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Timsina J, Dinasarapu A, Kilic-Berkmen G, Budde J, Sung YJ, Klein AM, Cruchaga C, Jinnah HA. Blood-Based Proteomics for Adult-Onset Focal Dystonias. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:110-120. [PMID: 38578115 PMCID: PMC11186717 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The adult-onset focal dystonias are characterized by over-active muscles leading to abnormal movements. For most cases, the etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. In the current study, unbiased proteomics methods were used to identify potential changes in blood plasma proteins. METHODS A large-scale unbiased proteomics screen was used to compare proteins (N = 6,345) in blood plasma of normal healthy controls (N = 49) with adult-onset focal dystonia (N = 143) consisting of specific subpopulations of cervical dystonia (N = 45), laryngeal dystonia (N = 49), and blepharospasm (N = 49). Pathway analyses were conducted to identify relevant biological pathways. Finally, protein changes were used to build a prediction model for dystonia. RESULTS After correction for multiple comparisons, 15 proteins were associated with adult-onset focal dystonia. Subgroup analyses revealed some proteins were shared across the dystonia subgroups while others were unique to 1 subgroup. The top biological pathways involved changes in the immune system, metal ion transport, and reactive oxygen species. A 4-protein model showed high accuracy in discriminating control individuals from dystonia cases [average area under the curve (AUC) = 0.89]. INTERPRETATION These studies provide novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of dystonia, as well as novel potential biomarkers. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:110-120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashok Dinasarapu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Gamze Kilic-Berkmen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam M. Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H. A. Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Valles SL, Singh SK, Campos-Campos J, Colmena C, Campo-Palacio I, Alvarez-Gamez K, Caballero O, Jorda A. Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098434. [PMID: 37176144 PMCID: PMC10179527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) there are a greater number of glial cells than neurons (between five and ten times more). Furthermore, they have a greater number of functions (more than eight functions). Glia comprises different types of cells, those of neural origin (astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendroglia) and differentiated blood monocytes (microglia). During ontogeny, neurons develop earlier (at fetal day 15 in the rat) and astrocytes develop later (at fetal day 21 in the rat), which could indicate their important and crucial role in the CNS. Analysis of the phylogeny reveals that reptiles have a lower number of astrocytes compared to neurons and in humans this is reversed, as there have a greater number of astrocytes compared to neurons. These data perhaps imply that astrocytes are important and special cells, involved in many vital functions, including memory, and learning processes. In addition, astrocytes are involved in different mechanisms that protect the CNS through the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins and they clean the extracellular environment and help neurons to communicate correctly with each other. The production of inflammatory mediators is important to prevent changes in brain homeostasis. On the contrary, excessive, or continued production appears as a characteristic element in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and in neurodevelopmental diseases, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Furthermore, different drugs and techniques have been developed to reverse oxidative stress and/or excess of inflammation that occurs in many CNS diseases, but much remains to be investigated. This review attempts to highlight the functional relevance of astrocytes in normal and neuropathological conditions by showing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their role in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Juan Campos-Campos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Colmena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Campo-Palacio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kenia Alvarez-Gamez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Caballero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Guo C, Yang Q, Xu P, Deng M, Jiang T, Cai L, Li J, Sai K, Xi S, Ouyang H, Liu M, Li X, Li Z, Ni X, Cao X, Li C, Wu S, Du X, Su J, Xue X, Wang Y, Li G, Qin Z, Yang H, Zhou T, Liu J, Hu X, Wang J, Jiang X, Lin F, Zhang X, Ke C, Lv X, Lv Y, Hu W, Zeng J, Chen Z, Zhong S, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li D, Mou Y, Chen Z. Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy With or Without Interferon Alfa Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-grade Gliomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2253285. [PMID: 36705923 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with 5-year survival rates of 30.9% for grade 3 gliomas and 6.6% for grade 4 gliomas. The add-on efficacy of interferon alfa is unclear for the treatment of HGG. OBJECTIVES To compare the therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects of the combination of temozolomide and interferon alfa and temozolomide alone in patients with newly diagnosed HGG. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, phase 3 clinical trial enrolled 199 patients with newly diagnosed HGG from May 1, 2012, to March 30, 2016, at 15 Chinese medical centers. Follow-up was completed July 31, 2021, and data were analyzed from September 13 to November 24, 2021. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 75 years with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed HGG and had received no prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy for their HGG. INTERVENTIONS All patients received standard radiotherapy concurrent with temozolomide. After a 4-week break, patients in the temozolomide with interferon alfa group received standard temozolomide combined with interferon alfa every 28 days. Patients in the temozolomide group received standard temozolomide. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was 2-year overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment tolerability. RESULTS A total of 199 patients with HGG were enrolled, with a median follow-up time of 66.0 (95% CI, 59.1-72.9) months. Seventy-nine patients (39.7%) were women and 120 (60.3%) were men, with ages ranging from 18 to 75 years and a median age of 46.9 (95% CI, 45.3-48.7) years. The median OS of patients in the temozolomide plus interferon alfa group (26.7 [95% CI, 21.6-31.7] months) was significantly longer than that in the standard group (18.8 [95% CI, 16.9-20.7] months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.47-0.88]; P = .005). Temozolomide plus interferon alfa also significantly improved median OS in patients with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) unmethylation (24.7 [95% CI, 20.5-28.8] months) compared with temozolomide (17.4 [95% CI, 14.1-20.7] months; HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37-0.87]; P = .008). Seizure and influenzalike symptoms were more common in the temozolomide plus interferon alfa group, with 2 of 100 (2.0%) and 5 of 100 (5.0%) patients with grades 1 and 2 toxic effects, respectively (P = .02). Finally, results suggested that methylation level at the IFNAR1/2 promoter was a marker of sensitivity to temozolomide plus interferon alfa. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Compared with the standard regimen, temozolomide plus interferon alfa treatment could prolong the survival time of patients with HGG, especially the MGMT promoter unmethylation variant, and the toxic effects remained tolerable. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01765088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Deng
- Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taipeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linbo Cai
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfa Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Xianming Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihuang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangrong Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medical, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiong Wu
- Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University and Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Armed Police Corps Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First People's Hospital of Fo Shan Affiliated with Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinsheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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