1
|
Mouttoucomarassamy S, Virk HS, Dharmalingam SN. Evaluation and health risk assessment of arsenic and potentially toxic elements pollution in groundwater of Majha Belt, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:208. [PMID: 38806960 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) like arsenic, uranium, iron, and nitrate in the groundwater of the Majha Belt (including Tarn Taran, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, and Pathankot districts) in Punjab, India were measured to evaluate the health risks associated with its consumption and daily use. The average concentrations of these elements in some locations exceeded the WHO-recommended values. Arsenic and iron toxicity levels were found to be higher in the Amritsar district, while uranium toxicity was more prevalent in Tarn Taran. The Trace Element Evaluation Index suggests that Amritsar is one of the districts most affected by toxic elements. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) guidelines, the HQ values of U, Fe, and nitrate were less than one, indicating that there is no non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children. However, the hazard quotient (HQ) value for arsenic was greater than one, indicating a higher possibility of health risk due to arsenic in the study area. The total hazard index values of 44.10% of samples were greater than four for arsenic, indicating that people in the Majha Belt are at a very high health risk due to the usage of water for drinking and domestic purposes. The cancer risk assessment values for arsenic in children (5.69E + 0) and adults (4.07E + 0) were higher than the accepted limit of USEPA (10-4 to 10-6) in the Majha Belt. The average radiological cancer risk values of U for children and adults were 8.68E-07 and 9.45E-06, respectively, which are well below the permissible limit of 1.67 × 10-4 suggested by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of DAE, India. The results of this study confirm that the residents of the Majha Belt who use contaminated groundwater are at a serious risk of exposure to arsenic in the Amritsar district and uranium in Tarn Taran district.
Collapse
|
2
|
Benderev A, Trayanova M, Tarassov M, Tarassova E. Conditions and processes of precipitation of iron compounds upon discharge of high-mineralized artesian water from artesian borehole R-30, Staro Oryahovo, Bulgaria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2235-2251. [PMID: 34762255 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The artesian borehole R-30-Staro Oryahovo with total depth of 1740 m gives waters of chlorine-sodium type with a mineralization of 31 g/L from formations of Paleogene age. These waters contain high concentrations of iron and because of this, intense precipitation of iron compounds takes place at and around the wellhead. To clarify the ongoing processes, samples of precipitates and overflow water were taken. It was shown that the predominant form of iron in the water before reaching the surface is Fe2+-85-90% and FeCl+-4-11%. The calculated saturation index for a number of Fe2+-containing minerals showed that hydroxides and sulfates of Fe2+ are the possible candidates for sources of iron in the water. The reductive dissolution of wide spread Fe3+-containing minerals (hematite, goethite) was assumed as a possible alternative process releasing Fe2+ into water. At the surface, due to the contacts with the atmospheric oxygen, the environment is sharply changed to oxidizing one thus forming a geochemical barrier and causing mass precipitation of Fe3+ oxides. Simultaneous Fe2+ oxidation, hydrolysis of Fe3+ and co-precipitation with silica and other components are assumed as the major processes causing the formation of low-crystalline Si-containing ferrihydrite or ferrihydrite-like phase. After formation, the precipitated gels due to the processes of aging and continued interaction with the outflowing water have suffered the further change including the formation of goethite. It was shown that due to the intensive precipitation processes, the iron migration to the surface is limited to a very small area and does not affect adjacent agricultural territories with Fe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Benderev
- Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G, Bonchev Str. 24, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Mila Trayanova
- Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G, Bonchev Str. 24, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mihail Tarassov
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G, Bonchev Str. 107, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eugenia Tarassova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G, Bonchev Str. 107, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sudsandee S, Fakkaew K, Siriratruengsuk W, Worakhunpiset S, Apidechkul T. Quality of sources of drinking water and health among the hill tribe people of northern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:873-892. [PMID: 34114160 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poor-quality drinking water can cause numerous health problems, particularly for people who are living with poor economic conditions, have a low educational status and have limited access to safe drinking water, such as the hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to assess the quality of different sources of natural drinking water from the hill tribe villages in northern Thailand. Seventy-two drinking water samples from the hill tribe villages were collected and tested for biological, chemical and physical qualities, which were compared with the standard parameter values for safe drinking water according to the World Health Organization. Total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria, which represented the biological parameters, were detected in all samples. The physical parameters, which consisted of turbidity (36.1%), iron content (5.5%), color (2.7%) and pH (2.7%), exceeded the standard indications. However, the hazard quotient and hazard index values were less than 1. The hill tribe people are facing the problem of poor-quality drinking water, particularly in terms of biological and physical parameters that exceed the standard values. An effective program for improving access to safe water for the hill tribe people should be developed and implemented immediately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suntorn Sudsandee
- Environmental Health Program, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Krailak Fakkaew
- Environmental Health Program, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Weerayuth Siriratruengsuk
- Environmental Health Program, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Suwalee Worakhunpiset
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Environmental Health Program, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for the Hill-Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma GK, Jena RK, Ray P, Yadav KK, Moharana PC, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Bordoloi G. Evaluating the geochemistry of groundwater contamination with iron and manganese and probabilistic human health risk assessment in endemic areas of the world's largest River Island, India. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103690. [PMID: 34144184 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are harmful for human health, if present in a higher concentration, particularly in groundwater. The results of the study revealed that the concentration of Fe and Mn exceeded the WHO guideline for safe drinking water in 88 % and 74 % of groundwater samples, respectively. The non-carcinogenic health risk as assessed through computation of hazard quotient (HQ) due to intake of Fe and Mn contaminated groundwater was found much higher for children and adults. The values of HQ were recorded up to 1.96 for children and 1.52 for adult in case of Fe; and up to 2.13 for children and 1.61 for adult associated with Mn. On the basis of occurrence and spatial distribution of Fe and Mn in groundwater, the study area was delineated under high, elevated and low risk zone for priority attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar Sharma
- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India; Indian Institue of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, 324002, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Roomesh Kumar Jena
- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Ray
- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India.
| | | | - Marina M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gitimoni Bordoloi
- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Various Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Responsible for Water Quality Degradation: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of sustainability issues around water resource consumption is gaining traction under global warming and land utilization complexities. These concerns increase the challenge of gaining an appropriate comprehension of the anthropogenic activities and natural processes, as well as how they influence the quality of surface water and groundwater systems. The characteristics of water resources cause difficulties in the comprehensive assessment regarding the source types, pathways, and pollutants behaviors. As the behavior and prediction of widely known contaminants in the water resources remain challenging, some new issues have developed regarding heavy metal pollutants. The main aim of this review is to focus on certain essential pollutants’ discharge from anthropogenic activities categorized based on land-use sectors such as industrial applications (solid/liquid wastes, chemical compounds, mining activities, spills, and leaks), urban development (municipal wastes, land use practices, and others), and agricultural practices (pesticides and fertilizers). Further, important pollutants released from natural processes classified based on climate change, natural disasters, geological factors, soil/matrix, and hyporheic exchange in the aquatic environment, are also discussed. Moreover, this study addresses the major inorganic substances (nitrogen, fluoride, and heavy metals concentrations). This study also emphasizes the necessity of transdisciplinary research and cross-border communication to achieve sustainable water quality using sound science, adaptable legislation, and management systems.
Collapse
|
6
|
Adeyeye O, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Liang X. State, source and triggering mechanism of iron and manganese pollution in groundwater of Changchun, Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:619. [PMID: 32885322 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present state of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentration in groundwater of Changchun city located within the Songnen Plain of northeastern China was evaluated in this study. Heavy metal sources, as well as triggering mechanism, were analyzed using a physicochemical, statistical and spatial approach. Results revealed that out of the 2600 samples analyzed, 214 (representing 8.24%) for Fe and 606 wells (representing 23.34%) for Mn exceeded the water standard. Organic matter-rich sediments and Fe-Mn nodules in aquifer and soil serve as sources of Fe and Mn. Organic and inorganic complex formations, as well as long residence time, were found to foster the release of Fe and Mn into groundwater. Additionally, pH and well depth was important in triggering Mn dissolution while groundwater mineralization, depth to the water table and well proximity to the river were found to have minimal/negligible effect on heavy metal mobilization. The removal of Fe and Mn from the water before use was proposed along with the sinking of deeper wells for groundwater exploitation to limit the use of polluted water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeyeye
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Global Geosolutionz, Typesetters Biz Complex, Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810107, Nigeria
| | - Changlai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiujuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, 130021, China.
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ayash MAEAA, Elnasr TAS, Soliman MH. Removing Iron Ions Contaminants from Groundwater Using Modified Nano-Hydroxyapatite by Nano Manganese Oxide. JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCE AND PROTECTION 2019; 11:789-809. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2019.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|