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Hanley TC, Grabowski JH, Schneider EG, Barrett PD, Puishys LM, Spadafore R, McManus G, Helt WSK, Kinney H, Conor McManus M, Randall Hughes A. Host genetic identity determines parasite community structure across time and space in oyster restoration. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222560. [PMID: 36987644 PMCID: PMC10050946 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in host susceptibility to individual parasite species is common, yet how these effects scale to mediate the structure of diverse parasite communities in nature is less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we tested how host genetic identity affects parasite communities on restored reefs seeded with juvenile oysters from different sources-a regional commercial hatchery or one of two wild progenitor lines. We assessed prevalence and intensity of three micro- and two macroparasite species for 4 years following restoration. Despite the spatial proximity of restored reefs, oyster source identity strongly predicted parasite community prevalence across all years, with sources varying in their relative susceptibility to different parasites. Oyster seed source also predicted reef-level parasite intensities across space and through time. Our results highlight that host intraspecific variation can shape parasite community structure in natural systems, and reinforce the importance of considering source identity and diversity in restoration design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
- Massachusetts Bays National Estuary Partnership, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Eric G. Schneider
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - Patrick D. Barrett
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - Lauren M. Puishys
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Rachele Spadafore
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Gwendolyn McManus
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | | | - Heather Kinney
- The Nature Conservancy, Rhode Island Chapter, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - M. Conor McManus
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
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Mounger JM, van Riemsdijk I, Boquete MT, Wagemaker CAM, Fatma S, Robertson MH, Voors SA, Oberstaller J, Gawehns F, Hanley TC, Grosse I, Verhoeven KJF, Sotka EE, Gehring CA, Hughes AR, Lewis DB, Schmid MW, Richards CL. Genetic and Epigenetic Differentiation Across Intertidal Gradients in the Foundation Plant Spartina alterniflora. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.868826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological genomics approaches have informed us about the structure of genetic diversity in natural populations that might underlie patterns in trait variation. However, we still know surprisingly little about the mechanisms that permit organisms to adapt to variable environmental conditions. The salt marsh foundation plant Spartina alterniflora exhibits a dramatic range in phenotype that is associated with a pronounced intertidal environmental gradient across a narrow spatial scale. Both genetic and non-genetic molecular mechanisms might underlie this phenotypic variation. To investigate both, we used epigenotyping-by-sequencing (epiGBS) to evaluate the make-up of natural populations across the intertidal environmental gradient. Based on recent findings, we expected that both DNA sequence and DNA methylation diversity would be explained by source population and habitat within populations. However, we predicted that epigenetic variation might be more strongly associated with habitat since similar epigenetic modifications could be rapidly elicited across different genetic backgrounds by similar environmental conditions. Overall, with PERMANOVA we found that population of origin explained a significant amount of the genetic (8.6%) and epigenetic (3.2%) variance. In addition, we found that a small but significant amount of genetic and epigenetic variance (<1%) was explained by habitat within populations. The interaction of population and habitat explained an additional 2.9% of the genetic variance and 1.4% of the epigenetic variance. By examining genetic and epigenetic variation within the same fragments (variation in close-cis), we found that population explained epigenetic variation in 9.2% of 8,960 tested loci, even after accounting for differences in the DNA sequence of the fragment. Habitat alone explained very little (<0.1%) of the variation in these close-cis comparisons, but the interaction of population and habitat explained 2.1% of the epigenetic variation in these loci. Using multiple matrix regression with randomization (MMRR) we found that phenotypic differences in natural populations were correlated with epigenetic and environmental differences even when accounting for genetic differences. Our results support the contention that sequence variation explains most of the variation in DNA methylation, but we have provided evidence that DNA methylation distinctly contributes to plant responses in natural populations.
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Zerebecki RA, Sotka EE, Hanley TC, Bell KL, Gehring C, Nice CC, Richards CL, Hughes AR. Repeated Genetic and Adaptive Phenotypic Divergence across Tidal Elevation in a Foundation Plant Species. Am Nat 2021; 198:E152-E169. [DOI: 10.1086/716512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A. Zerebecki
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528
| | - Erik E. Sotka
- Department of Biology and Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, South Carolina 29412
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
| | - Katherine L. Bell
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Science and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
| | - Chris C. Nice
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666
| | - Christina L. Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33617; and Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
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Hays CG, Hanley TC, Hughes AR, Truskey SB, Zerebecki RA, Sotka EE. Local Adaptation in Marine Foundation Species at Microgeographic Scales. Biol Bull 2021; 241:16-29. [PMID: 34436968 DOI: 10.1086/714821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNearshore foundation species in coastal and estuarine systems (e.g., salt marsh grasses, mangroves, seagrasses, corals) drive the ecological functions of ecosystems and entire biomes by creating physical structure that alters local abiotic conditions and influences species interactions and composition. The resilience of foundation species and the ecosystem functions they provide depends on their phenotypic and genetic responses to spatial and temporal shifts in environmental conditions. In this review, we explore what is known about the causes and consequences of adaptive genetic differentiation in marine foundation species over spatial scales shorter than dispersal capabilities (i.e., microgeographic scales). We describe the strength of coupling field and laboratory experiments with population genetic techniques to illuminate patterns of local adaptation, and we illustrate this approach by using several foundation species. Among the major themes that emerge from our review include (1) adaptive differentiation of marine foundation species repeatedly evolves along vertical (i.e., elevation or depth) gradients, and (2) mating system and phenology may facilitate this differentiation. Microgeographic adaptation is an understudied mechanism potentially underpinning the resilience of many sessile marine species, and this evolutionary mechanism likely has particularly important consequences for the ecosystem functions provided by foundation species.
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Davies SW, Putnam HM, Ainsworth T, Baum JK, Bove CB, Crosby SC, Côté IM, Duplouy A, Fulweiler RW, Griffin AJ, Hanley TC, Hill T, Humanes A, Mangubhai S, Metaxas A, Parker LM, Rivera HE, Silbiger NJ, Smith NS, Spalding AK, Traylor-Knowles N, Weigel BL, Wright RM, Bates AE. Promoting inclusive metrics of success and impact to dismantle a discriminatory reward system in science. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001282. [PMID: 34129646 PMCID: PMC8205123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Success and impact metrics in science are based on a system that perpetuates sexist and racist “rewards” by prioritizing citations and impact factors. These metrics are flawed and biased against already marginalized groups and fail to accurately capture the breadth of individuals’ meaningful scientific impacts. We advocate shifting this outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. We outline pathways for a paradigm shift in scientific values based on multidimensional mentorship and promoting mentee well-being. These actions will require collective efforts supported by academic leaders and administrators to drive essential systemic change. This Essay argues that success and impact metrics in science are based on a system that perpetuates sexist and racist ‘rewards’ by prioritizing citations and impact factors; the authors advocate shifting this outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
| | - Tracy Ainsworth
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen B. Bove
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Crosby
- Harbor Watch, Earthplace, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Duplouy
- The University of Helsinki, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robinson W. Fulweiler
- Department of Earth and Environment & Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Griffin
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tessa Hill
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Metaxas
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laura M. Parker
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hanny E. Rivera
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nyssa J. Silbiger
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Nicola S. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana K. Spalding
- School of Public Policy, College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brooke L. Weigel
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, New Foundland, Canada
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
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6
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Fulweiler RW, Davies SW, Biddle JF, Burgin AJ, Cooperdock EHG, Hanley TC, Kenkel CD, Marcarelli AM, Matassa CM, Mayo TL, Santiago-Vàzquez LZ, Traylor-Knowles N, Ziegler M. Rebuild the Academy: Supporting academic mothers during COVID-19 and beyond. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001100. [PMID: 33690708 PMCID: PMC7942998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The issues facing academic mothers have been discussed for decades. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is further exposing these inequalities as womxn scientists who are parenting while also engaging in a combination of academic related duties are falling behind. These inequities can be solved by investing strategically in solutions. Here we describe strategies that would ensure a more equitable academy for working mothers now and in the future. While the data are clear that mothers are being disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, many groups could benefit from these strategies. Rather than rebuilding what we once knew, let us be the architects of a new world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson W. Fulweiler
- Departments of Earth and Environment, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah W. Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer F. Biddle
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Burgin
- Department of Environmental Studies and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Emily H. G. Cooperdock
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carly D. Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amy M. Marcarelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Matassa
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Talea L. Mayo
- Department of Mathematics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lory Z. Santiago-Vàzquez
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Reynolds PL, Stachowicz JJ, Hovel K, Boström C, Boyer K, Cusson M, Eklöf JS, Engel FG, Engelen AH, Eriksson BK, Fodrie FJ, Griffin JN, Hereu CM, Hori M, Hanley TC, Ivanov M, Jorgensen P, Kruschel C, Lee KS, McGlathery K, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, O'Connor MI, O'Connor NE, Orth RJ, Rossi F, Ruesink J, Sotka EE, Thormar J, Tomas F, Unsworth RKF, Whalen MA, Duffy JE. Latitude, temperature, and habitat complexity predict predation pressure in eelgrass beds across the Northern Hemisphere. Ecology 2019; 99:29-35. [PMID: 29083472 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Latitudinal gradients in species interactions are widely cited as potential causes or consequences of global patterns of biodiversity. However, mechanistic studies documenting changes in interactions across broad geographic ranges are limited. We surveyed predation intensity on common prey (live amphipods and gastropods) in communities of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at 48 sites across its Northern Hemisphere range, encompassing over 37° of latitude and four continental coastlines. Predation on amphipods declined with latitude on all coasts but declined more strongly along western ocean margins where temperature gradients are steeper. Whereas in situ water temperature at the time of the experiments was uncorrelated with predation, mean annual temperature strongly positively predicted predation, suggesting a more complex mechanism than simply increased metabolic activity at the time of predation. This large-scale biogeographic pattern was modified by local habitat characteristics; predation declined with higher shoot density both among and within sites. Predation rates on gastropods, by contrast, were uniformly low and varied little among sites. The high replication and geographic extent of our study not only provides additional evidence to support biogeographic variation in predation intensity, but also insight into the mechanisms that relate temperature and biogeographic gradients in species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Reynolds
- Data Science Initiative, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Kevin Hovel
- Department of Biology, Coastal & Marine Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | | | - Katharyn Boyer
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132, USA
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | | | - Friederike G Engel
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Clara M Hereu
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Masakazu Hori
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea (FEIS) Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA) Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Torrance C Hanley
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | | | - Pablo Jorgensen
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.,Geomare, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, 088-1113, Japan
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Robert J Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA
| | - Francesca Rossi
- CNRS, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Erik E Sotka
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
| | | | - Fiona Tomas
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.,Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Illes Balears UIB-CSIC, Spain
| | | | - Matthew A Whalen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA.,Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
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8
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Hughes AR, Hanley TC, Byers JE, Grabowski JH, McCrudden T, Piehler MF, Kimbro DL. Genetic diversity and phenotypic variation within hatchery-produced oyster cohorts predict size and success in the field. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01940. [PMID: 31148283 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry to meet global seafood demand offers both risks and opportunities for resource management and conservation. In particular, hatcheries hold promise for stock enhancement and restoration, yet cultivation practices may lead to enhanced variation between populations at the expense of variation within populations, with uncertain implications for performance and resilience. To date, few studies have assessed how production techniques impact genetic diversity and population structure, as well as resultant trait variation in and performance of cultivated offspring. We collaborated with a commercial hatchery to produce multiple cohorts of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) from field-collected broodstock using standard practices. We recorded key characteristics of the broodstock (male : female ratio, effective population size), quantified the genetic diversity of the resulting cohorts, and tested their trait variation and performance across multiple field sites and experimental conditions. Oyster cohorts produced under the same conditions in a single hatchery varied almost twofold in genetic diversity. In addition, cohort genetic diversity was a significant positive predictor of oyster performance traits, including initial size and survival in the field. Oyster cohorts produced in the hatchery had lower within-cohort genetic variation and higher among-cohort genetic structure than adults surveyed from the same source sites. These findings are consistent with "sweepstakes reproduction" in oysters, even when manually spawned. A readily measured characteristic of broodstock, the ratio of males to females, was positively correlated with within-cohort genetic diversity of the resulting offspring. Thus, this metric may offer a tractable way both to meet short-term production goals for seafood demand and to ensure the capacity of hatchery-produced stock to achieve conservation objectives, such as the recovery of self-sustaining wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908 , USA
| | - Torrance C Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908 , USA
| | - James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan H Grabowski
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908 , USA
| | - Tom McCrudden
- Research Aquaculture, Inc., Tequesta, Florida, 33469, USA
| | - Michael F Piehler
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, USA
| | - David L Kimbro
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908 , USA
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9
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DeLong JP, Hanley TC, Gibert JP, Puth LM, Post DM. Life history traits and functional processes generate multiple pathways to ecological stability. Ecology 2017; 99:5-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. DeLong
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center; Northeastern University; Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Jean P. Gibert
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Linda M. Puth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - David M. Post
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
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10
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Hanley TC, Kimbro DL, Hughes AR. Stress and subsidy effects of seagrass wrack duration, frequency, and magnitude on salt marsh community structure. Ecology 2017; 98:1884-1895. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torrance C. Hanley
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - David L. Kimbro
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Anne Randall Hughes
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
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11
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Hughes AR, Hanley TC, Byers JE, Grabowski JH, Malek JC, Piehler MF, Kimbro DL. Genetic by environmental variation but no local adaptation in oysters ( Crassostrea virginica). Ecol Evol 2016; 7:697-709. [PMID: 28116064 PMCID: PMC5243187 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait variation within and across populations can strongly influence population, community, and ecosystem processes, but the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental factors to this variation are often not clear, potentially complicating conservation and restoration efforts. For example, local adaptation, a particular type of genetic by environmental (G*E) interaction in which the fitness of a population in its own habitat is greater than in other habitats, is often invoked in management practices, even in the absence of supporting evidence. Despite increasing attention to the potential for G*E interactions, few studies have tested multiple populations and environments simultaneously, limiting our understanding of the spatial consistency in patterns of adaptive genetic variation. In addition, few studies explicitly differentiate adaptation in response to predation from other biological and environmental factors. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment of first‐generation eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) juveniles from six populations across three field sites spanning 1000 km in the southeastern Atlantic Bight in both the presence and absence of predation to test for G*E variation in this economically valuable and ecologically important species. We documented significant G*E variation in survival and growth, yet there was no evidence for local adaptation. Condition varied across oyster cohorts: Offspring of northern populations had better condition than offspring from the center of our region. Oyster populations in the southeastern Atlantic Bight differ in juvenile survival, growth, and condition, yet offspring from local broodstock do not have higher survival or growth than those from farther away. In the absence of population‐specific performance information, oyster restoration and aquaculture may benefit from incorporating multiple populations into their practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | | | - Michael F Piehler
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
| | - David L Kimbro
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant MA USA
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12
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Randall Hughes A, Hanley TC, Schenck FR, Hays CG. Genetic diversity of seagrass seeds influences seedling morphology and biomass. Ecology 2016; 97:3538-3546. [PMID: 27912018 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity can influence ecological processes throughout ontogeny, yet whether diversity at early life history stages is important in long-lived taxa with overlapping generations is unclear. Seagrass systems provide some of the best evidence for the ecological effects of genetic diversity among adult shoots, but we do not know if the genetic diversity of seeds and seedlings also influences seagrass ecology. We tested the effects of seagrass (Zostera marina) seed diversity and relatedness on germination success, seedling morphology, and seedling production by comparing experimental assemblages of seeds collected from single reproductive shoots ("monocultures") to assemblages of seeds collected from multiple reproductive shoots ("polycultures"). There was no difference in seedling emergence, yet seedlings from polycultures had larger shoots above and below ground than seedlings from monocultures at the end of the 1-yr experiment. Genetic relatedness of the seedlings predicted some aspects of shoot morphology, with more leaves and longer roots and shoots at intermediate levels of relatedness, regardless of seed diversity. Our results suggest that studies of only adult stages may underestimate the importance of genetic diversity if the benefits at early life history stages continue to accrue throughout the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Randall Hughes
- Marine and Environmental Science, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Torrance C Hanley
- Marine and Environmental Science, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Forest R Schenck
- Marine and Environmental Science, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Cynthia G Hays
- Biology Department, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire, 03431, USA
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Hanley TC, Hughes AR, Williams B, Garland H, Kimbro DL. Effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites. Ecology 2016; 97:1518-29. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1710.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Bethany Williams
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32304 USA
| | - Hanna Garland
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32304 USA
| | - David L. Kimbro
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
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Hughes AR, Schenck FR, Bloomberg J, Hanley TC, Feng D, Gouhier TC, Beighley RE, Kimbro DL. Biogeographic gradients in ecosystem processes of the invasive ecosystem engineer Phragmites australis. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hughes AR, Hanley TC, Orozco NP, Zerebecki RA. Consumer trait variation influences tritrophic interactions in salt marsh communities. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2659-72. [PMID: 26257878 PMCID: PMC4523361 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of intraspecific variation has emerged as a key question in community ecology, helping to bridge the gap between ecology and evolution. Although much of this work has focused on plant species, recent syntheses have highlighted the prevalence and potential importance of morphological, behavioral, and life history variation within animals for ecological and evolutionary processes. Many small-bodied consumers live on the plant that they consume, often resulting in host plant-associated trait variation within and across consumer species. Given the central position of consumer species within tritrophic food webs, such consumer trait variation may play a particularly important role in mediating trophic dynamics, including trophic cascades. In this study, we used a series of field surveys and laboratory experiments to document intraspecific trait variation in a key consumer species, the marsh periwinkle Littoraria irrorata, based on its host plant species (Spartina alterniflora or Juncus roemerianus) in a mixed species assemblage. We then conducted a 12-week mesocosm experiment to examine the effects of Littoraria trait variation on plant community structure and dynamics in a tritrophic salt marsh food web. Littoraria from different host plant species varied across a suite of morphological and behavioral traits. These consumer trait differences interacted with plant community composition and predator presence to affect overall plant stem height, as well as differentially alter the density and biomass of the two key plant species in this system. Whether due to genetic differences or phenotypic plasticity, trait differences between consumer types had significant ecological consequences for the tritrophic marsh food web over seasonal time scales. By altering the cascading effects of the top predator on plant community structure and dynamics, consumer differences may generate a feedback over longer time scales, which in turn influences the degree of trait divergence in subsequent consumer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torrance C Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University Nahant, Massachusetts
| | - Nohelia P Orozco
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University St. Teresa, Florida
| | - Robyn A Zerebecki
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University Nahant, Massachusetts
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DeLong JP, Hanley TC. The rate-size trade-off structures intraspecific variation in Daphnia ambigua life history parameters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81024. [PMID: 24312518 PMCID: PMC3849075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of trade-offs is necessary for understanding the evolution and maintenance of diversity. Here we employ the supply-demand (SD) body size optimization model to predict a trade-off between asymptotic body size and growth rate. We use the SD model to quantitatively predict the slope of the relationship between asymptotic body size and growth rate under high and low food regimes and then test the predictions against observations for Daphnia ambigua. Close quantitative agreement between observed and predicted slopes at both food levels lends support to the model and confirms that a ‘rate-size’ trade-off structures life history variation in this population. In contrast to classic life history expectations, growth and reproduction were positively correlated after controlling for the rate-size trade-off. We included 12 Daphnia clones in our study, but clone identity explained only some of the variation in life history traits. We also tested the hypothesis that growth rate would be positively related to intergenic spacer length (i.e. the growth rate hypothesis) across clones, but we found that clones with intermediate intergenic spacer lengths had larger asymptotic sizes and slower growth rates. Our results strongly support a resource-based optimization of body size following the SD model. Furthermore, because some resource allocation decisions necessarily precede others, understanding interdependent life history traits may require a more nested approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. DeLong
- Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. DeLong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - David A. Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
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18
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DeLong JP, Hanley TC, Vasseur DA. Competition and the density dependence of metabolic rates. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:51-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. DeLong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - David A. Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
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Walsh MR, DeLong JP, Hanley TC, Post DM. A cascade of evolutionary change alters consumer-resource dynamics and ecosystem function. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:3184-92. [PMID: 22628469 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that intraspecific evolutionary divergence influences the properties of populations, communities and ecosystems. The different ecological impacts of phenotypes and genotypes may alter selection on many species and promote a cascade of ecological and evolutionary change throughout the food web. Theory predicts that evolutionary interactions across trophic levels may contribute to hypothesized feedbacks between ecology and evolution. However, the importance of 'cascading evolutionary change' in a natural setting is unknown. In lakes in Connecticut, USA, variation in migratory behaviour and feeding morphology of a fish predator, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), drives life-history evolution in a species of zooplankton prey (Daphnia ambigua). Here we evaluated the reciprocal impacts of Daphnia evolution on ecological processes in laboratory mesocosms. We show that life-history evolution in Daphnia facilitates divergence in rates of population growth, which in turn significantly alters consumer-resource dynamics and ecosystem function. These experimental results parallel trends observed in lakes. Such results argue that a cascade of evolutionary change, which has occurred over contemporary timescales, alters community and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Walsh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Matthews B, Narwani A, Hausch S, Nonaka E, Peter H, Yamamichi M, Sullam KE, Bird KC, Thomas MK, Hanley TC, Turner CB. Toward an integration of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science. Ecol Lett 2011; 14:690-701. [PMID: 21554512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At present, the disciplines of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science are weakly integrated. As a result, we have a poor understanding of how the ecological and evolutionary processes that create, maintain, and change biological diversity affect the flux of energy and materials in global biogeochemical cycles. The goal of this article was to review several research fields at the interfaces between ecosystem science, community ecology and evolutionary biology, and suggest new ways to integrate evolutionary biology and ecosystem science. In particular, we focus on how phenotypic evolution by natural selection can influence ecosystem functions by affecting processes at the environmental, population and community scale of ecosystem organization. We develop an eco-evolutionary model to illustrate linkages between evolutionary change (e.g. phenotypic evolution of producer), ecological interactions (e.g. consumer grazing) and ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient cycling). We conclude by proposing experiments to test the ecosystem consequences of evolutionary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Matthews
- EAWAG, Aquatic Ecology Department, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum 6047, Switzerland.
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Steinfartz S, Glaberman S, Lanterbecq D, Russello MA, Rosa S, Hanley TC, Marquez C, Snell HL, Snell HM, Gentile G, Dell'Olmo G, Powell AM, Caccone A. Progressive colonization and restricted gene flow shape island-dependent population structure in Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:297. [PMID: 20028547 PMCID: PMC2807874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) inhabit the coastlines of large and small islands throughout the Galápagos archipelago, providing a rich system to study the spatial and temporal factors influencing the phylogeographic distribution and population structure of a species. Here, we analyze the microevolution of marine iguanas using the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) as well as 13 microsatellite loci representing more than 1200 individuals from 13 islands. RESULTS CR data show that marine iguanas occupy three general clades: one that is widely distributed across the northern archipelago, and likely spread from east to west by way of the South Equatorial current, a second that is found mostly on the older eastern and central islands, and a third that is limited to the younger northern and western islands. Generally, the CR haplotype distribution pattern supports the colonization of the archipelago from the older, eastern islands to the younger, western islands. However, there are also signatures of recurrent, historical gene flow between islands after population establishment. Bayesian cluster analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicates the existence of twenty distinct genetic clusters generally following a one-cluster-per-island pattern. However, two well-differentiated clusters were found on the easternmost island of San Cristóbal, while nine distinct and highly intermixed clusters were found on youngest, westernmost islands of Isabela and Fernandina. High mtDNA and microsatellite genetic diversity were observed for populations on Isabela and Fernandina that may be the result of a recent population expansion and founder events from multiple sources. CONCLUSIONS While a past genetic study based on pure FST analysis suggested that marine iguana populations display high levels of nuclear (but not mitochondrial) gene flow due to male-biased dispersal, the results of our sex-biased dispersal tests and the finding of strong genetic differentiation between islands do not support this view. Therefore, our study is a nice example of how recently developed analytical tools such as Bayesian clustering analysis and DNA sequence-based demographic analyses can overcome potential biases introduced by simply relying on FST estimates from markers with different inheritance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steinfartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies - Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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