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Schmit N, Topazian HM, Natama HM, Bellamy D, Traoré O, Somé MA, Rouamba T, Tahita MC, Bonko MDA, Sourabié A, Sorgho H, Stockdale L, Provstgaard-Morys S, Aboagye J, Woods D, Rapi K, Datoo MS, Lopez FR, Charles GD, McCain K, Ouedraogo JB, Hamaluba M, Olotu A, Dicko A, Tinto H, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ, Ghani AC, Winskill P. The public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:465-475. [PMID: 38342107 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The R21/Matrix-M vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Using trial data, we aimed to estimate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccine introduction across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We fitted a semi-mechanistic model of the relationship between anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres and vaccine efficacy to data from 3 years of follow-up in the phase 2b trial of R21/Matrix-M in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We validated the model by comparing predicted vaccine efficacy to that observed over 12-18 months in the phase 3 trial. Integrating this framework within a mathematical transmission model, we estimated the cases, malaria deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and cost-effectiveness over a 15-year time horizon across a range of transmission settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Cost-effectiveness was estimated incorporating the cost of vaccine introduction (dose, consumables, and delivery) relative to existing interventions at baseline. We report estimates at a median of 20% parasite prevalence in children aged 2-10 years (PfPR2-10) and ranges from 3% to 65% PfPR2-10. FINDINGS Anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres were found to satisfy the criteria for a surrogate of protection for vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria. Age-based implementation of a four-dose regimen of R21/Matrix-M vaccine was estimated to avert 181 825 (range 38 815-333 491) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in perennial settings and 202 017 (29 868-405 702) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in seasonal settings. Similar estimates were obtained for seasonal or hybrid implementation. Under an assumed vaccine dose price of US$3, the incremental cost per clinical case averted was $7 (range 4-48) in perennial settings and $6 (3-63) in seasonal settings and the incremental cost per DALY averted was $34 (29-139) in perennial settings and $30 (22-172) in seasonal settings, with lower cost-effectiveness ratios in settings with higher PfPR2-10. INTERPRETATION Introduction of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine could have a substantial public health benefit across sub-Saharan Africa. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Medical Research Council, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 and 3, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and the Serum Institute of India, Open Philanthropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schmit
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Hillary M Topazian
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Magloire Natama
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Duncan Bellamy
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ousmane Traoré
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Massa Dit Achille Bonko
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboubakary Sourabié
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Lisa Stockdale
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Aboagye
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle Woods
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katerina Rapi
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mehreen S Datoo
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Giovanni D Charles
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kelly McCain
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso; Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Mainga Hamaluba
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Clinical Trials and Interventions Unit, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Alassane Dicko
- The Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Technology, and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso; Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Azra C Ghani
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Winskill
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lompo P, Heroes AS, Ouédraogo K, Okitale P, Wakpo A, Kalema J, Lunguya O, Tinto H, Affolabi D, Sangaré L, Jacobs J. Knowledge, awareness, and risk practices related to bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products among healthcare workers in sub-saharan Africa: a cross-sectional survey in three tertiary care hospitals (Benin, Burkina Faso, and DR Congo). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38627805 PMCID: PMC11020199 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can be contaminated with bacteria and cause healthcare-associated infections, which are underreported from low- and middle-income countries. To better understand the user-related risk factors, we conducted a knowledge, awareness, and practice survey among hospital staff in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire distributed among healthcare workers in three tertiary care hospitals (Burkina Faso, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo). RESULTS 617 healthcare workers (85.3% (para)medical and 14.7% auxiliary staff) participated. Less than half (45.5%) had been trained in Infection Prevention & Control (IPC), and only 15.7% were trained < 1 year ago. Near two-thirds (64.2%) preferred liquid soap for hand hygiene, versus 33.1% for alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR). Most (58.3%) expressed confidence in the locally available products. Knowledge of product categories, storage conditions and shelf-life was inadequate: eosin was considered as an antiseptic (47.5% of (para)medical staff), the shelf life and storage conditions (non-transparent container) of freshly prepared chlorine 0.5% were known by only 42.6% and 34.8% of participants, respectively. Approximately one-third of participants approved using tap water for preparation of chlorine 0.5% and liquid soap. Most participants (> 80%) disapproved recycling soft-drink bottles as liquid soap containers. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) declared that bacteria may be resistant to and survive in ABHR, versus 51.0% and 37.4% for povidone iodine and chlorine 0.5%, respectively. Depicted risk practices (n = 4) were ignored by 30 to 40% of participants: they included touching the rim or content of stock containers with compresses or small containers, storing of cotton balls soaked in an antiseptic, and hand-touching the spout of pump dispenser. Filling containers by topping-up was considered good practice by 18.3% of participants. Half (52.1%) of participants acknowledged indefinite reuse of containers. Besides small differences, the findings were similar across the study sites and professional groups. Among IPC-trained staff, proportions recognizing all 4 risk practices were higher compared to non-trained staff (35.9% versus 23.8%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The present findings can guide tailored training and IPC implementation at the healthcare facility and national levels, and sensitize stakeholders' and funders' interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palpouguini Lompo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Sophie Heroes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Kadija Ouédraogo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Patient Okitale
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Abel Wakpo
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Jocelyne Kalema
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
- Département de Microbiologie, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Av. De la Démocratie N°5345, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, BP 127, Kinshasa, Congo
- Département de Microbiologie, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Av. De la Démocratie N°5345, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Ouagadougou, 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Dissou Affolabi
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7022, Burkina Faso
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, Box 5401, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Barry H, Lhomme E, Surénaud M, Nouctara M, Robinson C, Bockstal V, Valea I, Somda S, Tinto H, Meda N, Greenwood B, Thiébaut R, Lacabaratz C. Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011500. [PMID: 38603720 PMCID: PMC11037528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p < .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houreratou Barry
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edouard Lhomme
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Information, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Surénaud
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Moumini Nouctara
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Innocent Valea
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Somda
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi BONI, UFR Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- UFR Sciences de la santé, Université joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Brian Greenwood
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Information, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
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Stepniewska K, Allan R, Anvikar AR, Anyorigiya TA, Ashley EA, Bassat Q, Baudin E, Bjorkman A, Bonnet M, Boulton C, Bousema T, Carn G, Carrara VI, D'Alessandro U, Davis TME, Denoeud-Ndam L, Desai M, Djimde AA, Dorsey G, Etard JF, Falade C, Fanello C, Gaye O, Gonzalez R, Grandesso F, Grivoyannis AD, Grais RF, Humphreys GS, Ishengoma DS, Karema C, Kayentao K, Kennon K, Kremsner P, Laman M, Laminou IM, Macete E, Martensson A, Mayxay M, Menan HIB, Menéndez C, Moore BR, Nabasumba C, Ndiaye JL, Nhama A, Nosten F, Onyamboko M, Phyo AP, Ramharter M, Rosenthal PJ, Schramm B, Sharma YD, Sirima SB, Strub-Wourgaft N, Sylla K, Talisuna AO, Temu EA, Thwing JI, Tinto H, Valentini G, White NJ, Yeka A, Isanaka S, Barnes KI, Guerin PJ. Does acute malnutrition in young children increase the risk of treatment failure following artemisinin-based combination therapy? A WWARN individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e631-e640. [PMID: 38485430 PMCID: PMC10951956 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The geographical, demographic, and socioeconomic distributions of malaria and malnutrition largely overlap. It remains unknown whether malnutrition affects the efficacy of WHO-recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). A previous systematic review was inconclusive as data were sparse and heterogeneous, indicating that other methodological approaches, such as individual patient data meta-analysis, should be considered. The objective of this study was to conduct such a meta-analysis to assess the effect of malnutrition (wasting and stunting) on treatment outcomes in children younger than 5 years treated with an ACT for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of individual patient data from studies identified through a systematic review of literature published between 1980 and 2018 in PubMed, Global Health, and Cochrane Libraries (PROSPERO CRD42017056934) and inspection of the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) repository for ACT efficacy studies, including children younger than 5 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The association of either acute (wasting) or chronic (stunting) malnutrition with day 42 PCR-adjusted risk of recrudescence (ie, return of the same infection) or reinfection after therapy was investigated using Cox regression, and with day 2 parasite positivity using logistic regression. FINDINGS Data were included from all 36 studies targeted, 31 from Africa. Of 11 301 eligible children in 75 study sites, 11·5% were wasted (weight-for-height Z score [WHZ] <-2), and 31·8% were stunted (height-for-age Z score [HAZ] <-2). Decrease in WHZ was associated with increased risk of day 2 positivity (adjusted odds ratio 1·12, 95% CI 1·05-1·18 per unit; p=0·0002), treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1·14, 95% CI 1·02-1·26, p=0·016), and reinfection after therapy (AHR 1·09, 1·04-1·13, p=0·0003). Children with milder wasting (WHZ -2 to -1) also had a higher risk of recrudescence (AHR 1·85, 1·29-2·65, p=0·0008 vs WHZ ≥0). Stunting was not associated with reduced ACT efficacy. INTERPRETATION Children younger than 5 years with acute malnutrition and presenting with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were at higher risk of delayed parasite clearance, ACT treatment failure, and reinfections. Stunting was more prevalent, but not associated with changes in ACT efficacy. Acute malnutrition is known to impact medicine absorption and metabolism. Further study to inform dose optimisation of ACTs in wasted children is urgently needed. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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5
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Datoo MS, Dicko A, Tinto H, Ouédraogo JB, Hamaluba M, Olotu A, Beaumont E, Ramos Lopez F, Natama HM, Weston S, Chemba M, Compaore YD, Issiaka D, Salou D, Some AM, Omenda S, Lawrie A, Bejon P, Rao H, Chandramohan D, Roberts R, Bharati S, Stockdale L, Gairola S, Greenwood BM, Ewer KJ, Bradley J, Kulkarni PS, Shaligram U, Hill AVS. Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2024; 403:533-544. [PMID: 38310910 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we found that a new malaria vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, had over 75% efficacy against clinical malaria with seasonal administration in a phase 2b trial in Burkina Faso. Here, we report on safety and efficacy of the vaccine in a phase 3 trial enrolling over 4800 children across four countries followed for up to 18 months at seasonal sites and 12 months at standard sites. METHODS We did a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine across five sites in four African countries with differing malaria transmission intensities and seasonality. Children (aged 5-36 months) were enrolled and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 5 μg R21 plus 50 μg Matrix-M or a control vaccine (licensed rabies vaccine [Abhayrab]). Participants, their families, investigators, laboratory teams, and the local study team were masked to treatment. Vaccines were administered as three doses, 4 weeks apart, with a booster administered 12 months after the third dose. Half of the children were recruited at two sites with seasonal malaria transmission and the remainder at standard sites with perennial malaria transmission using age-based immunisation. The primary objective was protective efficacy of R21/Matrix-M from 14 days after third vaccination to 12 months after completion of the primary series at seasonal and standard sites separately as co-primary endpoints. Vaccine efficacy against multiple malaria episodes and severe malaria, as well as safety and immunogenicity, were also assessed. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04704830, and is ongoing. FINDINGS From April 26, 2021, to Jan 12, 2022, 5477 children consented to be screened, of whom 1705 were randomly assigned to control vaccine and 3434 to R21/Matrix-M; 4878 participants received the first dose of vaccine. 3103 participants in the R21/Matrix-M group and 1541 participants in the control group were included in the modified per-protocol analysis (2412 [51·9%] male and 2232 [48·1%] female). R21/Matrix-M vaccine was well tolerated, with injection site pain (301 [18·6%] of 1615 participants) and fever (754 [46·7%] of 1615 participants) as the most frequent adverse events. Number of adverse events of special interest and serious adverse events did not significantly differ between the vaccine groups. There were no treatment-related deaths. 12-month vaccine efficacy was 75% (95% CI 71-79; p<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 68% (61-74; p<0·0001) at the standard sites for time to first clinical malaria episode. Similarly, vaccine efficacy against multiple clinical malaria episodes was 75% (71-78; p<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 67% (59-73; p<0·0001) at standard sites. A modest reduction in vaccine efficacy was observed over the first 12 months of follow-up, of similar size at seasonal and standard sites. A rate reduction of 868 (95% CI 762-974) cases per 1000 children-years at seasonal sites and 296 (231-362) at standard sites occurred over 12 months. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved central Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) repeat sequence of circumsporozoite protein correlated with vaccine efficacy. Higher NANP-specific antibody titres were observed in the 5-17 month age group compared with 18-36 month age group, and the younger age group had the highest 12-month vaccine efficacy on time to first clinical malaria episode at seasonal (79% [95% CI 73-84]; p<0·001) and standard (75% [65-83]; p<0·001) sites. INTERPRETATION R21/Matrix-M was well tolerated and offered high efficacy against clinical malaria in African children. This low-cost, high-efficacy vaccine is already licensed by several African countries, and recently received a WHO policy recommendation and prequalification, offering large-scale supply to help reduce the great burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. FUNDING The Serum Institute of India, the Wellcome Trust, the UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and Open Philanthropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen S Datoo
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Clinical Research Unit of Bougouni-Ouelessebougou, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Mainga Hamaluba
- Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast (KEMRI-CGMRC), Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Ally Olotu
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Emma Beaumont
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fernando Ramos Lopez
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sophie Weston
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Mwajuma Chemba
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- Clinical Research Unit of Bougouni-Ouelessebougou, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Diallo Salou
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Athanase M Some
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sharon Omenda
- Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast (KEMRI-CGMRC), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Alison Lawrie
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast (KEMRI-CGMRC), Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Rachel Roberts
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lisa Stockdale
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Bradley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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van der Sande M, Ingelbeen B, Meudec M, van Kleef E, Campbell L, Wouters E, Marien J, van Vredendaal R, Leirs H, Valia D, Yougbare S, Kouanda Juste S, Welgo A, Tinto H, Mpanzu D, Mbangi B, Khoso Muaka CA, Kiabanza O, Melanda A, Makuaya R, Ndomba D, Diagne PM, Heyerdahl L, Giles-Vernick T, Van Puyvelde S, Cooper B. Evaluating the effect of a behavioural intervention bundle on antibiotic use, quality of care, and household transmission of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in intervention versus control clusters in rural Burkina Faso and DR Congo (CABU-EICO). Trials 2024; 25:91. [PMID: 38281023 PMCID: PMC10821568 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising threat in low-resource settings, largely driven by transmission in the community, outside health facilities. Inappropriate antibiotic use is one of the main modifiable drivers of AMR. Its risk is especially high in poor resource settings, with limited diagnostic and surveillance capacities, and many informal medicine vendors determining community use. We hypothesise that to optimise community antibiotic use, especially Watch antibiotics (recommended only as first-choice for more severe clinical presentations or for causative pathogens likely to be resistant to Access antibiotics), both the supply side (medicine vendors) and the demand side (communities) should be pro-actively involved in any intervention. METHODS In two existing demographic health surveillance sites (HDSS) in Burkina Faso and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, behavioural intervention bundles were co-created in a participatory approach, aiming to rationalise (Watch) antibiotic use and improve hygiene and sanitation practices. Bundles consisted of interactive interventions, including theatre, posters, discussions, etc. To evaluate impact, 11 of 22 clusters (a HDSS community with at least one (in)formal medicine vendor) were randomly assigned to this intervention, which will run over a year. The effect of the intervention will be evaluated by comparing outcomes before and after in intervention and control villages from a) exit interviews of clients from vendors, b) mystery patients presenting to vendors with a set of predefined symptoms, c) household interviews to assess behavioural changes related to antibiotic use, health literacy and water-sanitation-hygiene indicators. Long-term impact on AMR will be estimated by modelling changes in resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage from repeated household surveys before, during and after the intervention in both arms. DISCUSSION Most existing interventions aimed at improving antibiotic use focus on health care use, but in resource-limited settings, community use is highly prevalent. Previous studies targeting only providers failed to show an effect on antibiotic use. Evaluation will be done with before-after epidemiological measurements of actual prescriptions and use. If effective in reducing (Watch) antibiotic use, this would be an empowering methodology for communities, which has significant promise for long-term impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05378880 . 13 May 2022.
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7
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Neyer PJ, Kaboré B, Nakas CT, Diallo S, Tinto H, Post A, van der Ven AJ, Huber AR, Largiadèr CR, Hammerer-Lercher A. Increased erythroferrone levels in malarial anaemia. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38279554 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the diagnostic potential of erythroferrone as a biomarker for iron homeostasis comparing iron deficiency cases with anaemia of inflammation and controls. The dysregulation of the hepcidin axis was observed by Latour et al. in a mouse model of malarial anaemia induced by prolonged Plasmodium infection leading to increased erythroferrone concentrations. In line with that, we found significantly higher erythroferrone levels in cases with malaria and anaemia in an African population, compared to asymptomatic controls. Therefore, our findings extend the previous ones of the mouse model, suggesting also a dysregulation of the hepcidin axis in humans, which should be further corroborated in prospective studies and may lay the basis for the development of improved treatment strategies according to ERFE concentrations in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Christos T Nakas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Salou Diallo
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Annelies Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre J van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas R Huber
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Carlo R Largiadèr
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Lingani M, Zango SH, Valéa I, Samadoulougou S, Sanou MA, Sorgho H, Sawadogo E, Dramaix M, Donnen P, Annie R, Tinto H. Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among pregnant women in a high malaria transmission setting: a cross-sectional study in rural Burkina Faso. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:2. [PMID: 38371648 PMCID: PMC10870159 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.2.40612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction anemia, the commonest nutritional deficiency disorder among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, is associated with severe peripartum complications. Its regular monitoring is necessary to timely inform clinical and preventive decision-making. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Burkina Faso. Methods between August 2019 and March 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted to collect maternal sociodemographic, gynaeco-obstetric, and medical characteristics by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. In addition, maternal malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and the hemoglobin levels (Hb) measured by spectrophotometry. The proportion of anaemia (Hb<11.0 g/dL), moderate (7.0 Results of 594 pregnant women assessed, the mean hemoglobin level (± standard deviation) was 10.7 (±0.1) g/dL, and the prevalence of anemia was 54.4% (323/594). The proportion of moderate, and severe anemia among pregnant women was 49.2% (95% CI: 45.1%-53.2%), and 5.2% (95% CI: 3.7%-7.3%) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the young maternal age (<20 years old) (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and the presence of malaria (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2) were independently associated with the presence of maternal anemia. Conclusion anemia remains common in the study setting and interventions to strengthen malaria prevention in pregnancy, particularly among young adolescent pregnant women, are required to prevent maternal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Lingani
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Henri Zango
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Moussa Abdel Sanou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Edmond Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Michèle Dramaix
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Philippe Donnen
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Robert Annie
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Division, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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Konaté B, Médah R, Traoré I, Ouedraogo S, Kaboré NF, Mamguem AK, Billa O, Kania D, Badolo H, Ouédraogo E, de Rekeneire N, Poda A, Diendéré AE, Ouédraogo B, Tinto H, Dabakuyo-Yonli TS. A Qualitative Study of the Experience of COVID-19 Patients in Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:170-178. [PMID: 38109766 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In Burkina Faso, the health system is characterized by systemic insufficient and antiquated health-care infrastructures. Consequently, few health-care establishments have the required resources to diagnose and manage patients with COVID-19, and fewer still have intensive care facilities for severely ill patients with COVID. Furthermore, there is a widespread scarcity of qualified health-care staff. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with COVID-19 who recovered after being cared for in Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou. Using individual semistructured interviews, we performed a cross-sectional qualitative, descriptive study from June 12 to 30, 2020 with the aid of 13 well-educated patients who had survived COVID-19. The results reveal that prior to hospital admission, the main reason that prompted patients to seek care was onset of symptoms of COVID-19, regardless of whether they had been in contact with suspected or confirmed cases. Transmission was mainly believed to have occurred in the community, in the hospital, and during travel. Patient management was punctuated by frequent self-medication with medicinal plants or pharmaceutical drugs. The participants reported a negative perception of hospitalization or home-based management, with several forms of stigmatization, but a positive perception influenced by the satisfactory quality of management in health-care centers. This report of patient experiences could be helpful in improving the management of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, both in the health-care setting and in home-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blahima Konaté
- Institut des Sciences des Sociétés, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Isidore Traoré
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Ariane Kamga Mamguem
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231, Georges François Leclerc Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Dijon, France
| | - Oumar Billa
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231, Georges François Leclerc Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Dijon, France
| | | | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Nathalie de Rekeneire
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Armel Poda
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaires Sanou Souro, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Boukary Ouédraogo
- Direction des Systèmes d'Information en Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231, Georges François Leclerc Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Dijon, France
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10
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Koita K, Bognini JD, Agboraw E, Dembélé M, Yabré S, Bihoun B, Coulibaly O, Niangaly H, N'Takpé JB, Lesosky M, Scaramuzzi D, Worrall E, Hill J, Briand V, Tinto H, Kayentao K. Increasing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) through seasonal malaria chemoprevention channel delivery: protocol of a multicenter cluster randomized implementation trial in Mali and Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38166711 PMCID: PMC10763117 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains unacceptably low, with more than two-thirds of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa still not accessing the three or more doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In contrast, the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), a more recent strategy recommended by the WHO for malaria prevention in children under five years living in Sahelian countries with seasonal transmission, including Mali and Burkina-Faso, is high (up to 90%). We hypothesized that IPTp-SP delivery to pregnant women through SMC alongside antenatal care (ANC) will increase IPTp-SP coverage, boost ANC attendance, and increase public health impact. This protocol describes the approach to assess acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the integrated strategy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre, cluster-randomized, implementation trial of IPTp-SP delivery through ANC + SMC vs ANC alone in 40 health facilities and their catchment populations (20 clusters per arm). The intervention will consist of monthly administration of IPTp-SP through four monthly rounds of SMC during the malaria transmission season (July to October), for two consecutive years. Effectiveness of the strategy to increase coverage of three or more doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp3 +) will be assessed using household surveys and ANC exit interviews. Statistical analysis of IPT3 + and four or more ANC uptake will use a generalized linear mixed model. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with health workers, pregnant women, and women with a child < 12 months. DISCUSSION This multicentre cluster randomized implementation trial powered to detect a 45% and 22% increase in IPTp-SP3 + uptake in Mali and Burkina-Faso, respectively, will generate evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP delivered through the ANC + SMC channel. The intervention is designed to facilitate scalability and translation into policy by leveraging existing resources, while strengthening local capacities in research, health, and community institutions. Findings will inform the local national malaria control policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered on August 11th, 2022; registration # PACTR202208844472053. Protocol v4.0 dated September 04, 2023. Trail sponsor: University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiatou Koita
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases (DEAP), Faculty of Medicine Odontostomatology, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Joel D Bognini
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Efundem Agboraw
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Biology, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mahamadou Dembélé
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases (DEAP), Faculty of Medicine Odontostomatology, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Yabré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Biébo Bihoun
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumou Coulibaly
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases (DEAP), Faculty of Medicine Odontostomatology, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hamidou Niangaly
- Département Etudes, Institut National de Santé Publique, Recherches Médicale Et Communautaire, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jean-Batiste N'Takpé
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dario Scaramuzzi
- R-Evolution Worldwide Srl Impresa Sociale (REvoWWIS), Naples, Italy
| | - Eve Worrall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenny Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valérie Briand
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases (DEAP), Faculty of Medicine Odontostomatology, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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11
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Dicko A, Ouedraogo JB, Zongo I, Sagara I, Cairns M, Yerbanga RS, Issiaka D, Zoungrana C, Sidibe Y, Tapily A, Nikièma F, Sompougdou F, Sanogo K, Kaya M, Yalcouye H, Dicko OM, Diarra M, Diarra K, Thera I, Haro A, Sienou AA, Traore S, Mahamar A, Dolo A, Kuepfer I, Snell P, Grant J, Webster J, Milligan P, Lee C, Ockenhouse C, Ofori-Anyinam O, Tinto H, Djimde A, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B. Seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 E vaccine with or without seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children up to the age of 5 years in Burkina Faso and Mali: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:75-86. [PMID: 37625434 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine combined with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) prevented malaria in young children more effectively than either intervention given alone over a 3 year period. The objective of this study was to establish whether the added protection provided by the combination could be sustained for a further 2 years. METHODS This was a double-blind, individually randomised, controlled, non-inferiority and superiority, phase 3 trial done at two sites: the Bougouni district and neighbouring areas in Mali and Houndé district, Burkina Faso. Children who had been enrolled in the initial 3-year trial when aged 5-17 months were initially randomly assigned individually to receive SMC with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine plus control vaccines, RTS,S/AS01E plus placebo SMC, or SMC plus RTS,S/AS01E. They continued to receive the same interventions until the age of 5 years. The primary trial endpoint was the incidence of clinical malaria over the 5-year trial period in both the modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations. Over the 5-year period, non-inferiority was defined as a 20% increase in clinical malaria in the RTS,S/AS01E-alone group compared with the SMC alone group. Superiority was defined as a 12% difference in the incidence of clinical malaria between the combined and single intervention groups. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04319380, and is complete. FINDINGS In April, 2020, of 6861 children originally recruited, 5098 (94%) of the 5433 children who completed the initial 3-year follow-up were re-enrolled in the extension study. Over 5 years, the incidence of clinical malaria per 1000 person-years at risk was 313 in the SMC alone group, 320 in the RTS,S/AS01E-alone group, and 133 in the combined group. The combination of RTS,S/AS01E and SMC was superior to SMC (protective efficacy 57·7%, 95% CI 53·3 to 61·7) and to RTS,S/AS01E (protective efficacy 59·0%, 54·7 to 62·8) in preventing clinical malaria. RTS,S/AS01E was non-inferior to SMC (hazard ratio 1·03 [95% CI 0·95 to 1·12]). The protective efficacy of the combination versus SMC over the 5-year period of the study was very similar to that seen in the first 3 years with the protective efficacy of the combination versus SMC being 57·7% (53·3 to 61·7) and versus RTS/AS01E-alone being 59·0% (54·7 to 62·8). The comparable figures for the first 3 years of the study were 62·8% (58·4 to 66·8) and 59·6% (54·7 to 64·0%), respectively. Hospital admissions for WHO-defined severe malaria were reduced by 66·8% (95% CI 40·3 to 81·5), for malarial anaemia by 65·9% (34·1 to 82·4), for blood transfusion by 68·1% (32·6 to 84·9), for all-cause deaths by 44·5% (2·8 to 68·3), for deaths excluding external causes or surgery by 41·1% (-9·2 to 68·3), and for deaths from malaria by 66·8% (-2·7 to 89·3) in the combined group compared with the SMC alone group. No safety signals were detected. INTERPRETATION Substantial protection against malaria was sustained over 5 years by combining seasonal malaria vaccination with seasonal chemoprevention, offering a potential new approach to malaria control in areas with seasonal malaria transmission. FUNDING UK Joint Global Health Trials and PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative (through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation). TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alassane Dicko
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issaka Zongo
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issaka Sagara
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Matthew Cairns
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Charles Zoungrana
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Youssoufa Sidibe
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Tapily
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Frédéric Nikièma
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frédéric Sompougdou
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Kaya
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hama Yalcouye
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Mohamed Dicko
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Modibo Diarra
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kalifa Diarra
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ismaila Thera
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Haro
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Aziz Sienou
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Seydou Traore
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amagana Dolo
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Irene Kuepfer
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Snell
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Grant
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jayne Webster
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Milligan
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut des Sciences et Techniques-Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Djimde
- The Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Technology and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daniel Chandramohan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Garba Z, Kaboré B, Bonkoungou IJO, Natama MH, Rouamba T, Haukka K, Kirveskari JP, Tinto H, Sangaré L, Barro N, Kantele A. Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase and AmpC-β-Lactamase Production among Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38247589 PMCID: PMC10812623 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are sparse across numerous African countries, as microbiological analyses are not routinely conducted and surveillance data are not collected. Accordingly, clinical samples are not routinely tested for carbapenem-resistant bacteria and, therefore, the general understanding of their prevalence in the region remains limited. Methods: Between January 2020 and June 2022, we collected extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) isolates from five hospitals in Burkina Faso. After an initial culture on ESBL-selective media, the species were identified using API20E and isolates were tested against 13 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar. ESBL production was confirmed via a double-disc synergy test. Production of carbapenemases and AmpC-β-lactamases and phenotypic co-resistance were determined. Results: Among the 473 ESBL-PE, 356 were ESBL-E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 117 were Klebsiella spp. (ESBL-K). Of these isolates, 5.3% were carbapenemase and 5.3% were AmpC-β-lactamase-positive. Three types of carbapenemases were identified: 19 NDM, 3 OXA-48-like and 1 VIM. Two isolates produced both NDM and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Carbapenemase producers were detected at all levels of healthcare. Co-resistance rates were up to 85% for aminoglycosides, 90% for sulfonamides, 95% for fluoroquinolones and 25% for chloramphenicol. Fosfomycin resistance was 6% for ESBL-Ec and 49% for ESBL-K (49%). Conclusions: Some of the ESBL-Ec and ESBL-K co-produced carbapenemases and/or AmpC-β-lactamases at all healthcare levels and in various sample types with high co-resistance rates to non-betalactams. Carbapenem resistance is no longer rare, calling for testing in routine diagnostics, a comprehensive resistance surveillance system and infection control within healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Garba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (I.J.O.B.); (N.B.)
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso; (B.K.); (M.H.N.); (T.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso; (B.K.); (M.H.N.); (T.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Isidore J. O. Bonkoungou
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (I.J.O.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Magloire H. Natama
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso; (B.K.); (M.H.N.); (T.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso; (B.K.); (M.H.N.); (T.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha P. Kirveskari
- Helsinki Innovation Services Ltd., University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso; (B.K.); (M.H.N.); (T.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Department of Health Sciences, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (I.J.O.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center MeiVac, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Garba Z, Bonkoungou IOJ, Millogo NO, Natama HM, Vokouma PAP, Bonko MDA, Karama I, Tiendrebeogo LAW, Haukka K, Tinto H, Sangaré L, Barro N. Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:351. [PMID: 37978428 PMCID: PMC10655474 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread into the environment worldwide posing a potential public health threat. However, the prevalence data for low- and middle-income countries are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing and multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in wastewaters from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. RESULTS Eighty-four (84) wastewater samples were collected from five healthcare centers and plated on selective ESBL ChromAgar. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified using API20E. ESBL-producing bacteria were detected in 97.6% of the samples and their average concentration per hospital ranged from 1.10 × 105 to 5.23 × 106 CFU/mL. Out of 170 putative ESBL-producing isolates (64% of them were E. coli) and 51 putative AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates, 95% and 45% were confirmed, respectively. Carbapenemase production was detected in 10 isolates, of which 6 were NDM producers, 3 were OXA-48 producers and 1 was NDM and OXA-48 producer. All isolates were multidrug resistant and, moreover, all of them were resistant to all tested β-lactams. Resistance to ESBL inhibitors was also common, up to 66% in E. coli and 62% in K. pneumoniae. Amikacin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin were the antibiotics to which the least resistance was detected. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that wastewater from healthcare centers constitutes a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Burkina Faso, including carbapenemase producers. Untreated healthcare wastewater entering the environment exposes people and animals to infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria, which are difficult to treat, especially in the resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Garba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
| | - Isidore O J Bonkoungou
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nadège O Millogo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - H Magloire Natama
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Pingdwendé A P Vokouma
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Massa Dit A Bonko
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahima Karama
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Kaisa Haukka
- Department of Microbiology and Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Department of Health Sciences, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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14
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Ouedraogo S, Traoré IT, Kania D, Kaboré NF, Mamguem Kamga A, Badolo H, Yara M, Sanou G, Koné A, Kagoné ST, Ouédraogo E, Konaté B, Médah R, de Rekeneire N, Poda A, Diendere AE, Ouédraogo B, Billa O, Paradis G, Tinto H, Dabakuyo‐Yonli TS. The burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 virus infection in Burkina Faso: Results from a World Health Organization UNITY population-based, age-stratified sero-epidemiological investigation. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13216. [PMID: 38019697 PMCID: PMC10655778 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). METHODS We collected from March to April 2021 blood samples from randomly selected residents in both main cities based on the World Health Organization (WHO) sero-epidemiological investigations protocols and tested them with WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits intended for qualitative assessment. We also recorded participants' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and information on exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data were analysed with descriptive and comparative statistics. RESULTS We tested 5240 blood samples collected between 03 March and 16 April 2021. The overall test-adjusted seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was (67.8% [95% CI 65.9-70.2]) (N = 3553/3982). Seroprevalence was highest among participants aged 15-18 years old (74.2% [95% CI 70.5-77.5]) (N = 465/627), compared with those aged 10-14 years old (62.6% [95% CI 58.7-66.4]) (N = 395/631), or those over 18 (67.6% [95% CI 66.2-69.1]) (N = 2693/3982). Approximately 71.0% (601/860) of participants aged 10-18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies experienced no clinical COVID-19 symptoms in the weeks before the survey, compared with 39.3% (1059/2693) among those aged over 18 years old. CONCLUSION This study reports the results of the first known large serological survey in the general population of Burkina Faso. It shows high circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the two cities and a high proportion of asymptomatic adolescents. Further studies are needed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 variants and to elucidate the factors protecting some infected individuals from developing clinical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiratou Ouedraogo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ)MontrealQuebecCanada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA)Université Nazi BoniBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Ariane Mamguem Kamga
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231Georges Francois Leclerc Centre—UNICANCERDijonFrance
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Mimbouré Yara
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP)Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Guillaume Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeInstitut National de Santé PubliqueOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Amariane Koné
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Esperance Ouédraogo
- Département de médicine, pharmacopée traditionnelle et pharmacieInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Blahima Konaté
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Institut des Sciences des Sociétés (INSS)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Rachel Médah
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | - Nathalie de Rekeneire
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé PubliqueBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Expertise FranceParisFrance
| | - Armel Poda
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA)Université Nazi BoniBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
- Service des maladies infectieusesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô SanouBobo‐DioulassoBurkina Faso
| | | | - Boukary Ouédraogo
- Direction des systèmes d'information en santé (DSIS), Ministère de la santé et de l'hygiène publiqueOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Oumar Billa
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231Georges Francois Leclerc Centre—UNICANCERDijonFrance
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ)MontrealQuebecCanada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)—Unité de Recherche Clinique de NanoroCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
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15
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Kabalu Tshiongo J, Luzolo F, Kabena M, Kuseke L, Djimde M, Mitashi P, Lumbala C, Kayentao K, Menting S, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Lutumba P, Tinto H, Muhindo Mavoko H, Maketa V. Performance of ultra-sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malar J 2023; 22:322. [PMID: 37872634 PMCID: PMC10594769 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low peripheral parasitaemia caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in the placenta hampers the diagnosis of malaria in pregnant women, leading to microscopy or conventional rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) false-negative results. Although mainly asymptomatic, maternal malaria remains harmful to pregnant women and their offspring in endemic settings and must be adequately diagnosed. Ultra-sensitive RDTs (uRDTs) are thought to be more sensitive than RDTs, and their diagnostic performance was assessed in the current study in pregnant women living in Kinshasa, a stable malaria transmission area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. METHODS To assess and compare the diagnostic performances of both RDTs and uRDTs, 497 peripheral blood samples were tested using microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as the index and the reference tests, respectively. The agreement between the different diagnostic tests assessed was estimated by Cohen's Kappa test. RESULTS The median parasite density by qPCR was 292 p/μL of blood [IQR (49.7-1137)]. Using qPCR as the reference diagnostic test, the sensitivities of microscopy, RDT and uRDT were respectively [55.7% (95% CI 47.6-63.6)], [81.7% (95%CI 74.7-87.3)] and [88% (95% CI 81.9-92.6)]. The specificities of the tests were calculated at 98.5% (95% CI 96.6-99.5), 95.2% (95% CI 92.5-97.2) and 94.4% (95% CI 91.4-96.6) for microscopy, RDT and uRDT, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and uRDT was almost perfect (Kappa = 0.82). For parasite density (qPCR) below 100 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was 62% (95% CI 47.1-75.3) compared to 68% (95% CI 53.3-80.4) for uRDT. Between 100 and 200 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was higher, but still lower compared to uRDT: 89.4% (95% CI 66.8-98.7) for RDT versus 100% (95% CI 82.3-100) for uRDT. In both cases, microscopy was lower, with 20% (95% CI 10-33.7) and 47.3% (95% CI 24.4-71.1) respectively. CONCLUSIONS uRDT has the potential to improve malaria management in pregnant women as it has been found to be slightly more sensitive than RDT in the detection of malaria in pregnant women but the difference was not significant. Microscopy has a more limited value for the diagnosis of malaria during the pregnancy, because of its lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory for Experimental Parasitology, Academic Medical Centres at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Flory Luzolo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Melissa Kabena
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Lise Kuseke
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Moussa Djimde
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory for Experimental Parasitology, Academic Medical Centres at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick Mitashi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Crispin Lumbala
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Sandra Menting
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory for Experimental Parasitology, Academic Medical Centres at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra F Mens
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory for Experimental Parasitology, Academic Medical Centres at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory for Experimental Parasitology, Academic Medical Centres at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lutumba
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institut Supérieur Des Techniques Médicales de Kinshasa (ISTM-Kinshasa), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé - Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vivi Maketa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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16
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Sondo P, Kaboré B, Rouamba T, Compaoré E, Tibiri YNG, Kaboré HAELF, Derra K, Tahita MC, Ilboudo H, Tougri G, Bouda I, Dakyo T, Kafando H, Ouédraogo F, Rouamba E, Hien SVF, Kazienga A, Compaoré CS, Bambara E, Nana M, Dahal P, Garanet F, Kaboré W, Léfèvre T, Guerin P, Tinto H. Enhanced effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention when coupled with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial. Malar J 2023; 22:315. [PMID: 37853408 PMCID: PMC10585892 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rural African settings, most of the children under the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) are also undernourished at the time of SMC delivery, justifying the need for packaging malarial and nutritional interventions. This study aimed at assessing the impact of SMC by coupling the intervention with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children less than 5 years old in Burkina Faso. METHODS A randomized trial was carried out between July 2020 and June 2021 in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Children (n = 1059) under SMC coverage were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms SMC + Vitamin A (SMC-A, n = 353) or SMC + Vitamin A + Zinc (SMC-AZc, n = 353) or SMC + Vitamin A + PlumpyDoz(tm) (SMC-APd, n = 353)-a medium quantity-lipid-based nutrient supplement (MQ-LNS). Children were followed up for one year that included an active follow-up period of 6 months with scheduled monthly home visits followed by 6 months passive follow-up. At each visit, capillary blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnosis test (RDT). RESULTS Adding nutritional supplements to SMC had an effect on the incidence of malaria. A reduction of 23% (adjusted IRR = 0.77 (95%CI 0.61-0.97) in the odds of having uncomplicated malaria in SMC-APd arm but not with SMC-AZc arm adjusted IRR = 0.82 (95%CI 0.65-1.04) compare to control arm was observed. A reduction of 52%, adjusted IRR = 0.48 (95%CI 0.23-0.98) in the odds of having severe malaria was observed in SMC-APd arm compared to control arm. Besides the effect on malaria, this combined strategy had an effect on all-cause morbidity. More specifically, a reduction of morbidity odds of 24%, adjusted IRR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.60-0.94) in SMC-APd arm compared to control arm was observed. Unlike clinical episodes, no effect of nutrient supplementation on cross sectional asymptomatic infections was observed. CONCLUSION Adding nutritional supplements to SMC significantly increases the impact of this intervention for preventing children from malaria and other childhood infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04238845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sondo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eulalie Compaoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Karim Derra
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hamidou Ilboudo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Gauthier Tougri
- Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso/Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ismaïla Bouda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Tikanou Dakyo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hyacinthe Kafando
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Florence Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eli Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - So-Vii Franck Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Kazienga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Estelle Bambara
- Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso/Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Macaire Nana
- Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso/Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO)-WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, UK
| | - Franck Garanet
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - William Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Thierry Léfèvre
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Guerin
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO)-WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, UK
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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Natama HM, Moncunill G, Vidal M, Rouamba T, Aguilar R, Santano R, Rovira-Vallbona E, Jiménez A, Somé MA, Sorgho H, Valéa I, Coulibaly-Traoré M, Coppel RL, Cavanagh D, Chitnis CE, Beeson JG, Angov E, Dutta S, Gamain B, Izquierdo L, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A, Dobaño C. Associations between prenatal malaria exposure, maternal antibodies at birth, and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in Burkina Faso. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0026823. [PMID: 37754682 PMCID: PMC10580994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how different categories of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) influence levels of maternal antibodies in cord blood samples and the subsequent risk of malaria in early childhood in a birth cohort study (N = 661) nested within the COSMIC clinical trial (NCT01941264) in Burkina Faso. Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy and infants' clinical malaria episodes detected during the first year of life were recorded. The levels of maternal IgG and IgG1-4 to 15 P. falciparum antigens were measured in cord blood by quantitative suspension array technology. Results showed a significant variation in the magnitude of maternal antibody levels in cord blood, depending on the PME category, with past placental malaria (PM) more frequently associated with significant increases of IgG and/or subclass levels across three groups of antigens defined as pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, and markers of PM, as compared to those from the cord of non-exposed control infants. High levels of antibodies to certain erythrocytic antigens (i.e., IgG to EBA140 and EBA175, IgG1 to EBA175 and MSP142, and IgG3 to EBA140 and MSP5) were independent predictors of protection from clinical malaria during the first year of life. By contrast, high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 to the VAR2CSA DBL1-2 and IgG4 to DBL3-4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria. These findings indicate that PME categories have different effects on the levels of maternal-derived antibodies to malaria antigens in children at birth, and this might drive heterogeneity to clinical malaria susceptibility in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Rovira-Vallbona
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chetan E. Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra F. Mens
- Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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Djimde M, Tshiongo JK, Muhindo HM, Tinto H, Sevene E, Traore M, Vala A, Macuacua S, Kabore B, Dabira ED, Erhart A, Diakite H, Keita M, Piqueras M, González R, Menendez C, Dorlo TP, Sagara I, Mens P, Schallig H, D'Alessandro U, Kayentao K. Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate (PYRAMAX) for the treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria in African pregnant women (PYRAPREG): study protocol for a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised open-label clinical trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065295. [PMID: 37813539 PMCID: PMC10565244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria infection during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight and infant mortality and should be prevented and treated. Artemisinin-based combination treatments are generally well tolerated, safe and effective; the most used being artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) is a new artemisinin-based combination. The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of PA versus AL or DP when administered to pregnant women with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection in the second or third trimester. The primary hypothesis is the pairwise non-inferiority of PA as compared with either AL or DP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised, open-label clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of AL, DP and PA in pregnant women with malaria in five sub-Saharan, malaria-endemic countries (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Mozambique and the Gambia). A total of 1875 pregnant women will be randomised to one of the treatment arms. Women will be actively monitored until Day 63 post-treatment, at delivery and 4-6 weeks after delivery, and infants' health will be checked on their first birthday. The primary endpoint is the PCR-adjusted rate of adequate clinical and parasitological response at Day 42 in the per-protocol population. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research in Burkina Faso, the National Health Ethics Committee in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology/Faculty of Pharmacy in Mali, the Gambia Government/MRCG Joint Ethics Committee and the National Bioethics Committee for Health in Mozambique. Written informed consent will be obtained from each individual prior to her participation in the study. The results will be published in peer-reviewed open access journals and presented at (inter)national conferences and meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PACTR202011812241529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo
- Département of Tropical Médecine, Universite de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Esperanca Sevene
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude de Manhica, Manhica, Mozambique
- Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maminata Traore
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anifa Vala
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhica, Mozambique
| | - Salesio Macuacua
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Berenger Kabore
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Edgard Diniba Dabira
- MRC Unit The Gambia (MRCG) at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia London, UK
| | - Annette Erhart
- MRC Unit The Gambia (MRCG) at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia London, UK
| | - Hamadoun Diakite
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mohamed Keita
- Faculty of Medicine Odontostomatology, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Pc Dorlo
- Netherlands Cancer Institute / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, UK
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Petra Mens
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schallig
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Boua PR, Rouamba T, Bambara E, Kaboré S, Compaore EWR, Ouedraogo B, Tinto H, Newell ML, Ward K, Sorgho H. Undernutrition in children aged 0-59 months by region and over time: secondary analysis of the Burkina Faso 2012-2018 National Nutrition Surveys. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066509. [PMID: 37673454 PMCID: PMC10496659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of undernutrition remains high, responsible for significant under-five mortality in resource-limited settings. Numerous sustainable development goals (SDGs) are linked to nutrition, and nationally representative nutrition surveillance is a key activity to track progress towards SDGs and guide efficient programmes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to look at spatial and temporal trends in undernutrition in children under 5 years age in Burkina Faso. SETTING We used data from annual National Nutrition Surveys using Standardised Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology (anthropometry, morbidity) over 7 years (2012-2018) in Burkina Faso. PARTICIPANTS Children of under 5 years from households selected through systemic sampling at countrywide level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z-score, <-2), underweight (weight-for-age z-score, <-2) and wasting (weight-for-height z-score, <-2) at regional and national. We used general linear mixed models, adjusted by age, survey year, sex, presence of fever and/or diarrhoea, and poverty index to quantify the risk of undernutrition over time and by region of residence. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2018, decreases were observed overall in the prevalence of growth retardation (stunting) decreased from 33.0% (95% CI 32.3 to 33.8) in 2012 to 26.7% (95% CI 26.2 to 27.3) in 2018. Underweight reduced from 24.4% (95% CI 23.7 to 25.1) to 18.7% (95% CI 18.2 to 19.2) for the same period and wasting decreased from 10.8% (95% CI 10.3 to 11.3) in 2012 to 8.4% (95% CI 8.1 to 8.8) in 2018. However, there was substantial variation across the country, with increased risk of undernutrition in the regions of Sahel, East and Cascades primarily. High-risk regions were characterised by a lower poverty index and limited access to healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could inform national policymakers in refining and optimising resource allocation based on the identification of high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palwende Romuald Boua
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Estelle Bambara
- Direction de la Nutrition, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Saidou Kaboré
- Direction de la Nutrition, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ella W R Compaore
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Boureima Ouedraogo
- Institut National de Statistique et de la Démographie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marie-Louise Newell
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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20
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Neyer PJ, Kaboré B, Nakas CT, Hartmann B, Post A, Diallo S, Tinto H, Hammerer-Lercher A, Largiadèr CR, van der Ven AJ, Huber AR. Exploring the host factors affecting asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection: insights from a rural Burkina Faso study. Malar J 2023; 22:252. [PMID: 37658365 PMCID: PMC10474782 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia forms a reservoir for the transmission of malaria disease in West Africa. Certain haemoglobin variants are known to protect against severe malaria infection. However, data on the potential roles of haemoglobin variants and nongenetic factors in asymptomatic malaria infection is scarce and controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of iron homeostasis, inflammation, nutrition, and haemoglobin mutations with parasitaemia in an asymptomatic cohort from a P. falciparum-endemic region during the high transmission season. METHODS A sub-study population of 688 asymptomatic individuals (predominantly children and adolescents under 15 years, n = 516) from rural Burkina Faso previously recruited by the NOVAC trial (NCT03176719) between June and October 2017 was analysed. Parasitaemia was quantified with conventional haemocytometry. The haemoglobin genotype was determined by reverse hybridization assays targeting a selection of 21 HBA and 22 HBB mutations. Demographics, inflammatory markers (interleukins 6 and 10, hepcidin), nutritional status (mid upper-arm circumference and body mass index), and anaemia (total haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor) were assessed as potential predictors through logistic regression. RESULTS Malaria parasites were detected in 56% of subjects. Parasitaemia was associated most strongly with malnutrition. The effect size increased with malnutrition severity (OR = 6.26, CI95: 2.45-19.4, p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with age, cytokines, hepcidin and heterozygous haemoglobin S were observed. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, asymptomatic parasitaemia is attenuated by haemoglobin S, but not by any of the other detected genotypes. Aside from evidence for slight iron imbalance, overall undernutrition was found to predict parasitaemia; thus, further investigations are required to elucidate causality and inform strategies for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Christos T Nakas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture Crop, Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Britta Hartmann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salou Diallo
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- IRSS/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Carlo R Largiadèr
- Graduate School for Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andre J van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas R Huber
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
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Ogutu B, Yeka A, Kusemererwa S, Thompson R, Tinto H, Toure AO, Uthaisin C, Verma A, Kibuuka A, Lingani M, Lourenço C, Mombo-Ngoma G, Nduba V, N'Guessan TL, Nassa GJW, Nyantaro M, Tina LO, Singh PK, El Gaaloul M, Marrast AC, Chikoto H, Csermak K, Demin I, Mehta D, Pathan R, Risterucci C, Su G, Winnips C, Kaguthi G, Fofana B, Grobusch MP. Ganaplacide (KAF156) plus lumefantrine solid dispersion formulation combination for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an open-label, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:1051-1061. [PMID: 37327809 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence of drug resistance demands novel antimalarial drugs with new mechanisms of action. We aimed to identify effective and well tolerated doses of ganaplacide plus lumefantrine solid dispersion formulation (SDF) in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. METHODS This open-label, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 13 research clinics and general hospitals in ten African and Asian countries. Patients had microscopically-confirmed uncomplicated P falciparum malaria (>1000 and <150 000 parasites per μL). Part A identified the optimal dose regimens in adults and adolescents (aged ≥12 years) and in part B, the selected doses were assessed in children (≥2 years and <12 years). In part A, patients were randomly assigned to one of seven groups (once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1, 2, or 3 days; ganaplacide 800 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg as a single dose; once a day ganaplacide 200 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; or twice a day artemether plus lumefantrine for 3 days [control]), with stratification by country (2:2:2:2:2:2:1) using randomisation blocks of 13. In part B, patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1, 2, or 3 days, or twice a day artemether plus lumefantrine for 3 days) with stratification by country and age (2 to <6 years and 6 to <12 years; 2:2:2:1) using randomisation blocks of seven. The primary efficacy endpoint was PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response at day 29, analysed in the per protocol set. The null hypothesis was that the response was 80% or lower, rejected when the lower limit of two-sided 95% CI was higher than 80%. This study is registered with EudraCT (2020-003284-25) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03167242). FINDINGS Between Aug 2, 2017, and May 17, 2021, 1220 patients were screened and of those, 12 were included in the run-in cohort, 337 in part A, and 175 in part B. In part A, 337 adult or adolescent patients were randomly assigned, 326 completed the study, and 305 were included in the per protocol set. The lower limit of the 95% CI for PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response on day 29 was more than 80% for all treatment regimens in part A (46 of 50 patients [92%, 95% CI 81-98] with 1 day, 47 of 48 [98%, 89-100] with 2 days, and 42 of 43 [98%, 88-100] with 3 days of ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg; 45 of 48 [94%, 83-99] with ganaplacide 800 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1 day; 47 of 47 [100%, 93-100] with ganaplacide 200 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; 44 of 44 [100%, 92-100] with ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; and 25 of 25 [100%, 86-100] with artemether plus lumefantrine). In part B, 351 children were screened, 175 randomly assigned (ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg once a day for 1, 2, or 3 days), and 171 completed the study. Only the 3-day regimen met the prespecified primary endpoint in paediatric patients (38 of 40 patients [95%, 95% CI 83-99] vs 21 of 22 [96%, 77-100] with artemether plus lumefantrine). The most common adverse events were headache (in seven [14%] of 51 to 15 [28%] of 54 in the ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF groups and five [19%] of 27 in the artemether plus lumefantrine group) in part A, and malaria (in 12 [27%] of 45 to 23 [44%] of 52 in the ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF groups and 12 [50%] of 24 in the artemether plus lumefantrine group) in part B. No patients died during the study. INTERPRETATION Ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF was effective and well tolerated in patients, especially adults and adolescents, with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. Ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg once daily for 3 days was identified as the optimal treatment regimen for adults, adolescents, and children. This combination is being evaluated further in a phase 2 trial (NCT04546633). FUNDING Novartis and Medicines for Malaria Venture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhards Ogutu
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Adoke Yeka
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sylvia Kusemererwa
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ricardo Thompson
- Chókwè Health Research and Training Center, Centro de Investigação e Treino em Saúde de Chókwè, National Institute of Health, Chókwè, Mozambique
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Andre Offianan Toure
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Amar Verma
- Department of Paediatrics, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afizi Kibuuka
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moussa Lingani
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Carlos Lourenço
- Chókwè Health Research and Training Center, Centro de Investigação e Treino em Saúde de Chókwè, National Institute of Health, Chókwè, Mozambique
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Videlis Nduba
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tiacoh Landry N'Guessan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Mary Nyantaro
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Lucas Otieno Tina
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, US Army Medical Research Directorate, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoqin Su
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Grace Kaguthi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Martin Peter Grobusch
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Agnandji ST, Recker M, Mordmüller B, Glöckner S, Adegnika AA, Lell B, Otieno L, Otieno W, Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP, Agbenyega T, Ansong D, Macete E, Aide P, Sorgho H, Tinto H, Mturi N, Lusingu JPA, Gesase S, Hoffman I, Masoud NS, Newton CR, Bojang K, Krause G, Kremsner PG. Prostration and the prognosis of death in African children with severe malaria. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:240-247. [PMID: 37414210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malaria is still one of the main reasons for hospitalization in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid risk stratification at admission is essential for optimal medical care and improved prognosis. Whereas coma, deep breathing, and, to a lesser degree, severe anemia are established predictors of malaria-related death, the value of assessing prostration for risk stratification is less certain. METHODS Here we used a retrospective multi-center analysis comprising over 33,000 hospitalized children from four large studies, including two observational studies from the Severe Malaria in African Children network, a randomized controlled treatment study, and the phase-3-clinical RTS,S-malaria vaccine trial, to evaluate known risk factors of mortality and with a specific emphasis on the role of prostration. RESULTS Despite comparable age profiles of the participants, we found significant inter- and intra-study variation in the incidence of fatal malaria as well as in the derived risk ratios associated with the four risk factors: coma, deep breathing, anemia, and prostration. Despite pronounced variations, prostration was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (P <0.001) and its consideration resulted in improved predictive performance, both in a multivariate model and a univariate model based on the Lambaréné Organ Dysfunction Score. CONCLUSION Prostration is an important clinical criterion to determine severe pediatric malaria with possible fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selidji T Agnandji
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Translational Thematic Unit Malaria, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Recker
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Translational Thematic Unit Malaria, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany; Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Glöckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Translational Infrastructure Epidemiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Akim A Adegnika
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Translational Thematic Unit Malaria, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
| | - Walter Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
| | | | | | - Tsiri Agbenyega
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
| | - Daniel Ansong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
| | - Eusebio Macete
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Aide
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Neema Mturi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Samwel Gesase
- NjugNational Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
| | - Irving Hoffman
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Division of Infectious Diseases, North Carolina, USA; University of North Carolina (UNC) Project, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nahya Salim Masoud
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam and Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Charles R Newton
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kalifa Bojang
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Translational Infrastructure Epidemiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Gottfried Kremsner
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Translational Thematic Unit Malaria, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Compaoré A, Nikièma J, Kiemdé F, Tinto H, Salami O, Nkeramahame J, Olliaro P, Horgan P. What Influences Patients' Adherence to Healthcare Worker Prescription in Primary Healthcare Facilities in Burkina Faso? A Qualitative Account of Barriers and Facilitators. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S171-S181. [PMID: 37490739 PMCID: PMC10368408 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the factors influencing patients and caregivers' adherence to prescription of healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS The study was conducted in Temnaore and Pella, in the Nanoro health district in Burkina Faso. HCWs and community members were purposively recruited from 4 communities seeking care at the selected primary healthcare facilities for the clinical trial to attend in-depth interviews and focus group discussions on the factors influencing adherence to prescription. The Behaviour Change Wheel incorporating the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour approach was used. RESULTS Factors influencing the ability of patients to obtain the prescribed medicine include the availability of medicines and money and the perception of consequences for not getting the medicine. Regarding compliance with the intake of medicines, communication was considered a key factor whose effectiveness depends on the performance of HCWs and on the attention of patients. It is followed by other factors such as adequate management of patients, social influences, the patient's beliefs regarding treatment, and memory. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights factors influencing adherence to HCWs' prescription from the perspective of the community members and HCWs and therefore provides contextual enablers and barriers, which allows for the development of an intervention to support the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Compaoré
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacqueline Nikièma
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Francois Kiemdé
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Piero Olliaro
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Evidence and Impact Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Horgan
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Pandemic Sciences Institute University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Olliaro P, Nkeramahame J, Horgan P, Tinto H, Kiemde F, Baiden R, Adjei A, Kapisi J, Hopkins H, Salami O, Moore CE, Dittrich S, Weber S, Ongarello S. Synthesis and Meta-analysis of 3 Randomized Trials Conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Uganda Comparing the Effects of Point-of-Care Tests and Diagnostic Algorithms Versus Routine Care on Antibiotic Prescriptions and Clinical Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients <18 Years of Age With Acute Febrile Illness. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S199-S205. [PMID: 37490743 PMCID: PMC10368413 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis included 3 randomized trials conducted in sub-Saharan Africa comparing the effects of point-of-care tests and diagnostic algorithms versus routine care on antibiotic prescriptions and clinical outcomes in ambulatory patients presenting at outpatient facilities with acute uncomplicated febrile illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Olliaro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Philip Horgan
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Evidence & Impact Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - François Kiemde
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Rita Baiden
- INDEPTH-Network, Accra, Ghana
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
| | | | - James Kapisi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Heidi Hopkins
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Catrin E Moore
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal Inn, Pfarrkirchen, Germany
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25
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Kiemde F, Valia D, Kabore B, Rouamba T, Kone AN, Sawadogo S, Compaore A, Salami O, Horgan P, Moore CE, Dittrich S, Nkeramahame J, Olliaro P, Tinto H. A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S134-S144. [PMID: 37490742 PMCID: PMC10368409 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries face significant challenges in differentiating bacterial from viral causes of febrile illnesses, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of an intervention package comprising diagnostic tests, a diagnostic algorithm, and a training-and-communication package on antibiotic prescriptions and clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients aged 6 months to 18 years with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days with no focus, or a suspected respiratory tract infection, arriving at 2 health facilities were randomized to either the intervention package or standard practice. The primary outcomes were the proportions of patients who recovered at day 7 (D7) and patients prescribed antibiotics at day 0. RESULTS Of 1718 patients randomized, 1681 (97.8%; intervention: 844; control: 837) completed follow-up: 99.5% recovered at D7 in the intervention arm versus 100% in standard practice (P = .135). Antibiotics were prescribed to 40.6% of patients in the intervention group versus 57.5% in the control arm (risk ratio: 29.3%; 95% CI: 21.8-36.0%; risk difference [RD]: -16.8%; 95% CI: -21.7% to -12.0%; P < .001), which translates to 1 additional antibiotic prescription saved every 6 (95% CI: 5-8) consultations. This reduction was significant regardless of test results for malaria, but was greater in patients without malaria (RD: -46.0%; -54.7% to -37.4%; P < .001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD: -38.2%; -43.8% to -32.6%; P < .001), and in children 6-59 months old (RD: -20.4%; -26.0% to -14.9%; P < .001). Except for the period July-September, the reduction was consistent across the other quarters (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the package can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescription without compromising clinical outcomes. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04081051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Kiemde
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Valia
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Berenger Kabore
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Alima Nadine Kone
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Seydou Sawadogo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Adelaide Compaore
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Philip Horgan
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Evidence and Impact Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin E Moore
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neonatal and Pediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal Inn, Pfarrkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Piero Olliaro
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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26
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Olliaro P, Nkeramahame J, Salami O, Moore CE, Horgan P, Baiden R, Kukula V, Adjei A, Kapisi J, Hopkins H, Kaawa-Mafigiri D, Ekusai-Sebatta D, Rutebemberwa E, Kitutu FE, Tinto H, Kiemde F, Compaoré A, Valia D, Dittrich S. Advancing Access to Diagnostic Tools Essential for Universal Health Coverage and Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention: An Overview of Trials in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S125-S133. [PMID: 37490744 PMCID: PMC10368407 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostic Use Accelerator program, and the articles in this Supplement, which cover the program in 3 sub-Saharan Africa countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Olliaro
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Catrin E Moore
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Horgan
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Evidence & Impact Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vida Kukula
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
| | | | - James Kapisi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Heidi Hopkins
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Elizeus Rutebemberwa
- Department of Health Policy and Planning, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Freddy Eric Kitutu
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - François Kiemde
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Adélaïde Compaoré
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Valia
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal Inn, Pfarrkirchen, Germany
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27
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Compaoré A, Ekusai-Sebatta D, Kaawa-Mafigiri D, Kukula V, Odopey S, Kapisi J, Hopkins H, Kiemde F, Tinto H, Baiden R, Olliaro P, Nkeramahame J, Dittrich S, Horgan P. Viewpoint: Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Use Accelerator: Qualitative Research on Adherence to Prescriptions. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S206-S210. [PMID: 37490738 PMCID: PMC10368411 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Viewpoint, the authors explore the determinants of patients' prescription adherence behaviors as part of FIND's Advancing Access to Diagnostic Innovation essential for Universal Health Coverage and AMR Prevention (ADIP) trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04081051). Research findings from Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Uganda show that basic knowledge and understanding of prescription instructions are essential for adherence and can be improved through better communication. However, there are a range of other factors that influence adherence, some of which can be influenced through tailored communication messages from healthcare workers. These messages may contribute to changes in adherence behavior but may require other reinforcing interventions to be effective. Finally, there are some drivers of nonadherence centered around costs and time pressure that require other forms of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Compaoré
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - David Kaawa-Mafigiri
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Vida Kukula
- Social Science Department, Dodowa Health Research Centre, Ghana
| | - Selase Odopey
- Social Science Department, Dodowa Health Research Centre, Ghana
| | | | - Heidi Hopkins
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - François Kiemde
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Rita Baiden
- Social Science Department, Dodowa Health Research Centre, Ghana
| | - Piero Olliaro
- Department of Medical Affairs, FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Pandemic Sciences Institute, and
| | | | - Sabine Dittrich
- Department of Medical Affairs, FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal Inn, Pfarrkirchen, Germany
| | - Philip Horgan
- Department of Medical Affairs, FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford
- Department of Medicine, Evidence & Impact - Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Roca A, Camara B, Tinto H. Intrapartum Azithromycin vs Placebo for Neonatal Sepsis-Reply. JAMA 2023; 330:188. [PMID: 37432434 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.8331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Bully Camara
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé-Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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29
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Lompo P, Heroes AS, Agbobli E, Kazienga A, Peeters M, Tinto H, Lagrou K, Sangaré L, Affolabi D, Jacobs J. Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa-A Cross-Sectional Survey. Pathogens 2023; 12:917. [PMID: 37513763 PMCID: PMC10384974 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can act as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. This problem is rarely documented in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in two university hospitals in Burkina Faso and Benin. During ward visits and staff interviews, in-use products were cultured for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. The growth of Gram-negative bacteria was absent or rare in alcohol-based products, povidone iodine, and Dakin solution. Contamination was highest (73.9% (51/69)) for liquid soap products (versus antiseptic/disinfectants (4.5%, 7/157) (p < 0.0001)), mostly used in high-risk areas and associated with high total bacterial counts (>10,000 colony-forming units/mL). Contaminating flora (105 isolates) included Enterobacterales and the Vibrio non-cholerae/Aeromonas group (17.1%) and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (82.8%). Multidrug resistance was present among 9/16 Enterobacterales (Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp.) and 3/12 Acinetobacter spp., including carbapenem resistance (Acinetobacter baumannii: NDM, Pseudomonas stutzeri: VIM). The risk factors for contamination included the type of product (cleaning grade and in-house prepared liquid soap), use of recycled disposable containers and soft drink bottles, absence of labeling, topping-up of containers, dilution with tap water (pharmacy and ward), and poor-quality management (procurement, stock management, expiry dates, and period after opening).
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Affiliation(s)
- Palpouguini Lompo
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Nanoro, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22 Box 5401, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Heroes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22 Box 5401, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esenam Agbobli
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Adama Kazienga
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Nanoro, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Marjan Peeters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Nanoro, Ouagadougou 11 BP 218, Burkina Faso
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22 Box 5401, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7022, Burkina Faso
| | - Dissou Affolabi
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou 01 BP 386, Benin
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 22 Box 5401, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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30
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van Eijk AM, Stepniewska K, Hill J, Taylor SM, Rogerson SJ, Cottrell G, Chico RM, Gutman JR, Tinto H, Unger HW, Yanow SK, Meshnick SR, Ter Kuile FO, Mayor A. Prevalence of and risk factors for microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1061-e1074. [PMID: 37276878 PMCID: PMC10880462 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria infections during pregnancy can cause adverse birth outcomes, yet many infections are undetected by microscopy. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnant women in Asia, the Americas, and Africa using aggregated and individual participant data (IPD). METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies (published Jan 1, 1997 to Nov 10, 2021) with information on both microscopic and submicroscopic infections during pregnancy from Asia, the Americas, or Africa, identified in the Malaria-in-Pregnancy Library, were eligible. Studies (or subgroups or study groups) that selected participants on the basis of the presence of fever or a positive blood smear were excluded to avoid selection bias. We obtained IPD (when available) and aggregated data. Estimates of malaria transmission intensity and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, matched by study location and year, were obtained using publicly available data. One-stage multivariable logit and multinomial models with random intercepts for study site were used in meta-analysis to assess prevalence of and risk factors for submicroscopic infections during pregnancy and at delivery. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42015027342. FINDINGS The search identified 87 eligible studies, 68 (78%) of which contributed to the analyses. Of these 68 studies, 45 (66%) studies contributed IPD (48 869 participants) and 23 (34%) studies contributed aggregated data (11 863 participants). During pregnancy, median prevalence estimates were 13·5% (range 0·0-55·9, 66 substudies) for submicroscopic and 8·0% (0·0-50·6, 66 substudies) for microscopic malaria. Among women with positive Plasmodium nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), the median proportion of submicroscopic infections was 58·7% (range 0·0-100); this proportion was highest in the Americas (73·3%, 0·0-100), followed by Asia (67·2%, 36·4-100) and Africa (56·5%, 20·5-97·7). In individual patient data analysis, compared with women with no malaria infections, those with submicroscopic infections were more likely to present with fever in Africa (adjusted odds ratio 1·32, 95% CI 1·02-1·72; p=0·038) but not in other regions. Among women with NAAT-positive infections in Asia and the Americas, Plasmodium vivax infections were more likely to be submicroscopic than Plasmodium falciparum infections (3·69, 2·45-5·54; p<0·0001). Risk factors for submicroscopic infections among women with NAAT-positive infections in Africa included older age (age ≥30 years), multigravidity, and no HIV infection. INTERPRETATION During pregnancy, submicroscopic infections are more common than microscopic infections and are associated with fever in Africa. Malaria control in pregnancy should target both microscopic and submicroscopic infections. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria van Eijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Kasia Stepniewska
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve M Taylor
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - R Matthew Chico
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julie R Gutman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant-Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Holger W Unger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Stephanie K Yanow
- School of Public Health, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steven R Meshnick
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Feiko O Ter Kuile
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
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Sondo P, Rouamba T, Tahita MC, Derra K, Kabore B, Tibiri YNG, Kabore HAELF, Hien SVF, Ouedraogo F, Kazienga A, Ilboudo H, Rouamba E, Lefevre T, Tinto H. Baseline malarial and nutritional profile of children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287210. [PMID: 37363896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal Malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the large-scale life-saving malaria interventions initially recommended for the Sahel subregion, including Burkina Faso and recently extended to other parts of Africa. Initially, SMC was restricted to children 3 to 59 months old, but an extension to older children in some locations was recently recommended. Further characterization of SMC population profile beyond age criterion is necessary for understanding factors that could negatively impact the effectiveness of the intervention and to define complementary measures that could enhance its impact. Children were assessed through a cross-sectional survey during the first month of the 2020 SMC campaign (July-August 2020) as part of the SMC-NUT project in the health district of Nanoro. Parameters such as body temperature, weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were assessed. In addition, blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy, and for haemoglobin measurement. A total of 1059 children were enrolled. RDT positivity rate (RPR) was 22.2%, while microscopy positivity rate (MPR) was 10.4%, with parasitaemia levels ranging from 40 to 70480/μL. RPR and MPR increased as patient age increased. Wasting was observed in 7.25% of children under SMC coverage while the prevalence of stunting and underweight was 48.79% and 23.38%, respectively. As the age of the children increased, an improvement in their nutritional status was observed. Finally, undernourished children had higher parasite densities than children with adequate nutritional status. In the health district of Nanoro, children who received Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) were mostly undernourished during the period of SMC delivery, suggesting the need for combining the SMC with synergistic interventions against malnutrition to achieve best impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sondo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Karim Derra
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Berenger Kabore
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - So-Vii Franck Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Florence Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Kazienga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hamidou Ilboudo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eli Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Thiery Lefevre
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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32
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Unger HW, Hadiprodjo AJ, Gutman JR, Briand V, Fievet N, Valea I, Tinto H, D'Alessandro U, Landis SH, Ter Kuile F, Ouma P, Oneko M, Mwapasa V, Slutsker L, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki S, Ayisi J, Nahlen B, Desai M, Madanitsa M, Kalilani-Phiri L, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Tshefu-Kitoto A, Mueller I, Stanisic D, Cates J, Van Eijk AM, Ome-Kaius M, Aitken EH, Rogerson SJ. Fetal sex and risk of pregnancy-associated malaria in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic regions: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10310. [PMID: 37365258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In areas of moderate to intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission, malaria in pregnancy remains a significant cause of low birth weight, stillbirth, and severe anaemia. Previously, fetal sex has been identified to modify the risks of maternal asthma, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. One study demonstrated increased risk of placental malaria in women carrying a female fetus. We investigated the association between fetal sex and malaria in pregnancy in 11 pregnancy studies conducted in sub-Saharan African countries and Papua New Guinea through meta-analysis using log binomial regression fitted to a random-effects model. Malaria infection during pregnancy and delivery was assessed using light microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and histology. Five studies were observational studies and six were randomised controlled trials. Studies varied in terms of gravidity, gestational age at antenatal enrolment and bed net use. Presence of a female fetus was associated with malaria infection at enrolment by light microscopy (risk ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.24]; P = 0.003; n = 11,729). Fetal sex did not associate with malaria infection when other time points or diagnostic methods were used. There is limited evidence that fetal sex influences the risk of malaria infection in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger W Unger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anastasia Jessica Hadiprodjo
- Department of Medicine (RMH), Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie R Gutman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie Briand
- Université de Paris, UMR261, IRD, Paris, France
- Epicentre MSF, Paris, France
| | | | - Innocent Valea
- Unite de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé-DRCO, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Departement de Recherche Clinique, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unite de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé-DRCO, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Departement de Recherche Clinique, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Feiko Ter Kuile
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Ouma
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Laurence Slutsker
- Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Center for Malaria Control and Elimination, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dianne J Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John Ayisi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Meghna Desai
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Linda Kalilani-Phiri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department for Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Stanisic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordan Cates
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna Maria Van Eijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine (RMH), Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Kaboré NF, Ouédraogo S, Mamguem AK, Traoré IT, Kania D, Badolo H, Sanou G, Koné A, Yara M, Kagoné T, Ouédraogo E, Konaté B, Médah R, de Rekeneire N, Poda A, Diendéré AE, Ouédraogo B, Billa O, Paradis G, Dabakuyo-Yonli TS, Tinto H. Incidence rate and predictors of COVID-19 in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso - prospective cohort study in 2021 (ANRS-COV13). BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:394. [PMID: 37308819 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early data on COVID-19 (based primarily on PCR testing) indicated a low burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this, this study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and identify predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso. This study is part of the EmulCOVID-19 project (ANRS-COV13). METHODS Our study utilized the WHO Unity protocol for cohort sero-epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in general population. We conducted random sampling stratified by age group and sex. Individuals aged 10 years and older in the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso were included and surveyed at 4 time points, each 21 days apart, from March 3 to May 15, 2021. WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA serological tests were used to detect total antibodies (IgM, IgG) in serum. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS We analyzed the data from 1399 participants (1051 in Ouagadougou, 348 in Bobo-Dioulasso) who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was 14.3 cases [95%CI 13.3-15.4] per 100 person-weeks. The incidence rate was almost three times higher in Ouagadougou than in Bobo-Dioulasso (Incidence rate ratio: IRR = 2.7 [2.2-3.2], p < 0.001). The highest incidence rate was reported among women aged 19-59 years in Ouagadougou (22.8 cases [19.6-26.4] per 100 person-weeks) and the lowest among participants aged 60 years and over in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6.3 cases [4.6-8.6] per 100 person-weeks. Multivariable analysis showed that participants aged 19 years and older were almost twice as likely to seroconvert during the study period compared with those aged 10 to 18 years (Hazard ratio: HR = 1.7 [1.3-2.3], p < 0.001). Those aged 10-18 years exhibited more asymptomatic forms than those aged 19 years and older, among those who achieved seroconversion (72.9% vs. 40.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The spread of COVID-19 is more rapid in adults and in large cities. Strategies to control this pandemic in Burkina Faso, must take this into account. Adults living in large cities should be the priority targets for vaccination efforts against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongodo Firmin Kaboré
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Samiratou Ouédraogo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP), Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Kamga Mamguem
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231, Georges Francois Leclerc Centre - UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP), Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Guillaume Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amariane Koné
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Mimbouré Yara
- Observatoire national de la santé de la population (ONSP), Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thérèse Kagoné
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Esperance Ouédraogo
- Département de médicine, pharmacopée traditionnelle et pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Blahima Konaté
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Département de Socio-Économie et d'Anthropologie du Développement (DSEAD), Institut des Sciences des Sociétés (INSS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rachel Médah
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Armel Poda
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Boukary Ouédraogo
- Direction des systèmes d'information en santé (DSIS), ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumar Billa
- Epidemiology and Quality of Life Research Unit, INSERM U1231, Georges Francois Leclerc Centre - UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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34
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Natama HM, Traoré TE, Rouamba T, Somé MA, Zango SH, Rovira-Vallbona E, Sorgho H, Guetens P, Coulibaly-Traoré M, Valéa I, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A. Correction: Performance of PfHRP2‑RDT for malaria diagnosis during the first year of life in a high malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:290. [PMID: 37193492 PMCID: PMC10182208 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01566-x.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Tiampan Edwig Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M. Athanase Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Henri Zango
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eduard Rovira-Vallbona
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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35
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Natama HM, Traoré TE, Rouamba T, Somé MA, Zango SH, Rovira-Vallbona E, Sorgho H, Guetens P, Coulibaly-Traoré M, Valéa I, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A. Performance of PfHRP2-RDT for malaria diagnosis during the first year of life in a high malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:280-289. [PMID: 37193494 PMCID: PMC10182193 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the performance of a P. falciparum Histidine Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP2)-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) used for malaria case detection (SD-Bioline malaria RDT P.f®) along with light microscopy (LM) against qPCR among children during the first year of life in a high and seasonal malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso. A total of 723 suspected malaria cases (including multiple episodes) that occurred among 414 children participating in a birth-cohort study were included in the present analysis. Factors including age at the time of malaria screening, transmission season and parasite densities were investigated for their potential influence in the performance of the RDT. Clinical malaria cases as detected by RDT, LM and qPCR were 63.8%, 41.5% and 49.8%, respectively. Compared with qPCR, RDT had a false-positive results rate of 26.7%, resulting in an overall accuracy of 79.9% with a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 66.1%, a Positive Predictive Value of 73.3% and a Negative Predictive Value of 91.6%. Its specificity differed significantly between high and low transmission seasons (53.7% vs 79.8%; P < 0.001) and decreased with increasing age (80.6-62%; P for trend = 0.024). The overall accuracy of LM was 91.1% and its performance was not significantly influenced by transmission season or age. These findings highlight the need to adapt malaria diagnostic tools recommendations to face the challenge of adequate malaria detection in this population group living in high burden and seasonal malaria transmission settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Tiampan Edwig Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M. Athanase Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Henri Zango
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eduard Rovira-Vallbona
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ouoba S, Ko K, Lingani M, Nagashima S, Guingané AN, Bunthen E, Hussain MRA, Sugiyama A, Akita T, Ohisa M, Sanou MA, Traore O, Nassa JW, Sanou M, Takahashi K, Tinto H, Tanaka J. Intermediate hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among 1622 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso and implications for mother-to-child transmission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6115. [PMID: 37059812 PMCID: PMC10103033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In highly endemic countries for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, childhood infection, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), represents the primary transmission route. High maternal DNA level (viral load ≥ 200,000 IU/mL) is a significant factor for MTCT. We investigated the prevalence of HBsAg, HBeAg, and high HBV DNA among pregnant women in three hospitals in Burkina Faso and assessed the performance of HBeAg to predict high viral load. Consenting pregnant women were interviewed on their sociodemographic characteristics and tested for HBsAg by a rapid diagnostic test, and dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Of the 1622 participants, HBsAg prevalence was 6.5% (95% CI, 5.4-7.8%). Among 102 HBsAg-positive pregnant women in DBS samples, HBeAg was positive in 22.6% (95% CI, 14.9-31.9%), and viral load was quantified in 94 cases, with 19.1% having HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL. HBV genotypes were identified in 63 samples and predominant genotypes were E (58.7%) and A (36.5%). The sensitivity of HBeAg by using DBS samples to identify high viral load in the 94 cases was 55.6%, and the specificity was 86.8%. These findings highlight the need to implement routine HBV screening and effective MTCT risk assessment for all pregnant women in Burkina Faso to enable early interventions that can effectively reduce MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ouoba
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Moussa Lingani
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Alice N Guingané
- Unite de Formation Et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Universite Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - E Bunthen
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Payment Certification Agency (PCA), Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohisa
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Moussa Abdel Sanou
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ousmane Traore
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Job Wilfried Nassa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maimouna Sanou
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Lingani M, Zango SH, Valéa I, Samadoulougou S, Somé G, Sanou M, Kaboré B, Rouamba T, Sorgho H, Tahita MC, Derra K, Dramaix M, Tinto H, Donnen P, Robert A. Effects of maternal antenatal treatment with two doses of azithromycin added to monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of low birth weight in Burkina Faso: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2023; 22:101. [PMID: 36932435 PMCID: PMC10024378 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure during pregnancy to malaria and sexually-transmitted infections is associated with adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight (LBW). This study aimed at assessing if the adjunction of two doses of azithromycin to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy can reduce LBW. METHODS A two parallel-groups, open-label randomized controlled trial involving pregnant women (16 to 35 years of age and 12 to 24 weeks of gestation as confirmed by last menstrual period or fundal height) was conducted in rural Burkina Faso. Women were assigned in a 1:1 ratio either to use azithromycin (1 g daily for 2 days) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy plus monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1500/75 mg) (SPAZ) (intervention) or to continue using a monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1500/75 mg) (SP) (control). Primary outcome was a LBW (birth weight measured within 24 h after birth < 2500 g). Secondary outcomes including stillbirth, preterm birth or miscarriage are reported together with safety data. RESULTS A total of 992 pregnant women underwent randomization (496 per group) and 898 (90.5%) valid birth weights were available (450 in SPAZ and 448 in SP). LBW incidence was 8.7% (39/450) in SPAZ and 9.4% (42/448) in controls (p-value = 0.79). Compared with controls, pregnant women with SPAZ showed a risk ratio (RR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI 0.64-2.08]) for preterm births, 0.75 (95% CI 0.17-3.35) for miscarriage and 0.64 (95% CI 0.25-1.64) for stillbirths. No treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) have been observed, and there was no significant difference in the number of SAEs (13.5% [67/496] in SPAZ, 16.7% [83/496] in SP, p-value = 0.18) or AEs (17.1% [85/496] in SPAZ, 18.8% [93/496] in SP, p-value = 0.56). CONCLUSION Adequate prevention regimen with monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine given to all pregnant women has been proved to reduce the risk of LBW in malaria endemic areas. Adding azithromycin to the regimen does not offer further benefits, as far as women receive a malaria prevention regimen early enough during pregnancy. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry ( https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx ): PACTR201808177464681. Registered 21 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Lingani
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles. CP594, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgique.
| | - Serge H Zango
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform On Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Georges Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maïmouna Sanou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Berenger Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Herman Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc C Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Karim Derra
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Michèle Dramaix
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles. CP594, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 18, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Philippe Donnen
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles. CP594, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Annie Robert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Division, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels B1.30.13, Clos Chapelle-Aux-Champs 30, B-1200, Brussels, Belgique
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38
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Roca A, Camara B, Bognini JD, Nakakana UN, Somé AM, Beloum N, Rouamba T, Sillah F, Danso M, Jones JC, Graves S, Jagne I, Getanda P, Darboe S, Tahita MC, Ndure E, Franck HS, Edmond SY, Dondeh BL, Nassa WGJ, Garba Z, Bojang A, Njie Y, Bottomley C, Tinto H, D’Alessandro U. Effect of Intrapartum Azithromycin vs Placebo on Neonatal Sepsis and Death: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 329:716-724. [PMID: 36881034 PMCID: PMC9993186 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. New interventions are needed to decrease neonatal sepsis and mortality in regions with highest burden. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intrapartum azithromycin to reduce neonatal sepsis or mortality, as well as neonatal and maternal infections. Design, Setting, and Participants This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial enrolled and followed up birthing parents and their infants at 10 health facilities in The Gambia and Burkina Faso, West Africa, between October 2017 and May 2021. Interventions Participants were assigned at random to receive oral azithromycin (2 g) or placebo (ratio 1:1) during labor. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal sepsis or mortality, with the former defined based on microbiologic or clinical criteria. Secondary outcomes were neonatal infections (skin, umbilical, eye and ear infections), malaria, and fever; postpartum infections (puerperal sepsis, mastitis), fever, and malaria; and use of antibiotics during 4-week follow-up. Results The trial randomized 11 983 persons in labor (median age, 29.9 years). Overall, 225 newborns (1.9% of 11 783 live births) met the primary end point. The incidence of neonatal mortality or sepsis was similar in the azithromycin and placebo groups (2.0% [115/5889] vs 1.9% [110/5894]; risk difference [RD], 0.09 [95% CI, -0.39 to 0.57]), as was the incidence of neonatal mortality (0.8% vs 0.8%; RD, 0.04 [95% CI, -0.27 to 0.35]) and neonatal sepsis (1.3% vs 1.3%; RD, 0.02 [95% CI, -0.38 to 0.43]). Newborns in the azithromycin group compared with the placebo group had lower incidence of skin infections (0.8% vs 1.7%; RD, -0.90 [95% CI, -1.30 to -0.49]) and need for antibiotics (6.2% vs 7.8%; RD, -1.58 [95% CI, -2.49 to -0.67]). Postpartum parents in the azithromycin group had lower incidence of mastitis (0.3% vs 0.5%; RD, -0.24 [95% CI, -0.47 to -0.01]) and puerperal fever (0.1% vs 0.3%; RD, -0.19 [95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01]). Conclusions and Relevance Azithromycin administered orally during labor did not reduce neonatal sepsis or mortality. These results do not support routine introduction of oral intrapartum azithromycin for this purpose. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03199547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Bully Camara
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Joel D. Bognini
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Usman N. Nakakana
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Athasana M. Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Nathalie Beloum
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Fatoumata Sillah
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Madikoi Danso
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Joquina C. Jones
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Shashu Graves
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Isatou Jagne
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Pauline Getanda
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Saffiatou Darboe
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Marc C. Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ebrahim Ndure
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Hien S. Franck
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sawadogo Y. Edmond
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Bai L. Dondeh
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Wilfried G. J. Nassa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakaria Garba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulie Bojang
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Yusupha Njie
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Umberto D’Alessandro
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
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Valia D, Kouanda JS, Ingelbeen B, Derra K, Kaboré B, Kiemdé F, Rouamba T, Rouamba E, Hien FS, Campbell L, Meudec M, Robert A, Tinto H, van der Sande MAB, Villalobos HR. Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:391-400. [PMID: 36871194 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimising antibiotic use is important to limit increasing antibiotic resistance. In rural Burkina Faso, over-the-counter dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies and non-licensed medicine retail outlets facilitates self-medication. We investigated its extent, reasons and dispensing patterns. METHODS In an exploratory mixed-method design conducted between October 2020 and December 2021, this study first explored illness perceptions, the range of healthcare providers in communities, antibiotics knowledge and reasons for seeking healthcare outside healthcare facilities. Second, frequencies of illness and healthcare utilisation in the last 3 months were quantitatively measured. RESULTS Participants distinguished between natural and magico-religious illnesses, according to origins. For illnesses considered to be 'natural', healthcare was mainly sought at healthcare facilities, private pharmacies and informal drug outlets. For illnesses considered as magico-religious, traditional healers were mainly visited. Antibiotics were perceived in the community as medicines similar to painkillers. Healthcare-seeking outside healthcare facilities was reported by 660/1973 (33.5%) participants reporting symptoms, including 315 (47.7%) to informal vendors. Healthcare seeking outside facilities was less common for 0-4-year-olds (58/534, 10.9% vs. 379/850, 44.1% for ≥5-year-olds) and decreased with improving socio-economic status (108/237, 45.6% in the lowest quintile; 96/418, 23.0% in the highest). Reported reasons included financial limitation, and also proximity to informal drug vendors, long waiting times at healthcare facilities, and health professionals' non-empathetic attitudes towards their patients. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need to facilitate and promote access to healthcare facilities through universal health insurance and patient-centred care including reducing patients' waiting time. Furthermore, community-level antibiotic stewardship programmes should include community pharmacies and informal vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Valia
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juste Stéphane Kouanda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Brecht Ingelbeen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karim Derra
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - François Kiemdé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eli Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Franck Sovi Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Linda Campbell
- Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Meudec
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annie Robert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Rodriguez Villalobos
- Microbiology Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Ingelbeen B, Valia D, Phanzu DM, van der Sande MAB, Tinto H. Setting a realistic AWaRe target for primary care antibiotic use in LMICs. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:152-153. [PMID: 36623524 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Ingelbeen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Valia
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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41
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Saito M, McGready R, Tinto H, Rouamba T, Mosha D, Rulisa S, Kariuki S, Desai M, Manyando C, Njunju EM, Sevene E, Vala A, Augusto O, Clerk C, Were E, Mrema S, Kisinza W, Byamugisha J, Kagawa M, Singlovic J, Yore M, van Eijk AM, Mehta U, Stergachis A, Hill J, Stepniewska K, Gomes M, Guérin PJ, Nosten F, Ter Kuile FO, Dellicour S. Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester treatment with artemisinin derivatives versus non-artemisinin antimalarials: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet 2023; 401:118-130. [PMID: 36442488 PMCID: PMC9874756 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are a highly effective, first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, except in the first trimester of pregnancy, when quinine with clindamycin is recommended due to concerns about the potential embryotoxicity of artemisinins. We compared adverse pregnancy outcomes after artemisinin-based treatment (ABT) versus non-ABTs in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS For this systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Malaria in Pregnancy Library for prospective cohort studies published between Nov 1, 2015, and Dec 21, 2021, containing data on outcomes of pregnancies exposed to ABT and non-ABT in the first trimester. The results of this search were added to those of a previous systematic review that included publications published up until November, 2015. We included pregnancies enrolled before the pregnancy outcome was known. We excluded pregnancies with missing estimated gestational age or exposure information, multiple gestation pregnancies, and if the fetus was confirmed to be unviable before antimalarial treatment. The primary endpoint was adverse pregnancy outcome, defined as a composite of either miscarriage, stillbirth, or major congenital anomalies. A one-stage IPD meta-analysis was done by use of shared-frailty Cox models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42015032371. FINDINGS We identified seven eligible studies that included 12 cohorts. All 12 cohorts contributed IPD, including 34 178 pregnancies, 737 with confirmed first-trimester exposure to ABTs and 1076 with confirmed first-trimester exposure to non-ABTs. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 42 (5·7%) of 736 ABT-exposed pregnancies compared with 96 (8·9%) of 1074 non-ABT-exposed pregnancies in the first trimester (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0·71, 95% CI 0·49-1·03). Similar results were seen for the individual components of miscarriage (aHR=0·74, 0·47-1·17), stillbirth (aHR=0·71, 0·32-1·57), and major congenital anomalies (aHR=0·60, 0·13-2·87). The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was lower with artemether-lumefantrine than with oral quinine in the first trimester of pregnancy (25 [4·8%] of 524 vs 84 [9·2%] of 915; aHR 0·58, 0·36-0·92). INTERPRETATION We found no evidence of embryotoxicity or teratogenicity based on the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, or major congenital anomalies associated with ABT during the first trimester of pregnancy. Given that treatment with artemether-lumefantrine was associated with fewer adverse pregnancy outcomes than quinine, and because of the known superior tolerability and antimalarial effectiveness of ACTs, artemether-lumefantrine should be considered the preferred treatment for uncomplicated P falciparum malaria in the first trimester. If artemether-lumefantrine is unavailable, other ACTs (except artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) should be preferred to quinine. Continued active pharmacovigilance is warranted. FUNDING Medicines for Malaria Venture, WHO, and the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rose McGready
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Stephen Rulisa
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Meghna Desai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Eric M Njunju
- Department of Basic Sciences, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Esperanca Sevene
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Anifa Vala
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | | | - Edwin Were
- Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - William Kisinza
- National Institute of Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Josaphat Byamugisha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mike Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mackensie Yore
- VA Los Angeles and University of California, Los Angeles National Clinician Scholars Program, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Health Services Research and Development Service Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Maria van Eijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ushma Mehta
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andy Stergachis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kasia Stepniewska
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melba Gomes
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Philippe J Guérin
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francois Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Feiko O Ter Kuile
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephanie Dellicour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Gansane A, Lingani M, Yeka A, Nahum A, Bouyou-Akotet M, Mombo-Ngoma G, Kaguthi G, Barceló C, Laurijssens B, Cantalloube C, Macintyre F, Djeriou E, Jessel A, Bejuit R, Demarest H, Marrast AC, Debe S, Tinto H, Kibuuka A, Nahum D, Mawili-Mboumba DP, Zoleko-Manego R, Mugenya I, Olewe F, Duparc S, Ogutu B. Randomized, open-label, phase 2a study to evaluate the contribution of artefenomel to the clinical and parasiticidal activity of artefenomel plus ferroquine in African patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 2023; 22:2. [PMID: 36597076 PMCID: PMC9809015 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of artefenomel to the clinical and parasiticidal activity of ferroquine and artefenomel in combination in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria was investigated. METHODS This Phase 2a, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study was conducted from 11th September 2018 to 6th November 2019 across seven centres in Benin, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Kenya, and Uganda. Patients aged ≥ 14-69 years with microscopically confirmed infection (≥ 3000 to ≤ 50,000 parasites/µL blood) were randomized 1:1:1:1 to 400 mg ferroquine, or 400 mg ferroquine plus artefenomel 300, 600, or 1000 mg, administered as a single oral dose. The primary efficacy analysis was a logistic regression evaluating the contribution of artefenomel exposure to Day 28 PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Safety was also evaluated. RESULTS The randomized population included 140 patients. For the primary analysis in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic efficacy population (N = 121), the contribution of artefenomel AUC0-∞ to Day 28 PCR-adjusted ACPR was not demonstrated when accounting for ferroquine AUC0-d28, baseline parasitaemia, and other model covariates: odds ratio 1.1 (95% CI 0.98, 1.2; P = 0.245). In the per-protocol population, Day 28 PCR-adjusted ACPR was 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6, 93.4) with ferroquine alone and 90.3% (28/31; 95% CI 74.2, 98.0), 90.9% (30/33; 95% CI 75.7, 98.1) and 87.1% (27/31; 95% CI 70.2, 96.4) with 300, 600, and 1000 mg artefenomel, respectively. Median time to parasite clearance (Kaplan-Meier) was 56.1 h with ferroquine, more rapid with artefenomel, but similar for all doses (30.0 h). There were no deaths. Adverse events (AEs) of any cause occurred in 51.4% (18/35) of patients with ferroquine 400 mg alone, and 58.3% (21/36), 66.7% (24/36), and 72.7% (24/33) with 300, 600, and 1000 mg artefenomel, respectively. All AEs were of mild-to-moderate severity, and consistent with the known profiles of the compounds. Vomiting was the most reported AE. There were no cases of QTcF prolongation ≥ 500 ms or > 60 ms from baseline. CONCLUSION The contribution of artefenomel exposure to the clinical and parasitological activity of ferroquine/artefenomel could not be demonstrated in this study. Parasite clearance was faster with ferroquine/artefenomel versus ferroquine alone. All treatments were well tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03660839 (7 September, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Gansane
- grid.507461.10000 0004 0413 3193Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 220801 BP 2208 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Lingani
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Adoke Yeka
- grid.463352.50000 0004 8340 3103Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alain Nahum
- Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Marielle Bouyou-Akotet
- grid.502965.dDépartement de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine – Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- grid.452268.fCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon ,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Grace Kaguthi
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute-Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research (KEMRI-CRDR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catalina Barceló
- grid.452605.00000 0004 0432 5267Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fiona Macintyre
- grid.452605.00000 0004 0432 5267Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Helen Demarest
- grid.452605.00000 0004 0432 5267Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Claire Marrast
- grid.452605.00000 0004 0432 5267Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Siaka Debe
- grid.507461.10000 0004 0413 3193Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 220801 BP 2208 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Afizi Kibuuka
- grid.463352.50000 0004 8340 3103Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Diolinda Nahum
- Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba
- grid.502965.dDépartement de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine – Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Rella Zoleko-Manego
- grid.452268.fCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon ,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Mugenya
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute-Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research (KEMRI-CRDR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frederick Olewe
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya ,grid.442494.b0000 0000 9430 1509Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences (CREATES), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephan Duparc
- grid.452605.00000 0004 0432 5267Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhards Ogutu
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya ,grid.442494.b0000 0000 9430 1509Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences (CREATES), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Desmond C, Watt K, Boua PR, Moore C, Erzse A, Sorgho H, Hofman K, Roumba T, Tinto H, Ward KA. Investing in human development and building state resilience in fragile contexts: A case study of early nutrition investments in Burkina Faso. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001737. [PMID: 36989221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Maternal and early malnutrition have negative health and developmental impacts over the life-course. Consequently, early nutrition support can provide significant benefits into later life, provided the later life contexts allow. This study examines the limits of siloed investments in nutrition and illustrates how ignoring life-course contextual constraints limits human development benefits and exacerbates inequality, particularly in fragile contexts. This case study focuses on Burkina Faso, a country with high rates of early malnutrition and a fragile state. We modelled the impact of scaling up 10 nutrition interventions to 80% coverage for a single year cohort on stunting, nationally and sub-nationally, using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), and the consequent impact on earnings, without and with a complementary cash-transfer in later life. The impact on earnings was modelled utilising the well-established pathway between early nutrition, years of completed schooling and, consequent adult earnings. Productivity returns were estimated as the present value of increased income over individuals' working lives, then compared to estimates of the present value of providing the cost of nutrition interventions and cash-transfers. The cost benefit ratio at the national level for scaled nutrition alone is 1:1. Sub-nationally the worst-off region yields the lowest ratio < 0.2 for every dollar spent. The combination of nutrition and cash-transfers national cost benefit is 1:12, still with regional variation but with great improvement in the poorest region. This study shows that early nutrition support alone may not be enough to address inequality and may add to state fragility. Taking a life-course perspective when priority-setting in contexts with multiple constraints on development can help to identify interventions that maximizing returns, without worsening inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Desmond
- SAMRC/ Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathryn Watt
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Palwendé R Boua
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences (SBIMB), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Candice Moore
- Department of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Agnes Erzse
- SAMRC/ Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/ Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Toussaint Roumba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Kate A Ward
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Bonko MDA, Karama I, Kiemde F, Lompo P, Garba Z, Yougbaré S, Mens PF, Tinto H, Tahita MC, Schallig HDFH. Could combined rapid diagnostic testing for malaria and c-reactive protein be helpful for the diagnosis and management of febrile illnesses in children under-5 years of age in rural Burkina Faso? BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:952. [PMID: 36536340 PMCID: PMC9764475 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile illnesses are among the most important reasons for medical consultation in sub-Saharan Africa and are frequently treated with antimicrobials due to the unavailability of appropriate diagnostic tools. This practice leads to antimicrobial resistance, with increasing mortality and morbidity as result. One of the few accessible diagnostic tools available in low resource settings is malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) which contributed to reducing the over-prescription of anti-malarials, but cannot guide antibiotic prescriptions. To circumvent this problem, we explored whether combined testing with mRDT and c-reactive protein (CRP) could improve the diagnosis of febrile illnesses and subsequent prescription of antibiotics. METHODS Clinical specimens (blood, stool and urine) collected from 396 febrile children (axillary temperature of ≥ 37.5 °C) were analyzed with rapid diagnostic tests (malaria and CRP) and microbiology culture to establish the possible cause of fever. Actual antimicrobial prescriptions given to the children were compared with those that could be given based on combined CRP-malaria testing. RESULTS In total, 68.7% (272/396) of malaria cases were diagnosed by mRDT-Pf-HRP-2. CRP test was positive in 84.3% (334/396) of the children, but bacterial infections were confirmed in 12.4% (49/396) of them. A possible cause of fever could not be established in 20.5% (81/396) of cases. Based on the diagnostic practice in place, 265 of the children with a positive mRDT-Pf-HRP-2 received anti-malarial treatment. Furthermore, 89.5% (111/124) of negative mRDT results received antibiotic treatment and 37.1% (46/124) received antimalarial treatment. Of these 124 cases, 80 had positive CRP tests and 44 negative CRP tests. If the results of CRP testing are considered, 44 CRP/mRDT negative children would not get antibiotic treatment, resulting in a 35.5% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions. However, 2 cases with a bacterial infection would be denied appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION Combining mRDT-PfHRP2 with CRP testing is particularly useful in children for whom both tests are negative as it results in a reduction of antibiotics prescriptions. However, there is a risk to miss potential severe bacterial infections and a close follow-up of these cases is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massa dit Achille Bonko
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso ,grid.5650.60000000404654431Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ibrahima Karama
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Francois Kiemde
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Palpouguini Lompo
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakaria Garba
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sibidou Yougbaré
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Petra F. Mens
- grid.5650.60000000404654431Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Halidou Tinto
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- grid.457337.10000 0004 0564 0509Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé- Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, IRSS-DRCO /URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Henk. D. F. H. Schallig
- grid.5650.60000000404654431Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sawadogo Y, Galal L, Belarbi E, Zongo A, Schubert G, Leendertz F, Kanteh A, Sesay AK, Erhart A, Bañuls AL, Tarnagda Z, Godreuil S, Tinto H, Ouedraogo AS. Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122788. [PMID: 36560792 PMCID: PMC9782145 DOI: 10.3390/v14122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After its initial detection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, causing successive epidemic waves worldwide. This study aims to provide a genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina Faso. METHODS Three hundred and seventy-seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples (PCR cycle threshold score < 35) collected between 5 May 2020, and 31 January 2022 were analyzed. Genomic sequences were assigned to phylogenetic clades using NextClade and to Pango lineages using pangolin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed to determine the geographical sources and time of virus introduction in Burkina Faso. RESULTS The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be assigned to 10 phylogenetic clades and 27 Pango lineages already described worldwide. Our analyses revealed the important role of cross-border human mobility in the successive SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Burkina Faso from neighboring countries. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional insights into the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa. It highlights the importance of land travel in the spread of the virus and the need to rapidly implement preventive policies. Regional cross-border collaborations and the adherence of the general population to government policies are key to prevent new epidemic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacouba Sawadogo
- Departement of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 676, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Lokman Galal
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier—Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Arsène Zongo
- Muraz Center, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Abdoulie Kanteh
- Genomics Core Facility, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia (MRCG), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Abdul Karim Sesay
- Genomics Core Facility, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia (MRCG), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Annette Erhart
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia (MRCG), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier—Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Jeune Equipe Associée (JEAI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Résistances Antimicrobiennes au Burkina Faso (FASORAM), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zékiba Tarnagda
- Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippe (LNR-G), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7192, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier—Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Jeune Equipe Associée (JEAI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Résistances Antimicrobiennes au Burkina Faso (FASORAM), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (CNRST/IRSS), Nanoro BP 18, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- Departement of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 676, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
- Muraz Center, Bobo Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
- Jeune Equipe Associée (JEAI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Résistances Antimicrobiennes au Burkina Faso (FASORAM), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: or
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Starck T, Dambach P, Rouamba T, Tinto H, Osier F, Oldenburg CE, Adam M, Bärnighausen T, Jaenisch T, Bulstra CA. The effect of malaria on childhood anemia in a quasi-experimental study of 7,384 twins from 23 Sub-Saharan African countries. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1009865. [PMID: 36561861 PMCID: PMC9766366 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly those from resource-limited settings, are heavily burdened by anemia and malaria. While malaria infected children frequently become anemic (hemoglobin < 110 g/L), anemia is a strongly multifactorial disease with many other risk factors than malaria. Due to the complex and often overlapping contributors to anemia, it remains challenging to isolate the true impact of malaria on population level hemoglobin concentrations. Methods We quantified the malaria-induced effect on hemoglobin levels in children under 5 years of age, leveraging data from 7,384 twins and other multiples, aged 6 to 59 months, from 57 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) from 23 SSA countries from 2006 to 2019. The quasi-experimental twin fixed-effect design let us minimize the impact of potential confounders that do not vary between twins. Results Our analyses of twins revealed a malaria-induced hemoglobin decrease in infected twins of 9 g/L (95% CI -10; -7, p<0.001). The relative risk of severe anemia was higher (RR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.79; 5.1, p<0.001) among malaria positive children, compared to malaria negative children. Conversely, malaria positive children are only half as likely to be non-anemic (RR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.43; 0.61, p<0.001). Conclusion Even after rigorous control for confounding through a twin fixed-effects study design, malaria substantially decreased hemoglobin levels among SSA twins, rendering them much more susceptible to severe anemia. This effect reflects the population-level effect of malaria on anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Starck
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Tim Starck
| | - Peter Dambach
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Faith Osier
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Catherine E. Oldenburg
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maya Adam
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Deptartment of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Caroline A. Bulstra
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Thompson HA, Hogan AB, Walker PGT, Winskill P, Zongo I, Sagara I, Tinto H, Ouedraogo JB, Dicko A, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B, Cairns M, Ghani AC. Seasonal use case for the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1782-e1792. [PMID: 36400084 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 2021 clinical trial of seasonal RTS,S/AS01E (RTS,S) vaccination showed that vaccination was non-inferior to seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in preventing clinical malaria. The combination of these two interventions provided significant additional protection against clinical and severe malaria outcomes. Projections of the effect of this novel approach to RTS,S vaccination in seasonal transmission settings for extended timeframes and across a range of epidemiological settings are needed to inform policy recommendations. METHODS We used a mathematical, individual-based model of malaria transmission that was fitted to data on the relationship between entomological inoculation rate and parasite prevalence, clinical disease, severe disease, and deaths from multiple sites across Africa. The model was validated with results from a phase 3b trial assessing the effect of SV-RTS,S in Mali and Burkina Faso. We developed three intervention efficacy models with varying degrees and durations of protection for our population-level modelling analysis to assess the potential effect of an RTS,S vaccination schedule based on age (doses were delivered to children aged 6 months, 7·5 months, and 9 months for the first three doses, and at 27 months of age for the fourth dose) or season (children aged 5-17 months at the time of first vaccination received the first three doses in the 3 months preceding the transmission season, with any subsequent doses up to five doses delivered annually) in seasonal transmission settings both in the absence and presence of SMC with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine. This is modelled as a full therapeutic course delivered every month for four or five months of the peak in transmission season. Estimates of cases and deaths averted in a population of 100 000 children aged 0-5 years were calculated over a 15-year time period for a range of levels of malaria transmission intensity (Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence in children aged 2-10 years between 10% and 65%) and over two west Africa seasonality archetypes. FINDINGS Seasonally targeting RTS,S resulted in greater absolute reductions in malaria cases and deaths compared with an age-based strategy, averting an additional 14 000-47 000 cases per 100 000 children aged 5 years and younger over 15 years, dependent on seasonality and transmission intensity. We predicted that adding seasonally targeted RTS,S to SMC would reduce clinical incidence by up to an additional 42 000-67 000 cases per 100 000 children aged 5 years and younger over 15 years compared with SMC alone. Transmission season duration was a key determinant of intervention effect, with the advantage of adding RTS,S to SMC predicted to be smaller with shorter transmission seasons. INTERPRETATION RTS,S vaccination in seasonal settings could be a valuable additional tool to existing interventions, with seasonal delivery maximising the effect relative to an age-based approach. Decisions surrounding deployment strategies of RTS,S in such settings will need to consider the local and regional variations in seasonality, current rates of other interventions, and potential achievable RTS,S coverage. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, UK Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, The Wellcome Trust, and The Royal society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A Thompson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Alexandra B Hogan
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London UK; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick G T Walker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Peter Winskill
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Issaka Zongo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Technologies, and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut National de Santé Publique - Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut Sciences et Techniques, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Technologies, and Techniques of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daniel Chandramohan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matt Cairns
- International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Azra C Ghani
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London UK.
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48
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Datoo MS, Natama HM, Somé A, Bellamy D, Traoré O, Rouamba T, Tahita MC, Ido NFA, Yameogo P, Valia D, Millogo A, Ouedraogo F, Soma R, Sawadogo S, Sorgho F, Derra K, Rouamba E, Ramos-Lopez F, Cairns M, Provstgaard-Morys S, Aboagye J, Lawrie A, Roberts R, Valéa I, Sorgho H, Williams N, Glenn G, Fries L, Reimer J, Ewer KJ, Shaligram U, Hill AVS, Tinto H. Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1728-1736. [PMID: 36087586 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously reported the efficacy of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, which reached the WHO-specified goal of 75% or greater efficacy over 12 months in the target population of African children. Here, we report the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy results at 12 months following administration of a booster vaccination. METHODS This double-blind phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial was done in children aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Eligible children were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive three vaccinations of either 5 μg R21/25 μg Matrix-M, 5 μg R21/50 μg Matrix-M, or a control vaccine (the Rabivax-S rabies vaccine) before the malaria season, with a booster dose 12 months later. Children were eligible for inclusion if written informed consent could be provided by a parent or guardian. Exclusion criteria included any existing clinically significant comorbidity or receipt of other investigational products. A random allocation list was generated by an independent statistician by use of block randomisation with variable block sizes. A research assistant from the University of Oxford, independent of the trial team, prepared sealed envelopes using this list, which was then provided to the study pharmacists to assign participants. All vaccines were prepared by the study pharmacists by use of the same type of syringe, and the contents were covered with an opaque label. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and a potential correlate of efficacy with immunogenicity, measured as anti-NANP antibody titres, were evaluated over 1 year following the first booster vaccination. The population in which the efficacy analyses were done comprised all participants who received the primary series of vaccinations and a booster vaccination. Participants were excluded from the efficacy analysis if they withdrew from the trial within the first 2 weeks of receiving the booster vaccine. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03896724), and is continuing for a further 2 years to assess both the potential value of additional booster vaccine doses and longer-term safety. FINDINGS Between June 2, and July 2, 2020, 409 children returned to receive a booster vaccine. Each child received the same vaccination for the booster as they received in the primary series of vaccinations; 132 participants received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 25 μg Matrix-M, 137 received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 50 μg Matrix-M, and 140 received the control vaccine. R21/Matrix-M had a favourable safety profile and was well tolerated. Vaccine efficacy remained high in the high adjuvant dose (50 μg) group, similar to previous findings at 1 year after the primary series of vaccinations. Following the booster vaccination, 67 (51%) of 132 children who received R21/Matrix-M with low-dose adjuvant, 54 (39%) of 137 children who received R21/Matrix-M with high-dose adjuvant, and 121 (86%) of 140 children who received the rabies vaccine developed clinical malaria by 12 months. Vaccine efficacy was 71% (95% CI 60 to 78) in the low-dose adjuvant group and 80% (72 to 85) in the high-dose adjuvant group. In the high-dose adjuvant group, vaccine efficacy against multiple episodes of malaria was 78% (95% CI 71 to 83), and 2285 (95% CI 1911 to 2568) cases of malaria were averted per 1000 child-years at risk among vaccinated children in the second year of follow-up. Among these participants, at 28 days following their last R21/Matrix-M vaccination, titres of malaria-specific anti-NANP antibodies correlated positively with protection against malaria in both the first year of follow-up (Spearman's ρ -0·32 [95% CI -0·45 to -0·19]; p=0·0001) and second year of follow-up (-0·20 [-0·34 to -0·06]; p=0·02). INTERPRETATION A booster dose of R21/Matrix-M at 1 year following the primary three-dose regimen maintained high efficacy against first and multiple episodes of clinical malaria. Furthermore, the booster vaccine induced antibody concentrations that correlated with vaccine efficacy. The trial is ongoing to assess long-term follow-up of these participants and the value of further booster vaccinations. FUNDING European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 (EDCTP2), Wellcome Trust, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen S Datoo
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Duncan Bellamy
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ousmane Traoré
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - N Félix André Ido
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Prisca Yameogo
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Valia
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Aida Millogo
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Florence Ouedraogo
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Rachidatou Soma
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Seydou Sawadogo
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Faizatou Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Karim Derra
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eli Rouamba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Fernando Ramos-Lopez
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Cairns
- International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Aboagye
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Lawrie
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Roberts
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicola Williams
- Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
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Maketa V, Kabalu J, Kabena M, Luzolo F, Muhindo-Mavoko H, Schallig HDFH, Kayentao K, Mens PF, Lutumba P, Tinto H. Comparison of intermittent screening (using ultra-sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic test) and treatment (using a newly registered antimalarial pyronaridine-artesunate—PYRAMAX®) to standard intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria in pregnant women living in endemic areas: ULTRAPYRAPREG. Trials 2022; 23:963. [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is an important malaria control strategy in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, it overcomes the risk of misdiagnosis due to low peripheral parasitemia during pregnancy by treating women with SP on predetermined schedules. However, over time, the spread of Plasmodium-resistant strains has threatened this strategy in many countries. As an alternative, the intermittent screening and treatment for pregnancy (ISTp) aims at a monthly screening of pregnant women, preferably by using very sensitive tests such as ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests (us-RDTs) and the treatment of positive cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regardless of the presence of symptoms. Unlike IPTp-SP, ISTp prevents overuse of antimalarials limiting the drug pressure on parasites, an advantage which can be potentiated by using an ACT like pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax®) that is not yet used in pregnant women in the field.
Methods
This study aims to compare the non-inferiority of ISTp using us-RDTs and Pyramax® versus IPTp-SP on malaria in pregnancy through a randomized clinical trial performed in Kisenso, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a malaria perennial transmission area.
Discussion
The results will be essential for the National Malaria Control Program to update the malaria prevention policy in pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04783051
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50
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Cairns M, Barry A, Zongo I, Sagara I, Yerbanga SR, Diarra M, Zoungrana C, Issiaka D, Sienou AA, Tapily A, Sanogo K, Kaya M, Traore S, Diarra K, Yalcouye H, Sidibe Y, Haro A, Thera I, Snell P, Grant J, Tinto H, Milligan P, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B, Dicko A, Ouedraogo JB. The duration of protection against clinical malaria provided by the combination of seasonal RTS,S/AS01 E vaccination and seasonal malaria chemoprevention versus either intervention given alone. BMC Med 2022; 20:352. [PMID: 36203149 PMCID: PMC9540742 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent trial of 5920 children in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that the combination of seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine (primary series and two seasonal boosters) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (four monthly cycles per year) was markedly more effective than either intervention given alone in preventing clinical malaria, severe malaria, and deaths from malaria. METHODS In order to help optimise the timing of these two interventions, trial data were reanalysed to estimate the duration of protection against clinical malaria provided by RTS,S/AS01E when deployed seasonally, by comparing the group who received the combination of SMC and RTS,S/AS01E with the group who received SMC alone. The duration of protection from SMC was also estimated comparing the combined intervention group with the group who received RTS,S/AS01E alone. Three methods were used: Piecewise Cox regression, Flexible parametric survival models and Smoothed Schoenfeld residuals from Cox models, stratifying on the study area and using robust standard errors to control for within-child clustering of multiple episodes. RESULTS The overall protective efficacy from RTS,S/AS01E over 6 months was at least 60% following the primary series and the two seasonal booster doses and remained at a high level over the full malaria transmission season. Beyond 6 months, protective efficacy appeared to wane more rapidly, but the uncertainty around the estimates increases due to the lower number of cases during this period (coinciding with the onset of the dry season). Protection from SMC exceeded 90% in the first 2-3 weeks post-administration after several cycles, but was not 100%, even immediately post-administration. Efficacy begins to decline from approximately day 21 and then declines more sharply after day 28, indicating the importance of preserving the delivery interval for SMC cycles at a maximum of four weeks. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of both interventions was highest immediately post-administration. Understanding differences between these interventions in their peak efficacy and how rapidly efficacy declines over time will help to optimise the scheduling of SMC, malaria vaccination and the combination in areas of seasonal transmission with differing epidemiology, and using different vaccine delivery systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION The RTS,S-SMC trial in which these data were collected was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03143218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cairns
- International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Amadou Barry
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Zongo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Serge R Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Charles Zoungrana
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abdoul Aziz Sienou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alassane Haro
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Paul Snell
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Grant
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Paul Milligan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel Chandramohan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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