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Wong KW, Wu X, Dong Y. Interventions to reduce burnout and improve the mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:324-343. [PMID: 37985559 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate and determine the effectiveness of interventions on improving mental health (anxiety, depression, stress or mental well-being) and/or reducing burnout of nurses working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted on studies from conception to December 2022 in databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science and in ProQuest Thesis & Dissertations Global Database, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 17 randomised controlled trials that evaluated different interventions were included. The outcomes were anxiety (n = 11), depression (n = 5), stress (n = 13) mental well-being (n = 7) and burnout (n = 7). Not all interventions led to positive outcomes. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) appraisal and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2.0) revealed poor quality of currently available literature, with low to very low certainty. Meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity among the five different outcomes, with subgroup analysis showing greater success in interventions conducted on nurses involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. More well-designed trials are necessary to reinforce current evidence to improve the mental health of nurses, to not only protect their quality of life but also to ensure the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei Wong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Xinyao Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Patra M, Hamiduzzaman M, McLaren H, Siddiquee NA. A Scoping Review of Changes to Patient-Doctor Communication During COVID-19. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:25-48. [PMID: 36522301 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective communication between patients and doctors is fundamental to high-quality healthcare, patient safety, and overall satisfaction. However, the onset of COVID-19 has prompted significant shifts in communication from in-room and face-to-face interactions to virtual consults. The impact of this pandemic-related change on patient-doctor communication goals, processes, attributes, and environment remains unclear. We undertook a scoping review involving the systematic search of seven academic databases for relevant articles published up to and including June 2021. In total, 47 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. We applied the patient-doctor communication framework to guide our deductive thematic analysis of articles included, sorting results from reported studies and position papers into themes and sub-themes. The theme of communication goals highlighted sub-themes related to patient safety, convenience, affordability, and satisfaction; preparation included sub-themes on technology interventions, workforce training, and digital literacy; participant attributes included compassion for doctors and rebuilding trust among patients; and communication process included issues related to telemedicine or video conferencing, challenges with diminished patient privacy, and distractions in the patient's home setting. Finally, the environment theme included insights into doctors' workload, isolation, and anxiety and how changes requiring increases in virtual consults iteratively altered confidence in care provision and communication with patients. Results of the scoping review provide important insights for strengthening virtual patient-doctor interactions, including target areas for training and professional development during and beyond the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Patra
- Department of Sociology, Maulana Azad College, University of Calcutta
| | | | - Helen McLaren
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University
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Zhong J, Zhong Q, Xiong H, Wu D, Zheng C, Liu S, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Zhang D. Public acceptance of COVID-19 control measures and associated factors during Omicron-dominant period in China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:543. [PMID: 38383375 PMCID: PMC10882874 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the public acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures during the Omicron-dominant period and its associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional design was conducted and 1391 study participants were openly recruited to participate in the questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between the public acceptance and potential factors more specifically. RESULTS By August 26, 2022, 58.9% of the study participants were less acceptive of the control measures while 41.1% expressed higher acceptance. Factors associated with lower acceptance included young age, such as < 18 (OR = 8.251, 95% CI: 2.009 to 33.889) and 18-29 (OR = 2.349, 95% CI: 1.564 to 3.529), and household per capita monthly income lower than 5000 yuan (OR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.085 to 2.105). Furthermore, individuals who perceived that the case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was very low (OR = 6.010, 95% CI: 2.475 to 14.595) and that the restrictions could be eased once the CFR dropped to 2-3 times of the influenza (OR = 2.792, 95% CI: 1.939 to 4.023) showed greater oppositional attitudes. Likewise, respondents who were dissatisfied with control measures (OR = 9.639, 95% CI: 4.425 to 20.998) or preferred fully relaxation as soon as possible (OR = 13.571, 95% CI: 7.751 to 23.758) had even lower acceptability. By contrast, rural residents (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.473 to 0.987), students (OR = 0.510, 95% CI: 0.276 to 0.941), public (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.240 to 0.727) and private (OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.320 to 0.986) employees, and vaccinated participants (OR = 0.393, 95% CI: 0.204 to 0.756) were more compliant with control measures. CONCLUSION More than half of the Chinese public were less supportive of COVID-19 control measures during Omicron-dominant period, which varied based on their different demographic characteristics, cognition and overall attitude towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Control measures that struck a balance between public safety and individual freedom would be more acceptable during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianhong Zhong
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Foshan city, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyi Zhong
- School of Law, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, 512026, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Washington T, Lewinson TD. Healthcare Social Workers' Scope of Practice during COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:174. [PMID: 38255063 PMCID: PMC10815567 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic pushed the U.S. healthcare system to its limits, resulting in the need for flexibility in care delivery. This study aimed to describe healthcare social workers' scope of practice since the start of the pandemic. Semi-structured interviews for this qualitative study were conducted using the Zoom platform between July and August 2020. This study used a basic qualitative content analysis with integrated deductive and inductive coding to explore participant perspectives. Their scope was assessed based on healthcare social work practice standards. Four practice standards and eight themes that emerged from the data were knowledge and skills (care planning and intervention and social worker-patient relationship), workload sustainability (workload expansion and workload facilitators), interdisciplinary collaboration (collaborating beyond the scope of responsibilities and collaboration challenges), and cultural competency (institutional and societal). The findings add a deeper understanding of the roles social workers perform, how they think about these roles, how they want to be understood, and how they are best utilized in ways consistent with their training and expertise. Moving forward, healthcare systems may consider well-delineated roles and responsibilities for everyday practice and during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri D. Lewinson
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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Doleman G, De Leo A, Bloxsome D. The impact of pandemics on healthcare providers' workloads: A scoping review. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4434-4454. [PMID: 37203285 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review and synthesize available evidence exploring the impact of pandemics on direct healthcare providers' workloads in the acute care setting. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES A review of English research articles published up to August 2022 that examined the impact of pandemics on healthcare providers' workloads was undertaken. Studies were identified by searching four electronic databases: Medline (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science and PsychInfo (EBSCO). Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. REVIEW METHODS The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Scoping Review checklist. RESULTS Healthcare workers experience an increase in workload pressures during a pandemic. This included patients requiring more care, undertaking non-normal work activities, increase in work content including changes to documentation, increase in demand and skills required, an increase in overtime and hours of work per week and higher patient-to-nurse ratios. The review also highlighted changes to the work environment and worsened work environments, including staffing shortages. CONCLUSION Focused efforts from health organizations to prioritize supportive conditions, policies focused on improved work environments, staffing adequacy and fair and reasonable workloads will enhance retention of the current workforce and future planning for pandemics. IMPACT Understanding workload challenges faced by frontline health professionals during the pandemic can improve planning, including policies and procedures, and resource allocation for future pandemic or emergency situations. In addition, extended periods of high workloads can impact staff retention. As many countries return to life after COVID-19, it is important that healthcare organizations examine staff pressures and identify ways to support staff moving forward. This will be vital for the future sustainability of the workforce. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Doleman
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gardiner Osbourne Park Healthcare Group, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annemarie De Leo
- School of Medical Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne Bloxsome
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Sato H, Maeda M, Takebayashi Y, Setou N, Shimada J, Kanari Y. Impact of Unexpected In-House Major COVID-19 Outbreaks on Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4718. [PMID: 36981623 PMCID: PMC10049033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). The authors have provided psychosocial support to HCWs working in typical hospitals and nursing homes in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, where major COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred since December 2020. This study retrospectively examines depressive symptoms before psychosocial interventions among HCWs working at typical hospitals and nursing homes experiencing in-house major COVID-19 outbreaks. We have offered psychosocial support in eight hospitals and nursing homes, obtaining data on the mental health status of 558 HCWs using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The study's results indicate that 29.4% of HCWs have exhibited moderate or higher depressive symptoms, and 10.2% had suicidal ideation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being a nurse was associated with higher depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation compared to other HCWs. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction-positive HCWs showed that being a nurse and the number of COVID-19-related symptoms was associated with high depressive symptoms. These results suggest that HCWs in typical hospitals and nursing homes experiencing major COVID-19 outbreaks are more likely to exhibit severe depressive symptoms, which may worsen if infected with COVID-19. This study's findings expand the current understanding of HCWs' depressive symptoms and the importance of psychosocial support during unexpected major outbreaks in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sato
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yui Takebayashi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noriko Setou
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jiro Shimada
- Hospital Futaba Emergency General Medical Support Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kanari
- Fukushima Prefectural Government, Department of Health and Welfare, Fukushima Prefectural Headquarters for Coronavirus Infection Control, Fukushima 960-8670, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Hwang S, Kwon KT, Lee SH, Kim SW, Chang HH, Kim Y, Bae S, Cheong HS, Park SY, Kim B, Lee S, Park J, Heo ST, Oh WS, Kim Y, Park KH, Kang CK, Oh N, Lim SJ, Yun S, Son JW, Ryoo HW, Chung US, Lee JY, Park HY, Shin JY, Bae SG, Lee JY. Correlates of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3360. [PMID: 36849638 PMCID: PMC9969371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a form of negative emotional and physical response to job stress. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Korea and to explore correlates of burnout among healthcare workers. A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was conducted from December 1, 2020, to January 29, 2021 on 1425 healthcare workers who worked in one of the 16 healthcare facilities designated for COVID-19 care, in public health centers, or as paramedics in Korea. Burnout was assessed using 16 Korean-adapted items based on the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the R version 4.1.1 software program. OLBI results indicate clinically exhaustion in 84.5% (1204/1425) and clinically disengagement in 91.1% (1298/1425), and 77.3% (1102/1425) met the score criteria for both the exhaustion and disengagement subscales for burnout. Burnout rate was significantly increased in the group with chronic fatigue symptoms (Fatigue Severity Scale ≥ 3.22) after the outbreak of COVID-19 (OR, 3.94; 95% CI 2.80-5.56), in the female group (OR, 2.05; 95% CI 1.46-2.86), in the group with physical symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15 ≥ 10) after the outbreak of COVID-19 (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.14-3.60), in the group with a higher Global Assessment of Recent Stress scale (OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.46-2.01), in the group with post-traumatic stress symptoms (Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-5 ≥ 2) (OR, 1.47; 95% CI 1.08-2.01), and in the younger age group(OR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.22-1.72). The chronic fatigue symptoms were correlated with cumulative days of care (OR, 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37). The physical symptoms were correlated with average contact hours with COVID-19 patients per day (OR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.17-1.54), and cumulative days of care (OR, 1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.38). Most Korean healthcare workers suffered from burnout related to excessive workload during the COVID-19 pandemic. During a widespread health crisis like COVID-19, it is necessary to regularly check the burnout status in healthcare workers and reduce their excessive workload by supplementing the workforce and providing appropriate working hours sufficient rest hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Hwang
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hokuk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hokuk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea.
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, 245 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04564, South Korea.
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Bae
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hae Suk Cheong
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- grid.412674.20000 0004 1773 6524Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bongyoung Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinwon Lee
- grid.412588.20000 0000 8611 7824Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- grid.411120.70000 0004 0371 843XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Won Sup Oh
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- grid.415619.e0000 0004 1773 6903Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - NamHee Oh
- Hospital Infection Control Team, Daegu Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Lim
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Masan Medical Center, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Seongcheol Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Andong Medical Center, Andong, South Korea
| | - Ji Woong Son
- grid.411127.00000 0004 0618 6707Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Ryoo
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Un Sun Chung
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-geun Bae
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-yeon Lee
- grid.440932.80000 0001 2375 5180Department of Counseling Psychology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea
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Yildiz B, Yildiz H, Ozbilgin M. How do compulsory citizenship behaviors affect moral disengagement in organizations? Significance of anger toward the organization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1038860. [PMID: 36506970 PMCID: PMC9732554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are confronted with an intensified workload. The literature on compulsory citizenship behaviors and their consequences is still far from explaining the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that underlie this relationship. Methods Drawing on the resource depletion theory, we unpack the mechanism by which compulsory citizenship behaviors influence moral disengagement with the mediation effects of anger toward the organization. We are reporting a cross-sectional survey of nurses (n = 294) in private and public hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. The data analysis involved structural equation modeling and Bayesian mediation. Results The study revealed that compulsory citizenship behaviors positively influenced anger toward the organization and moral disengagement. Further, anger toward the organization mediates the link between compulsory citizenship behaviors and moral disengagement. Likewise, the Bayesian mediation analysis indicated that the proportion mediated (PM), which ensures a prediction of the extent to which the pathway explains the total effect through the mediation effect, was 33.74%. Conclusion The findings show that exposure to compulsory citizenship behaviors lead to negative emotional (anger toward to organization) and cognitive (moral disengagement) consequences in nurses. Practical implications Hospital managers should not force nurses to display discretionary work tasks outside their job descriptions. Providing an organizational milieu where voluntarily extra-role behaviors are encouraged may help reduce nurses' moral disengagement and, in turn, ease their anger toward the organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Yildiz
- Faculty of Economics, Department of Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, ,College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel Business School, Organizations and People, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom,School of Business, Economics and Informatics, Department of Organizational Psychology, University of London-Birkbeck College, Bloomsbury, United Kingdom
| | - Harun Yildiz
- College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel Business School, Organizations and People, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom,Omer Seyfettin Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of International Trade, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozbilgin
- College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel Business School, Organizations and People, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Mustafa Ozbilgin,
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Schulze S, Merz S, Thier A, Tallarek M, König F, Uhlenbrock G, Nübling M, Lincke HJ, Rapp MA, Spallek J, Holmberg C. Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:949. [PMID: 35883124 PMCID: PMC9315075 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). RESULTS Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulze
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sibille Merz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Anne Thier
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Marie Tallarek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Franziska König
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Greta Uhlenbrock
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Matthias Nübling
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Lincke
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus -Senftenberg, Senfenberg, Germany
| | - Christine Holmberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany. .,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.
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10
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Kwon HH, Kim HI, Kwon KT, Hwang S, Kim SW, Kim Y, Kim HA, Hyun M, Hong HL, Kim MJ, Hur J, Hong KS. Healthcare Workforce Response to The Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Daegu, Korea: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Survey. Infect Chemother 2022; 54:298-307. [PMID: 35706078 PMCID: PMC9259921 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Securing an available healthcare workforce is critical to respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, research investigating Korea's COVID-19 staffing response is rare. To present the fundamental data of healthcare staff in response to the surge in COVID-19 cases, we investigated the healthcare workforce response in Daegu, South Korea, which experienced the first largest outbreak of COVID-19 outside of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, this retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data on the scale and characteristics of healthcare workers (HCWs). Additionally, it analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HCWs infected with COVID-19 in six major teaching hospitals (five tertiary and one secondary) in Daegu from January 19 to April 30, 2020. RESULTS During this study period, only 1.3% (n = 611) of the total hospitalized patients (n = 48,807) were COVID-19 inpatients, but they occupied 6.0% (n = 303) of the total hospital beds (n = 5,056), and 23.7% (n = 3,471) of all HCWs (n = 14,651) worked in response to COVID-19. HCWs participating in COVID-19-related works comprised 50.6% (n = 1,203) of doctors (n = 2,379), 26.3% (n = 1,571) of nurses (n = 5,982), and 11.4% (n = 697) of other HCWs (n = 6,108). Only 0.3% (n = 51) of HCWs (n = 14,651) developed COVID-19 infections from community-acquired (66.7%) or hospital-acquired (29.4%). Nurses were affected predominantly (33.3%), followed by doctors (9.8%), caregivers (7.8%), radiographers (5.9%), and others (45.1%), including nurse aides and administrative, facility maintenance, telephone appointment centers, and convenience store staff. All HCWs infected with COVID-19 recovered completely. The 32.7% (n = 333) of individuals (n = 1,018) exposed to HCWs who had COVID-19 were quarantined, and only one case of secondary transmission among them occurred. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated significant staffing and facility usage, which is disproportionate to the relatively low number of COVID-19 inpatients, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare resources. Therefore, beyond the current reimbursement level of the Korean National Health Insurance, a new type of rewarding system is needed to prepare hospitals for the emerging outbreaks of infectious diseases. Keeping HCWs safe from COVID-19 is crucial for maintaining the healthcare workforce during a sudden massive outbreak. Further studies are needed to determine the standards of required HCWs through detailed research on the working hours and intensity of HCWs responding to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye In Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoon Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun ah Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Miri Hyun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Veterans Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Kim DH, Kim D, Moon JW, Chae SW, Rhyu IJ. Complications of Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Safe Procedures for COVID-19 Testing Based on Anatomical Knowledge. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e88. [PMID: 35315599 PMCID: PMC8938608 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal swabs have been widely to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 testing is a generally safe and well-tolerated procedure, but numerous complications have been reported in the media. Therefore, the present study aimed to review and document adverse events and suggest procedural references to minimize preventable but often underestimated risks. A total of 27 articles were selected for the review of 842 related documents in PubMed, Embase, and KoreaMed. The complications related to nasopharyngeal COVID-19 testing were reported to be rarely happened, ranging from 0.0012 to 0.026%. Frequently documented adverse events were retained swabs, epistaxis, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, often associated with high-risk factors, including severe septal deviations, pre-existing skull base defects, and previous sinus or transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Appropriate techniques based on sufficient anatomical knowledge are mandatory for clinicians to perform nasopharyngeal COVID-19 testing. The nasal floor can be predicted by the line between the nostril and external ear canal. For safe testing, the angle of swab insertion in the nasal passage should remain within 30° of the nasal floor. The swab was gently inserted along the nasal septum just above the nasal floor to the nasopharynx and remained on the nasopharynx for several seconds before removal. Forceful insertion should be attempted, and alternative examinations should be considered, especially in vulnerable patients. In conclusion, patients and clinicians should be aware of rare but possible complications and associated high-risk factors. The suggested procedural pearls enable more comfortable and safe nasopharyngeal COVID-19 testing for both clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Won Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Kim H, Hong J, Cho IK, Lee D, Cho E, Jun JY, Ahmed O, Chung S. Psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 scale among frontline nursing professionals working in the COVID-19 inpatients ward. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:934202. [PMID: 35935440 PMCID: PMC9353028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.934202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale among nursing professionals working in a COVID-19 inpatient ward. An anonymous, online survey was conducted among working frontline nursing professionals between April 7 and 18, 2022. We collected information about the participants' age, sex, years of employment, shift work, and marital status. In addition, the participants were asked whether they had dealt with infected patients recently, and whether they had been quarantined, infected, or vaccinated. SAVE-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate symptoms. We used the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to determine the validity of the two-factor model of the SAVE-9 scale. We also tested reliability and convergent validity using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. A total of 136 responses was analyzed, and CFA for two-factors model of the SAVE-9 scale showed a good model fit among frontline nursing professionals (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.040, RMSEA = 0.000, RSMR = 0.060). Multi-group CFAs revealed that the SAVE-9 scale can measure work-related stress and viral anxiety in the same way across sex, having depression, or having generalized anxiety. The internal consistency was shown to be good, and the SAVE-9 scale was significantly correlated with the GAD-7 (r = 0.328, p < 0.001) and PHQ-9 score (r = 0.361, p < 0.001). The two-factor model of the SAVE-9 is a valid and reliable scale for frontline nursing professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Hong
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eulah Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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