. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:1305-1342. [PMID: 33721146 PMCID: PMC8599379 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a narrative review of the existing literature on differences in demographic and biological features of breast cancer at time of diagnosis between Black and White women in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Electronic database searches for published peer-reviewed articles on this topic were conducted, and 78 articles were included in the final narrative review. Differences between Black and White women were compared for eight categories including age, tumour stage, size, grade, lymph node involvement, and hormone status. Black women were significantly more likely to present with less favourable tumour features at the time of diagnosis than White women. Significant differences were reported in age at diagnosis, tumour stage, size, grade and hormone status, particularly triple negative breast cancer. Limitations on the generalizability of the review findings are discussed, as well as the implications of these findings on future research, especially within the Canadian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ann Osei-Twum
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Sahra Gedleh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - Aisha Lofters
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Onye Nnorom
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
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Residential Racial Segregation and Disparities in Breast Cancer Presentation, Treatment, and Survival. Ann Surg 2021; 273:3-9. [PMID: 32889878 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the role of racial residential segregation on Black-White disparities in breast cancer presentation, treatment, and outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Racial disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes are well documented. Black individuals present at advanced stage, are less likely to receive appropriate surgical and adjuvant treatment, and have lower overall and stage-specific survival relative to White individuals. METHODS Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we performed a retrospective cohort study of Black and White patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2005 to 2015 within the 100 most populous participating counties. The racial index of dissimilarity was used as a validated measure of residential segregation. Multivariable regression was performed, predicting advanced stage at diagnosis (stage III/IV), surgery for localized disease (stage I/II), and overall stage-specific survival. RESULTS After adjusting for age at diagnosis, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, and region, Black patients have a 49% greater risk (relative risk [RR] 1.49 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27, 1.74) of presenting at advanced stage with increasing segregation, while there was no observed difference in Whites (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93, 1.16). Black patients were 3% less likely to undergo surgical resection for localized disease (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99) with increasing segregation, while Whites saw no significant difference. Black patients had a 29% increased hazard of death (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04, 1.60) with increasing segregation; there was no significant difference among White patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that residential racial segregation has a significant association with Black-White racial disparities in breast cancer. These findings illustrate the importance of addressing structural racism and residential segregation in efforts to reduce Black-White breast cancer disparities.
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Zhuang J, Dai S, Zhang L, Gao P, Han Y, Tian G, Yan N, Tang M, Kui L. Identifying Breast Cancer-induced Gene Perturbations and its Application in Guiding Drug Repurposing. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615666200203104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast cancer is a complex disease with high prevalence in women, the
molecular mechanisms of which are still unclear at present. Most transcriptomic studies on breast
cancer focus on differential expression of each gene between tumor and the adjacent normal tissues,
while the other perturbations induced by breast cancer including the gene regulation variations, the
changes of gene modules and the pathways, which might be critical to the diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis of breast cancer are more or less ignored.
Objective:
We presented a complete process to study breast cancer from multiple perspectives,
including differential expression analysis, constructing gene co-expression networks, modular
differential connectivity analysis, differential gene connectivity analysis, gene function enrichment
analysis key driver analysis. In addition, we prioritized the related anti-cancer drugs based on
enrichment analysis between differential expression genes and drug perturbation signatures.
Methods:
The RNA expression profiles of 1109 breast cancer tissue and 113 non-tumor tissues were
downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression of RNAs
was identified using the “DESeq2” bioconductor package in R, and gene co-expression networks
were constructed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). To compare
the module changes and gene co-expression variations between tumor and the adjacent normal
tissues, modular differential connectivity (MDC) analysis and differential gene connectivity analysis
(DGCA) were performed.
Results:
Top differential genes like MMP11 and COL10A1 were known to be associated with breast
cancer. And we found 23 modules in the tumor network had significantly different co-expression
patterns. The top differential modules were enriched in Goterms related to breast cancer like MHC
protein complex, leukocyte activation, regulation of defense response and so on. In addition, key
genes like UBE2T driving the top differential modules were significantly correlated with the
patients’ survival. Finally, we predicted some potential breast cancer drugs, such as Eribulin,
Taxane, Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin.
Conclusion:
As an indication, this framework might be useful in understanding the molecular
pathogenesis of diseases like breast cancer and inferring useful drugs for personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jujuan Zhuang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Pan Gao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Yingmin Han
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Na Yan
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Min Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana- Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Fouladi N, Feizi I, Nadermohammadi M, Mehrara E, Adldoosti R, Alimohammadi S. The Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction among Iranian Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:391-396. [PMID: 33639652 PMCID: PMC8190366 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer targets women’s sexual organs and deals with patients’ femininity. The low age of incidence and the late stage of diagnosis of the disease in Iran give rise to sexual dysfunction among patients. Identifying the severity of the disorder, and its determiners can specify the probable groups to be influenced. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 144 women with breast cancer who underwent surgical and complementary therapies were included in the study. Data collection was done through questionnaires: FSFI, SSSW and the demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Results: The mean age of patients was 42.31 ± 5.18 years. 76 patients (52.8%) underwent partial mastectomy and complementary treatments, and 68 cases (47.2%) underwent total mastectomy and complementary treatments. All patients had sexual dysfunction in all dimensions. The average score of sexual satisfaction was 84.3±10 10. The lowest sexual satisfaction score (79.6 ± 9.6) belonged to patients with total mastectomy (P = 0.013). Regression analysis showed predictability of patients’ sexual satisfaction by type of treatment and sexual function (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction and the low level of sexual satisfaction in patients with significant predictive effect of treatment type and sexual function denote that the patients with breast cancer need to be assisted to have proper sexual function and satisfaction leading to higher quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Fouladi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Iraj Feizi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Mehriar Nadermohammadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Adldoosti
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Sara Alimohammadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahidbeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kang YJ, Oh SJ, Choi H, Cho S, Shin CH, Kim C, Woo J, Lee J, Park HK, Lee HB, Noh WC, Kim YS. Clinical significance of HER2 status in T1bN0 breast cancer: a nationwide study from the Korean Breast Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:125-134. [PMID: 33389401 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognosis of patients with node-negative T1b tumors according to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is not known. This group of patients has not been studied in the available randomized trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of patients in a monoethnic group diagnosed with T1b lymph node-negative breast cancer depending on HER2 status. METHODS We analyzed 3110 patients with T1bN0M0 breast cancer whose data were deposited into the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry database between 2000 and 2009. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were compared according to HER2 status. RESULTS Among all patients, 494 (15.9%) had HER2-positive breast cancer. At a mean follow-up of 93 months, 108 deaths and 86 breast cancer-specific deaths were noted among all patients. There was no significant difference in OS between the HER2-negative and HER2-positive groups (p = 0.103). The same result was observed for BCSS. However, in the subgroup of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive women, HER2-negative patients had a better BCSS prognosis than HER2-positive patients (p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis also indicated a significant difference in BCSS in the ER-positive subgroup (HR 2.60; 95% CI 1.15-5.87; p = 0.021). CONCLUSION This study analyzed a large nationwide and monoethnic cohort and found a significant difference only in BCSS in the ER-positive subgroup according to HER2 status. Anti-HER2 therapy may be considered in HER2-positive and ER-positive patients with small, node-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Kang
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jeong Oh
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shijin Cho
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiwon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Woo
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Cancer Center for Women, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JungSun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University, College of Medicine, Haeundae-Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Park
- Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea.
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Body Composition in Women after Radical Mastectomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238991. [PMID: 33276660 PMCID: PMC7730168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the body composition among women after radical mastectomy. The body compositions of 30 women after radical mastectomy (study group) were compared with those of 30 healthy females (control group). The method of electrical bioimpedance was used to analyse body composition. The significant differences between the groups, unfavourable for women, following mastectomy concerned body mass (p = 0.021), BMI (p = 0.049), fat mass (%) (p = 0.007), fat mass (kg) (p = 0.005), total body water (%) (p = 0.002), left upper limb fat mass (p = 0.013) as well as right upper limb fat mass (p = 0.022). The body composition of women after radical mastectomy was significantly worse compared to the control group. The majority of subjects were overweight and had high levels of body fat. Abnormal body composition is a modifiable risk factor of breast cancer; therefore, improving lifestyle is important in the prevention and treatment of this disease. There is a need for education, dietary supervision and physical activity in women following radical mastectomy. The innovation of our study was the use of the modern bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method, which does not cause ionisation and is a gold standard in the field of body composition analysis. In future research, we plan to broaden the assessment of lifestyle and the significance of diet and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Giriyappa DK, Bharathi A, Velmurugan B, Ganesh K. Worldwide trends in breast cancer incidence from 1993 to 2012: Age-period-cohort analysis and joinpoint regression. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:98. [PMID: 33273943 PMCID: PMC7698377 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_708_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer accounting for about one-fourth of total cancer cases and 15% of all cancer deaths among women worldwide. It is important to determine its trend across the regions in the world to find the high-focus regions. Hence, the current study was done to assess the global trends and deviations in the incidence of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A descriptive trend analysis was done using the data on breast cancer incidence from the WHO Cancer Incidence Data of Five Continents plus database. Joinpoint regression was performed to determine the average annual percent change (AAPC), and age-period-cohort analysis was done to obtain age-, period-, and cohort-specific deviations and rate ratio. Results: All the regions showed an increasing trend in breast cancer incidence, with an exception of America. Maximum increase was observed in Asia (AAPC = 2.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4%–2.9%) followed by Europe (AAPC = 0.7%; 95% CI: 0.5%–1%). There was consistent rise in the breast cancer incidence across the age groups in all the four continents with maximum burden in elderly (P < 0.001). Except in America, all other regions showed consistent rise in the incidence of breast cancer through the periods 1998–2002 to 2007–2012 (P < 0.001). There was consistent increase across the cohorts from 1923–1927 to 1978–1982 in continents such as Asia and Oceania (P < 0.001). Conclusion: To summarize, the incidence of breast cancer shows an increasing trend globally with a maximum increase in the Asian region. This makes a strong need for newer strategies irrespective of current prevention and control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sathish Rajaa
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Giriyappa
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Arivarasan Bharathi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Balachandiran Velmurugan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Karthika Ganesh
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Mema E, McGinty G. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Understanding and Addressing Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-020-00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xia Y, Li M, Chen C, Xia M, Zhang W, Gao W. Employing Label‐free Electrochemical Biosensor Based on 3D‐Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Nanofibers for Ultrasensitive Detection of Breast Cancer BRCA1 Biomarker. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Mu Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng‐Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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Gui Y, Liu X, Chen X, Yang X, Li S, Pan Q, Luo X, Chen L. A Network Meta-Analysis of Surgical Treatment in Patients With Early Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:903-915. [PMID: 31187142 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early breast cancer treatment, the preferred surgical regimen remains a topic of controversy, and conventional pairwise meta-analysis cannot provide a hierarchy based on clinical trial evidence. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was performed both for direct and indirect comparisons and to assess the survival outcomes of surgical regimens. METHODS Randomized clinical trials comparing different surgical regimens for the treatment of early breast cancer were identified. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free-survival (DFS) were analyzed using random-effects network meta-analysis on the hazard ratio (HR) scale and calculated as combined HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The network meta-analysis compared 11 different surgical regimens that consisted of 13 and 17 direct comparisons between strategies for OS (34 trials; n = 23 587 patients) and DFS (32 trials; n = 22 552 patients), respectively. The values of surface under the cumulative ranking for OS and DFS after mastectomy (M)+radiotherapy (RT) were observed to be the largest. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS)+axillary node sampling+RT almost achieved the threshold for inferiority compared with the other surgical treatment arms and was statistically significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.94; HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.92; HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.96). No statistically significant difference between BCS+sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)+RT vs BCS+SLNB+intraoperative RT was observed in carrying out network meta-analysis (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.64 to 1.36). CONCLUSIONS M+RT has the most favorable survival outcomes among the various surgical regimens for the treatment of early breast cancer patients. For patients who receive BCS, SNLB has more favorable outcomes than axillary node sampling. Intraoperative RT and postoperative RT have similar outcomes in patients who receive SLNB.
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Aghdam N, McGunigal M, Wang H, Repka MC, Mete M, Fernandez S, Dash C, Al-Refaie WB, Unger KR. Ethnicity and insurance status predict metastatic disease presentation in prostate, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5362-5380. [PMID: 32511873 PMCID: PMC7402826 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnicity and insurance status have been shown to impact odds of presenting with metastatic cancer, however, the interaction of these two predictors is not well understood. We evaluate the difference in odds of presenting with metastatic disease in minorities compared to white patients despite access to the same insurance across three common cancer types. Methods Using the National Cancer Database, a multilevel logistic regression model that estimated the odds of metastatic disease was fit, adjusting for covariates including year of diagnosis, ethnicity, insurance, income, and region. We included adults diagnosed with metastatic prostate, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and breast cancer from 2004 to 2015. Results The study cohort consisted of 1 191 241 prostate cancer (PCa), 1 310 986 breast cancer (BCa), and 1 183 029 NSCLC patients. Private insurance was the most protective factor against metastatic presentation. Odds of presenting with metastatic disease were 0.190 [95% CI, 0.182‐0.198], 0.616 [95% CI, 0.602‐0.630], and 0.270 [95% CI, 0.260‐0.279] for PCa, NSCLC, and BCa compared to uninsured patients, respectively. Private insurance provided the most significant benefit to non‐Hispanic White PCa patients with 81% reduction in odds of metastatic presentation and conferred the least benefit to African‐American NSCLC patients at 30.4% reduction in odds of metastatic presentation. Conclusions Insurance status provided the single most protective effect against metastatic presentation. This benefit varied for minorities despite similar insurance. Reducing metastatic disease presentation rates requires addressing social barriers to care independent of insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Aghdam
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar-Georgetown Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary McGunigal
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar-Georgetown Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haijun Wang
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mihriye Mete
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Chiranjeev Dash
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Waddah B Al-Refaie
- MedStar-Georgetown Surgical Outcomes Research Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith R Unger
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar-Georgetown Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Wang R, Fu L, Li J, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Yin L. Microarray Analysis for Differentially Expressed Genes Between Stromal and Epithelial Cells in Development and Metastasis of Invasive Breast Cancer. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:1631-1643. [PMID: 32429691 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both epithelium and stroma are involved in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. This study aimed at identifying the roles of the stroma in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Gene expression profiling GSE10797 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and it included 28-paired stroma and epithelium breast tissue samples from invasive breast cancer patients and 10 paired normal breast tissue samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between breast cancer and normal breast tissue samples were identified by using the limma package followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to seek the potential functions of DEGs. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on the String database, and modules were selected through the BioNet tool. Further, functional annotations of DEGs were carried out by using tumor suppressor gene and tumor associated gene databases. Ultimately, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs in modules was performed. A total of 38 and 156 DEGs were identified from normal invasive stromal cells and epithelial cells, respectively. DEGs in stromal and epithelial cells were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM)- and cell proliferation-related functions. COL1A2, a hub node in the stromal module, was mainly enriched in ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways. JUN, a hub node in the epithelium module, was significantly enriched in cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. COL1A2, COL1A1, COL3A1, JUN, and FN1 might be vital for tumorigenesis and metastasis of invasive breast cancer. These genes might be potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Core Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Engineering, 401 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinbin Li
- Core Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Dermatological Department, The 309 Hospital Of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, The 88th Hospital of PLA, Tai'an, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Core Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Disparities in the Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Early Stage Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2020; 254:31-40. [PMID: 32408028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have long established the long-term safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) in patients with clinically node-negative early stage breast cancer. The variations in utilization of SLND and ALND in this patient population, however, are currently unknown. METHODS Adult female patients (40 years and older) within the National Cancer Database diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2013 and December 2015, who had clinical T1-T2 and N0 disease, and who underwent either SLND (with or without subsequent ALND) or ALND were included. Differences in utilization across race, ethnicity, insurance type, facility, and residential characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 271,689 patients were included, of which 26,527 (10%) received ALND and 245,162 (90%) underwent SLND. After adjusting for demographics and cancer characteristics, black (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06-1.17) and Hispanic women (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24) were more likely to receive ALND. Patients without health insurance (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.47), compared with private health insurance, and those receiving treatment at community cancer centers (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.53-1.67), compared with academic/research centers, were also more likely to receive ALND. CONCLUSIONS Although the vast majority of women undergo SLND, significant disparities exist in its utilization for early stage breast cancer, with traditionally underserved patients receiving unwarranted extensive axillary surgery. Increased patient and surgeon education is needed to decrease variations in care that can affect patient's quality of life.
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50
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Nyhof BB, Wright FC, Look Hong NJ, Groot G, Helyer L, Meiers P, Quan ML, Baxter NN, Urquhart R, Warburton R, Gagliardi AR. Identifying opportunities to support patient-centred care for ductal carcinoma in situ: qualitative interviews with clinicians. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:364. [PMID: 32354355 PMCID: PMC7191683 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) report poor patient-clinician communication, and long-lasting confusion and anxiety about their treatment and prognosis. Research shows that patient-centred care (PCC) improves patient experience and outcomes. Little is known about the clinician experience of delivering PCC for DCIS. This study characterized communication challenges faced by clinicians, and interventions they need to improve PCC for DCIS. Methods Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit Canadian clinicians by specialty, gender, years of experience, setting, and geographic location. Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Findings were mapped to a cancer-specific, comprehensive PCC framework to identify opportunities for improvement. Results Clinicians described approaches they used to address the PCC domains of fostering a healing relationship, exchanging information, and addressing emotions, but do not appear to be addressing the domains of managing uncertainty, involving women in making decisions, or enabling self-management. However, many clinicians described challenges or variable practices for all PCC domains but fostering a healing relationship. Clinicians vary in describing DCIS as cancer based on personal beliefs. When exchanging information, most find it difficult to justify treatment while assuring women of a good prognosis, and feel frustrated when women remain confused despite their efforts to explain it. While they recognize confusion and anxiety among women, clinicians said that patient navigators, social workers, support groups and high-quality information specific to DCIS are lacking. Despite these challenges, clinicians said they did not need or want communication interventions. Conclusions Findings represent currently unmet opportunities by which to help clinicians enhance PCC for DCIS, and underscore the need for supplemental information and supportive care specific to DCIS. Future research is needed to develop and test communication interventions that improve PCC for DCIS. If effective and widely implemented, this may contribute to improved care experiences and outcomes for women diagnosed with and treated for DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna B Nyhof
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada.
| | | | | | - Gary Groot
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Pamela Meiers
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Nancy N Baxter
- St Michael's Hospital Department of Surgery and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Department of Surgery and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Anna R Gagliardi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada
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