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Yang T, Zhao F, Zhou L, Liu J, Xu L, Dou Q, Xu Z, Jia R. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in tissue-engineered bladders. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211001545. [PMID: 33868627 PMCID: PMC8020766 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic tool for tissue engineering. However, many studies have recently shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated by paracrine signaling and their secretory factors rather than their multidirectional differentiation ability. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned medium of MSCs are considered the main intercellular communication medium between MSCs and their target cells. Exosomes have been utilized in a novel cell-free therapy strategy that has attracted much attention. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new cell-free tissue-engineered bladder (bladder acellular matrix combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (AMEs)) in vivo and in vitro to prove that AMEs promoted tissue regeneration and functional recovery in a rat bladder replacement model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanliang Dou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Becker C, Olde Damink L, Laeufer T, Brehmer B, Heschel I, Jakse G. “UroMaix” Scaffolds: Novel Collagen Matrices for Application in Tissue Engineering of the Urinary Tract. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:764-71. [PMID: 16969754 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of bladder and ureter tissue is indicated in cases of injury, stenosis, infection or tumor. Substitution by ileum, colon or pure synthetic polymers generates a variety of complications. Biohybrid tissue mimicking structural and functional attributes of the multilayered wall architecture of the urinary conduit may be the solution to current problems. This study reports on porcine urinary tract cells isolated and placed on UroMaix matrices with different degrees of cross-linking produced from highly purified type I collagen from medically approved porcine tissue. A patented procedure revealed membrane structures composed of a dense fibrous side and an open fibrous side. These scaffolds with the porcine urinary tract cells were incubated in a batch culture system for up to 14 days. Cell growth and topographical orientation were examined. Urothelial cells showed maximum attachment and a significant increase of living cells on the dense fiber layer of UroMaix-1. No attachment of urothelial cells occurred on the other prototypes. Smooth muscle cells showed similar behavior within the open fiber layer of all UroMaix matrices. Both urothelial and smooth muscle cells retained their phenotypes as demonstrated by the immunostaining of epithelial cytokeratin 18 and the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain respectively. Thus we could show that UroMaix scaffolds support the attachment and proliferation of urinary tract cells. The elastomeric properties of the collagenous matrices promise attractive applications in the tissue engineering of the urinary tract with its high mechanical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Chan YY, Sandlin SK, Kurzrock EA, Osborn SL. The Current Use of Stem Cells in Bladder Tissue Regeneration and Bioengineering. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5010004. [PMID: 28536347 PMCID: PMC5423492 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathological processes including neurogenic bladder and malignancy necessitate bladder reconstruction, which is currently performed using intestinal tissue. The use of intestinal tissue, however, subjects patients to metabolic abnormalities, bladder stones, and other long-term sequelae, raising the need for a source of safe and reliable bladder tissue. Advancements in stem cell biology have catapulted stem cells to the center of many current tissue regeneration and bioengineering strategies. This review presents the recent advancements in the use of stem cells in bladder tissue bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Y Chan
- Department of Urology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Samantha K Sandlin
- Department of Urology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Eric A Kurzrock
- Department of Urology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Osborn
- Department of Urology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Uchida N, Sivaraman S, Amoroso NJ, Wagner WR, Nishiguchi A, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Nagatomi J. Nanometer-sized extracellular matrix coating on polymer-based scaffold for tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:94-103. [PMID: 26194176 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification can play a crucial role in enhancing cell adhesion to synthetic polymer-based scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. Here, we report a novel approach for layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication of nanometer-size fibronectin and gelatin (FN-G) layers on electrospun fibrous poly(carbonate urethane)urea (PCUU) scaffolds. Alternate immersions into the solutions of fibronectin and gelatin provided thickness-controlled FN-G nano-layers (PCUU(FN-G) ) which maintained the scaffold's 3D structure and width of fibrous bundle of PCUU as evidenced by scanning electron miscroscopy. The PCUU(FN-G) scaffold improved cell adhesion and proliferation of bladder smooth muscles (BSMCs) when compared to uncoated PCUU. The high affinity of PCUU(FN-G) for cells was further demonstrated by migration of adherent BSMCs from culture plates to the scaffold. Moreover, the culture of UROtsa cells, human urothelium-derived cell line, on PCUU(FN-G) resulted in an 11-15 μm thick multilayered cell structure with cell-to-cell contacts although many UROtsa cells died without forming cell connections on PCUU. Together these results indicate that this approach will aid in advancing the technology for engineering bladder tissues in vitro. Because FN-G nano-layers formation is based on nonspecific physical adsorption of fibronectin onto polymer and its subsequent interactions with gelatin, this technique may be applicable to other polymer-based scaffold systems for various tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Srikanth Sivaraman
- Department of Bioengineering, 301 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0905
| | - Nicholas J Amoroso
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Akihiro Nishiguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-Oka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-Oka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-Oka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiro Nagatomi
- Department of Bioengineering, 301 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0905
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Naji M, Rasouli J, Shakhssalim N, Dehghan MM, Soleimani M. Supportive features of a new hybrid scaffold for urothelium engineering. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:438-45. [PMID: 25995764 PMCID: PMC4424262 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different clinical conditions can compromise the urinary bladder function and structure. Routine regenerative practices in urology for bladder augmentation have been associated with diverse side effects. The internal lining of the bladder, the urothelium, plays an integral role in normal bladder function. Tissue engineering has provided novel therapeutic strategies through scaffolding and cell transplantation. Nano-scale surface features of scaffolds are valuable parameters for enhancement of cell behavior and function. MATERIAL AND METHODS We fabricated a new hybrid scaffold of poly ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) and poly-L-lactide acid (PLLA) using an electrospinning system to exploit each polymer's advantages at nano-scale in the same scaffold. Dog urothelial cells were isolated, characterized by immunocytochemistry, and expanded for loading on the scaffold. Cell viability and proliferation on the scaffold surface were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, cytoarchitecture, distribution and detailed morphology of cells, and expression of cell specific markers were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H + E) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS According to MTT results, the scaffold did not exert any cytotoxic effect, and also supported cell proliferation and viability for 14 days of culture, which led to a significant increase in the number of cells. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed evenly distributed and normal appearing colonies of urothelial cells. A well-defined layer of cells was observed using H + E staining, which preserved their markers (pan-cytokeratin and uroplakin III) while growing on the scaffold. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed favorable properties of PCL/PLLA regarding biocompatibility and applicability for upcoming new methods of bladder augmentation and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naji
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Shakhssalim
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Tarbiat Modares University, School of Medical Science, Hematology Department and Stem Cell Technology Research Center, UNRC, Tehran, Iran
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Jin G, Yang GH, Kim G. Tissue engineering bioreactor systems for applying physical and electrical stimulations to cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:935-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GyuHyun Jin
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
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Sartoneva R, Haaparanta AM, Lahdes-Vasama T, Mannerström B, Kellomäki M, Salomäki M, Sándor G, Seppänen R, Miettinen S, Haimi S. Characterizing and optimizing poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone membranes for urothelial tissue engineering. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3444-54. [PMID: 22896571 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different synthetic biomaterials such as polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone and poly-l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLCL) have been studied for urothelial tissue engineering, with favourable results. The aim of this research was to further optimize the growth surface for human urothelial cells (hUCs) by comparing different PLCL-based membranes: smooth (s) and textured (t) PLCL and knitted PLA mesh with compression-moulded PLCL (cPLCL). The effects of topographical texturing on urothelial cell response and mechanical properties under hydrolysis were studied. The main finding was that both sPLCL and tPLCL supported hUC growth significantly better than cPLCL. Interestingly, tPLCL gave no significant advantage to hUC attachment or proliferation compared with sPLCL. However, during the 14 day assessment period, the majority of cells were viable and maintained phenotype on all the membranes studied. The material characterization exhibited potential mechanical characteristics of sPLCL and tPLCL for urothelial applications. Furthermore, the highest elongation of tPLCL supports the use of this kind of texturing. In conclusion, in light of our cell culture results and mechanical characterization, both sPLCL and tPLCL should be further studied for urothelial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Sartoneva
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Sartoneva R, Haimi S, Miettinen S, Mannerström B, Haaparanta AM, Sándor GK, Kellomäki M, Suuronen R, Lahdes-Vasama T. Comparison of a poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone and human amniotic membrane for urothelium tissue engineering applications. J R Soc Interface 2010; 8:671-7. [PMID: 21106575 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstructive surgery of urothelial defects, such as severe hypospadias is susceptible to complications. The major problem is the lack of suitable grafting materials. Therefore, finding alternative treatments such as reconstruction of urethra using tissue engineering is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of naturally derived acellular human amniotic membrane (hAM) to synthetic poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLCL) on human urothelial cell (hUC) viability, proliferation and urothelial differentiation level. The viability of cells was evaluated using live/dead staining and the proliferation was studied using WST-1 measurement. Cytokeratin (CK)7/8 and CK19 were used to confirm that the hUCs maintained their phenotype on different biomaterials. On the PLCL, the cell number significantly increased during the culturing period, in contrast to the hAM, where hUC proliferation was the weakest at 7 and 14 days. In addition, the majority of cells were viable and maintained their phenotype when cultured on PLCL and cell culture plastic, whereas on the hAM, the viability of hUCs decreased with time and the cells did not maintain their phenotype. The PLCL membranes supported the hUC proliferation significantly more than the hAM. These results revealed the significant potential of PLCL membranes in urothelial tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Sartoneva
- Regea-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Lokmic Z, Stillaert F, Morrison WA, Thompson EW, Mitchell GM. An arteriovenous loop in a protected space generates a permanent, highly vascular, tissue‐engineered construct. FASEB J 2006; 21:511-22. [PMID: 17172640 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6614com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to 3-dimensional tissue engineering is incorporation of a functional vascular supply to support the expanding new tissue. This is overcome in an in vivo intrinsic vascularization model where an arteriovenous loop (AVL) is placed in a noncollapsible space protected by a polycarbonate chamber. Vascular development and hypoxia were examined from 3 days to 112 days by vascular casting, morphometric, and morphological techniques to understand the model's vascular growth and remodeling parameters for tissue engineering purposes. At 3 days a fibrin exudate surrounded the AVL, providing a scaffold to migrating inflammatory, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells. Capillaries formed between 3 and 7 days. Hypoxia and cell proliferation were maximal at 7 days, followed by a peak in percent vascular volume at 10 days (23.20+/-3.14% compared with 3.59+/-2.68% at 3 days, P<0.001). Maximal apoptosis was observed at 112 days. The protected space and spontaneous microcirculatory development in this model suggest it would be applicable for in vivo tissue engineering. A temporal window in a period of intense angiogenesis at 7 to 10 days is optimal for exogenous cell seeding and survival in the chamber, potentially enabling specific tissue outcomes to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Lokmic
- Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery and University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is being heralded in a similar way as gene therapy was some 15 yr ago. It is an area of intense excitement and potential, as well as myth and disinformation. However, with the increasing rate of end-stage renal failure and limited alternatives for its treatment, we must begin to investigate seriously potential regenerative approaches for the kidney. This review defines which regenerative options there might be for renal disease, summarizes the progress that has been made to date, and investigates some of the unique obstacles to such treatments that the kidney presents. The options discussed include in situ organ repair via bone marrow recruitment or dedifferentiation; ex vivo stem cell therapies, including both autologous and nonautologous options; and bioengineering approaches for the creation of a replacement organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
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Pörtner R, Nagel-Heyer S, Goepfert C, Adamietz P, Meenen NM. Bioreactor design for tissue engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 100:235-45. [PMID: 16243271 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.100.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactor systems play an important role in tissue engineering, as they enable reproducible and controlled changes in specific environmental factors. They can provide technical means to perform controlled studies aimed at understanding specific biological, chemical or physical effects. Furthermore, bioreactors allow for a safe and reproducible production of tissue constructs. For later clinical applications, the bioreactor system should be an advantageous method in terms of low contamination risk, ease of handling and scalability. To date the goals and expectations of bioreactor development have been fulfilled only to some extent, as bioreactor design in tissue engineering is very complex and still at an early stage of development. In this review we summarize important aspects for bioreactor design and provide an overview on existing concepts. The generation of three dimensional cartilage-carrier constructs is described to demonstrate how the properties of engineered tissues can be improved significantly by combining biological and engineering knowledge. In the future, a very intimate collaboration between engineers and biologists will lead to an increased fundamental understanding of complex issues that can have an impact on tissue formation in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Pörtner
- Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Bioprozess- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Denickestr. 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany.
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De Angeli S, Del Pup L, Gia O, Via LD, Magno SM, Fandella A, Maccatrozzo L, Merlo F, Anselmo G. Endocavitary Therapy of Superficial Cancer Bladder: Evaluation of Photobiological Activity of Psoralen Derivatives on in Vitro Reconstituted Bladder Mucosa. Urologia 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030407100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of high selectivity drugs for urothelial neoplasia is one of the goals in endocavitary therapy of superficial cancer bladder improvement. Photochemotherapy could cover an important role, because it enables to selectively treat the neoplastic lesions thanks to compounds sensitised by light sources specifically addressed. Aims of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity on normal and neoplastic urothelium of a psoralen derivative, 4-Methyl-11-dimethilaminopropoxy-benzopsoralen (G50-E), against 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) reference drug. Both of them are photosensitied by UVA radiations (photochemotherapy PUVA). An experimental model, which reproduces, even if in a simplified manner, the human bladder mucosa and submucosa organization, was in this study adopted. Firstly, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of these psoralen derivatives on neoplastic and normal origin human urothelial cell lines. For this we determined the relative IC50 by means of cytotoxic test on cellular monolayer with Trypan Blue. In a second phase of this study, we took advantage from reconstitution technique of bladder mucosa proposed by Fujiyama and previously optimized by our group to evaluate on a three-dimensional model the IC50 effects due to both considered compound. Pharmacologically treated neo-bladder and the control ones were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The meaningful result appeared in cellular monolayer experimentation was the selectivity exhibited by both tested compounds (particularly G50-E) against the neoplastic origin urothelial cells. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy investigation, carried on neo-bladder, confirmed the G50-E cytotoxic effect. Therefore, these results suggested the benefit of PUVA therapy for superficial bladder cancer. But, we have to remind that the microscopic observations are just a initial approach and further researches are necessary to quantify the functional and sub-microscopic damage on three-dimensional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. De Angeli
- Laboratorio di Colture Cellulari del Centro Immuno-Trasfusionale, Ospedale Civile, Treviso, ULSS 9
| | - L. Del Pup
- Laboratorio di Colture Cellulari del Centro Immuno-Trasfusionale, Ospedale Civile, Treviso, ULSS 9
| | - O. Gia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi, Padova
| | - L. Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi, Padova
| | - S. Marciani Magno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi, Padova
| | - A Fandella
- Divisione di Urologia, Ospedale Civile, Treviso, ULSS 9
| | | | - F. Merlo
- Divisione di Urologia, Ospedale Civile, Treviso, ULSS 9
| | - G. Anselmo
- Divisione di Urologia, Ospedale Civile, Treviso, ULSS 9
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Thapa A, Webster TJ, Haberstroh KM. Polymers with nano‐dimensional surface features enhance bladder smooth muscle cell adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 67:1374-83. [PMID: 14624525 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the design of synthetic bladder wall substitutes have involved polymers with micro dimensional structures. Since the body is made up of nano-structured components (e.g., extracellular matrix proteins), the focus of the present in vitro study was to design nano-structured polymers for use as synthetic bladder constructs that mimic the topography of natural bladder tissue. In order to complete this task, novel nano-structured biodegradable polymeric films of poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA), poly-ether-urethane (PU), and poly-caprolactone (PCL) were fabricated and separately treated with various concentrations of NaOH (for PLGA and PCL) and HNO(3) (for PU) for select time periods. These treatments reduced the polymer surface feature dimensions from conventional micron dimensions to biologically inspired nanometer dimensions. Select cytocompatibility properties of these biomaterials were tested in vitro. Results provide the first evidence that adhesion of bladder smooth muscle cells is enhanced as polymer surface feature dimensions are reduced into the nanometer range. In addition, surface analysis results reveal that the polymer nanometer surface roughness is the primary design parameter that increases bladder smooth muscle cell adhesion. For this reason, the "next generation" of tissue-engineered bladder constructs with increased efficacy should contain surfaces with nanometer (as opposed to micron) surface features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Thapa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, Potter Bldg, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1296, USA
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