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Jafarzadeh M, Habibzadeh S, Moradi-Asl E, Mohamadshahi J, Abishvand J, Nakhostin B. Spatial Distribution and Epidemiological Factors of Brucellosis in Ardabil Province, Iran. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2023; 10:23333928231211412. [PMID: 37954480 PMCID: PMC10637137 DOI: 10.1177/23333928231211412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world that infects humans directly through contaminated livestock or indirectly through animal products and induces high medical and economic damage annually. Objective Using geographic information system (GIS) software to determine the hot spots of brucellosis and the spatial correlation and type of disease distribution. Methods We extracted the incidence cases of the disease from 2016 to 2020 in this retrospective cross-sectional study using the disease registration system of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The interpolation method (IDW) was employed for spatial analysis and disease distribution and determination of hotspot points, Moran I and General G analysis were used to determine spatial autocorrelation at a significant level (P < 0.05). GIS software 10.4.1 was applied to determine areas. Results 2679 cases of brucellosis were diagnosed in the province during the study that 96.97% were Iranian, 2.95% Azerbaijani, and 0.08% were Iraqi. 40.5% of patients were female and 59.5% were male. The highest number of infected cases was reported in 2020 with 29.2% and the lowest number was reported in 2016 with 16%. Rural areas had a high prevalence in terms of distribution and the north of Aslanduz and the central part of Sarein were determined as two significant rural areas of the disease. The trend of disease was increasing from east to west of the province. Conclusion Brucellosis is very widespread in rural areas in Ardabil Province. Ardabil University of Medical Sciences is required to take practical and educational measures to control this disease in high-risk centers. It is expected to take measures in order to educate villagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahram Habibzadeh
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Eslam Moradi-Asl
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Centre, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jafar Mohamadshahi
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Javad Abishvand
- CDC of Ardabil Health Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Babak Nakhostin
- CDC of Ardabil Health Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Moravedji M, Beig M, Baseri N, Rahravani M, Latifian M, Esmaeili S. Molecular detection of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in domestic ruminants and their ticks in selected areas of western Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2023; 24:270-275. [PMID: 38269017 PMCID: PMC10804434 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.47192.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. Detection of Brucella species in different countries is of utmost importance. Aims This study aimed to detect Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in domestic ruminant blood samples and their ticks in western Iran. Methods Sampling was conducted on ruminants from August to September 2020 in four different counties of Kurdistan Province, including Divandareh, Marivan, Baneh, and Sanandaj. Totally, 250 blood samples were collected from 250 small ruminants. There were no ticks on the skin of six (2.4%) ruminants, and 244 ticks were isolated from 244 animals. After genomic DNA extraction from all the collected samples, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect IS711 gene. Results Based on qPCR results, Brucella genus was detected in two blood samples (0.8%) from female sheep and four ticks (1.6%) from male sheep, including three Dermacentor marginatus (1.22%) and one Rhipicephalus turanicus (0.4%). Although B. melitensis was not detected in any tick or blood sample, one tick sample (D. marginatus) was positive for B. abortus. Conclusion Considering the positivity of ticks for brucellosis in this study, there is a possibility of Brucella transmission from infected ticks to humans and animals through tick bites, nevertheless, in order to identify the Brucella transmission relationship between ticks and animals, serological tests should be used in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Moravedji
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
- These authors contributed equally in this study and should be considered as the first author
| | - M. Beig
- Ph.D. Student in Medical Bacteriology, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Ph.D. Student in Medical Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
- These authors contributed equally in this study and should be considered as the first author
| | - N. Baseri
- Ph.D. in Medical Bacteriology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Ph.D. in Medical Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M. Rahravani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M. Latifian
- BSc in Medical Laboratory Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S. Esmaeili
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
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Demirpence M, Saytekin AM, Sareyyupoglu B, Esendal OM. Isolation and characterisation of Brucella melitensis by bacteriological and molecular methods from livestock in North Cyprus. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:497-509. [PMID: 38846429 PMCID: PMC11154879 DOI: 10.17221/150/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the isolation, biotyping and molecular characterisation of Brucella melitensis from cattle, sheep and goats in North Cyprus are reported on. A total of 319 raw milk samples obtained from seropositive dairy livestock (190 cattle, 74 sheep and 55 goats) and tissue samples including the liver, spleen and abomasal contents obtained from 32 aborted foetal samples (5 cattle, 18 sheep and 9 goats) were analysed for the presence and characterisation of the agent. B. melitensis was isolated and identified from 90 out of 319 (28.2%) milk and 19 out of 32 (59.4%) foetal samples by conventional bacteriological methods. Identification of all 109 isolates was confirmed by using real-time PCR with genus and species-specific primers. Following the preliminary identification, 27 selected isolates representing various counties and herds were further analysed by conventional methods. Twenty (74.1%) isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 1 and seven (25.9%) were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3. The Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay revealed that all the isolates were field strains. The results of the present study confirmed the presence of B. melitensis in livestock including the cattle population in North Cyprus. Even though the majority of the samples came from seropositive cattle, Brucella abortus was not isolated in the study. The results also revealed the potential public health risk of brucellosis in livestock emphasising the need of implementing strict control and eradication strategies against the disease in animal populations in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirpence
- Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Department, Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Murat Saytekin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Baris Sareyyupoglu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Memduh Esendal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus
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Spicic S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Ponsart C, Hendriksen RS, Reil I, Girault G, Leekitcharoenphon P, Rukavina V, Rubin M, Freddi L, Duvnjak S. New Brucella variant isolated from Croatian cattle. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:126. [PMID: 33743687 PMCID: PMC7981855 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel Brucella strain closely related to Brucella (B.) melitensis biovar (bv) 3 was found in Croatian cattle during testing within a brucellosis eradication programme. Case presentation Standardised serological, brucellin skin test, bacteriological and molecular diagnostic screening for Brucella infection led to positive detection in one dairy cattle herd. Three isolates from that herd were identified to species level using the Bruce ladder method. Initially, two strains were typed as B. melitensis and one as B. abortus, but multiplex PCR based on IS711 and the Suis ladder showed that all of them to belong to B. melitensis, and the combination of whole-genome and multi-locus sequencing as well as Multi-Locus Variable numbers of tandem repeats Analysis (MLVA) highlighted a strong proximity within the phylogenetic branch of B. melitensis strains previously isolated from Croatia, Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two isolates were determined to be B. melitensis bv. 3, while the third showed a unique phylogenetic profile, growth profile on dyes and bacteriophage typing results. This isolate contained the 609-bp omp31 sequence, but not the 723-bp omp31 sequence present in the two isolates of B. melitensis bv. 3. Conclusions Identification of a novel Brucella variant in this geographic region is predictable given the historic endemicity of brucellosis. The emergence of a new variant may reflect a combination of high prevalence among domestic ruminants and humans as well as weak eradication strategies. The zoonotic potential, reservoirs and transmission pathways of this and other Brucella variants should be explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Spicic
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claire Ponsart
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irena Reil
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Girault
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vesna Rukavina
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Veterinary Office Sisak, Branch Office Glina, Trg bana Josipa Jelačića 2, 44 400, Glina, Croatia
| | - Martina Rubin
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Department for Veterinary Epidemiology, Planinska 2a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luca Freddi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
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Rossetti CA, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Maurizio E. Caprine brucellosis: A historically neglected disease with significant impact on public health. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005692. [PMID: 28817647 PMCID: PMC5560528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the gram-negative cocci-bacillus Brucella melitensis. Middle- to late-term abortion, stillbirths, and the delivery of weak offspring are the characteristic clinical signs of the disease that is associated with an extensive negative impact in a flock's productivity. B. melitensis is also the most virulent Brucella species for humans, responsible for a severely debilitating and disabling illness that results in high morbidity with intermittent fever, chills, sweats, weakness, myalgia, abortion, osteoarticular complications, endocarditis, depression, anorexia, and low mortality. Historical observations indicate that goats have been the hosts of B. melitensis for centuries; but around 1905, the Greek physician Themistokles Zammit was able to build the epidemiological link between "Malta fever" and the consumption of goat milk. While the disease has been successfully managed in most industrialized countries, it remains a significant burden on goat and human health in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Central and Southeast Asia (including India and China), sub-Saharan Africa, and certain areas in Latin America, where approximately 3.5 billion people live at risk. In this review, we describe a historical evolution of the disease, highlight the current worldwide distribution, and estimate (by simple formula) the approximate costs of brucellosis outbreaks to meat- and milk-producing farms and the economic losses associated with the disease in humans. Successful control leading to eradication of caprine brucellosis in the developing world will require a coordinated Global One Health approach involving active involvement of human and animal health efforts to enhance public health and improve livestock productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA-CNIA, INTA. Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Estefanía Maurizio
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA-CNIA, INTA. Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhan BD, Wang SQ, Lai SM, Lu Y, Shi XG, Cao GP, Hu XL, Zheng CJ, Yu ZY, Zhang JM, Fang CF, Gong ZY. Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis at a Pharmaceutical Factory in Southeast China. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:431-437. [PMID: 27863096 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an occupational disease affecting workers in butcher shops, the milking and dairy product industry, causing more than 500 000 new cases around the world. As a national statutory B infectious disease in China, morbidity of brucellosis is rapidly increasing in recent years. We report an occupational outbreak of brucellosis infection in a pharmaceutical factory. Exposure was a result of manual operation in the process line, close contact with sheep placentas, insufficient disinfection and repeated using of protective suits and infected by aerosol dissemination. Improved preventive methods, appropriate public health measures and spread of health education would be helpful to prevent the occupational outbreak of brucellosis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Zhan
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - S Q Wang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - S M Lai
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Y Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - X G Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - G P Cao
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - X L Hu
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - C J Zheng
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Z Y Yu
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - J M Zhang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - C F Fang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Z Y Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Cvetnić Ž, Duvnjak S, Đuras M, Gomerčić T, Reil I, Zdelar-Tuk M, Špičić S. Evidence of Brucella strain ST27 in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Europe. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:93-97. [PMID: 27939163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine mammal brucellosis has been known for more than 20 years, but recent work suggests it is more widespread than originally thought. Brucella (B.) pinnipedialis has been isolated from pinnipeds, while B. ceti strains have been associated with cetaceans. Here we report a Brucella strain isolated from multiple lymph nodes of one bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during routine examination of dolphin carcasses found in the Croatian part of the northern Adriatic Sea during the summer of 2015. Classical bacteriological biotyping, PCR-based techniques (single, multiplex, PCR-RFLP) and 16S rRNA DNA sequencing were used to identify Brucella spp. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 loci and multilocus sequence typing of 9 loci were used for genotyping and species determination. The combination of bacteriological, molecular and genotyping techniques identified our strain as ST27, previously identified as a human pathogen. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of ST27 in the Adriatic Sea in particular and in European waters in general. The zoonotic nature of the strain and its presence in the Adriatic, which is inhabited by bottlenose dolphins, suggest that the strain may pose a significant threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Đuras
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Heinzelova Street 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Gomerčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, Heinzelova Street 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Duvnjak S, Račić I, Špičić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Reil I, Cvetnić Ž. Characterisation of Brucella suis isolates from Southeast Europe by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:146-50. [PMID: 26324171 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonosis which can cause significant financial losses. Its diverse and often complicated factors have hampered efforts to control disease spread. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of porcine brucellosis primarily in Croatia and its relationship to genotypes present in other, mostly European countries. One hundred and seven Brucella suis strains isolated from swine, hares, cattle, humans, wild hares, a wild boar and a mare originating mainly from Croatia (112), but also a few from Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia (15) were tested using classical microbiological testing, Bruce-ladder, RFLP, Multiplex-suis and genotyped using multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). We determined 43 Brucella suis genotypes. Strains were grouped according to phylogenetic and geographic relationships, revealing both regional specificity and uniqueness and suggesting possible sources and modes of spread among animals. Our study also confirmed problems with Bruce19 locus that may hinder comparisons of new types with those in the international database. Forty-one novel genotypes were identified and deposited into the international database. Our study supports the idea of wild animals as a source of disease in domestic animals and also gives evidence to hypothesis of cross-border animal trafficking between former Yugoslavian countries. It also highlights the need to expand such research across more of southeast Europe, especially to countries with poorer social and economical situation in order to prevent a realistic outbreak and for better understanding of the biology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Račić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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MEHRABANI D, GHOLAMI Z, KOHANTEB J, SEPEHRIMANESH M, HOSSEINI SMH. Rocket and Two Dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis in Diagnosis of Caprine Brucellosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:1114-20. [PMID: 26587475 PMCID: PMC4645731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global importance with the causative organisms of Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogens. The aims of this study were to standardize two immunoelectrophoretic techniques, rocket and cross immunoelectrophoresis, and compare their results with other conventional serodiagnostic tests. METHODS Sera from 15 sheep, without any history of brucellosis vaccination, infected with Brucella melitensis M16 subcutaneously, were employed in a comparison of culture, precipitating, and immunoelectrophoretic tests. A 125 days serologic follow-up was performed after the infection was started. As a reference, these tests also done in the five healthy sheep. RESULTS The results obtained with the rocket immunoelectrophoresis test correlated very well with those of the cross immunoelectrophoresis, whereas results of other tests such as culture, Rose Bengal, standard tube agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol seruagglutination tests were inferior. CONCLUSION As agglutination test shows cross reaction and a prozone phenomenon, and in blood culture, the bacteria is not always detectable, so they are time consuming rocket and cross immunoelectrophoresis are recommended because their results can be obtained in a shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood MEHRABANI
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Dept. of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra GHOLAMI
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Jamshid KOHANTEB
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood SEPEHRIMANESH
- Gasteroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Meirelles-Bartoli RB, Mathias LA, Samartino LE. Brucellosis due to Brucella suis in a swine herd associated with a human clinical case in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1575-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leptospirosis as the most frequent infectious disease impairing productivity in small ruminants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:773-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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