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Fu Y, Zhou J, Schroyen M, Lin J, Zhang H, Wu S, Qi G, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:340-355. [PMID: 39290856 PMCID: PMC11406101 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary calcitriol or quercetin supplementation on eggshell and bone quality of laying hens. In trial 1, 72 Hy-Line Brown layers (80-week-old) with weak-shelled strength (25 to 30 N) were assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 3 birds and fed a basal diet (4% calcium level) or basal diets supplemented with 0.5% calcium, 5 μg/kg calcitriol or 500 mg/kg quercetin for 4 weeks. In trial 2, 360 Hy-Line Brown layers (60-week-old) were divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates of 15 birds: control group (basal diet), calcitriol group (basal diet + 5 μg/kg calcitriol), and quercetin group (basal diet + 500 mg/kg quercetin). This trial lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed that dietary calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell quality in both trials (P < 0.05). In trial 2, compared with the control group, both calcitriol and quercetin supplementations improved femoral bone quality, calcium retention of hens and calcium content in uterine fluid at 18.5 h post-oviposition (PO) (P < 0.05), along with enhancing uterine morphology. Compared to the control group, supplemental calcitriol or quercetin up-regulated the relative mRNA expression levels of uterine transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) at 8.5 h PO and plasma membrane calcium-ATPase (PMCA), vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) at 18.5 h PO (P < 0.05), but down-regulated the uterine caspase 3 (CASP3) relative mRNA expression level at 8.5 h PO (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the femoral relative mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (up-regulated at 8.5 and 18.5 h PO) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (up-regulated at 8.5 h PO but down-regulated at 18.5 h PO) were also affected by calcitriol or quercetin supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared to the calcitriol, quercetin increased hen-day egg production and femoral medullary bone volume/bone tissue volume but reduced femoral stiffness (P < 0.05), which were accompanied by increased relative mRNA expression levels of uterine TRPV6, estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) at 18.5 h PO (P < 0.05). Overall, both dietary calcitriol and quercetin could improve eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism of aged layers. Compared to calcitriol, dietary quercetin up-regulated the expression of uterine calcium transporters, without affecting eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Fu Y, Zhou J, Schroyen M, Zhang H, Wu S, Qi G, Wang J. Decreased eggshell strength caused by impairment of uterine calcium transport coincide with higher bone minerals and quality in aged laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:37. [PMID: 38439110 PMCID: PMC10910863 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deteriorations in eggshell and bone quality are major challenges in aged laying hens. This study compared the differences of eggshell quality, bone parameters and their correlations as well as uterine physiological characteristics and the bone remodeling processes of hens laying eggs of different eggshell breaking strength to explore the mechanism of eggshell and bone quality reduction and their interaction. A total of 240 74-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were selected and allocated to a high (HBS, 44.83 ± 1.31 N) or low (LBS, 24.43 ± 0.57 N) eggshell breaking strength group. RESULTS A decreased thickness, weight and weight ratio of eggshells were observed in the LBS, accompanied with ultrastructural deterioration and total Ca reduction. Bone quality was negatively correlated with eggshell quality, marked with enhanced structures and increased components in the LBS. In the LBS, the mammillary knobs and effective layer grew slowly. At the initiation stage of eggshell calcification, a total of 130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 122 upregulated and 8 downregulated) were identified in the uterus of hens in the LBS relative to those in the HBS. These DEGs were relevant to apoptosis due to the cellular Ca overload. Higher values of p62 protein level, caspase-8 activity, Bax protein expression and lower values of Bcl protein expression and Bcl/Bax ratio were seen in the LBS. TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells and tissue damages in the uterus of the LBS. Although few DEGs were identified at the growth stage, similar uterine tissue damages were also observed in the LBS. The expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin were upregulated in humeri of the LBS. Enlarged diameter and more structural damages of endocortical bones and decreased ash were observed in femurs of the HBS. CONCLUSION The lower eggshell breaking strength may be attributed to a declined Ca transport due to uterine tissue damages, which could affect eggshell calcification and lead to a weak ultrastructure. Impaired uterine Ca transport may result in reduced femoral bone resorption and increased humeral bone formation to maintain a higher mineral and bone quality in the LBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Santos MJ, Ludke MC, Silva LM, Rabello CB, Barros MR, Costa FS, Santos CS, Wanderley JS. Complexed amino acid minerals vs. bis-glycinate chelated minerals: Impact on the performance of old laying hens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:395-408. [PMID: 38371472 PMCID: PMC10874725 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals (Zn, Mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals (ZMCAA) and bis-glycinate chelated minerals (ZMCGly) in laying hen diets on performance, internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and bone characteristics. From 78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, Mn, and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels: low (20, 20, and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively) or high (40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively). The analysis of variance was performed, and in cases where differences were observed, the means were compared using Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The source and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens. Hens fed ZMCAA had higher egg production (P = 0.01), egg weight (P = 0.02), egg mass (P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.05) compared to those fed ZMCGly. The ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height (P = 0.01), albumen weight (P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). The deposition of Zn (P < 0.01), Mn (P < 0.01), and Cu (P < 0.01) in the egg yolk was greater for hens received ZMCAA. Tibia weight (P = 0.04) and bone densitometry (P < 0.01) in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZMCAA resulted in longer villi (P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth (P = 0.01) in the duodenum. Jejunum and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and bone density compared to hens fed ZMCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J.B. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria C.M.M. Ludke
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos B.V. Rabello
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mércia R. Barros
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Clariana S. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamille S.S. Wanderley
- Department of Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Medeiros-Ventura WRL, Rabello CBV, Santos MJB, Barros MR, Silva Junior RV, Oliveira HB, Costa FS, Faria AG, Fireman AK. The Impact of Phytase and Different Levels of Supplemental Amino Acid Complexed Minerals in Diets of Older Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3709. [PMID: 38067060 PMCID: PMC10705327 DOI: 10.3390/ani13233709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources and levels of supplemental amino acid-complexed minerals (AACM), with and without enzyme phytase (EZ). A total of 512 Dekalb White laying hens at 67 weeks of age were used in a 2 × 3 + 2 factorial arrangement of 8 treatments and 8 replications each. The main effects included EZ supplementation (600 FTU kg-1) and AACM inclusion level (100%, 70%, and 40% of inorganic mineral recommendations), plus two control treatments. The group of hens fed AACM-100 showed lower feed intake than the inorganic mineral (IM) group. The diet containing AACM-EZ-70 provided a higher (p < 0.05) laying percentage and a lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than both the IM and IM-EZ diets. The groups fed AACM-EZ-40, AACM-EZ-100, and AACM-70 produced heavier yolks (p < 0.05). Hens fed IM laid eggs with the lowest yolk and albumen weights (p < 0.05). Layers fed with AACM-100 and AACM-70 produced the most resistant eggshells to breakage (p < 0.05). In diets containing phytase, the optimal AACM recommendations for better performance and egg quality in older laying hens are: 42, 49, 5.6, 28, 0.175, and 0.70 mg kg-1 for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska R. L. Medeiros-Ventura
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Carlos B. V. Rabello
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Marcos J. B. Santos
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Mércia R. Barros
- Veterinary Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Rogério V. Silva Junior
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Heraldo B. Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Fabiano S. Costa
- Veterinary Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Andresa G. Faria
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.R.L.M.-V.); (C.B.V.R.); (R.V.S.J.); (H.B.O.); (A.G.F.)
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Song L, Weng K, Bao Q, Wu J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhang Y. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis unveils uterine fluid difference in hens producing normal and pimpled eggs. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103081. [PMID: 37774518 PMCID: PMC10542640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggshell is a crucial indicator of egg quality. Pimpled eggs (PE) a type of eggshell defect are characterized by low eggshell strength, leading to substantial financial losses. Eggshell formation occurs in the uterine fluid (UF), which contains the required ions and matrix proteins However, the underlying mechanisms of PE formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the egg quality of PE, and normal eggs (NE) by examining the differences in UF from hens producing PE and NE (n = 6 each). This 2-wk-long assessment involved histomorphological and proteomics analyses. The results showed that NE had better eggshell quality compared to PE, and the uterus structure in PE hens was conducive to the formation of PE. Using quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 68 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) in the UF of PE hens, including 9 key proteins related to ion transport, protein synthesis and folding, and immunity. Downregulation of CALM1 and SCNN1G proteins in PE hens might have negatively affected the calcium signaling pathway, decreasing the calcium amount in UF. Additionally, the PHB1 and TSN proteins may affect eggshell formation by regulating immune responses. Taken together, our results provide insights into the mechanism of PE production, with potential applications for enhancing eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiqi Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu W, Lin J, Zhang C, Yang Z, Shan H, Jiang J, Wan X, Wang Z. Effect of Dietary Casein Phosphopeptide Addition on the Egg Production Performance, Egg Quality, and Eggshell Ultrastructure of Late Laying Hens. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081712. [PMID: 37107507 PMCID: PMC10137583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary casein phosphopeptide (CPP) supplementation on the egg production performance of late laying hens and the resulting egg quality and eggshell ultrastructure. (2) Methods: A total of 800 laying hens aged 58 weeks were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 8 replicates of 20 hens each. The hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control, T1), 0.5 (T2), 1.0 (T3), 1.5 (T4), and 2.0 (T5) g/kg CPP for 9 weeks. (3) Results: Dietary CPP supplementation was found to be beneficial for improving eggshell quality. The spoiled egg rate of the experimental groups was lower than that of the control group (linear and quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The yolk color in the T2, T3, and T4 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The shell thickness in the T4 group was higher than that in the T1 and T2 groups (linear effect, p < 0.05). The shell color in the experimental groups was higher than that in the control group (linear and quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The effective thickness in the T3-T5 groups (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) and the number of papillary nodes in the T2 and T3 groups were higher than those in the T1 group (quadratic, p < 0.05). The calcium content in the T2 and T3 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The iron content in the T2 and T3 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: In summary, 0.5-1.0 g/kg CPP supplementation reduced the spoiled egg rate, enhanced the yolk and eggshell colors, increased the thickness of the effective layer, and the calcium and iron contents in the eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoshu Shan
- Zhenjiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Jiasen Jiang
- Jurong Haoyuan Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Jurong 212400, China
| | - Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Cheng X, Ning Z. Research progress on bird eggshell quality defects: a review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102283. [PMID: 36399932 PMCID: PMC9673113 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The eggshell quality declined with extending of chicken laying cycles. Eggshell quality is a crucial feature that not only affects consumer preference, but also influences producers' economic profitability. The eggshell ultrastructure consists of mammillary, palisade, and vertical crystal layers. Any defect in shell structure results in a reduction in eggshell quality. Speckled, translucent, pimpled, and soft eggshells are common defects that cause significant financial losses for farmers and food security concerns for consumers. Therefore, reducing the faulty eggshells is critical for poultry production. Defective eggshell quality has been attributed to hereditary factors and external environmental stimuli. As such, improvements can be carried out through selective breeding and environmental control of components such as temperature, moisture, and diet formula balance. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of the main eggshell quality defects (speckled, translucent, pimpled, broken, and soft-shell eggs) and the relevant improvement methods are detailed. We hope this review will serve as a useful resource for poultry production management and effectively increasing eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Jing X, Wang Y, Song F, Xu X, Liu M, Wei Y, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wei J, Xu X. A Comparison between Vitamin D 3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 on Laying Performance, Eggshell Quality and Ultrastructure, and Plasma Calcium Levels in Late Period Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2824. [PMID: 36290209 PMCID: PMC9597715 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare high supplementary doses (125 µg/kg) of vitamin D3 (VD3) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) with commercial supplementary doses (62.5 µg/kg) of VD3 on laying performance, eggshell quality and ultrastructure, and plasma calcium levels in late period laying hens. A total of 1512 Roman Gray (60-week-old) laying hens were allotted into three treatments with 12 replicates and 42 birds in each replicate. During the 12-week trial period, the layers were fed a basal diet supplemented with different doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 (62.5 µg/kg VD3 in control group, CON; 125 µg/kg VD3 in high level VD3 group, VD3; 125 µg/kg 25-OHD3 in high level 25-OHD3 group, 25-OHD3). The results showed that high supplementary doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 increased laying rate (p < 0.05). Moreover, the layers fed high doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 diets had decreased unqualified egg rate and mortality (p < 0.05). High supplementary doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 increased eggshell strength and eggshell thickness (p < 0.05). From observation in eggshell ultrastructure, high doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 diets increased the palisade layer thickness and mammillary knob density (p < 0.05). Furthermore, high doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 diets increased the calcium levels in plasma (p < 0.05). In summary, compared with 62.5 µg/kg doses of VD3, supplementary 125 µg/kg doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3 improved the laying performance, eggshell quality, and plasma calcium levels in late period laying hens. Additionally, there was an equal effect on laying performance and eggshell quality in the hens fed dietary 125 µg/kg doses of VD3 or 25-OHD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Wuhan Hualuo Branch, China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Fulong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xianfeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Mingkang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Han G, Kim J, Kim JM, Kil D. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver in aged laying hens with different eggshell strength. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102217. [PMID: 36343436 PMCID: PMC9646969 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell is composed of a very ordered and mineralized structure and is important for egg quality. Eggshell strength is particularly important because of its direct association with economic outcomes and egg safety. Various factors related to laying hens and their environment affects eggshell strength. However, the molecular mechanisms of liver functions related to decreased eggshell strength of aged laying hens are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential factors affecting eggshell strength in aged laying hens at the hepatic transcriptomic level. A total of five hundred 92-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were screened to select those exhibiting the greatest variation in eggshell strength. Based on the final eggshell strength, 12 hens producing eggs with strong eggshell strength (SES) and weak eggshell strength (WES) were finally selected (n = 6) for liver tissue sampling. The RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 2 groups. We identified a total of 2,084 DEGs, of which 1,358 genes were upregulated and 726 genes were downregulated in the WES group compared with SES group. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, the DEGs indicated the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the insulin resistance pathways. Genes related to fatty liver disease were upregulated in WES group compared with SES group. In addition, expression of several genes associated with oxidative stress and bone resorption activity was altered in aged laying hens with different eggshell strength. Overall, these findings contribute to the identification of genes involved in different intensity of eggshell strength, enabling more understanding of the hepatic molecular mechanism underlying in decreased eggshell strength of aged laying hens.
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10
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhang H, Xiao H, Pan A, Shen J, Pu Y, Liang Z, Du J, Pi J. Multiomic analysis revealed the regulatory role of the KRT14 gene in eggshell quality. Front Genet 2022; 13:927670. [PMID: 36212119 PMCID: PMC9536113 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eggshell strength and thickness are critical factors in reducing the egg breaking rate and preventing economic losses. The calcite biomineralization process is very important for eggshell quality. Therefore, we employed transcriptional sequencing and proteomics to investigate the differences between the uteruses of laying hens with high- and low-breaking-strength shells. Results: A total of 1,028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 270 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The analysis results of GO terms and KEGG pathways showed that most of the DEGs and DEPs were enriched in vital pathways related to processes such as calcium metabolism, hormone and amino acid biosynthesis, and cell proliferation and apoptosis. Several DEGs and DEPs that were coexpressed at mRNA and protein levels were verified. KRT14 (keratin-14) is a candidate gene (protein) obtained by multiple omics analysis due to the fold difference of KRT14 being the largest. After the overexpression of KRT14 in uterine epithelial cells, the expressions of OC116 (ovocleididin-116), CALB1 (calbindin 1), and BST1 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2) were found to be increased significantly, while the expression of OC17 (ovocleididin-17) was found to be decreased significantly. Conclusion: In summary, this study confirms that during normal calcification, there are differences in ion transport between the uterus of hens producing high-breaking-strength eggshells and those producing low-breaking-strength eggshells, which may help elucidate the eggshell calcification process. The KRT14 gene may promote calcium metabolism and deposition of calcium carbonate in eggshells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailuan Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejin Pu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Liang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinping Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsong Pi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinsong Pi,
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11
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Malheiros R, Moraes V, Anderson K, Castro F, Ferrel J. Influence of dietary dacitic tuff breccia on laying hen performance and egg quality parameters and bone structure at 85 weeks of age after a non-anorexic molt program at 73 to 77 weeks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101718. [PMID: 35172232 PMCID: PMC8851254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of AZOMITE (AZM), a dacitic tuff breccia, in laying hens through egg quality and production parameters. A total of ninety six 73-wk-old Hy-Line W-36 commercial laying hens were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments, a control diet and the same diet containing 0.25% AZM, with 24 replicates of 2 hens/replication. From 73 to 77 wk, hens went through nonanorexic molt, and, from 77 to 85 wk, the hens were evaluated for egg production, eggshell quality, and bone health. At wk 85, tibiotarsi were collected for ash and mineral composition, ileal contents were collected for calcium, phosphorus, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for N (AMEn), and apparent nitrogen retention (ANR) evaluation. AZM-fed hens tended to have higher body weight (P = 0.07) from 82 to 83 and 84 to 85 wk, and higher hen day egg production than control (90.54 vs. 79.51%, P = 0.005) from 84 to 85 wk. In general, no differences were reported in feed intake, eggshell color, egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, or eggshell thickness (P > 0.05). However, shell strength and elasticity were improved (P < 0.02) and yolk color was decreased (P = 0.03) in AZM-fed hens than control. Moreover, the digestibility of Ca, AMEn, and ANR was increased with 0.25% AZM compared to control (P < 0.01). Tibiotarsi P and Ca percentage were lower in AZM-fed birds than control (P < 0.01), without affecting bone strength and mineral density (P > 0.36). Therefore, the use of 0.25% AZM showed a potential in improving egg production and eggshell strength, while maintaining bone quality in post-molt laying hens.
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12
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Dos Santos EO, Freitas ER, Nepomuceno RC, Watanabe PH, Souza DH, Fernandes DR, de Abreu Freitas C, do Nascimento GAJ, Aguiar GC, de Melo MCA. Organic zinc and manganese and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol improves eggshell thickness in late-phase laying hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:529. [PMID: 34727238 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic micromineral zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in late-phase laying hens' diets on performance, egg quality, lipid stability of fresh and stored eggs, and bone quality. The treatments were a basal diet and diets supplemented with 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet and 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; and 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet. On performance, the birds supplemented with organic manganese had the lowest feed intake. Regarding egg quality, the birds supplemented with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, and with Zn-Met, Mn-Met and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol presented a greater eggshell thickness than those receiving the basal diet. Lipid stability of the yolk varied only according to storage time. No effect of supplementation was observed on bone quality. Supplementation with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, or associated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, improved eggshell thickness in aged white layers. However, the associated or isolated supplementation with these nutrients did not influence performance, lipid stability of fresh and stored egg yolk or bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Davyd Herik Souza
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Germana Costa Aguiar
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
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13
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Jiang Q, Sun J, He Y, Ma Y, Zhang B, Han Y, Wu Y. Hydroxychloride trace elements improved eggshell quality partly by modulating uterus histological structure and inflammatory cytokines expression in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101453. [PMID: 34624774 PMCID: PMC8503664 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of dietary zinc, copper, and manganese hydroxychloride (HC) supplementation on performance, minerals deposition, serum parameters, eggshell ultrastructure, uterus histological structure, and inflammatory cytokines in aged hens. A total of 560 Hyline Brown layers at 62 wk of age were randomly allotted into 3 groups (CON, basal diet without extra minerals supplemented; Sulphate and HC, basal diet with sulphate or hydroxychloride zinc, copper, and manganese supplementation at levels of 80, 15, and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The trial lasted for 16 wk consisting of 4 wk depletion period and 12 wk testing period. The results indicated that dietary hydroxychloride trace elements increased egg weight (P < 0.05) when compared with CON group and improved average Haugh unit and albumen height (P < 0.05) when compared with Sulphate group from 70 to 73 wk. Trace element supplementation significantly increased eggshell strength, ceruloplasmin content in serum, and modified crystallographic structure of eggshell (P < 0.05) that included effective layer height, palisade height, mammillary layer width, and mammillary internal area ratio, but the results did not differ regarding the trace mineral sources used. Furthermore, hens fed with hydroxychloride trace element showed the highest mucosal fold height (P < 0.05) and epithelial height (P = 0.053) in eggshell gland, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and IL-22 (P = 0.094). It is concluded that supplementation of Zn, Cu, and Mn mixture modified eggshell quality partly through enhancing histological structure and immune responses of uterus. Hydroxychloride source of Zn, Cu, and Mn excelled sulphate in its beneficial effects for birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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14
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Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and essential oil complex on productive performance, egg quality, and uterus antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101410. [PMID: 34587537 PMCID: PMC8482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (HDV) and essential oils (EO) on the uterus antioxidant capacity, egg quality, and eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. A total of 400 48-wk-old Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 2 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with a combination of 69 μg/kg HDV and EO (including 200 mg/kg thymol and 50 mg/kg carvacrol) for 12 wk. There are 10 replicates of 20 hens each. Compared with the control, dietary HDV+EO supplementation improved (P < 0.05) egg production rate, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness and strength, and decreased (P < 0.05) the translucent egg score. Ultrastructural changes indicated that dietary HDV+EO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) mammillary knob width, mammillary thickness and the proportion of mammillary thickness, and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of effective thickness and total thickness of the eggshells compared with the control. Supplementation with HDV+EO complex led to higher serum HDV concentration and increased antioxidant capacity in the uterus, indicated by higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase [CAT], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], and glutathione S-transferases [GST]) and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Therefore, dietary HDV and EO complex (including thymol and carvacrol) supplementation can improve the productive performance and the eggshell quality in laying hens, and the improving effect on eggshell quality may through enhancing eggshell ultrastructure and antioxidant capacity of uterus.
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15
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Benavides-Reyes C, Folegatti E, Dominguez-Gasca N, Litta G, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Umar Faruk M. Research Note: Changes in eggshell quality and microstructure related to hen age during a production cycle. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101287. [PMID: 34280648 PMCID: PMC8319018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied in detail the changes that occur in eggshell structure and composition during a production cycle in order to better understand the deterioration of eggshell quality with hen age (at 33, 45, and 67 wk). To study changes in eggshell ultrastructure and microstructure characteristics (mammillary density, palisade layer thickness, size, and orientation of calcite crystals) and the cuticle composition, we used complementary analytical techniques such optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectrometry. The marked decrease in eggshell breaking strength from 5.8 Kg at 33 wk to 4.4 Kg at 67 wk (25% reduction) could not be solely explained by the modest reduction in eggshell thickness (6–10% reduction) and seems to be associate to abrupt changes in eggshell ultra- and microstructure characteristics (i.e., decreased mammillary density; increased size of crystal units), occurring in older hens. Particularly, the decrease in mammillary density reduces the attachment points of the eggshell mineral to the membranes and therefore should negatively impact eggshell mechanical properties. Also, the observed increase in the calcite crystal size making the shell could also reduce the cohesion of crystals and eggshell resistance against impacts. Additionally, there was a decrease in the amount of cuticle and internal egg quality parameters (egg albumen height) with hen age that could have a negative impact in egg safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Folegatti
- DSM Nutritional Products, Via G. di Vittorio 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gilberto Litta
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Murtala Umar Faruk
- DSM Nutritional Products, 1, Boulevard d'Alsace, 68128, Village-Neuf, France.
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16
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Fu Y, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Zhou JM, Qi GH. The partial replacement of sodium chloride with sodium bicarbonate or sodium sulfate in laying hen diets improved laying performance, and eggshell quality and ultrastructure. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101102. [PMID: 34082176 PMCID: PMC8181175 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary chloride (Cl) reduction on laying performance and eggshell quality by substitution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) for part of dietary sodium chloride (NaCl), and further explored its mechanism for improving eggshell quality. A total of 360 29-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, including a basal diet contained 0.33% NaCl (control group, 0.27% dietary Cl), and 4 experimental diets that contained 0.21% and 0.15% dietary Cl by substituting Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 for part of NaCl in the basal diet. No significant differences were observed in blood Na+, Cl−, K+ and Ca2+ levels and pH value as well as serum creatinine and uric acid contents among 5 treatments (P > 0.05). Dietary Cl reduction increased egg production and ADFI during wk 33 to 36, 37 to 40 and 29 to 40 of age and decreased feed conversion ratio during wk 37 to 40 of age (P < 0.05). The hens fed with diets containing 0.15% Cl increased eggshell breaking strength, thickness and weight ratio in wk 40 of age (P < 0.05). Birds fed with dietary 0.21% and 0.15% Cl exhibited higher effective layer thickness and lower mammillary layer thickness of eggshell than those fed with dietary 0.27% Cl (P < 0.05). Apparent Ca metabolizability of hens was increased with dietary Cl reduction (P < 0.05). Total Ca of eggshell of dietary 0.15% Cl group was higher than that of dietary 0.27% Cl group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in laying performance, eggshell quality and Ca metabolism of layers were observed between Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 replacement groups (P > 0.05). Overall, dietary Cl reductions could improve laying performance and eggshell quality by substitution of NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 for part of NaCl, and there were no differences in the improvements between these two substitutes. The improved eggshell quality may be attributed to improved eggshell ultrastructure and increased supply of eggshell Ca2CO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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17
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Fu Y, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Zhou JM, Qi GH, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate or sodium sulfate affects eggshell quality by altering ultrastructure and components in laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100163. [PMID: 33485831 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) may improve eggshell quality. Additionally, dietary NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 supplementation may further affect eggshell quality in different ways due to differences in anions. This study investigated and compared the effects of dietary Na supplementation in either NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 form on laying performance, eggshell quality, ultrastructure and components in laying hens. A total of 576 29-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments that were fed a Na-deficient basal diet (0.07% Na, 0.15% Cl) supplemented with Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 at 0.08, 0.18, 0.23 or 0.33% Na for 12 weeks. No differences were observed in laying production performance with dietary Na supplementation. Dietary Na supplementation resulted in quadratic increases of eggshell breaking strength in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups (P < 0.05), and Na2SO4-fed groups had a quadratic increase in the eggshell ratio at week 12 (P < 0.05). Compared with supplementing 0.08% Na, dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na increased the effective thickness (P < 0.05) in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups, but decreased the thickness and knob width of the mammillary layer (P < 0.05). A linear increase on the calcium content of the shell was only observed with Na supplementation from NaHCO3 (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in Na contents of the shell with dietary Na supplemented by both sources. Dietary Na addition had a quadratic increase on uronic acid contents of shell membrane in NaHCO3-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of shell membranes increased linearly with dietary Na supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na from Na2SO4 increased the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with NaHCO3-fed groups, Na2SO4-fed groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight ratio, effective thickness and the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell at week 12. Overall, dietary supplementation of NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 could increase eggshell breaking strength, which may be related to increased sulfated GAG contents in eggshell membranes and improved ultrastructure. Higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness and eggshell ratio could be obtained when the diet was supplemented with 0.23% Na from Na2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Noetzold TL, Vieira SL, Favero A, Horn RM, Silva CM, Martins GB. Manganese requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5814-5826. [PMID: 33142499 PMCID: PMC7647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was conducted to assess Mn requirements of broiler breeder hens. One hundred and twenty Cobb 500 hens, 22 wk of age, were individually allocated in cages. After fed a Mn-deficient diet (22.2 ppm), hens were randomly placed in treatments having 6 increments of 30-ppm Mn. All trace minerals were from laboratory grade sources being Mn from Mn sulfate (MnSO4H2O). Treatments were fed for 4 periods of 28 d. There were no interactions between dietary Mn and period for any evaluated response (P > 0.05). Requirements of Mn for hen day egg production and settable egg production were 115.8 and 56.6 ppm and 122.1 and 63.6 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively, using quadratic polynomial (QP) and broken line quadratic (BLQ) models, whereas total eggs and total settable eggs per hen had Mn requirements estimated at 115.7 and 56.6 and 121.8 and 61.7 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively. Number of cracked, defective, and contaminated eggs decreased, whereas hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell percentage, and eggshell palisade layer increased when hens were fed diets having 48.5 to 168.2-ppm Mn (P < 0.05). Maximum responses for egg weight and eggshell percentage were 117.7 and 63.6 ppm as well as 131.6 and 71.0 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively, using QP and BLQ models. Breaking strength and egg specific gravity had Mn requirements estimated at 140.2 and 112.7 ppm as well as 131.3 68.5 ppm (P < 0.05), whereas eggshell palisade layer and eggshell thickness were maximized with 128.8 and 68.8 ppm and 140.2 134.2 ppm, respectively, for QP and BLQ models (P < 0.05). Maximum yolk Mn content values were obtained using 118.0- and 118.4-ppm Mn by QP and BLQ models, respectively. The average Mn requirements estimated for QP and BLQ models is 128.4 and 92.3 ppm Mn (18.7 and 13.5 mg/hen/d), respectively, which is much lower than what has been currently recommended in commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Noetzold
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - A Favero
- Independent Consultant, Rua General Osorio, Garibaldi, RS 95720-000, Brazil
| | - R M Horn
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - C M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - G B Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
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19
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Zhang YN, Wang S, Huang XB, Li KC, Chen W, Ruan D, Xia WG, Wang SL, Abouelezz KFM, Zheng CT. Estimation of dietary manganese requirement for laying duck breeders: effects on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5752-5762. [PMID: 33142493 PMCID: PMC7647759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at estimating the dietary manganese (Mn) requirement for laying duck breeders. A total of 504 Longyan duck breeders (body weight: 1.20 ± 0.02 kg) aged 17 wk were randomly allocated to 6 treatments. The birds were fed with a basal diet (Mn, 17.5 mg/kg) or diets supplemented with 20, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg of Mn (as MnSO4·H2O) for 18 wk. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 14 ducks each. As a result of this study, dietary Mn supplementation did not affect the productive performance of laying duck breeders in the early laying period (17–18 wk), but affected egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 19 to 34 wk (P < 0.05), and there was a linear and quadratic effect of supplement level (P < 0.05). The proportion of preovulatory ovarian follicles increased (P < 0.01) linearly and quadratically, and atretic follicles (weight and percentage) decreased (P < 0.05) quadratically with dietary Mn supplementation. The density and breaking strength of tibias increased (quadratic; P < 0.05), the calcium content of tibias decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.01), and Mn content increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) with increase in Mn. The addition of Mn had a quadratic effect on serum contents of estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001). Dietary Mn supplementation decreased serum contents of total protein (linear, P < 0.05), glucose (quadratic, P < 0.05), total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calcium (linear, quadratic; P < 0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity and total and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase activities increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde content decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) in response to Mn supplemental levels. The dietary Mn requirements, in milligram per kilogram for a basal diet containing 17.5 mg/kg of Mn, for Longyan duck breeders from 19 to 34 wk of age were estimated to be 84.2 for optimizing egg production, 85.8 for egg mass, and 95.0 for FCR. Overall, dietary Mn supplementation, up to 160 mg/kg of feed, affected productive performance, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant status of layer duck breeders. Supplementing this basal diet (17.5 mg/kg of Mn) with 85 to 95 mg/kg of additional Mn was adequate for laying duck breeders during the laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - X B Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K C Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S L Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K F M Abouelezz
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang X, Sun L, Rajput SA, Qi D. The paradoxical effects of progesterone on the eggshell quality of laying hens. J Struct Biol 2020; 209:107430. [PMID: 31783140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effects of progesterone on eggshell quality and ultrastructure by injecting progesterone into laying hens 2 and 5 h post-oviposition, respectively. Progesterone injected 2 h post-oviposition (P4-2 h) improved eggshell quality with a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the thickness of the mammillary layer and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the thickness of the effective layer in the eggshell ultrastructure compared to the control. Progesterone injected 5 h post-oviposition (P4-5 h) damaged the eggshell quality by significantly reducing (P < 0.01) the effective layer thickness. Progesterone injected delayed obviously (P < 0.01) the following oviposition. Moreover, the concentrations of Thr, Cys, Leu, Lys, and His in the eggshell membranes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the P4-2 h treated hens whereas Val and Lys were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in P4-5 h treated hens compared to the control. Therefore, progesterone shows paradoxical effects on eggshell quality depending on the injection time-points post-oviposition, which could explain the contradictions in previous related reports. P4 injected affected the content of amino acids in eggshell membranes, especially lysine which contributed to eggshell quality. In addition, P4 injected 2 h after oviposition improved eggshell quality by promoting the premature fusion of mammillary knobs. This work contributed to a novel insight to understanding the mechanism of improving eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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21
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Qiu JL, Zhou Q, Zhu JM, Lu XT, Liu B, Yu DY, Lin G, Ao T, Xu JM. Organic trace minerals improve eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens during the late laying period. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1483-1490. [PMID: 32115033 PMCID: PMC7587740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low inclusion levels of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on performance, eggshell quality, serum hormone levels, and enzyme activities of laying hens during the late laying period. A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replications per treatment and 15 birds per replication. The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet supplemented with proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted 56 D (8 wk). Compared with the CON group, the ITM group showed decrease in (P < 0.05) egg production, eggshell strength, eggshell palisade layer, palisade layer ratio, serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone, glycosaminoglycan concentration, and carbonic anhydrase activity and increase in (P < 0.05) egg loss and mammillary layer ratio. However, the TRT group almost kept all the indices close to the CON group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, hens fed with low inclusion levels of organic trace minerals had smaller mammillary knobs (P < 0.05) than those in the CON and ITM groups. In conclusion, hens fed with low inclusion levels of proteinated trace minerals had better performance and eggshell strength than those fed with identical levels of inorganic compounds; organic trace minerals improved eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J M Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X T Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Y Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - G Lin
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - T Ao
- Center for Applied Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - J M Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Xiong M, Rajput SA, Liu Y, Qi D. The differences of gonadal hormones and uterine transcriptome during shell calcification of hens laying hard or weak-shelled eggs. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:707. [PMID: 31510913 PMCID: PMC6737649 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eggshell breaking strength is critical to reduce egg breaking rate and avoid economic loss. The process of eggshell calcification initiates with the egg entering the uterus and lasts about 18 h. It follows a temporal sequence corresponding to the initiation, growth and termination periods of shell calcification. During each period of shell calcification, our study investigated the differences of gonadal hormones and uterine transcriptome in laying hens producing a high or low breaking strength shell. Results 60 Hy-line Brown laying hens were selected and divided into two groups according to eggshell breaking strength. Eggshell breaking strength of 44.57 ± 0.91 N and 26.68 ± 0.38 N were considered to be the high strength group (HS) and low strength group (LS), respectively. The results showed that mammillary thickness and mammillary knob width of eggshells were significantly lower in the HS. Serum progesterone (P4) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] were significantly higher in the HS compared to the LS during the initiation period of calcification. Serum estradiol (E2) and calcium did not change significantly. All factors mentioned above had no significant differences in the growth and termination periods of calcification. The relative expression of CaBP-D28k and PMCA 1b were not significantly different between HS and LS. The relative expression of NCX1 was significantly higher in HS compared to LS. Moreover, 1777 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the initiation period of calcification. However, few DEGs were identified in the growth or termination periods of calcification. 30 DEGs were selected as candidate genes involved in eggshell calcification during the initiation period of calcification by the analysis of GO terms and KEGG pathways. Conclusions Our study concluded that mammillary thickness and mammillary knob width of the HS were significantly lower than LS. P4 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were significantly higher in the initiation period of HS. They may impact initial calcification when the mammillary layer is formed. The initiation period of calcification determined eggshell strength rather than the growth or termination periods. We inferred P4 or 1,25-(OH)2D3 may effect the ultrastructure of the mammillary layer by regulating the expression of uterine genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6017-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Zhang
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxin Xiong
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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23
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Cui YM, Zhang HJ, Zhou JM, Wu SG, Zhang C, Qi GH, Wang J. Effects of long-term supplementation with amino acid-complexed manganese on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and organ histopathology in laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Fathi MM, Galal A, Ali UM, Abou-Emera OK. Physical and mechanical properties of eggshell as affected by chicken breed and flock age. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:506-512. [PMID: 31116022 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1621992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among physical and mechanical properties of the eggshell, as affected by breed and hen's age. 2. Data on eggshell quality (external characteristics and derived measurements) were obtained from 322 laying hens, from three breeds (Fayoumi, Dandarawi and Hy-Line Brown) during the laying cycle, starting from 38 wks of age for four experimental periods (38, 46, 54 and 62 wks). 3. Eggs obtained from the Fayoumi breed exhibited the highest shell thickness and breaking force. There was a linear improvement in eggshell quality attributes associated with hen's age up to 54 wks, thereafter a deterioration was found for all breeds. 4. Generally, eggs laid by native breeds (Fayoumi and Dandarawi) had better mechanical properties compared to those produced by the commercial strain (Hy-Line Brown). In addition, the interaction between breed and hen's age was not significant for any physical property or mechanical attribute. There was a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation between the breaking force and either eggshell toughness or shell thickness, and regression analyses suggested that eggshell toughness was the best predictor for breaking force, followed by shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Fathi
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University , Al-Qassim , Saudi Arabia.,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A Galal
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - U M Ali
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - O K Abou-Emera
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University , Al-Qassim , Saudi Arabia.,Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki , Giza , Egypt
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang J, Qi G. Dietary manganese supplementation affects mammillary knobs of eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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