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Zou M, He DM, Xu J, Cheng Q, Ouyang FZ, Chen LY, Chen QF, Ke CW, Ke BX. [Etiological characterization of invasive non-typhoid Salmonella strains in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:520-528. [PMID: 38678347 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230809-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the serotype distribution, drug resistance and molecular characterization of invasive non-typhoid Salmonella (iNTS) in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022 and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of blood flow infection caused by Salmonella. Methods: Serological identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and whole genome sequencing were performed on Salmonella isolated from blood and stool samples in Guangdong from 2018 to 2022. Simultaneously, annotated the sequencing results for drug resistance genes and virulence factors by a microbial gene annotation system. Results: The 136 iNTS strains were divided into 25 serotypes, and Salmonella enteritidis accounted for 38.24% (52/136). The OR of other iNTS serotypes were calculated with Salmonella typhimurium as the control. The OR values of Oreninburg, Rysson, and Pomona serotypes were the highest, which were 423.50, 352.92, and 211.75, respectively. The drug resistance rate of iNTS was 0.74%-66.91%, which was lower than that of non-iNTS (3.90%-77.21%). The main iNTS of drug resistance were ampicillin and tetracycline, with resistance rates of 66.91% (91/136) and 50.00% (68/136), respectively, while the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (5.88%,8/136), ceftazidime (5.88%,8/136), gentamicin (5.13%,7/136) and cefoxitin (0.74%, 1/136) were relatively low. iNTS carried a variety of drug-resistance genes and virulence factors, but no standard virulence factor distribution has been found. MLST cluster analysis showed that iNTS was divided into 26 sequence types, and ST11 accounted for 38.24% (52/136). Conclusions: The iNTS strains in Guangdong were dominated by Salmonella enteritidis, of which three serotypes, Oreninburg, Rison, and Pomona, may be associated with a higher risk of invasive infection during 2018 to 2022. iNTS was sensitive to clinical first-line therapeutic drugs (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones), with highly diverse sequences and clear phylogenetic branches. ST11 was the local dominant clone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - D M He
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - J Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - Q Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - F Z Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - L Y Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - Q F Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C W Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
| | - B X Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangzhou 510080,China
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Drauch V, Kornschober C, Palmieri N, Hess M, Hess C. Infection dynamics of Salmonella Infantis strains displaying different genetic backgrounds - with or without pESI-like plasmid - vary considerably. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1471-1480. [PMID: 34197273 PMCID: PMC8300933 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1951124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne infections with Salmonella are among the most common causes of human diseases worldwide, and infections with the serovar Infantis are becoming increasingly important. So far, diverse phenotypes and genotypes of S. Infantis have been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the infection dynamics of two different S. Infantis strains in broilers. For this purpose, 15 birds were infected on day 2 of life with 108 CFU/ml of a pESI+ or a pESI- S. Infantis strain, respectively. Ten uninfected birds served as in-contact birds to monitor transmission. In both groups, an increase of infection was observed from 7 days of age onwards, reaching its peak at 28 days. However, the pESI+ strain proved significantly more virulent being re-isolated from most cloacal swabs and organs by direct plating. In contrast, the pESI- strain could be re-isolated from cloacal swabs and caeca only when enrichment was applied. Although the excretion of this strain was limited, the transmission level to in-contact birds was similar to the pESI+ strain. Differences in infection dynamics were also reflected in the antibody response: whereas the pESI+ strain provoked a significant increase in antibodies, antibody levels following infection with the pESI- strain remained in the range of negative control birds. The actual findings provide for the first time evidence of S. Infantis strain-specific infectivity in broilers and confirm previous observations in the field regarding differences in persistence on farms and resistance against disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Drauch
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicola Palmieri
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Qu M, Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang X, Jia L, Lyu B, Wang QY. [Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Kentucky in Beijing, 2010-2020]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1252-1259. [PMID: 34814540 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20201206-01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of Salmonella (S.) Kentucky strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Beijing. Methods: The drug susceptibility of 22 S. Kentucky strains isolated in Beijing during 2010-2020 was tested by using the micro broth dilution method. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST), drug resistance genes and Salmonella genomic island (SGI) identifications of the strains were performed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS).The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the isolates. Results: The 22 strains were highly resistant to 8-22 kinds of antibiotics, especially to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins and azithromycin, etc., showing a super high level of multidrug resistance and 21 strains were positive for extended-spetrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The WGS analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to ST198, carrying SGI1-K. The drug resistance genes tetA, sul1 and qacE were identified in all strains and Quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) showed 2 mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87 N) and 3 mutations in the parC gene (T57S, S80I, T255S). The resistance genes associated with β-lactam antibiotics (blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-14b, blaTEM-141, blaTEM-206, blaTEM-209, blaTEM-214, blaTEM-1B), resistance genes associated with aminoglycosides [aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Iaa, aadA7, aadA17, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id,rmtB] as well as floR, dfrA14, mphA and qnrS1 had significant differences in the strains of different years, which were highly consistent with the drug-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of the 22 strains was more than 85%, and the strains were highly homologous to CIP-resistant ST198-X1 circulating in the world. In the process of spread, the drug resistance and PFGE spectrums had changed, two clusters had formed. Conclusions: The S. Kentucky strains isolated in Beijing shared high homology with the multidrug-resistant strain ST198-X1-SGI-1K isolated in the world, which has maintained a low level of spread since 2016, causing sporadic infections and clusters of diarrhea, and has serious resistances to fluoroquinolones, ESBLs and azithromycin. The surveillance for multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y Tian
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - L Jia
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - B Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
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Makalatia K, Kakabadze E, Bakuradze N, Grdzelishvili N, Stamp B, Herman E, Tapinos A, Coffey A, Lee D, Papadopoulos NG, Robertson DL, Chanishvili N, Megremis S. Investigation of Salmonella Phage-Bacteria Infection Profiles: Network Structure Reveals a Gradient of Target-Range from Generalist to Specialist Phage Clones in Nested Subsets. Viruses 2021; 13:1261. [PMID: 34203492 PMCID: PMC8310288 DOI: 10.3390/v13071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages that lyse Salmonella enterica are potential tools to target and control Salmonella infections. Investigating the host range of Salmonella phages is a key to understand their impact on bacterial ecology, coevolution and inform their use in intervention strategies. Virus-host infection networks have been used to characterize the "predator-prey" interactions between phages and bacteria and provide insights into host range and specificity. Here, we characterize the target-range and infection profiles of 13 Salmonella phage clones against a diverse set of 141 Salmonella strains. The environmental source and taxonomy contributed to the observed infection profiles, and genetically proximal phages shared similar infection profiles. Using in vitro infection data, we analyzed the structure of the Salmonella phage-bacteria infection network. The network has a non-random nested organization and weak modularity suggesting a gradient of target-range from generalist to specialist species with nested subsets, which are also observed within and across the different phage infection profile groups. Our results have implications for our understanding of the coevolutionary mechanisms shaping the ecological interactions between Salmonella phages and their bacterial hosts and can inform strategies for targeting Salmonella enterica with specific phage preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Makalatia
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (K.M.); (E.K.); (N.B.); (N.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Teaching University Geomedi, Tbilisi 0114, Georgia
| | - Elene Kakabadze
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (K.M.); (E.K.); (N.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Nata Bakuradze
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (K.M.); (E.K.); (N.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Nino Grdzelishvili
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (K.M.); (E.K.); (N.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Ben Stamp
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (B.S.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Ezra Herman
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Avraam Tapinos
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9GB, UK;
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (A.C.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (A.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - David L. Robertson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (B.S.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (K.M.); (E.K.); (N.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9GB, UK;
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Ding J, Lin Q, Zhang J, Young GM, Jiang C, Zhong Y, Zhang J. Rapid identification of pathogens by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multi-scale convolutional neural network. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3801-3811. [PMID: 33961103 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a prevalent pathogen causing serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are over 2600 serovars of Salmonella. Among them, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Paratyphi were reported to be the most common foodborne pathogenic serovars in the EU and China. In order to provide a more efficient approach to detect and distinguish these serovars, a new analytical method was developed by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN). We prepared 34-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the label-free Raman substrate, measured 1854 SERS spectra of these three Salmonella serovars, and then proposed a multi-scale CNN model with three parallel CNNs to achieve multi-dimensional extraction of SERS spectral features. We observed the impact of the number of iterations and training samples on the recognition accuracy by changing the ratio of the number of the training and testing sets. By comparing the calculated data with experimental one, it was shown that our model could reach recognition accuracy more than 97%. These results indicate that it was not only feasible to combine SERS spectroscopy with multi-scale CNN for Salmonella serotype identification, but also for other pathogen species and serovar identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qingqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Research of Design and Electromagnetic Compatibility of High-Speed Electronic System, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Research of Design and Electromagnetic Compatibility of High-Speed Electronic System, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Glenn M Young
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Research of Design and Electromagnetic Compatibility of High-Speed Electronic System, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Baert L, Gimonet J, Barretto C, Fournier C, Jagadeesan B. Genetic changes are introduced by repeated exposure of Salmonella spiked in low water activity and high fat matrix to heat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8144. [PMID: 33854082 PMCID: PMC8046991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
WGS is used to define if isolates are "in" or "out" of an outbreak and/or microbial root cause investigation. No threshold of genetic differences is fixed and the conclusions on similarity between isolates are mainly based on the knowledge generated from previous outbreak investigations and reported mutation rates. Mutation rates in Salmonella when exposed to food processing conditions are lacking. Thus, in this study, the ability of heat and dry stress to cause genetic changes in two Salmonella serotypes frequently isolated from low moisture foods was investigated. S. enterica serovars S. Agona ATCC 51,957 and S. Mbandaka NCTC 7892 (ATCC 51,958) were repeatedly exposed to heat (90 °C for 5 min) in a low water activity and high fat matrix. No increased fitness of the strains was observed after 10 repeated heat treatments. However, genetic changes were introduced and the number of genetic differences increased with every heat treatment cycle. The genetic changes appeared randomly in the genome and were responsible for a population of diverse isolates with 0 to 28 allelic differences (0 to 38 SNPs) between them. This knowledge is key to interpret WGS results for source tracking investigations as part of a root cause analysis in a contamination event as isolates are exposed to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Baert
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johan Gimonet
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barretto
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Fournier
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Buytaers FE, Saltykova A, Mattheus W, Verhaegen B, Roosens NHC, Vanneste K, Laisnez V, Hammami N, Pochet B, Cantaert V, Marchal K, Denayer S, De Keersmaecker SC. Application of a strain-level shotgun metagenomics approach on food samples: resolution of the source of a Salmonella food-borne outbreak. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000547. [PMID: 33826490 PMCID: PMC8208685 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-borne outbreak investigation currently relies on the time-consuming and challenging bacterial isolation from food, to be able to link food-derived strains to more easily obtained isolates from infected people. When no food isolate can be obtained, the source of the outbreak cannot be unambiguously determined. Shotgun metagenomics approaches applied to the food samples could circumvent this need for isolation from the suspected source, but require downstream strain-level data analysis to be able to accurately link to the human isolate. Until now, this approach has not yet been applied outside research settings to analyse real food-borne outbreak samples. In September 2019, a Salmonella outbreak occurred in a hotel school in Bruges, Belgium, affecting over 200 students and teachers. Following standard procedures, the Belgian National Reference Center for human salmonellosis and the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella in food and feed used conventional analysis based on isolation, serotyping and MLVA (multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis) comparison, followed by whole-genome sequencing, to confirm the source of the contamination over 2 weeks after receipt of the sample, which was freshly prepared tartar sauce in a meal cooked at the school. Our team used this outbreak as a case study to deliver a proof of concept for a short-read strain-level shotgun metagenomics approach for source tracking. We received two suspect food samples: the full meal and some freshly made tartar sauce served with this meal, requiring the use of raw eggs. After analysis, we could prove, without isolation, that Salmonella was present in both samples, and we obtained an inferred genome of a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis that could be linked back to the human isolates of the outbreak in a phylogenetic tree. These metagenomics-derived outbreak strains were separated from sporadic cases as well as from another outbreak circulating in Europe at the same time period. This is, to our knowledge, the first Salmonella food-borne outbreak investigation uniquely linking the food source using a metagenomics approach and this in a fast time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence E. Buytaers
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Assia Saltykova
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- National Reference Center for Salmonella and Shigella spp., Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bavo Verhaegen
- National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella and Food-Borne Infections, Food-Borne Pathogens, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Brigitte Pochet
- Federal Agency for the Security of the Food Chain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Cantaert
- Federal Agency for the Security of the Food Chain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Information Technology, IDlab, IMEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sarah Denayer
- National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella and Food-Borne Infections, Food-Borne Pathogens, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Makalatia K, Kakabadze E, Wagemans J, Grdzelishvili N, Bakuradze N, Natroshvili G, Macharashvili N, Sedrakyan A, Arakelova K, Ktsoyan Z, Zakharyan M, Gevorgyan Z, Mnatsakanyan A, Tishkova F, Lood C, Vandenheuvel D, Lavigne R, Pirnay JP, De Vos D, Chanishvili N, Merabishvili M. Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Various Geographical Regions of the Caucasus and Their Susceptibility to Bacteriophages. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121418. [PMID: 33321823 PMCID: PMC7764154 DOI: 10.3390/v12121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella present a major threat to animal and human health as food-borne infectious agents. We characterized 91 bacterial isolates from Armenia and Georgia in detail, using a suite of assays including conventional microbiological methods, determining antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, serotyping (using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme) and genotyping (repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR)). No less than 61.5% of the isolates were shown to be multidrug-resistant. A new antimicrobial treatment strategy is urgently needed. Phage therapy, the therapeutic use of (bacterio-) phages, the bacterial viruses, to treat bacterial infections, is increasingly put forward as an additional tool for combatting antibiotic resistant infections. Therefore, we used this representative set of well-characterized Salmonella isolates to analyze the therapeutic potential of eleven single phages and selected phage cocktails from the bacteriophage collection of the Eliava Institute (Georgia). All isolates were shown to be susceptible to at least one of the tested phage clones or their combinations. In addition, genome sequencing of these phages revealed them as members of existing phage genera (Felixounavirus, Seunavirus, Viunavirus and Tequintavirus) and did not show genome-based counter indications towards their applicability against non-typhoidal Salmonella in a phage therapy or in an agro-food setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Makalatia
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elene Kakabadze
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Nino Grdzelishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Department of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Nata Bakuradze
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Gulnara Natroshvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Nino Macharashvili
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases and AIDS Center, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia;
| | - Anahit Sedrakyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Karine Arakelova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zhanna Ktsoyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Magdalina Zakharyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zaruhi Gevorgyan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Armine Mnatsakanyan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Nork Infectious Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0047, Armenia;
| | - Farida Tishkova
- Virology Laboratory, Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine, 734025 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;
| | - Cédric Lood
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maia Merabishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
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AKINOLA STEPHENABIOLA, TSHIMPAMBA MPINDAEDOAURD, MWANZA MULUNDA, ATEBA COLLINSNJIE. Biofilm Production Potential of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Chickens in North West Province, South Africa. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:427-439. [PMID: 33574871 PMCID: PMC7812364 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have recently gained considerable interest in the food production and medical industries due to their ability to resist destruction by disinfectants and other antimicrobials. Biofilms are extracellular polymer matrices that may enhance the survival of pathogens even when exposed to environmental stress. The effect of incubation temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C) and Salmonella serotype on biofilm-forming potentials was evaluated. Previously typed Salmonella serotypes (55) isolated from the gut of chickens were accessed for biofilms formation using a standard assay. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028TM and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076TM (positive controls), Escherichia coli (internal control) and un-inoculated Luria Bertani (LB) broth (negative control) were used. The isolates formed no biofilm (11.86-13.56%), weak (11.86-45.76%), moderate (18.64-20.34%), strong biofilms (23.73-54.24%) across the various temperatures investigated. Serotypes, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Weltevreden were the strongest biofilm formers at temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C, respectively). The potential of a large proportion (80%) of Salmonella serotypes to form biofilms increased with increasing incubation temperatures but decreased at 40°C. Findings indicate that average temperature favours biofilm formation by Salmonella serotypes. However, the influence of incubation temperature on biofilm formation was greater when compared to serotype. A positive correlation exists between Salmonella biofilm formed at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C (p ≥ 0.01). The ability of Salmonella species to form biofilms at 25°C and 37°C suggests that these serotypes may present severe challenges to food-processing and hospital facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- STEPHEN ABIOLA AKINOLA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - MPINDA EDOAURD TSHIMPAMBA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - MULUNDA MWANZA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - COLLINS NJIE ATEBA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Torrez Lamberti MF, López FE, Valdez P, Bianchi A, Barrionuevo Medina E, Pescaretti MDLM, Delgado MA. Epidemiological study of prevalent pathogens in the Northwest region of Argentina (NWA). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240404. [PMID: 33048937 PMCID: PMC7553278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Northwest Argentina (NWA) is a poor economic-geographical region, with the highest rate of diarrhea diseases. At the moment, there are no reports showing the epidemiological status of this region that would allow to establish methods for prevention and control of these infections and to indicate of the prevalent pathogen that produces them. Therefore we carried out an epidemiological study of the gastroenteritis etiological agents and their incidence in the pediatric population. A total of 17 823 fecal samples were collected, 14 242 from HNJ-Tuc, 2,257 from CePSI-Stgo and 1,324 from HINEP-Cat. In 2,595 samples a bacterial agent was identified, the 93.64% corresponded to Shigella/Salmonella clinical isolates. Shigella genus was the prevalent pathogen, being Shigella flexneri 2 the most frequent serotype. Most of the Shigella clinical isolates presented themselves as multidrug-resistant (MDR), harboring 2 to 3 genetic resistance determinants. 50% of the affected patients were children under 4 years old. Here, we demonstrate that bacterial gastrointestinal diseases strongly affect the health of NWA population. The appearance of epidemic outbreaks, as happened during 2014, suggest that they may be related to the socio-economic poverty of NWA. Recently, Shigella flexneri 2 has become the highest NWA´s incidence infectious agent. The acquisition of new antibiotic resistance determinants may play an important role in their adaptation and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Florencia Torrez Lamberti
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fabián Enrique López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Patricia Valdez
- Hospital Interzonal de Niños Eva Perón (HINEP), San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Ana Bianchi
- Centro Provincial de Salud Infantil “Eva Perón” (CePSI), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | | | - María de las Mercedes Pescaretti
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mónica Alejandra Delgado
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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11
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Bataller E, García-Romero E, Llobat L, Lizana V, Jiménez-Trigos E. Dogs as a source of Salmonella spp. in apparently healthy dogs in the Valencia Region. Could it be related with intestinal lactic acid bacteria? BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:268. [PMID: 32746827 PMCID: PMC7398315 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although salmonellosis is considered one of the most important food-borne zoonotic diseases in Europe, close contact between dogs and their owners can also be a potential source of Salmonella spp. for humans. This study assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in apparently healthy dogs in the Valencian Region, eastern Spain. Moreover, a macroscopic comparison of lactic acid bacteria in both Salmonella-positive and Salmonella-negative dogs was carried out. RESULTS Of a total of 325 dogs sampled, 6 (1.85%) were positive for Salmonella spp. with 3 different serotypes, Havana (3), Mikawasima (2) and monophasic Typhimurium (1). All isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested except monophasic S. Typhimurium, which was resistant to ampicillin. Finally, macroscopic results revealed that lactic acid bacteria had higher heterogeneity in the Salmonella-negative dogs than in the Salmonella-positive dogs. Although the results in our study showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp., raw food has been suggested as a risk factor for bacteria in dog faeces. CONCLUSIONS Public awareness campaigns on good hygiene practices, especially after handling canine faeces or raw food, are necessary. Furthermore, to reduce the potential transmission of bacteria, dogs should be fed food that has been properly cooked, as raw or undercooked food can be a source of zoonotic pathogens. Moreover, further studies must be performed to determine the relationship between lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella spp. in dog faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bataller
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, València, Spain.
| | - E García-Romero
- Grupo Sanidad de Rumiantes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, C/ Campus Universitario 7, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Llobat
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, València, Spain
| | - V Lizana
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici V, Travessera del Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-Trigos
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, València, Spain.
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Xu X, Chen Y, Pan H, Pang Z, Li F, Peng X, Ed-dra A, Li Y, Yue M. Genomic characterization of Salmonella Uzaramo for human invasive infection. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000401. [PMID: 32589568 PMCID: PMC7478631 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is composed of a wide variety of serovars, causing human self-limited gastrointestinal illnesses or invasive infections. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is well documented, with high mortality for children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa and has recently been reported in Southeast Asia. However, iNTS in China remains unknown. In May 2019, a case of invasive infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Uzaramo (S. Uzaramo) was reported for the first time in China. Phylogenomic analysis was performed by genomic sequencing the available contextualized isolates, which separated the two Chinese strains into different sublineages. Both phenotypic and genomic characterization demonstrated that the S. Uzaramo isolates showed in general low antimicrobial resistance potential, except one isolated from lake-water in China. Additional comparative genomic analysis and Caenorhabditis elegans killing assays suggested a unique combination of virulence factors, including typhoid toxin and tcf fimbrial adhesin, which might play a role in the invasive infection. This study highlights that the transparency of global surveillance genomic data could accelerate understanding of virulence and antimicrobial resistance makeup of a previously unknown threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Xu
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Panzhihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Hang Pan
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zaiyuan Pang
- Panzhihua Municipal Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianqi Peng
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-dra
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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13
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Phoba MF, Barbé B, Ley B, Van Puyvelde S, Post A, Mattheus W, Deborggraeve S, Lunguya O, Jacobs J. High genetic similarity between non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from paired blood and stool samples of children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008377. [PMID: 32614856 PMCID: PMC7331982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis are a major cause of bloodstream infections in children in sub-Saharan Africa but their reservoir is unknown. We compared pairs of NTS blood and stool isolates (with the same NTS serotype recovered in the same patient) for genetic similarity. METHODS Between November 2013 and April 2017, hospital-admitted children (29 days to 14 years) with culture-confirmed NTS bloodstream infections were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at Kisantu Hospital, DR Congo. Stool cultures for Salmonella were performed on a subset of enrolled children, as well as on a control group of non-febrile hospital-admitted children. Pairs of blood and stool NTS isolates were assessed for genetic similarity by multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats (MLVA) and genomics analysis. RESULTS A total of 299 children with NTS grown from blood cultures (Typhimurium 68.6%, Enteritidis 30.4%, other NTS 1.0%) had a stool sample processed; in 105 (35.1%) of them NTS was detected (Typhimurium 70.5%, Enteritidis 25.7%, other NTS 3.8%). A total of 87/105 (82.9%) pairs of blood and stool NTS isolates were observed (representing 29.1% of the 299 children). Among 1598 controls, the proportion of NTS stool excretion was 2.1% (p < 0.0001). MLVA types among paired isolates were identical in 82/87 (94.3%) pairs (27.4% of the 299 children; 61/66 (92.4%) in Typhimurium and 21/21 (100%) in Enteritidis pairs). Genomics analysis confirmed high genetic similarity within 41/43 (95.3%) pairs, showing a median SNP difference of 1 (range 0-77) and 1 (range 0-4) for Typhimurium and Enteritidis pairs respectively. Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates belonged to sequence types ST313 lineage II and ST11 respectively. CONCLUSION Nearly 30% of children with NTS bloodstream infection showed stool excretion of an NTS isolate with high genetic similarity, adding to the evidence of humans as a potential reservoir for NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Phoba
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Barbara Barbé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annelies Post
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- Department of Human Bacterial Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn Deborggraeve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Arkali A, Çetinkaya B. Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella species isolated from chickens in eastern Turkey. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:205. [PMID: 32560721 PMCID: PMC7304202 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative data about the frequency, genotypic characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella agents in chicken flocks located in eastern Turkey. RESULTS Feces samples representing at least 20% of the flock area were collected via sock swabs from commercial poultry flocks in the study region in addition to internal organs (liver, spleen, intestine) collected at necropsy of suspected chickens belonging to small family enterprises. The samples were analyzed by conventional bacteriological methods (ISO 6579:2002/A1:2007) for isolation, and genus specific (invA) PCR for the identification of Salmonella spp. Then, two mPCR were set up to determine Salmonella serotypes and genotypic resistance status of the field isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol antibiotics. In the PCR analysis of the suspected colonies, 98.5% were confirmed as Salmonella spp., and, the most prevalent serotype was identified as S. Infantis with the proportion of 26.6% (17/64), followed by S. Enteritidis with 21.9% (14/64) and S. Typhimurium with 9.4% (6/64). The findings related to antibiotic resistance genes revealed that the most frequently determined gene was sul1 with approximately 58%, while the blaTEM gene was detected at the lowest proportion with 20%, among Salmonella isolates. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that Salmonella infections constitute a potential risk for chicken flocks in the country and that genotypic resistance rates against various antibiotics should draw particular attention in terms of both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burhan Çetinkaya
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, 23100, Elazig, Turkey.
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Zhou Z, Alikhan NF, Mohamed K, Fan Y, Achtman M. The EnteroBase user's guide, with case studies on Salmonella transmissions, Yersinia pestis phylogeny, and Escherichia core genomic diversity. Genome Res 2020; 30:138-152. [PMID: 31809257 PMCID: PMC6961584 DOI: 10.1101/gr.251678.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
EnteroBase is an integrated software environment that supports the identification of global population structures within several bacterial genera that include pathogens. Here, we provide an overview of how EnteroBase works, what it can do, and its future prospects. EnteroBase has currently assembled more than 300,000 genomes from Illumina short reads from Salmonella, Escherichia, Yersinia, Clostridioides, Helicobacter, Vibrio, and Moraxella and genotyped those assemblies by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Hierarchical clustering of cgMLST sequence types allows mapping a new bacterial strain to predefined population structures at multiple levels of resolution within a few hours after uploading its short reads. Case Study 1 illustrates this process for local transmissions of Salmonella enterica serovar Agama between neighboring social groups of badgers and humans. EnteroBase also supports single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calls from both genomic assemblies and after extraction from metagenomic sequences, as illustrated by Case Study 2 which summarizes the microevolution of Yersinia pestis over the last 5000 years of pandemic plague. EnteroBase can also provide a global overview of the genomic diversity within an entire genus, as illustrated by Case Study 3, which presents a novel, global overview of the population structure of all of the species, subspecies, and clades within Escherichia.
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16
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Pearce ME, Chattaway MA, Grant K, Maiden MCJ. A proposed core genome scheme for analyses of the Salmonella genus. Genomics 2020; 112:371-378. [PMID: 30905613 PMCID: PMC6978875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The salmonellae are found in a wide range of animal hosts and many food products for human consumption. Most cases of human disease are caused by S. enterica subspecies I; however as opportunistic pathogens the other subspecies (II-VI) and S. bongori are capable of causing disease. Loci that were not consistently present in all of the species and subspecies were removed from a previously proposed core genome scheme (EBcgMLSTv2.0), the removal of these 252 loci resulted in a core genus scheme (SalmcgMLSTv1.0). SalmcgMLSTv1.0 clustered isolates from the same subspecies more rapidly and more accurately grouped isolates from different subspecies when compared with EBcgMLSTv2.0. All loci within the EBcgMLSTv2.0 scheme were present in over 98% of S. enterica subspecies I isolates and should, therefore, continue to be used for subspecies I analyses, while the SalmcgMLSTv1.0 scheme is more appropriate for cross genus investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Pearce
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit, Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Marie A Chattaway
- Public Health England, Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathie Grant
- Public Health England, Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit, Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Fukuyama Y, Ojima-Kato T, Nagai S, Shima K, Funatsu S, Yamada Y, Tamura H, Nomura S, Ogata K, Sekiya S, Iwamoto S, Tanaka K. Improved MALDI-MS method for the highly sensitive and reproducible detection of biomarker peaks for the proteotyping of Salmonella serotypes. J Mass Spectrom 2019; 54:966-975. [PMID: 31697871 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid identification and classification of pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella enterica, is important for the surveillance and prevention of foodborne diseases. Matrix-assisted laser desorption\ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of microorganisms. In a previous report, a mass database consisting of 12 biomarker proteins, S8, L15, L17, L21, L25, S7, superoxide dismutase (SodA), peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase C, Gns, YibT, YaiA, and YciF, was introduced for the serotyping of S. enterica via MALDI-MS (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017, 101, 8557-8569). However, the reproducibility of peak detection of biomarkers such as SodA at m\z 23 000 was poor. We report here an optimized MALDI-MS method for detecting these biomarkers with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The issue was solved by controlling the bacterial concentration at 1 × 10 to 1 × 102 MFU (3 × 106 to 3 × 107 CFU\μL, as calculated from the MFU), using the colony suspension supernatant obtained by centrifugation, and using matrix additives such as methylenediphosphonic acid and N-decyl-β-D-maltopyranoside. We propose that the method including the above steps is one of the best for detecting biomarkers with high sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukuyama
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Teruyo Ojima-Kato
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Satomi Nagai
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shima
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinji Funatsu
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamada
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tamura
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Shizuo Nomura
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Koretsugu Ogata
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Sadanori Sekiya
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwamoto
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
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Robertson SA, Sidge JL, Koski L, Hardy MC, Stevenson L, Signs K, Stobierski MG, Bidol S, Donovan D, Soehnlen M, Jones K, Robeson S, Hambley A, Stefanovsky L, Brandenburg J, Hise K, Tolar B, Nichols MC, Basler C. Onsite investigation at a mail-order hatchery following a multistate Salmonella illness outbreak linked to live poultry-United States, 2018. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6964-6972. [PMID: 31579916 PMCID: PMC6870551 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health departments, and other state and federal partners have linked contact with live poultry to 70 human Salmonella outbreaks in the United States from 2000 to 2017, which resulted in a total of 4,794 illnesses, 894 hospitalizations, and 7 deaths. During human salmonellosis outbreaks environmental sampling is rarely conducted as part of the outbreak investigation. CDC was contacted by state health officials on June 12, 2018, to provide support during an investigation of risk factors for Salmonella infections linked to live poultry originating at a mail-order hatchery. From January 1, 2018, to June 15, 2018, 13 human Salmonella infections in multiple states were attributed to exposure to live poultry from a single hatchery. Two serotypes of Salmonella were associated with these infections, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Litchfield. Molecular subtyping of the S. Enteritidis clinical isolates revealed they were closely related genetically (within 0 to 9 alleles) by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) to isolates obtained from environmental samples taken from hatchery shipping containers received at retail outlets. Environmental sampling and onsite investigation of practices was conducted at the mail-order hatchery during an investigation on June 19, 2018. A total of 45 environmental samples were collected, and 4 (9%) grew Salmonella. A chick box liner from a box in the pre-shipping area yielded an isolate closely related to the S. Enteritidis outbreak strain (within 1 to 9 alleles by cgMLST). The onsite investigation revealed lapses in biosecurity, sanitation, quality assurance, and education of consumers. Review of Salmonella serotype testing performed by the hatchery revealed that the number of samples and type of samples collected monthly varied. Also, S. Enteritidis was identified at the hatchery every year since testing began in 2016. Recommendations to the hatchery for biosecurity, testing, and sanitation measures were made to help reduce burden of Salmonella in the hatchery and breeding flocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of human illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Robertson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta GA, 30333, United States
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Jennifer L Sidge
- Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Lia Koski
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Margaret C Hardy
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
- Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Lauren Stevenson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Kimberly Signs
- Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Mary Grace Stobierski
- Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Sally Bidol
- Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Danielle Donovan
- Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Marty Soehnlen
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Kelly Jones
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Sheri Robeson
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, United States
| | - Adeline Hambley
- Ottawa County Department of Public Health, Holland, MI 49424, United States
| | - Lisa Stefanovsky
- Ottawa County Department of Public Health, Holland, MI 49424, United States
| | - Joshua Brandenburg
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Kelley Hise
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Beth Tolar
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Megin C Nichols
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Colin Basler
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
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Post AS, Diallo SN, Guiraud I, Lompo P, Tahita MC, Maltha J, Van Puyvelde S, Mattheus W, Ley B, Thriemer K, Rouamba E, Derra K, Deborggraeve S, Tinto H, Jacobs J. Supporting evidence for a human reservoir of invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella from household samples in Burkina Faso. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007782. [PMID: 31609964 PMCID: PMC6812844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis are major causes of bloodstream infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed evidence for their zoonotic versus human reservoir. Methods Index patients were children with blood culture confirmed Salmonella infection recruited during a microbiological surveillance study in Nanoro, rural Burkina between May 2013 and August 2014. After consent, their households were visited. Stool from household members and livestock (pooled samples per species) as well as drinking water were cultured for Salmonella. Isolates with identical serotype obtained from index patient and any household sample were defined as “paired isolates” and assessed for genetic relatedness by multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results Twenty-nine households were visited for 32/42 (76.2%) eligible index patients: two households comprised two index patients each, and in a third household the index patient had a recurrent infection. Among the 32 index patients, serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 26), Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 5) and Salmonella Freetown (n = 1). All Typhimurium isolates were sequence type (ST)313. Median delay between blood culture sampling and household visits was 13 days (range 6–26). Salmonella was obtained from 16/186 (8.6%) livestock samples (13 serotypes) and 18/290 (6.2%) household members (9 serotypes). None of the water samples yielded Salmonella. Paired Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were obtained from three households representing four index patients. MLVA types were identical in two pairs and similar in the third (consisting of two index patients and one household member). WGS showed a strong genetic relatedness with 0 to 2 core genome SNPs difference between pairs on a household level. Livestock samples did not yield any Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Enteritidis, and the latter was exclusively obtained from blood culture. Other serotypes shared by human and/or livestock carriers in the same household were Salmonella Derby, Drac, Tennessee and Muenster. Conclusions/Significance The current study provides further evidence of a human reservoir for invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) in sub-Saharan Africa. Non-Typhoidal Salmonella—particularly Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type (ST) 313—are among the most common causes of bloodstream infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa. To assess transmission and reservoir of this invasive serotype we performed a blood culture surveillance study among children < 15 years (index patients) in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso. In case of blood culture confirmed invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infection among index patients a household survey was performed, during which stool samples from household members, stool samples from livestock and water samples were obtained and cultured for Salmonella. Salmonella isolates obtained from blood culture of index patients were compared for genetic relatedness with Salmonella isolates obtained from samples taken from their corresponding household. In three households we found Salmonella Typhimurium ST 313 among both index patient and the stool sample of a household member, we found a strong genetic relatedness within each pair. There were no matching serotypes between index patients and livestock samples or water samples within households. Clusters from other serotypes were restricted to stool samples from household members and different species of livestock. Our results support the theory that iNTS has a human reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies S. Post
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Nijmegen Institute of International Health, Radboud university medical centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (ASP); (SND)
| | - Seydou Nakanabo Diallo
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- * E-mail: (ASP); (SND)
| | - Issa Guiraud
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Palpouguini Lompo
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jessica Maltha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- Belgian National Centre for Salmonella, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Department for Global Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Department for Global Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Eli Rouamba
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Karim Derra
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Stijn Deborggraeve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université supérieur des sciences de la santé, Université polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Wilkinson V, Fernandez JRR, Núñez A, Macgregor SK, John SK, Dallman TJ, Cunningham AA, de Pinna EM, Lawson B. Novel Salmonella Variant Associated with Mortality in Two Great Spotted Woodpeckers ( Dendrocopos major). J Wildl Dis 2019; 55:874-878. [PMID: 31166852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two adult Great Spotted Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major) from separate sites in Great Britain were examined postmortem in 2013 and 2016. A Salmonella sp. was isolated from multiple tissues in both birds. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed disseminated salmonellosis. Whole-genome sequencing and biochemical analyses putatively identified both isolates as a novel variant of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hessarek (S. Hessarek). Salmonellosis has seldom been reported in Piciformes, and never before in association with S. Hessarek infection. These findings, therefore, add to current knowledge regarding the range of wild bird species susceptible to this Salmonella serovar, and our understanding of the pathogens affecting Great Spotted Woodpeckers, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Wilkinson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | | | - Alejandro Núñez
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), APHA Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Shaheed K Macgregor
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Shinto K John
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Elizabeth M de Pinna
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Becki Lawson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
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Zhang X, Niu YD, Nan Y, Stanford K, Holley R, McAllister T, Narváez-Bravo C. SalmoFresh™ effectiveness in controlling Salmonella on romaine lettuce, mung bean sprouts and seeds. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 305:108250. [PMID: 31226567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a commercial Salmonella bacteriophage mixture (SalmoFresh™ 6-phage strains) and to compare its effectiveness with a chlorinated water treatment to reduce Salmonella on produce and seeds at different temperatures and storage times. Two sets of experiments were designed to test phage and chlorinated water effectiveness on produce at 2, 10 and 25 °C at different storage times (1, 24, 48 and 72 h). First, SalmoFresh™ was applied to the surface of lettuce, mung bean sprouts and mung bean seeds that were spot-inoculated with a five Salmonella strain mixture (Newport, Braenderup, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Heidelberg, 105 CFU/mL) by spraying phages onto lettuce (n = 48 pieces, 3×3 cm2 per treatment) and sprouts (n = 48 pieces per treatment). A second set of experiments (scaled-up) consisted in the application of phages by immersion to Salmonella adulterated lettuce (600 g), 300 g sprouts (300 g) or mung bean seeds (30 g) in a phage cocktail (108 PFU/mL) for 15 min (lettuce and sprouts) or 1 h (seeds). Another group of samples was washed with chlorinated water and yet another group was treated with a combination of chlorinated water followed by phage cocktail. Each experiment was repeated three times by quadruplicates. After the treatments for spot-inoculated and scaled-up experiments, lettuce and sprouts were separated into different lots (10 g/lot) and stored at 2, 10 and 25 °C; Salmonella was enumerated after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. Adulterated phage-treated seeds were packaged and stored dry at 25 °C. Salmonella was enumerated after 72 h of storage. Groups of phage treated mung bean seeds (720 g) were germinated, and the reduction in Salmonella determined. Results of microplate virulence assays indicated that SalmoFresh™ reduced (P = 0.007) Salmonella by an average of 5.34 logs CFU/mL after 5 h at 25 °C. Spraying SalmoFresh™ onto lettuce and sprouts reduced Salmonella by 0.76 and 0.83 log10 CFU/g, respectively (P < 0.01). Immersion of produce in a phage solution was better at killing Salmonella P < 0.05) than spraying it onto the surface, reducing Salmonella by 2.43 and 2.16 log10 CFU/g on lettuce and sprouts, respectively. SalmoFresh™ was an effective biocontrol intervention to reduce Salmonella on lettuce and sprouts. On seeds, although a reduction was observed, Salmonella was able to grow exponentially during germination; therefore, the phage cocktail was not effective on mung bean seeds or sprouts obtained from adulterated seeds. The combination of hurdles, chlorination fallowed by the phage cocktail was the most effective treatment to reduce Salmonella on lettuce and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Yuchen Nan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Canada
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Shi Z, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Non-molecular characterization of pellicle formation by poultry Salmonella Kentucky strains and other poultry-associated Salmonella serovars in Luria Bertani broth. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:972-978. [PMID: 31496354 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1661210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is limited research concerning the biofilm-forming capabilities of Salmonella Kentucky, a common poultry isolate. The objective was to quantitate pellicle formation of S. Kentucky versus better-characterized Salmonella strains of Enteritidis and Heidelberg. In separate experiments, Salmonella strains and serovars were tested for their biofilm-forming abilities in different Luria-Bertani (LB) broths (1); pellicle formation in different volumes of LB without salt (2); and the potential priming effects on formation after pellicles were transferred three consecutive times (3). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with means separated using Tukey's HSD (P ≤ 0.05). In the first experiment, there was no significant effect between strain and serovars (P > 0.05), but media type affected pellicle formation significantly with LB Miller and LB minus NaCl plus 2% glucose resulting in no pellicle formation (P < 0.001). When grown in 50 mL, Kentucky 38-0085 produced larger pellicles than Kentucky 38-0055, and Heidelberg strain 38-0127 (P < 0.0001). Serial transfers of pellicles did not significantly affect pellicle formation (P > 0.05); however, Kentucky 38-0084, 38-0085 and 38-0086 produced larger pellicles than Kentucky 38-0055 and 38-0056 and Heidelberg 38-0126, 38-0127 and 38-0152. The current study demonstrates the consistent biofilm forming capabilities of Kentucky and may explain why Kentucky is frequently isolated in poultry processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohao Shi
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Yang J, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Sun S. Serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and genotype profiles of Salmonella isolated from duck farms and a slaughterhouse in Shandong province, China. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:202. [PMID: 31477003 PMCID: PMC6720067 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella has been considered as one of the most important foodborne pathogens that threatened breeding industry and public health. To investigate the prevalence and characterization of Salmonella isolated from duck farms and a slaughterhouse in Shandong province, a total of 49 Salmonella strains were isolated from 2342 samples from four duck farms and one duck slaughterhouse in Jinan and Tai'an, Shandong province, China. RESULTS Among the isolates, S. Enteritidis (20/49, 40.8%) and S. Anatum (10/49, 20.4%) were the most prevalent, and high resistance rates were detected for erythromycin (49/49, 100.0%) and nalidixic acid (47/49, 95.9%). Class I integrons were detected in 17 isolates (34.7%17/49), which contained gene cassettes aadA7 + aac3-Id(15/17) and aadA5 + dfrA17 (2/17). Eleven different kinds of resistance genes were detected while blaTEM(36/49, 73.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by sul2(14/49, 28.6%). Thirteen virulence genes were tested, and all of the strains carried invA, hilA and sipA. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results showed that seven sequence types (STs) were identified; ST11 was the most prevalent ST (20/49, 40.8%), followed by ST2441 (10/49, 20.4%). There was a strong correlation between STs and serovars. The results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) showed that 39 PFGE patterns were generated from 49 Salmonella strains. PFGE patterns were mostly diverse and revealed high similarity between the isolates from the same sampling sites. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Salmonella infections among duck farms revealed that ducks could also be potential reservoirs for Salmonella. The high resistance rates against commonly used antimicrobials suggested a need for more reasonable use of antimicrobials, as well as for investigating substitutes for antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Zijing Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Bonardi S, Bolzoni L, Zanoni RG, Morganti M, Corradi M, Gilioli S, Pongolini S. Limited Exchange of Salmonella Among Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Italy. Ecohealth 2019; 16:420-428. [PMID: 31119408 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed Salmonella carriage in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and compared their isolates with those recovered from the domestic swine population of the same area of northern Italy (Emilia-Romagna), characterized by intensive pig farming and rather high density of wild boars. A total of 189 wild boars hunted during twelve months (2017-2018) were tested for Salmonella in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and faecal samples. Antimicrobial resistance of recovered strains was tested against 14 antimicrobials. Salmonella was detected in 33/189 wild boars (17.5%), specifically from 30/189 MLN (15.9%) and 6/189 faecal samples (3.2%). Three animals were positive in both samples. Thirteen Salmonella serovars were identified, i.e. Typhimurium (the most common), Bovismorbificans, Coeln, Derby, Enteritidis, Gaminara, Hessarek, Houtenae IV, Kottbus, Napoli, Stanleyville, Thompson and Veneziana. Salmonella carriage was higher in warm than in cold months (P = 0.0013). Pregnancy status was never associated with Salmonella carriage, with significant difference in the recovery of the pathogen between non-pregnant and pregnant females (P = 0.003). Only one resistance pattern to streptomycin and tetracycline was found in 15 isolates (41.7%) belonging to Typhimurium (14/14; 100%) and Kottbus (1/3; 33.3%) serovars. Overlap with isolates from farmed pigs was limited at serotype level (Typhimurium, Derby, Enteritis, Bovismorbificans, Kottbus) and absent at PFGE level, and also antimicrobial resistance patterns were substantially different. This evidence indicates a substantial segregation of the two animal populations with regard to infectious contacts, possibly suggesting that biosecurity measures in place at industrial farm level limit the exchange of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonardi
- Unit of Food Inspection, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Bolzoni
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Sezione di Parma, Strada dei Mercati 13/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Renato Giulio Zanoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Marina Morganti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Sezione di Parma, Strada dei Mercati 13/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Corradi
- Management Body for Parks and Biodiversity "Emilia Occidentale", Sala Baganza, PR, Italy
| | - Stefano Gilioli
- Management Body for Parks and Biodiversity "Emilia Occidentale", Sala Baganza, PR, Italy
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Sezione di Parma, Strada dei Mercati 13/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Ghoddusi A, Nayeri Fasaei B, Zahraei Salehi T, Akbarein H. Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates in Human, Chicken, and Cattle in Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2019; 74:259-266. [PMID: 31592591 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2018.120267.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellais a foodborne zoonotic enteric bacterium able to infect both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from human, cattle, and poultry. Moreover, we investigated the probable transmission trends of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates from food animals to human. A total of 242 Salmonella isolates collected from various human and animal sources were serotyped. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the invA virulence gene. The isolates were subsequently tested against 14 antimicrobials and the resistance rates among the isolates from three sample sources were statistically analyzed by the Chi-Square test. Serotyping revealed the isolates belonged to various serovars with the dominance of Enteritidis (37%), Typhimurium (35.3%), and Infantis (21.1%). A high frequency of resistance to streptomycin was observed followed by tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, ampicillin, kanamycin, ceftazidime, and cefepime. In addition, multidrug resistance was observed in more than 40% of the isolates. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant relationship (P ˂ 0.001) between the rate of antibiotic resistance among the three sources of Salmonellaisolates. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance had a statistical relationship between the different serotypes isolated from different sources. These findings demonstrate the possible transmission of resistance to human from animal sources. The prevalence of the Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Infantis serovars in both human and animals suggested that Salmonella contamination in chicken and cattle may be the major source of salmonellosis in human. The high incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonellaisolates along with the close relationship between the antimicrobial resistance of animal and human isolates indicate the role of food animal products as an important source of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghoddusi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Nayeri Fasaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Akbarein
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mikkelä A, Ranta J, Tuominen P. A Modular Bayesian Salmonella Source Attribution Model for Sparse Data. Risk Anal 2019; 39:1796-1811. [PMID: 30893499 PMCID: PMC6849795 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several statistical models for salmonella source attribution have been presented in the literature. However, these models have often been found to be sensitive to the model parameterization, as well as the specifics of the data set used. The Bayesian salmonella source attribution model presented here was developed to be generally applicable with small and sparse annual data sets obtained over several years. The full Bayesian model was modularized into three parts (an exposure model, a subtype distribution model, and an epidemiological model) in order to separately estimate unknown parameters in each module. The proposed model takes advantage of the consumption and overall salmonella prevalence of the studied sources, as well as bacteria typing results from adjacent years. The latter were used for a smoothed estimation of the annual relative proportions of different salmonella subtypes in each of the sources. The source-specific effects and the salmonella subtype-specific effects were included in the epidemiological model to describe the differences between sources and between subtypes in their ability to infect humans. The estimation of these parameters was based on data from multiple years. Finally, the model combines the total evidence from different modules to proportion human salmonellosis cases according to their sources. The model was applied to allocate reported human salmonellosis cases from the years 2008 to 2015 to eight food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Mikkelä
- Risk Assessment UnitFinnish Food AuthorityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jukka Ranta
- Risk Assessment UnitFinnish Food AuthorityHelsinkiFinland
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Zeng YB, Xiong LG, Tan MF, Li HQ, Yan H, Zhang L, Yin DF, Kang ZF, Wei QP, Luo LG. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Pork, Chicken, and Duck from Retail Markets of China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:339-345. [PMID: 31013442 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens associated with animal and human diseases. In this study, 672 samples of fresh meat (pork, 347; chicken, 196; and duck, 129) were collected from retail markets in different provinces of China from 2010 to 2014. We identified 10 different serotypes among 80 Salmonella isolates, whereas 12 isolates were nonmotile precluding conventional identification of complete serotype. Among these 92 isolates, Salmonella enterica serovar Derby (n = 21) was the most prevalent serotype, followed by Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 17), Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 15), Salmonella Indiana (n = 9), Salmonella Agona (n = 7), and Salmonella Assinie (n = 5). Antimicrobial resistance testing for 18 antimicrobial agents revealed that all 92 isolates were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial agent, and 39 different resistance profiles were identified. The highest resistance was to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 87), followed by tetracycline (n = 51), carbenicillin (n = 38), amoxicillin/A.clav (n = 30), and piperacillin (n = 24). Our results demonstrated that meats presented a potential public health risk, thereby underlining the necessity for local regulatory enforcement agencies in China to monitor salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Zeng
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Gen Xiong
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei-Fang Tan
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Qin Li
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Han Yan
- 2 Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 2 Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - De-Feng Yin
- 2 Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Kang
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi-Peng Wei
- 1 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin-Guang Luo
- 2 Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Albert MJ, Bulach D, Alfouzan W, Izumiya H, Carter G, Alobaid K, Alatar F, Sheikh AR, Poirel L. Non-typhoidal Salmonella blood stream infection in Kuwait: Clinical and microbiological characteristics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007293. [PMID: 30986214 PMCID: PMC6483562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered to be an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. We studied this in two tertiary hospitals–Al Farwaniya and Al Amiri–in Kuwait, a subtropical country, from April 2013-May 2016. NTS bacteremia was present in 30 of 53,860 (0.75%) and 31 of 290,36 (1.33%) blood cultures in the two hospitals respectively. In Al Farwaniya hospital, one-third of the patients were from some tropical developing countries of Asia. About 66% of all patients (40/61) had diarrhea, and of these, 65% had the corresponding blood serovar isolated from stool culture. A few patients had Salmonella cultured from urine. Patients were either young or old. Most of the patients had co-morbidities affecting the immune system. Two patients each died in both hospitals. The number of different serovars cultured in each hospital was 13, and most infections were due to S. Enteritidis (all sequence type [ST]) 11) and S. Typhimurium (all ST19) except in a subgroup of expatriate patients from tropical developing countries in Al Farwaniya hospital. About a quarter of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most patients were treated with a cephalosporin with or without other antibiotics. S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates were typed by pulsed field-gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a selected number of isolates were whole-genome sequenced. Up to four different clades were present by PFGE in either species. Whole-genome sequenced isolates showed antibiotic-resistance genes that showed phenotypic correlation, and in some cases, phenotypes showed absence of specific genes. Whole-genome sequenced isolates showed presence of genes that contributed to blood-stream infection. Phylogeny by core genome analysis showed a close relationship with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from other parts of the world. The uniqueness of our study included the finding of a low prevalence of infection, mortality and multidrug-resistance, a relatively high prevalence of gastrointestinal infection in patients, and the characterization of selected isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars by whole-genome sequencing that shed light on phylogeny, virulence and resistance. Similarities with studies from developing countries especially Africa included infection in patients with co-morbidities affecting the immune system, predominance of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars and presence of drug-resistance in isolates. Salmonella organisms are classified into typhoidal Salmonella (causing enteric fever) and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) (causing infections other than enteric fever). Apart from causing other infections, NTS causes blood-stream infection (bacteremia and septicemia). NTS blood stream infection (NTS-BI) is considered to be an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. It causes a very high morbidity and mortality in Africa. The individuals affected in Africa are children, malnourished people, patients with malaria or HIV etc. These conditions affect the immune system and make them vulnerable to infection with NTS. In these patients, diarrheal disease due to NTS is rare. The majority of infections are due to two types of NTS: Typhimurium and Enteritidis. There is a very high prevalence of multidrug-resistance in NTS making the infection difficult to treat. NTS-BI is also present in other parts of the world including developed countries albeit at a lower prevalence. Kuwait is a high-income, subtropical country in transition (from a developing to developed country), located in the Middle East. We studied NTS-BI in Al Farwaniya and Al Amiri hospitals in Kuwait during April 2013 to May 2016. Out of nearly 30,000 to more than 50,000 blood cultures done in these hospitals, NTS was present in 0. 75 to 1.33% of blood cultures, representing a very small proportion of blood cultures, unlike in Africa. This showed that 31 patients in Al Farwaniya hospital and 30 patients in Al Amari hospital had NTS-BI. Most of these patients had underlying illnesses such as diabetes, lung infection, cancer etc. that affect the immune system, as in Africa. Many patients also had diarrheal disease caused by the same NTS that caused blood stream infection, unlike in Africa. Only two patients in each hospital died, a low mortality, unlike in Africa. The majority of the isolates belonged to Typhimurium and Enteritidis as in Africa. Even though resistance to drugs was a problem, about quarter of the isolates only were multidrug-resistant, a lower prevalence compared to in Africa. In Kuwait, we performed a detailed genetic study of a selected number of Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates by a modern technique called whole genome sequencing. This revealed genetic determinants encoding drug-resistance and virulence causing blood-stream infection. This type of study was not performed in African isolates. Thus, our study revealed similarities and differences with studies of NTS-BI in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. John Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Public Health Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wadha Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Al Farwaniya Hospital, Sabah Al-Nasser, Kuwait
| | | | - Glen Carter
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Public Health Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khaled Alobaid
- Department of Microbiology, Al Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah Alatar
- Microbiology Unit, Muabarak Al Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait, and
| | | | - Laurent Poirel
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Lu X, Zeng M, Xu J, Zhou H, Gu B, Li Z, Jin H, Wang X, Zhang W, Hu Y, Xiao W, Zhu B, Xu X, Kan B. Epidemiologic and genomic insights on mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella from diarrhoeal outpatients in Shanghai, China, 2006-2016. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:133-144. [PMID: 30905850 PMCID: PMC6491383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1-harbouring plasmids is an emerging threat in Enterobacteriaceae, like Salmonella. Based on its major contribution to the diarrhoea burden, the epidemic state and threat of mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella in community-acquired infections should be estimated. METHODS This retrospective study analysed the mcr-1 gene incidence in Salmonella strains collected from a surveillance on diarrhoeal outpatients in Shanghai Municipality, China, 2006-2016. Molecular characteristics of the mcr-1-positive strains and their plasmids were determined by genome sequencing. The transfer abilities of these plasmids were measured with various conjugation strains, species, and serotypes. FINDINGS Among the 12,053 Salmonella isolates, 37 mcr-1-harbouring strains, in which 35 were serovar Typhimurium, were detected first in 2012 and with increasing frequency after 2015. Most patients infected with mcr-1-harbouring strains were aged <5 years. All strains, including fluoroquinolone-resistant and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains, were multi-drug resistant. S. Typhimurium had higher mcr-1 plasmid acquisition ability compared with other common serovars. Phylogeny based on the genomes combined with complete plasmid sequences revealed some clusters, suggesting the presence of mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella outbreaks in the community. Most mcr-1-positive strains were clustered together with the pork strains, strongly suggesting pork consumption as a main infection source. INTERPRETATION The mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella prevalence in community-acquired diarrhoea displays a rapid increase trend, and the ESBL-mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella poses a threat for children. These findings highlight the necessary and significance of prohibiting colistin use in animals and continuous monitoring of mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoke Gu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
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Pragasam AK, Anandan S, John J, Neeravi A, Narasimman V, Muthuirulandi Sethuvel DP, Elangovan D, Veeraraghavan B. An emerging threat of ceftriaxone-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella in South India: Incidence and molecular profile. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:198-202. [PMID: 31745019 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection is a serious public health problem globally. Although NTS infections are self-limited, antimicrobial therapy is recommended for severe infections and immunocompromised patients. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens further limits its therapeutic options. Here, we report an incidence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS over the past 9 years in a southern Indian region. Materials and Methods Molecular mechanisms of resistance in ceftriaxone-resistant NTS have been tested by both phenotypic and molecular methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the E-test and broth microdilution method. AMR gene markers of β-lactamases such as AmpCs (blaMOX, blaCMY, blaDHA, blaFOX, blaACC and blaACT) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaPER, blaCTXM-1like,blaCTXM-2like, blaCTXM-8like, blaCTXM-9like and blaCTXM-25like) were screened. The presence of IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was also analysed. Results The study reports a 5% prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS. The most common serogroup was Salmonella Group B followed by Salmonella Group E and Salmonella group C1/C2. The occurrence of blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHV genes was observed in 54%, 54%, 48% and 3% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly, few isolates carried dual resistance genes (ESBLs and AmpCs). IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was identified in isolates carrying ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that ceftriaxone resistance is mainly mediated by β-lactamases such as ESBL and AmpC. As the incidence of ceftriaxone resistance is rising gradually over the years, it is imperative to monitor the AMR in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agila Kumari Pragasam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James John
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanraj Neeravi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vignesh Narasimman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Divyaa Elangovan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu DQ, Sato M, Tan WL, Khoo GPW, Fisher K, Meibers H, Wei Foo DG, Sen Phang HC, Bird P, Joseph Benzinger M, Crowley E, Agin J, Goins D, Tiong Chiew PK, Pin Tan RS, Salfinger Y, Brodsky M, Odumeru J. The Validation of the VereBeef™ Detection Kit. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:508-524. [PMID: 30205867 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
VereBeef™ Detection Kit, incorporating both multiplex PCR and microarray technologies on a lab-on-chip platform, is intended for qualitative detection and differentiation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, E. coli O26, E. coli O45, E. coli O103, E. coli O111, E. coli O121, E. coli O145, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) virulence factors (stx1A, stx2A, eae), and Salmonella species in one test using raw beef trim samples. This product underwent extensive evaluations, including inclusivity-exclusivity, method comparison, robustness, lot-to-lot variability, and stability studies. The inclusivity/exclusivity study demonstrated that VereBeef Detection Kit specifically detects and identifies target analytes without occurrence of false-positive and false-negative detection. In the method comparison study, the performance of the VereBeef Detection Kit was compared with U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook's methods for target organism detection in raw beef trim using E. coli O157:H7 single inoculation and Salmonella and non-O157 STEC dual inoculation. Data demonstrated equivalence in both methods. The robustness study showed that changes in the test parameters do not impact assay performance. Collectively, VereBeef Detection Kit is able to detect target pathogens in raw beef trim with a minimum enrichment time of 8 h for E. coli O157:H7 detection and 10 h for Salmonella and non-O157 STEC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Qian Liu
- Veredus Laboratories Pte Ltd, 83 Science Park Dr #04-02, The Curie, Singapore Science Park 1, Singapore 118258
| | - Mitsuharu Sato
- Veredus Laboratories Pte Ltd, 83 Science Park Dr #04-02, The Curie, Singapore Science Park 1, Singapore 118258
| | - Wei Ling Tan
- Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Veterinary Public Health Centre, 10 Perahu Rd, Singapore 718837
| | - Grace Pei Wen Khoo
- Veredus Laboratories Pte Ltd, 83 Science Park Dr #04-02, The Curie, Singapore Science Park 1, Singapore 118258
| | - Kiel Fisher
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Hannah Meibers
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Damian Guang Wei Foo
- Veredus Laboratories Pte Ltd, 83 Science Park Dr #04-02, The Curie, Singapore Science Park 1, Singapore 118258
| | - Helen Choon Sen Phang
- Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Veterinary Public Health Centre, 10 Perahu Rd, Singapore 718837
| | - Patrick Bird
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | | | - Erin Crowley
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - James Agin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - David Goins
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Paul King Tiong Chiew
- Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Veterinary Public Health Centre, 10 Perahu Rd, Singapore 718837
| | - Rosemary Sok Pin Tan
- Veredus Laboratories Pte Ltd, 83 Science Park Dr #04-02, The Curie, Singapore Science Park 1, Singapore 118258
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Gil Molino M, Risco Pérez D, Gonçalves Blanco P, Fernandez Llario P, Quesada Molina A, García Sánchez A, Cuesta Gerveno JM, Gómez Gordo L, Martín Cano FE, Pérez Martínez R, Varela Fernández E, Rey Pérez J. Outbreaks of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis in wild boars piglets from central-western Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:225-233. [PMID: 30144295 PMCID: PMC7168558 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis is the aetiological agent of swine paratyphoid being a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen. Wild boar natural populations are experiencing a demographical expansion as well as some farms are breeding this species to release for hunting with management sometimes identical to that of domestic pigs, including supplementation, grouping, and antibiotic treatments. This situation increases the chance of contact between wild boars and livestock, and potentially induces stress, with different sanitary consequences. The present work aims to describe the clinical features of recent outbreaks caused by S. Choleraesuis in wild boar from central-western Spain, as well as the antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of isolates involved. 28 strains of S. Choleraesuis were isolated from 28 different wild boars belonging to 10 different game states located in central western Spain and submitted to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital (CVH) of the University of Extremadura. Samples were taken from different organs and cultured according to the ISO 6579:2002 procedure. Suspicious colonies were identified by PCR and antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion susceptibility test and the presence of the main resistance genes as well as 18 plasmid replicons frequently found among the Enterobacteriaceae was verified by PCR. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was applied to determine the genetic relationship between isolates. The outbreaks under study were characterized by high mortality (35%-84%) and a septicaemic presentation. S. Choleraesuis was isolated from all the wild boars analysed, and 26 of the 28 isolates presented resistance to at least one antibiotic. The predominant resistances found were against sulphonamide, streptomycin, tetracycline, and doxicicline and sul1, strA-strB, and tetA were the most prevalent resistance genes among isolates. 10 strains carried FIIA, FIB+H/1 or FIIA+H/1 plasmids. PFGE classified the isolates into four different profiles, grouped into two clusters. This results show that prevention against S. Choleraesuis must be considered in the sanitary programs of the wild boar breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gil Molino
- Facultad de VeterinariaUnidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Quesada Molina
- Facultad de VeterinariaDepartamento de BioquimicaBiologia Molecular y GeneticaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCaceresSpain
- INBIO G+CUniversidad de ExtremaduraCaceresSpain
| | | | | | - Luis Gómez Gordo
- Facultad de VeterinariaUnidad de Anatomía PatológicaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCaceresSpain
| | | | - Remigio Pérez Martínez
- Facultad de VeterinariaUnidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Elisa Varela Fernández
- Facultad de VeterinariaUnidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Joaquín Rey Pérez
- Facultad de VeterinariaUnidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
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Witkowska D, Kuncewicz M, Żebrowska JP, Sobczak J, Sowińska J. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken flocks in northern Poland in 2014-2016. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25:693-697. [PMID: 30586965 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/99528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica are an important biological factor that poses a threat to public health, and broilers are often asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Salmonella serotypes in broiler chicken flocks in northern Poland in 2014-2016. The study was conducted on commercial flocks monitored by the Institutes of Veterinary Hygiene in Gdańsk and Olsztyn in 2014-2016. A total of 4,331 samples were investigated. Identification of Salmonella spp. was performed by a culture-dependent method followed by biochemical and serological confirmation tests, in accordance with Polish Standards. The total percentage of infected flocks in northern Poland reached 1.57%. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens decreased from 2.19% in 2014 to 1.22% in 2016. The percentage of flocks infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was 1.18% and 0.12%, respectively (S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were detected in 1.29% of flocks). The most common serotypes that had not been covered by the control programme were S. Mbandaka (0.14%), S. Infantis (0.07%) and, sporadically, S. Kentucky and S. Anatum. The percentage of infected flocks was higher (by 0.26%) in the Pomeranian Region than in the Region of Warmia and Mazury, and it increased over the analyzed period - the highest number of positive samples were found in 2016 (2.04%). In the Region of Warmia and Mazury, the percentage of infected flocks was highest in 2014 (3.08%); in 2014-2016, the number of positive samples decreased steadily to reach 0.41% in 2016. In the analyzed regions, the incidence of human salmonellosis was correlated with the percentage of infected broiler flocks.
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Silva PLAPA, Goulart LR, Reis TFM, Mendonça EP, Melo RT, Penha VAS, Peres PABM, Hoepers PG, Beletti ME, Fonseca BB. Biofilm Formation in Different Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Poultry. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:124-129. [PMID: 30560366 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about Salmonella biofilm assembly, making the prevention of the disease a challenge in the poultry production chain. The objective of the present study was then to evaluate biofilm formation from different serotypes of Salmonella spp. in both polystyrene plates and eggshells. Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Minnesota were both classified as producers of biofilms of moderate intensity. Interestingly, S. Gallinarum produces biofilm even though being a serotype without flagellum and not having the lux gene in its genome, suggesting that there might be other important structures and genes associated with biofilm formation. Regarding Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Typhimurium variant, and Heidelberg serotypes, despite having high counts, BFI (Biofilm Formation Index) showed low biofilm production, probably due to the scarcity of extracellular matrix produced by such strains. A turkey eggshell model was then used for S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg biofilm formation. The results from the microbial count and scanning electron microscopy showed that Salmonella serotypes were also able to generate biofilm in eggshells, suggesting the presence of biofilms in poultry producing farms, a main concern for the poultry production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L A P A Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thais F M Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eliane P Mendonça
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Roberta T Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil.
| | - Victor A S Penha
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A B M Peres
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G Hoepers
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Animal Health Corporative Area, Foods S/A, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Beletti
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Belchiolina B Fonseca
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Simpson KMJ, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Ward MP, Mor SM. Diversity of Salmonella serotypes from humans, food, domestic animals and wildlife in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:623. [PMID: 30518339 PMCID: PMC6280480 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is an important human pathogen in Australia and annual case rates continue to increase. In addition to foodborne exposures, cases have been associated with animal and contaminated environment contact. However, routine surveillance in Australia has tended to focus on humans and food, with no reported attempts to collate and compare Salmonella data from a wider range of potential sources of exposure. METHODS Salmonella data from humans, food, animals and environments were collated from a range of surveillance and diagnostic sources in New South Wales (NSW). Data were categorised to reflect one of 29 sample origins. Serotype diversity was described for each category, and the distribution of serotypes commonly isolated from humans was examined for each sample origin. The distribution of serotypes along the livestock-food-human continuum and at the companion animal-wildlife interface was also examined. RESULTS In total, 49,872 Salmonella isolates were included in this analysis, comprising 325 serotypes. The vast majority of these isolates were from humans (n = 38,106). Overall S. Typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype and was isolated from all sample categories except natural environment and game meat. S. Enteriditis was not isolated from any livestock animal, however sporadic cases were documented in food, companion animals and a reptile. Many serotypes that were frequently isolated from livestock animals and associated food products were only rarely isolated from humans. In addition, a number of key human serotypes were only sporadically isolated from livestock and food products, suggesting alternative sources of infection. In particular, S. Paratyphi B Java and S. Wangata were more often isolated from wild animals. Finally, there was some overlap between serotypes in companion animals and wildlife, with cats in particular having a large number of serotypes in common with wild birds. CONCLUSIONS This is the most comprehensive description of Salmonella data from humans, food, livestock, wildlife, companion animals and various environments in Australia reported to date. Results confirm that livestock and food are important sources of salmonellosis in humans but that alternative sources - such as contact with wildlife and environments - warrant further investigation. Surveillance in NSW is largely human-focussed: major knowledge gaps exist regarding the diversity and frequency of serotypes in animals. More systematic surveillance of domestic animals and wildlife is needed to inform targeted control strategies and quantitative source attribution modelling in this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. J. Simpson
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
| | - Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael P. Ward
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales Australia
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, Liverpool UK
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Robertson J, Yoshida C, Gurnik S, McGrogan M, Davis K, Arya G, Murphy SA, Nichani A, Nash JHE. An improved DNA array-based classification method for the identification of Salmonella serotypes shows high concordance between traditional and genotypic testing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207550. [PMID: 30513098 PMCID: PMC6279050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we developed and tested the Salmonella GenoSerotyping Array (SGSA), which utilized oligonucleotide probes for O- and H- antigen biomarkers to perform accurate molecular serotyping of 57 Salmonella serotypes. Here we describe the development and validation of the ISO 17025 accredited second version of the SGSA (SGSA v. 2) with reliable and unambiguous molecular serotyping results for 112 serotypes of Salmonella which were verified both in silico and in vitro. Improvements included an expansion of the probe sets along with a new classifier tool for prediction of individual antigens and overall serotype from the array probe intensity results. The array classifier and probe sequences were validated in silico to high concordance using 36,153 draft genomes of diverse Salmonella serotypes assembled from public repositories. We obtained correct and unambiguous serotype assignments for 31,924 (88.30%) of the tested samples and a further 3,916 (10.83%) had fully concordant antigen predictions but could not be assigned to a single serotype. The SGSA v. 2 can directly use bacterial colonies with a limit of detection of 860 CFU/mL or purified DNA template at a concentration of 1.0 x 10−1 ng/μl. The SGSA v. 2 was also validated in the wet laboratory and certified using panel of 406 samples representing 185 different serotypes with correct antigen and serotype determinations for 60.89% of the panel and 18.31% correctly identified but an ambiguous overall serotype determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Yoshida
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Gurnik
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison McGrogan
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Davis
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gitanjali Arya
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Murphy
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Nichani
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H. E. Nash
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Zhai L, Liu H, Chen Q, Lu Z, Zhang C, Lv F, Bie X. Development of a real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for the rapid detection of Salmonella spp. from food. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:255-261. [PMID: 30637640 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the most common foodborne infectious pathogen. This study aimed to develop a real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for detecting Salmonella in foods. Primers and a molecular beacon targeting the Salmonella-specific xcd gene were designed for mRNA transcription, and 48 Salmonella and 18 non-Salmonella strains were examined. The assay showed a high specificity and low detection limit for Salmonella (7 × 10-1 CFU/mL) after 12 h of pre-enrichment. Importantly, it could detect viable cells. Additionally, the efficacy of the NASBA assay was examined in the presence of pork background microbiota; it could detect Salmonella cells at 9.5 × 103 CFU/mL. Lastly, it was successfully used to detect Salmonella in pork, beef, and milk, and its detection limit was as low as 10 CFU/25 g (mL). The real-time NASBA assay developed in this study may be useful for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of Salmonella in food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Otto SJG, Ponich KL, Cassis R, Goertz C, Peters D, Checkley SL. Antimicrobial resistance of bovine Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica isolates from the Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Disease Investigation Program (2006-2014). Can Vet J 2018; 59:1195-1201. [PMID: 30410176 PMCID: PMC6190149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of clinical Salmonella spp. isolates from Alberta cattle, to inform antimicrobial stewardship decisions for Alberta bovine veterinarians and to provide data for national surveillance. Isolates were collected from cattle and serotyped by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry from 2006 to 2014. Susceptibility testing was completed using Canadian surveillance breakpoints. There were 81 unique Salmonella isolates from 72 visits to 27 farms. The majority of isolates were S. Typhimurium (66.7%) and S. Dublin (19.8%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was high in S. Typhimurium (89.1%) and S. Dublin (93.8%), including ceftiofur resistance (43.6% and 68.8%, respectively), while there was no resistance in other serotypes. As ceftiofur is a recommended treatment option for enteritis and septicemia caused by Salmonella in cattle, these results reinforce that obtaining bacterial culture and susceptibility results is critical for suspected cases of bovine salmonellosis in Alberta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J G Otto
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
| | - Katrina L Ponich
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
| | - Rashed Cassis
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
| | - Carol Goertz
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
| | - Delores Peters
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
| | - Sylvia L Checkley
- Animal Health Section, Animal Health and Assurance Branch (Otto, Peters), Agri-Food Laboratories Section, Food Safety Branch (Cassis, Goertz), Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto); Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ponich, Checkley)
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Henry AE, Letellier A, Côté JC, Desmarais G, Lachapelle V, Bergeron N, Lewandowsky SL, Fravalo P. Overlooked sources of Salmonella contamination in the pig production network: Slaughterhouse yard pathways and mudguards and carpets from transport trucks. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1105-1108. [PMID: 30510317 PMCID: PMC6135273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This report describes various Salmonella serovars which were found on often overlooked locations in a pig farm/slaughterhouse interface. These include slaughterhouse yard pathways and mudguards and carpets of transport trucks arriving at and departing from production sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Elayiz Henry
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Jean-Charles Côté
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Gabriel Desmarais
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Virginie Lachapelle
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Nadia Bergeron
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Sylvette L Lewandowsky
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Henry, Letellier, Côté, Desmarais, Lachapelle, Bergeron, Lewandowsky, Fravalo); Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments, 3190 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M1 (Lachapelle)
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Pontes PSD, Coutinho SDA, Iovine RDO, Cunha MPV, Knöbl T, Carvalho VMD. Survey on pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in captive cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:76-82. [PMID: 30170962 PMCID: PMC6328852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed healthy captive cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Cloacal swabs were collected from 94 cockatiels kept in commercial breeders, private residencies and pet shops in the cities of São Paulo/SP and Niterói/RJ (Brazil). Three strains of E. coli from each individual were tested for the presence of ExPEC-, APEC- and DEC-related genes. We evaluated the blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCMY, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, aadA, aphA, strAB, sul1, sul2, sul3, qnrA, qnrD, qnrB, qnrS, oqxAB, aac (6)'-Ib-cr, qepA resistance genes and markers for plasmid incompatibility groups. Salmonella spp. was not detected. E. coli was isolated in 10% of the animals (9/94). Four APEC genes (ironN, ompT, iss and hlyF) were detected in two strains (2/27-7%), and iss (1/27-4%) in one isolate. The highest resistance rates were observed with amoxicillin (22/27-82%), ampicillin (21/27-79%), streptomycin (18/27-67%), tetracycline (11/27-41%). Multiresistance was verified in 59% (16/27) of the isolates. We detected strAB, blaTEM, tetA, tetB, aadA, aphaA, sul1, sul2, sul3 resistance genes and plasmid Inc groups in 20 (74%) of the strains. E. coli isolated from these cockatiels are of epidemiological importance, since these pets could transmit pathogenic and multiresistant microorganisms to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silveira de Pontes
- Universidade Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Selene Dall' Acqua Coutinho
- Universidade Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata de Oliveira Iovine
- Universidade Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vania Maria de Carvalho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada da Vida Selvagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shang K, Wei B, Kang M. Distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:257. [PMID: 30165845 PMCID: PMC6117923 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a major zoonotic food-borne pathogen that persists on poultry farms, and animals undergo reinfection with endemic strains. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella within and between broiler farms that used enrofloxacin and those that did not. RESULTS Cloacal and environmental (litter, feed, and water) samples from two selected flocks in each of 12 farms owned by the same company were collected three times over a 30-day period of two production cycles during 2015-2016. The rate of Salmonella isolation was 7.8% (123/1584). Nine Salmonella serotypes (116 isolates) and seven untypable isolates were identified, and Salmonella Montevideo was the most prevalent serotype. Azithromycin-resistant (17.9%) and colistin-resistant (3.3%) isolates were detected, and multidrug-resistant isolates (43.1%) were also observed. No isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin; however, intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in farms that used enrofloxacin than in those that did not. The rate of multi-drug resistance among litter isolates (25/44, 56.8%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that among cloacal swab (24/67, 35.8%) and feed (4/12, 33.3%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of strains of the same serotype was conducted to determine their epidemiological relationship. The PFGE types were classified into 31 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for Salmonella Montevideo isolates, which showed 100% genomic identity based on age, sample type, flock, and production cycle within and between farms. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal transmission and cyclic contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms owned by the same company. Litter may be a good indicator of indoor environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella on farms. Additionally, enrofloxacin use may be one of the factors promoting resistance towards it in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
| | - Bai Wei
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
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Khan AS, Georges K, Rahaman S, Abdela W, Adesiyun AA. Prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella spp. on chickens sold at retail outlets in Trinidad. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202108. [PMID: 30138324 PMCID: PMC6107152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their serotypes on dressed chicken sold at retail outlets in Trinidad. The study also investigated the risk factors for contamination of dressed carcasses by Salmonella spp. at cottage poultry processor outlets where chickens are slaughtered and processed for sale. METHODS A total of 133 dressed, whole chickens and 87 chicken parts from 44 cottage poultry processors and 36 dressed, whole chickens and 194 chicken parts from 46 supermarket outlets were randomly collected throughout the country. Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. were performed using standard bacteriological techniques. Serotyping was performed by a regional reference laboratory. RESULTS The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcasses sampled from cottage poultry processors and supermarkets was 20.5% and 8.3% respectively (p <0.001). The frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. at cottage poultry processors was 22.4%, 23.0%, 7.1%, and 10.0% for non-chilled whole chicken, non-chilled chicken parts, chilled whole chicken and chilled chicken parts respectively. Fresh, non-chilled chicken (22.6%) yielded a higher frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. than chilled chickens (8.3%). For supermarket samples, the frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. was 19.0%, 8.1%, 0.0% and 7.6% for chilled whole chickens, chill chicken parts, frozen whole chicken and frozen chicken parts respectively. The swab method of sampling yielded a statistically significantly (p = 0.029) higher frequency (3.2%) of Salmonella spp. than the rinse method (1.6%). The predominant serotypes isolated were Kentucky (30.9%) and Javiana (22.7%). Use of chilled water-bath to cool carcasses was the only risk factor significantly (p = 0.044) associated with isolation of Salmonella spp. CONCLUSION Raw chicken carcasses purchased from cottage poultry processors pose a significantly higher risk of contamination with Salmonella spp. than those sold at supermarkets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa S. Khan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Karla Georges
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Saed Rahaman
- Veterinary Public Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Woubit Abdela
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, United States of America
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Crabb HK, Allen JL, Devlin JM, Firestone SM, Wilks CR, Gilkerson JR. Salmonella spp. transmission in a vertically integrated poultry operation: Clustering and diversity analysis using phenotyping (serotyping, phage typing) and genotyping (MLVA). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201031. [PMID: 30024964 PMCID: PMC6053207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of Salmonella enterica within a vertically integrated poultry operation was investigated longitudinally over an 18-month period (2013–2014). Thirty six percent of all samples collected (1503 of 4219) were positive for salmonellae with seven Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars, and one Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae serovar detected. Both Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Infantis and Typhimurium were detected in all locations sampled. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently detected serovar (63% of serotyped samples) with 8 phage types (PT) and 41 multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) profiles identified. The most frequently identified phage types were PT135a and DT135. A total of 62 PT/MLVA combinations were observed. MLVA profiles 03-14-10-09-525 and 03-15-11-11-525 were the most frequently identified and 83% of the isolates shared at least one MLVA profile with an isolate from another phage type. The use of phage typing and MLVA profiling, on their own or in combination, were insufficient to understand the complexity of the epidemiological relationships between locations within this production system. Despite the high level of apparent diversity, cluster analysis was unable to differentiate the transmission pathways of all S. Typhimurium variants detected within the integrated enterprise. Using additional epidemiological information, the parent breeder rearing site was identified as the most likely point of introduction of two S. Typhimurium isolates into the production system with subsequent dissemination to the broiler flocks via the hatchery. This complexity is unable to be resolved in the absence of intensive sampling programs at all generations of the production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kathleen Crabb
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanne Lee Allen
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Maree Devlin
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Matthew Firestone
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Reginald Wilks
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Rudkin Gilkerson
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Lo HY, Lai FP, Yang YJ. Changes in epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoid Salmonella in children in southern Taiwan, 1997-2016. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018; 53:585-591. [PMID: 30017562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the changing trends in serogroup distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) isolated from children in the past two decades in Taiwan. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled patients aged younger than 18 years with culture-proven NTS infection in a tertiary medical center from 1997 to 2016. Data on age, Salmonella serogroup, culture sample, and antimicrobial susceptibility were obtained from medical records. The rates of Salmonella serogroups and antimicrobial resistance were compared between period 1 (1997-2006) and period 2 (2007-2016). RESULTS A total of 2075 NTS isolates were identified from 1997 to 2016 (1036 in period 1, 1039 in period 2). The major isolates were from feces (89.1%) and blood (10.4%). The most common serogroup was serogroup B (54.8%), followed by serogroup D (18.8%). There was a significant decline in the proportion of serogroup B with a concomitant rise in serogroup D in the past two decades. In period 2, resistance to cefotaxime and cefixime increased remarkably among serogroup B, whereas resistance to ampicillin increased notably among serogroup D. Furthermore, the incidence of multidrug-resistant (≥3 antibiotics) NTS significantly decreased in both serogroup B and serogroup D in period 2. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant rise in serogroup D with a concomitant decline in serogroup B NTS infection in Taiwanese children. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins increased in serogroup B. Continuous surveillance of NTS serogroup distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility is mandatory to formulate therapeutic strategies for NTS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yu Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ping Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Gates AY, Guerra TM, Morrison FB, Forstner MRJ, Hardy TB, Hahn D. Detection of Salmonella in the intestine of Hypostomus plecostomus from the upper San Marcos River, Texas. J Water Health 2018; 16:460-471. [PMID: 29952334 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of salmonellae in the intestines of the invasive suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus was assessed in the San Marcos River, just down-stream of its spring-fed headwaters. In 2014, H. plecostomus, sediment, and water samples were collected during 15 sampling events. A combination of semi-selective enrichment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed the presence of salmonellae in 45% of the fish intestines across the entire year, with a prevalence range of 13-100% per sampling event. Repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a high diversity of salmonellae from fish intestine samples at individual sampling times, single or multiple presence of rep-PCR patterns and serotypes within individual fish, and identical rep-PCR patterns and serotypes for different fish within and across sampling events. Overall, 15 serotypes were identified by MLST, with a diversity range between one and seven serotypes per sampling event. Some serotypes were retrieved only once, while others were detected more frequently. A few serotypes were retrieved at several sampling times, nearly evenly distributed over the entire sampling period. Prevalence and diversity were independent of precipitation events, indicating the potential presence of environmental strains that are capable of long-term persistence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Gates
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
| | - Trina M Guerra
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
| | - Fritzina B Morrison
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
| | - Michael R J Forstner
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
| | - Thomas B Hardy
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
| | - Dittmar Hahn
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA E-mail:
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Okamura M, Kaneko M, Ojima S, Sano H, Shindo J, Shirafuji H, Yamamoto S, Tanabe T, Yoshikawa Y, Hu DL. Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:77-82. [PMID: 29491247 PMCID: PMC5877346 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter cause foodborne enteritis mainly via the consumption of raw/undercooked contaminated poultry meat and products. Broiler flocks are primarily colonized with these bacteria; however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. The present study was conducted in order to obtain further information on the prevalence and genotypic distribution of Salmonella and Campylobacter in free-living crows and broiler flocks in a region for 2 years, thereby facilitating estimations of the potential risk of transmission of C. jejuni from crows to broiler flocks. Salmonella serovars Bredeney and Derby were isolated from 8 and 3 out of 123 captured crows, respectively, both of which are not common in broiler chickens. Campylobacter were isolated from all 89 crows tested and C. jejuni was prevalent (85 crows). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed broad diversity in the crow isolates of C. jejuni. However, 3 crow isolates and 2 broiler isolates showing similar banding patterns were assigned to different sequence types in multi-locus sequence typing. These results indicate that crows do not share Salmonella serovars with broilers, and harbor various genotypes of C. jejuni that differ from those of broiler flocks. Thus, our results indicate that crows are not a potential vector of these bacteria to broiler flocks in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okamura
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Miyuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Hiroki Sano
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Junji Shindo
- Laboratory of Wildlife Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Subtropical Disease Control Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Diseases, Kyusyu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationChuzan, KagoshimaJapan
| | - Satomi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Taishi Tanabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of ScienceChoshi, ChibaJapan
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
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Kuijpers LMF, Chung P, Peeters M, Phoba MF, Kham C, Barbé B, Lunguya O, Jacobs J. Diagnostic accuracy of antigen-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Salmonella in blood culture broth. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518166 PMCID: PMC5843332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In low resource settings, Salmonella serovars frequently cause bloodstream infections. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which detect Salmonella antigens, when applied to stored grown blood culture broth. Material/Methods The SD Bioline One Step Salmonella Typhi Ag Rapid Detection Kit (Standard Diagnostics, Republic of Korea), marketed for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) in stool and the Salmonella Ag Rapid Test (Creative Diagnostics, USA), marketed for the detection of all Salmonella serotypes in stool, were selected for evaluation based on a pre-test evaluation of six RDT products. The limits of detection (LOD) for culture suspensions were established and the selected RDT products were assessed on 19 freshly grown spiked blood culture broth samples and 413 stored clinical blood culture broth samples, collected in Cambodia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Results The LOD of both products was established as 107−108 CFU/ml. When applied to clinical blood culture broth samples, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the SD Bioline RDT were respectively 100% and 79.7% for the detection of Salmonella Typhi; 94.4% (65/69) of false-positive results were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. When considering the combined detection of Salmonella Typhi and Enteritidis (both group D Salmonella), sensitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 98.5% respectively. For Creative Diagnostics, diagnostic sensitivity was 78.3% and specificity 91.0% for all Salmonella serotypes combined; 88.3% (53/60) of false negative results were caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A. Conclusions When applied to grown blood culture broths, the SD Bioline RDT had a good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Enteritidis. The Creative Diagnostics product had a moderate sensitivity and acceptable specificity for the detection of all Salmonella serovars combined and needs further optimization. A RDT that reliably detects Salmonella Paratyphi A is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. F. Kuijpers
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Panha Chung
- Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marjan Peeters
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Phoba
- National Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chun Kham
- Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Barbara Barbé
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- National Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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Li B, Liu C, Liu L, Li S, Fan N, Hou H, Jin J, Xing Y. [Prevalence and etiologic agent of Salmonella in livestock and poultry meats in Huai'an City during 2015-2016]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2018; 47:260-300. [PMID: 29903280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and etiologic agent of Salmonella in livestock and poultry meats, so as to provide data support for controlling contamination and effectively tracing of Salmonella. METHODS Livestock and poultry meats from 8 counties in Huaian from 2015 to 2016 were collected and analyzed for the occurrence of Salmonella according national testing standards. Then the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene and molecular subtyping traits of isolated strains were characterized. RESULTS Of the total 368 samples, 37( 10. 05%) tested positive for Salmonella. And the positive rate of chicken, duck, pork, beef and mutton were 14. 14%( 14/99), 11. 11%( 10/90), 10. 34%( 12/116) and 1. 59%( 1/63), respectively. 37 Salmonella isolates were separated into 8 serotypes and the main serotypes wereSalmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. The antimicrobial resistance test indicated Salmonella isolates showed highest resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid( 72. 97%), showed lowest resistance to cefoxitin( 8. 11%). And the resistance phenotypes of Salmonella isolates from different samples and serotypes were different. The carriage rate of inv H and sop E were highest in Salmonella enteritidis and the highest rates of inv H, sop E and rhu M in Salmonella typhimurium. PFGE showed that the pattern similarity of all Salmonella enteritidis was more than 81. 56% and the relationship between the strains with the same source was closer. PFGE pattern of Salmonella typhimurium were different. CONCLUSION The contamination with Salmonella of livestock and poultry meats in Huaian was serious, and the main serotypes were Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella isolates showed high drug resistance and high carriage rate of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Shuangshu Li
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Nailai Fan
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Haiyan Hou
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Yadong Xing
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an 223001, China
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