1
|
Hanley TC, Grabowski JH, Schneider EG, Barrett PD, Puishys LM, Spadafore R, McManus G, Helt WSK, Kinney H, Conor McManus M, Randall Hughes A. Host genetic identity determines parasite community structure across time and space in oyster restoration. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222560. [PMID: 36987644 PMCID: PMC10050946 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in host susceptibility to individual parasite species is common, yet how these effects scale to mediate the structure of diverse parasite communities in nature is less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we tested how host genetic identity affects parasite communities on restored reefs seeded with juvenile oysters from different sources-a regional commercial hatchery or one of two wild progenitor lines. We assessed prevalence and intensity of three micro- and two macroparasite species for 4 years following restoration. Despite the spatial proximity of restored reefs, oyster source identity strongly predicted parasite community prevalence across all years, with sources varying in their relative susceptibility to different parasites. Oyster seed source also predicted reef-level parasite intensities across space and through time. Our results highlight that host intraspecific variation can shape parasite community structure in natural systems, and reinforce the importance of considering source identity and diversity in restoration design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
- Massachusetts Bays National Estuary Partnership, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Eric G. Schneider
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - Patrick D. Barrett
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - Lauren M. Puishys
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Rachele Spadafore
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Gwendolyn McManus
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | | | - Heather Kinney
- The Nature Conservancy, Rhode Island Chapter, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - M. Conor McManus
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabanellas-Reboredo M, Vázquez-Luis M, Mourre B, Álvarez E, Deudero S, Amores Á, Addis P, Ballesteros E, Barrajón A, Coppa S, García-March JR, Giacobbe S, Casalduero FG, Hadjioannou L, Jiménez-Gutiérrez SV, Katsanevakis S, Kersting D, Mačić V, Mavrič B, Patti FP, Planes S, Prado P, Sánchez J, Tena-Medialdea J, de Vaugelas J, Vicente N, Belkhamssa FZ, Zupan I, Hendriks IE. Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13355. [PMID: 31527825 PMCID: PMC6746856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass mortality event is devastating the populations of the endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Mediterranean Sea from early autumn 2016. A newly described Haplosporidian endoparasite (Haplosporidium pinnae) is the most probable cause of this ecological catastrophe placing one of the largest bivalves of the world on the brink of extinction. As a pivotal step towards Pinna nobilis conservation, this contribution combines scientists and citizens' data to address the fast- and vast-dispersion and prevalence outbreaks of the pathogen. Therefore, the potential role of currents on parasite expansion was addressed by means of drift simulations of virtual particles in a high-resolution regional currents model. A generalized additive model was implemented to test if environmental factors could modulate the infection of Pinna nobilis populations. The results strongly suggest that the parasite has probably dispersed regionally by surface currents, and that the disease expression seems to be closely related to temperatures above 13.5 °C and to a salinity range between 36.5-39.7 psu. The most likely spread of the disease along the Mediterranean basin associated with scattered survival spots and very few survivors (potentially resistant individuals), point to a challenging scenario for conservation of the emblematic Pinna nobilis, which will require fast and strategic management measures and should make use of the essential role citizen science projects can play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo
- Oceanography and Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maite Vázquez-Luis
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Baptiste Mourre
- Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Amores
- Oceanography and Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Piero Addis
- University of Cagliari, Department of Environmental and Life Science, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Agustín Barrajón
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
| | - Stefania Coppa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR - IAS), Oristano, Italy
| | - José Rafael García-March
- IMEDMAR-UCV, Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research, Universidad Católica de Valencia SVM, Calpe, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvatore Giacobbe
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Louis Hadjioannou
- Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre, Acropoleos 2, 2101, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Diego Kersting
- Working Group on Geobiology and Anthropocene Research, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vesna Mačić
- Institute of marine biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - Borut Mavrič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Francesco Paolo Patti
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Patricia Prado
- IRTA-Marine and Continental Waters. Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sánchez
- SUBMON: Divulgació, Estudi i Conservació de l'Entorn Natural, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Tena-Medialdea
- IMEDMAR-UCV, Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research, Universidad Católica de Valencia SVM, Calpe, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jean de Vaugelas
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Nardo Vicente
- IMBE (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale), Aix-Marseille Univ., Avignon Univ., CNRS, IRD; and Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Ile des Embiez, 83140-Six Fours les Plages, France, Ile des Embiez, France
| | - Fatima Zohra Belkhamssa
- Laboratory of Protection, Valorisation and Management of Marine and Littoral Resources & Molecular Systematics, Department of Marine Sciences and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, PO Box 300, Algeria
| | - Ivan Zupan
- University of Zadar, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Iris E Hendriks
- Oceanography and Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hughes AR, Hanley TC, Byers JE, Grabowski JH, Malek JC, Piehler MF, Kimbro DL. Genetic by environmental variation but no local adaptation in oysters ( Crassostrea virginica). Ecol Evol 2016; 7:697-709. [PMID: 28116064 PMCID: PMC5243187 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait variation within and across populations can strongly influence population, community, and ecosystem processes, but the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental factors to this variation are often not clear, potentially complicating conservation and restoration efforts. For example, local adaptation, a particular type of genetic by environmental (G*E) interaction in which the fitness of a population in its own habitat is greater than in other habitats, is often invoked in management practices, even in the absence of supporting evidence. Despite increasing attention to the potential for G*E interactions, few studies have tested multiple populations and environments simultaneously, limiting our understanding of the spatial consistency in patterns of adaptive genetic variation. In addition, few studies explicitly differentiate adaptation in response to predation from other biological and environmental factors. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment of first‐generation eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) juveniles from six populations across three field sites spanning 1000 km in the southeastern Atlantic Bight in both the presence and absence of predation to test for G*E variation in this economically valuable and ecologically important species. We documented significant G*E variation in survival and growth, yet there was no evidence for local adaptation. Condition varied across oyster cohorts: Offspring of northern populations had better condition than offspring from the center of our region. Oyster populations in the southeastern Atlantic Bight differ in juvenile survival, growth, and condition, yet offspring from local broodstock do not have higher survival or growth than those from farther away. In the absence of population‐specific performance information, oyster restoration and aquaculture may benefit from incorporating multiple populations into their practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | | | - Michael F Piehler
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
| | - David L Kimbro
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilbur AE, Ford SE, Gauthier JD, Gomez-Chiarri M. Quantitative PCR assay to determine prevalence and intensity of MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) in North Carolina and Rhode Island oysters Crassostrea virginica. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2012; 102:107-118. [PMID: 23269385 DOI: 10.3354/dao02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The continuing challenges to the management of both wild and cultured eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica populations resulting from protozoan parasites has stimulated interest in the development of molecular assays for their detection and quantification. For Haplosporidium nelsoni, the causative agent of multinucleated sphere unknown (MSX) disease, diagnostic evaluations depend extensively on traditional but laborious histological approaches and more recently on rapid and sensitive (but not quantitative) end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Here, we describe the development and application of a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for H. nelsoni using an Applied Biosystems TaqMan® assay designed with minor groove binder (MGB) probes. The assay was highly sensitive, detecting as few as 20 copies of cloned target DNA. Histologically evaluated parasite density was significantly correlated with the quantification cycle (Cq), regardless of whether quantification was categorical (r2 = 0.696, p < 0.0001) or quantitative (r2 = 0.797, p < 0.0001). Application in field studies conducted in North Carolina, USA (7 locations), revealed widespread occurrence of the parasite with moderate to high intensities noted in some locations. In Rhode Island, USA, application of the assay on oysters from 2 locations resulted in no positives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami E Wilbur
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ford SE, Paterno J, Scarpa E, Stokes NA, Kim Y, Powell EN, Bushek D. Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 93:251-256. [PMID: 21516978 DOI: 10.3354/dao02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The advent of molecular detection assays has provided a set of very sensitive tools for the detection of pathogens in marine organisms, but it has also raised problems of how to interpret positive signals that are not accompanied by visual confirmation. PCR-positive results have recently been reported for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea virginica in 31 of 40 oysters from 6 sites in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Histological confirmation of the PCR results was not undertaken, and no haplosporidian has been reported from the numerous histological studies and surveys of oysters in the region. To further investigate the possibility that H. nelsoni is present in this region, we sampled 210 oysters from 40 sites around the Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico using PCR and 180 of these using tissue-section histology also. None of the oysters showed evidence of H. nelsoni by PCR or of any haplosporidian by histology. We cannot, therefore, confirm that H. nelsoni is present and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Our results do not prove that H. nelsoni is absent from the region, but taken together with results from previous histological surveys, they suggest that for the purposes of controlling oyster importation, the region should continue to be considered free of the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Ford
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, New Jersey 08349, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Observations raise the question if the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, can act as either a carrier or a reservoir for Bonamia ostreae or Bonamia exitiosa. Parasitology 2010; 137:1515-26. [PMID: 20388237 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to act as a carrier or reservoir of the protistan Bonamia ostreae. Studies were carried out independently in Ireland and in Spain. Naïve C. gigas were exposed to B. ostreae both in the field and in the laboratory via natural exposure or experimental injection. Naïve flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, were placed in tanks with previously exposed C. gigas. Oysters were screened for B. ostreae by examination of ventricular heart smears and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of tissue samples (gill and/or heart) and shell cavity fluid. PCR-positive oysters were further screened using histology and in situ hybridization (ISH). B. ostreae DNA was detected in the tissues and/or shell cavity fluid of a small number of C. gigas in the field and in the laboratory. B. ostreae-like cells were visualized in the haemocytes of 1 C. gigas and B. ostreae-like cells were observed extracellularly in the connective tissues of 1 other C. gigas. When C. gigas naturally exposed to B. ostreae were held with naïve O. edulis, B. ostreae DNA was detected in O. edulis; however, B. ostreae cells were not visualized. In Spain, B. exitiosa DNA was also detected in Pacific oyster tissues. The results of this study have important implications for C. gigas transfers from B. ostreae-endemic areas to uninfected areas and highlight B. ostreae and B. exitiosa's ability to survive extracellularly and in other non-typical hosts.
Collapse
|