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Lanszki Z, Islam MS, Shikder MF, Sarder MJU, Khan SA, Chowdhury S, Islam MN, Tauber Z, Tóth GE, Jakab F, Kemenesi G, Akter S. Snapshot study of canine distemper virus in Bangladesh with on-site PCR detection and nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9250. [PMID: 38649415 PMCID: PMC11035628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that affects domestic and wild animals, causing severe illness with high mortality rates. Rapid monitoring and sequencing can provide valuable information about circulating CDV strains, which may foster effective vaccination strategies and the successful integration of these into conservation programs. During two site visits in Bangladesh in 2023, we tested a mobile, deployable genomic surveillance setup to explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns of locally circulating CDV strains. We collected and analysed 355 oral swab samples from stray dogs in Rajshahi and Chattogram cities, Bangladesh. CDV-specific real-time RT-PCR was performed to screen the samples. Out of the 355 samples, 7.4% (10/135) from Rajshahi city and 0.9% (2/220) from Chattogram city tested positive for CDV. We applied a real-time RT-PCR assay and a pan-genotype CDV-specific amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing technology to obtain the near-completes. Five near-complete genome sequences were generated, with phylogenetic relation to the India-1/Asia-5 lineage previously identified in India. This is the first study to provide genomic data on CDV in Bangladesh and the first demonstration of a mobile laboratory setup as a powerful tool in rapid genomic surveillance and risk assessment for CDV in low resource regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Lanszki
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Md Shafeul Islam
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Foisal Shikder
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jalal Uddin Sarder
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shahneaz Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Zsófia Tauber
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gábor Endre Tóth
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sazeda Akter
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Edwards PT, Smith BP, McArthur ML, Hazel SJ. Puppy pedicures: Exploring the experiences of Australian dogs to nail trims. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches ( Canis lupus familiaris). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113259. [PMID: 34827990 PMCID: PMC8614458 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis represents the inflammation of the mammary gland, and it affects all mammals. It is usually caused by bacterial agents, but other organisms such as fungi or parasites can be responsible for the onset of mastitis. In bitches, mastitis is considered a genuine emergency, since it can affect both the mother and the pups. Left untreated, it can lead to the loss of the bitch and the entire litter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial load from the milk of healthy bitches and from bitches with mastitis. The main isolated bacterial families were the Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families. The bacterial load from bitches’ overt pseudopregnancy seems to have a lower bacteriological burden than periparturient females. Some of the isolated milk strains of lactating bitches are also responsible for nosocomial infection. The transmission of such strains from humans to animals or vice versa is possible. Environmental hygiene needs to be adequately addressed, alongside a minimum manipulation of the lactating mammary glands where possible. Abstract Mastitis is a complex and well-defined mammary gland pathology, and an emergency in bitches. In dogs, its prevalence is about 1% of all reported diseases and about 5.3% of all reproductive pathologies. Lactating bitches are naturally prone to developing mastitis since puppies can easily overstimulate the epidermal layer of nipples during feeding, facilitating bacterial colonization of the glands. This study aimed to describe the aerobic bacterial flora isolated from milk samples derived from a cohort of patients (n = 87) diagnosed with clinical mastitis (n = 29), subclinical mastitis (n = 17) and healthy mammary glands (n = 46). All of the patients underwent a gynecology consultation to diagnose mammary gland afflictions; physical examination results were coupled with traditional hematological findings. The milk samples were plated on specific microbiological media for bacterial isolation. Among the 162 milk samples analyzed, 93.2% (151/162) had a positive microbiological result, while 6.8% (11/162) were sterile. The bacteriological profile of the milk samples showed 47 different species. The most common bacterial families detected in healthy bitches and bitches with subclinical and clinical mastitis were the Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families. The results indicated that half of the isolated bacteria are novel findings in dogs and that some of them are normal components of human milk.
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Uddin MM, Talukder H, Islam O, Asaduzzaman M, Das M, Ahsan MI, Islam S. Magnitudes of diseases in dogs vary among different levels of age, gender, breed, and season: A hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08287. [PMID: 34778579 PMCID: PMC8577088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs, the most common companion animal of humans, perform not only the auxiliary of an individual, but also contribute to the nations' crime and defence departments. Knowing the determinant-based disease status of dogs is imperative to keep them healthy by subsequent prevention and control of those diseases; however, such baseline epidemiological information is limited. Therefore, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the proportional incidence of dog diseases to explore their magnitudes, and we compared them to different levels of intrinsic (age, gender, breed) and extrinsic determinants (season). Purposively, data of a total of 1,557 cases of different diseases were collected from the record book of the Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The proportional incidence was calculated as the proportion of cases of a specific disease among total number of cases of all types of diseases attended the hospital during the study period. Diseases of dog were categorized into infectious, non-infectious, and non-specific. Results showed that the highest proportional incidence was noted in infectious diseases (53.8%) followed by non-infectious diseases (23.4%) and the lowest in non-specific (22.7%) cases. Among them, disease-specific proportional incidence was remarkable in case of mange (9.5%), parvovirosis (8.7%), lacerated wound (8.5%), ectoparasitism (8.3%), helminthiasis (7.8%), and fracture (5.7%). The occurrence of mange varied significantly (p < 0.05) among all studied determinants (age, gender, breed, and season); while significant discrepancies (p < 0.05) in magnitudes of lacerated wound, dystocia, abortion, and gastroenteritis were observed among various groups of age, gender, and breed. Accordingly, dermatitis and orchitis had significant differences (p < 0.05) in proportional incidence amid various levels of age, gender, and season; whilst the burden of parvovirosis and alopecia differed significantly (p < 0.05) amongst different categories of age, breed, and season. The magnitude of otorrhoea showed a significant (p < 0.05) variation among different groups of gender, breed, and season. The proportional incidence of other diseases also varied significantly (p < 0.05) amongst either one or two studied determinants. This study provides a valuable insight about important diseases in dogs, which may serve as useful baseline information for disease prioritization and subsequent planning of effective control and prevention measures against those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammod Misbah Uddin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Talukder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Obaidul Islam
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Moumita Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Irtija Ahsan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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Vasiu I, Dąbrowski R, Tvarijonaviciute A. Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies-A neglected emergency in the bitch. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:208-230. [PMID: 33205498 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Vasiu
- Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Lejeune M, Gnani Charitha V, Mathivathani C, Rayulu VC, Bowman DD. Canine Toxocariosis: Its prevalence, incidence and occurrence in the Indian subcontinent. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 109:819-842. [PMID: 32381228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxocariosis is an important neglected tropical helminth disease of zoonotic significance for which canids are the definitive hosts. Dogs are also considered the sentinel host for the occurrence of T. canis infections in humans. Therefore, understanding its prevalence in canine population is imperative for any effective disease control in humans. A comprehensive review of literature on the prevalence of T. canis in canids was lacking from the Indian subcontinent which necessitated our efforts to compile available data published on this topic. Data on prevalence, incidence and occurrence of this helminths in canids were presented in this review as tabular format for easy comprehension. Moreover, the data were categorized based on the region where the studies were conducted with an aim to understand the spatial distribution of this parasite in the subcontinent. Factors influencing the regional prevalence/occurrence of T. canis such as type of canids (stray or pet), age, sex, breed, season and the choice of analytical methods were also discussed. In addition, data on the prevalence of T. canis in environmental samples and in zoo canids were also compiled and presented. We anticipate such an exhaustive review of literature available mostly in the journals published from the subcontinent would become a point source of information necessary for prioritizing future surveillance efforts in this region and for making informed policy decision to control this zoonotic helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Lejeune
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
| | - V Gnani Charitha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C Mathivathani
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary education and Research, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - V C Rayulu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dwight D Bowman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Xu D, Rappaport TS. Construction on teaching evaluation index system of track and field general course for physical education major in light of wireless network technology. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-179147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Xu
- Institute of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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Tagorti G. Disease prevalence among young dogs in Grand Tunis, Tunisia: A retrospective study. Vet World 2019; 12:489-495. [PMID: 31190703 PMCID: PMC6515819 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.489-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, and the distribution of the most common clinical conditions of young dogs encountered at the National School of Veterinary Medicine clinic, Tunisia, from September 2012 to July 2013, based on sex, age, breeds, and season variation. Materials and Methods: A total of 515 cases were examined, and 11 clinical conditions were recorded. Clinical examination was performed. X-ray examination and necropsy were carried out only when needed. Results: Of the 515, 298 cases (57.86%) were male, while 217 (42.14%) were female. The breed-wise difference in the occurrence of various health problems was statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant association was found between the occurrence of a disease and age. The commonly found clinical conditions were traumatic injuries (22.72%), ectoparasitic infections (20.58%), and gastroenteritis (13.40%). The occurrence of diseases was the highest (60.19%) in the wet season (September-February) followed by 39.81% in the dry season (March-July). Conclusion: The current study presents the first recorded data about the major clinical conditions of young dogs in Tunisia. These findings can be used to develop more effective disease management and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Tagorti
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Manouba University, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Strakova A, Murchison EP. The changing global distribution and prevalence of canine transmissible venereal tumour. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:168. [PMID: 25186078 PMCID: PMC4152766 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious cancer that is naturally transmitted between dogs by the allogeneic transfer of living cancer cells during coitus. CTVT first arose several thousand years ago and has been reported in dog populations worldwide; however, its precise distribution patterns and prevalence remain unclear. Results We analysed historical literature and obtained CTVT prevalence information from 645 veterinarians and animal health workers in 109 countries in order to estimate CTVT’s former and current global distribution and prevalence. This analysis confirmed that CTVT is endemic in at least 90 countries worldwide across all inhabited continents. CTVT is estimated to be present at a prevalence of one percent or more in dogs in at least 13 countries in South and Central America as well as in at least 11 countries in Africa and 8 countries in Asia. In the United States and Australia, CTVT was reported to be endemic only in remote indigenous communities. Comparison of current and historical reports of CTVT indicated that its prevalence has declined in Northern Europe, possibly due to changes in dog control laws during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Analysis of factors influencing CTVT prevalence showed that presence of free-roaming dogs was associated with increased CTVT prevalence, while dog spaying and neutering were associated with reduced CTVT prevalence. Our analysis indicated no gender bias for CTVT and we found no evidence that animals with CTVT frequently harbour concurrent infectious diseases. Vincristine was widely reported to be the most effective therapy for CTVT. Conclusions Our results provide a survey of the current global distribution of CTVT, confirming that CTVT is endemic in at least 90 countries worldwide. Additionally, our analysis highlights factors that continue to modify CTVT’s prevalence around the world and implicates free-roaming dogs as a reservoir for the disease. Our analysis also documents the disappearance of the disease from the United Kingdom during the twentieth century, which appears to have been an unintentional result of the introduction of dog control policies.
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