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Fang L, Lin G, Li Y, Lin Q, Lou H, Lin M, Hu Y, Xie A, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhang L. Genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky and London recovered from food and human salmonellosis in Zhejiang Province, China (2016–2021). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961739. [PMID: 36060737 PMCID: PMC9437622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing human salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky and London has raised serious concerns. To better understand possible health risks, insights were provided into specific genetic traits and antimicrobial resistance of 88 representative isolates from human and food sources in Zhejiang Province, China, during 2016–2021. Phylogenomic analysis revealed consistent clustering of isolates into the respective serovar or sequence types, and identified plausible interhost transmission via distinct routes. Each serovar exhibited remarkable diversity in host range and disease-causing potential by cgMLST analyses, and approximately half (48.6%, 17/35) of the food isolates were phylogenetically indistinguishable to those of clinical isolates in the same region. S. London and S. Kentucky harbored serovar-specific virulence genes contributing to their functions in pathogenesis. The overall resistance genotypes correlated with 97.7% sensitivity and 60.2% specificity to the identified phenotypes. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, tetracycline, ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, as well as multidrug resistance, was common. High-level dual resistance to ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins in S. Kentucky ST198 isolates highlights evolving threats of antibiotic resistance. These findings underscored the necessity for the development of effective strategies to mitigate the risk of food contamination by Salmonella host-restricted serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guankai Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiange Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihuang Lou
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Airong Xie
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiancang Zhou
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
- Leyi Zhang
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Bosilevac JM, Zhilyaev S, Wang R, Luedtke BE, Wheeler TL, Koohmaraie M. Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Present during Veal Harvest. J Food Prot 2019; 82:775-784. [PMID: 30986365 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Beef and veal products have been vehicles implicated in the transmission of Salmonella enterica, a gastroenteritis-causing bacteria. Recent regulatory samples collected from veal have indicated bob veal, or calves harvested within days of birth, have higher rates of Salmonella than samples collected from formula-fed veal, or calves raised 20 weeks on milk replacer formula before harvest. To investigate this problem, we collected samples from veal calf hides, preevisceration carcasses, and final carcasses at five veal processors that harvested bob or formula-fed veal or both. Prevalence and concentrations of Salmonella were determined, and then the isolates were characterized for serovar and antibiotic susceptibility. Salmonella was more prevalent (P < 0.05) among bob veal than formula-fed veal hides, preevisceration carcasses, and final carcass (84.2 versus 15.6%, 62.8 versus 10.1%, and 12.0 versus 0.4%, respectively). Concentrations of Salmonella could be estimated by using regression order statistics on hides and preevisceration carcasses at two veal plants, with one harvesting bob veal and the other bob and formula-fed veal. The concentration of Salmonella on bob veal hides at the plants was 1.45 ± 0.70 and 2.04 ± 1.00 log CFU/100 cm2, greater (P < 0.05) than on formula-fed veal hides, which was 1.10 ± 1.51 log CFU/100 cm2. Concentrations on carcasses, however, were very low. Seventeen Salmonella serovars were identified among 710 isolates. Salmonella serovars London, Cerro, and Muenster were most common to bob veal and made up 50.7, 18.7, and 6.3% of the isolates, respectively, while serovar Montevideo (6.8% of isolates) was most common to formula-fed veal. Although bob veal had increased prevalence and concentrations of Salmonella, one group of formula-fed veal was found to harbor human disease-related antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and the monophasic variant of Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-). Veal processors have made changes to improve the safety of veal, but further efforts are necessary from both bob and formula-fed veal to address Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Bosilevac
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-6581 [J.M.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1924-3275 [R.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.])
| | - Samson Zhilyaev
- 2 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Rong Wang
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-6581 [J.M.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1924-3275 [R.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.])
| | - Brandon E Luedtke
- 3 University of Nebraska Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, Nebraska 68849 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-3270 [B.E.L.])
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-6581 [J.M.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1924-3275 [R.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.])
| | - Mohammad Koohmaraie
- 4 IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, USA
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Adzitey F, Rusul G, Huda N. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars in ducks, duck rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim S. Salmonella serovars from foodborne and waterborne diseases in Korea, 1998-2007: total isolates decreasing versus rare serovars emerging. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1693-9. [PMID: 21165281 PMCID: PMC2995220 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.12.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica has been one of the most widespread foodborne pathogens in Korea. Between 1998 and 2007, a total of 9,472 Salmonella isolates were identified from foodborne and waterborne illness patients. During that time, Korea was transitioning into a developed country in industry as well as in its hygiene system. Although the isolation number of total Salmonella including serovar Typhi has decreased since 1999, the isolation of rare Salmonella serovars has emerged. Three most prevalent serovars during 1998-2007 were S. enterica Typhi, S. enterica Enteritidis, and S. enterica Typhimurium. There were remarkable outbreaks caused by rare serovars such as S. enterica Othmarschen, S. enterica London and S. enterica Paratyphi A, and overseas traveler-associated infections caused by S. enterica Weltevreden and S. enterica Anatum. Salmonella serovars from overseas travelers made a diverse Salmonella serovar pool in Korea. This study is the first review of the status of the human Salmonella infection trend in a developing country during 1998-2007. Newly emerging rare Salmonella serovars should be traced and investigated to control new type pathogens in the developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukho Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea.
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Shipp GM, Dickson JS. The establishment of Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella London in a new dairy farm environment. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 8:411-20. [PMID: 21117985 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are important zoonotic pathogens in humans and animals. A longitudinal study was conducted at the Iowa State University's campus (at the Dairy/Animal Science Education and Discovery Facility) to observe change in Enterobacteriaceae (specifically Salmonella) before and after the placement of dairy livestock. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated environmental changes of Gram-negative organisms in a new dairy farm environment. Environmental samples were taken using drag swabs and immediately processed in the laboratory using phenotypic methods (replica plating, the BBL Crystal Identification System for enteric/nonfermenter organisms™, and plating on specialized media/broths). Genotypic methods were also used (BAX PCR™ and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). Organisms identified as Salmonella were sent to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory (Ames, IA) for confirmatory serotyping. Resistance to antibiotics (ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline) was determined by replica plating of Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella isolates using the guidelines of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The microflora of Enterobacteriaceae changed as cattle were introduced and as time progressed. Additionally, multidrug-resistant isolates began to appear immediately after cattle were introduced (multidrug-resistant isolates were rare prior to introduction of livestock). Variables such as temperature and humidity did not affect the proliferation of bacterial organisms. Seventeen Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella London and three isolates as Salmonella Montevideo. Based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-generated dendrograms, it is likely that 17 Salmonella London isolates and 3 Salmonella Montevideo isolates are clonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger M Shipp
- Department of Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Kim S, Kim SH, Chun SG, Choi ES, Lee BK. Prevalence ofSalmonellaSerovars Isolated from Domestic Residents and Overseas Travelers in Korea, 2004~2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2006.36.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shukho Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hun Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Guen Chun
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bok-Kwon Lee
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
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Yong D, Lim YS, Yum JH, Lee H, Lee K, Kim EC, Lee BK, Chong Y. Nosocomial outbreak of pediatric gastroenteritis caused by CTX-M-14-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of Salmonella enterica serovar London. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3519-21. [PMID: 16000495 PMCID: PMC1169098 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3519-3521.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CTX-M-14-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was first detected in Salmonella enterica serovar London strains which were isolated from three hospitalized pediatric patients with gastroenteritis. The isolates had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns identical to those of the previously isolated antimicrobial-susceptible strains from community-acquired gastroenteritis, suggesting the susceptible clone acquired the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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