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Kardoudi A, Siham F, Abdelmounaaim A, Faouzi K, Ikram O, Thomas J, Abdelouaheb B. A snapshot on molecular technologies for diagnosing FAdV infections. Front Vet Sci 2025; 12:1558257. [PMID: 40370821 PMCID: PMC12075531 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1558257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are prevalent in chickens worldwide, responsible for several poultry diseases, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and gizzard erosion (GE), which result in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Consequently, detection and efficient identification of FAdV serotypes are becoming extremely urgent to monitor outbreaks and develop vaccination strategies. Conventional PCR (cPCR) tests, combined with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) or sequencing, were developed for FAdV diagnosis. Although these molecular tests have considerably improved the accuracy of FAdV diagnosis compared with conventional methods, certain drawbacks remain unresolved, including lack of sensitivity and post-PCR analysis. Subsequently, advanced molecular technologies such as real-time PCR (qPCR), Loop Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), Cross-Priming Amplification (CPA), Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR), Dot Blot Assay Combined with cPCR, Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR (nano-PCR), PCR-Refractory Quantitative Amplification (ARMS-qPCR), CRISPR/Cas13a Technology, and High-Resolution Melting Curve (HRM), have been developed to improve FAdV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kardoudi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fellahi Siham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Kichou Faouzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouchhour Ikram
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jackson Thomas
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Benani Abdelouaheb
- Medical Biology Department, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Tian Y, Tang J, Lin H, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Zhou EM, Chen Y, Liu B. Coinfection of avian hepatitis E virus and different serotypes of fowl adenovirus in chicken flocks in Shaanxi, China. Microbiol Spectr 2025; 13:e0133824. [PMID: 39688435 PMCID: PMC11792478 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01338-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultry, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and co-infected viruses (such as avian hepatitis E virus, aHEV) are likely to cause decreased egg production, inclusion body hepatitis, and pericardial effusion syndrome. From July to September 2023, eight poultry farms of commercial broilers and commercial layers suffered from increased mortality, decreased egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome-like gross lesions in Shaanxi province, China. To determine the source of the infection, the viruses of aHEV, FAdV, avian leukosis virus (ALV), Marek's disease virus (MDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) were detected. A total of 240 liver samples were collected from eight farms and detected by molecular etiology methods. The samples were tested positive for FAdV and aHEV and negative for NDV, MDV, ALV, and H9N2 AIV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that these isolates were clustered into three distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4), FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b. The partial ORF2 gene sequences obtained in this study shared the highest identity (76%-97%) with corresponding sequences of other known avian HEV isolates and belonged to gene type 3 avian HEV. Meanwhile, the isolated FAdV in this study could multiply in leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Overall, the disease may be mainly caused by FAdV and aHEV coinfection on these farms, and this is the first study to discover FAdV-4/8a/8b and avian HEV coinfection in a farm in China. IMPORTANCE Last year, eight poultry farms of commercial broilers and commercial layers suffered a serious disease in Shaanxi province, China. After molecular etiological investigation, the disease may be mainly caused by fowl adenovirus (FAdV) (FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b) and avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) (genotype 3 avian HEV) coinfection on these flocks, and this is the first study to find FAdV-4/8a/8b and avian HEV coinfection in a farm. It provides a valuable foundation for the prevention and control of FAdV and avian HEV coinfection in chicken farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanyu Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinuo Tian
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jirong Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanqing Lin
- Kongtong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Pingliang, Gansu, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Xu H, Li W, Nie Y, Chen S, Li H, Zhang X, Xie Q, Chen W. Synergy of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus and Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Enhances the Pathogenicity in Chickens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:740. [PMID: 38674684 PMCID: PMC11052190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leukemia virus (ALV-J) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) are widely acknowledged as significant immunosuppressive pathogens that commonly co-infect chickens, causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, whether co-infection of ALV-J and CIAV have synergistic pathogenicity remains uncertain. To explore their synergistic pathogenesis, we established a co-infection model of ALV-J and CIAV in HD11 cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. We discovered that ALV-J and CIAV can synergistically promote the secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-γ and apoptosis in HD11 cells. In vivo, compared to the ALV-J and CIAV mono-infected group, the mortality increased significantly by 27% (20 to 47%) and 14% (33 to 47%) in the co-infected group, respectively. We also discovered that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically inhibited weight gain and exhibited more severe organ damage in co-infected chickens. Furthermore, we found that CIAV can promote the replication of ALV-J in HD11 cells and significantly enhance ALV-J viral load in blood and tissues of co-infected chickens, but ALV-J cannot promote the replication of CIAV. Moreover, by measuring the immune organ indexes and proportions of blood CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, more serious instances of immunosuppression were observed in ALV-J and CIAV co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically enhance pathogenicity and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
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FUJINO K, HORIE M, AIHARA N, KAMIIE J, TAHARAGUCHI S. Detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:396-399. [PMID: 38346726 PMCID: PMC11061579 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken chaphamaparvovirus causes diarrheal symptoms and can be detected in fecal samples. This study reports the detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in debilitated chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis at a broiler farm in Japan. After euthanasia and necropsy, liver hemorrhage was observed. Nuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes were identified using histological analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis using RNA from livers of three affected chickens revealed infection by chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all three chickens were positive for chicken chapparvovirus 2, and only one was positive for both chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. In conclusion, chicken chapparvovirus 2 causes infection in chickens in Japan and might be involved in hemorrhagic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan FUJINO
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki HORIE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases,
Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki AIHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi KAMIIE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi TAHARAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Lai J, He X, Zhang R, Zhang L, Chen L, He F, Li L, Yang L, Ren T, Xiang B. Chicken Interferon-Alpha and -Lambda Exhibit Antiviral Effects against Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1681. [PMID: 38338959 PMCID: PMC10855402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is primarily caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), causing high mortality in chickens. Although vaccination strategies against FAdV-4 have been adopted, HHS still occurs sporadically. Furthermore, no effective drugs are available for controlling FAdV-4 infection. However, type I and III interferon (IFN) are crucial therapeutic agents against viral infection. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of chicken IFN against FadV-4. We expressed recombinant chicken type I IFN-α (ChIFN-α) and type III IFN-λ (ChIFN-λ) in Escherichia coli and systemically investigated their antiviral activity against FAdV-4 infection in Leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ dose dependently inhibited FAdV-4 replication in LMH cells. Compared with ChIFN-λ, ChIFN-α more significantly inhibited viral genome transcription but less significantly suppressed FAdV-4 release. ChIFN-α- and ChIFN-λ-induced IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, such as PKR, ZAP, IRF7, MX1, Viperin, IFIT5, OASL, and IFI6, in LMH cells; however, ChIFN-α induced a stronger expression level than ChIFN-λ. Thus, our data revealed that ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ might trigger different ISG expression levels, inhibiting FAdV-4 replication via different steps of the FAdV-4 lifecycle, which furthers the potential applications of IFN antiviral drugs in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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6
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Lu Y, Yuan Y, Jiang H, Xu Z, Guo Y, Cao X, Li T, Wan Z, Shao H, Qin A, Xie Q, Ye J. Efficient cross-protection against serotype 4/8a fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs): recombinant FAdV-4 with FAdV-8a Fiber. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0246223. [PMID: 37966208 PMCID: PMC10714736 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02462-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiological data reveal that FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a are the dominant serotypes of FAdVs in the poultry industry in China. Although three commercial inactivated vaccines against FAdV-4 have been licensed in China, the bivalent vaccine against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a is not available. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 and Cre-LoxP system to generate a recombinant virus FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 expressing the Fiber of FAdV-8a. Notably, FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 was highly attenuated and could provide efficient protection against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a in the chicken infection model, highlighting the applaudable application of FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 as a novel live-attenuated bivalent vaccine against the diseases caused by the infection of FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Abdel-Alim GA, Aly SM, Khattab MS, Badawy AM, Naguib MG, Abdelhamid TM, Hussein HA, Morsy EA. Adenovirus type D and type E infection in broiler chickens: the effect on CD4 and CD8 T cell response, cytokines expression and their immunopathology. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:688-696. [PMID: 37610326 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2248586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
1. A total of 150-day-old chicks were divided into three groups of 50 birds (G1-G3); G1 and G2 were orally inoculated at 1-day old with 0.5 ml of 107 TCID50/ml FAdV-D serotype 2 (MT386509.1) and FAdV-E serotype 8a (MW847902), respectively, and G3 was blank control group.2. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by detection of CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes and the mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 in the chicken spleen using q-PCR. Additionally, immunopathology was performed at 3, 5 and 7 day post infection (dpi) and weekly until the end of the experiment.3. Results revealed that transcription of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8) was up regulated in the spleen of FAdV type D and type E infected chickens at various time points relative to the control group. A marked decrease in the number of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes at 5 and 7 dpi in G1 of chickens infected with FAdV type D. Whereas, in chickens infected with FAdV type E, the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were markedly decreased at 7 dpi.4. In contrast, there were no significant differences in humoral immune responses against NDV vaccine in (G1 and G2) at different intervals post-vaccination compared to the control group. The histopathology of the bursa, thymus, and spleen in the infected groups showed lymphocytolysis with severe reticular cells hyperplasia and lymphoid depletion.5. In conclusion, fowl adenovirus types D and E have an immunosuppressive effect in broilers which may be considered one of the main causes of the continuous co-infections with other viruses reported in the field during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Abdel-Alim
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Aly
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - M S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Badawy
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - M G Naguib
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T M Abdelhamid
- Department of Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E A Morsy
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Hou L, Wang W, Chi Z, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Zhao P. FAdV-4 Promotes Expression of Multiple Cytokines and Inhibits the Proliferation of aHEV in LMH Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2072. [PMID: 37896849 PMCID: PMC10612091 DOI: 10.3390/v15102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single or mixed infections of multiple pathogens such as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) have been detected in numerous laying hens with severe liver injury in China. Thus, aHEV and immunosuppressive viruses are speculated to cause co-infections. In this study, co-infection with aHEV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was confirmed by nested RT-PCR and recombinase-aided amplification combined with gene sequencing in two flocks with severe liver injury. Subsequently, the two reference strains, aHEV and FAdV-4, were inoculated into LMH cells to identify their co-infection potential. Confocal microscopy revealed aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infected LMH cells. In addition, the replication dynamics of aHEV and FAdV-4 along with the expression levels of immuno-cytokines were measured. The results indicated colocalization of aHEV and FAdV-4 and inhibition of viral replication in LMH cells. The transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α were significantly upregulated in LMH cells, whereas those of immune-related factors induced by FAdV-4 were downregulated upon FAdV-4 and aHEV co-infection. These results confirmed the co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in vitro and prompted the antagonistic pathogenic effects of FAdV-4 and aHEV, thereby providing novel insights into the counterbalancing effects of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai 265400, China;
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhong Zou
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
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9
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Xu X, Ji J, Yao L, Kan Y, Xie Q, Bi Y. Molecular Characteristics of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Central and Eastern China from 2020 to 2022. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2709. [PMID: 37684973 PMCID: PMC10487239 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the recent evolution of CIAV in China, 43 flocks of chickens from the provinces of Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Anhui were screened via polymerase chain reaction during 2020-2022. Of these, 27 flocks tested positive for CIAV nucleic acids, including 12 which were positive for other immunosuppression viruses. Additionally, 27 CIAV strains were isolated, and their whole genomes were sequenced. The AH2001 and JS2002 strains shared the highest identity at 99.56%, and the HB2102 and HB2101 strains shared the lowest identity at 95.34%. Based on the genome sequences of these strains and reference strains, a phylogenetic tree was constructed and divided into eight main branches. Most of the strains were grouped with the East Asian strains, whereas the HB2101 strain belonged to the Brazil and Argentina cluster. A recombination event was detected in multiple strains, in which AH2002 recombined from KJ728827/China/2014 (from Taiwan Province) and HN2203, and AH2202 recombined from KX811526/China/2017 (from Shandong Province) and HN2203. All the obtained strains had a highly pathogenic Gln amino acid site at position 394 of the VP1. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of CIAV monitoring and provide data that aid in understanding the evolution of CIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
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10
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Fang L, Jia H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Qi L, Zhao P. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of a highly pathogenic strain of chicken anemia virus that emerged in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171622. [PMID: 37284496 PMCID: PMC10240067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). Recently, severe anemia has emerged in layer chickens (8 to 10-week-old) on poultry farms in China. However, the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of CAV in chickens at 6 weeks or older are not well understood. In this study, we isolated a CAV strain, termed SD15, from two-month-old chicken with severe anemia and analyzed the genetic evolution relationship. We found that strain SD15 had the highest homology (98.9%) with CAV18 strain. Comparison with 33 reference strains revealed 16 amino acid mutations in strain SD15, two of which were previously unknown (F210S in VP1 and L25S in Vp3). Compared with low pathogenic strains (Cux-1 and C14), highly pathogenic strains (SDLY08 and SD15) had three base mutations in their noncoding region. To further understand its pathogenicity, 10-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with the novel strain and SDLY08. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the SDLY08 group. However, SD15-infected chickens showed significant growth retardation and immunosuppression. The main manifestations of immunosuppression were the significantly reduced thymus and bursa indices and AIV-H9 vaccine-induced antibody levels (P < 0.05). The lowest number of red blood cells in the SD15 group was just 60% of that in the control group. Taken together, the novel strain SD15 not only showed higher pathogenicity but also exhibited the potential ability to break the age resistance of older chickens to CAV. Our study enhanced the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of chickens infected with severe anemia and can facilitate the development of improved control strategies of CIA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fang
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyue Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Qi
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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11
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Li J, Lou Y, Li P, Wang T, Lv Z, Guo Z, Geng N, Meng F, Liu S, Li N. Retrospective Investigation and Genetic Variation Analysis of Chicken Infectious Anemia in Shandong Province, 2020-2022. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040263. [PMID: 37104419 PMCID: PMC10142966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a vertical transmission infectious chicken disease caused by the chicken infectious anemia virus (CAV). The disease can induce stunting and immunosuppression in chicks by infecting bone marrow-derived stem cells, causing huge economic losses for the poultry industry. To determine the prevalence of CIA in Shandong Province, China, 854 suspected CIA samples were collected and analyzed in 13 cities in Shandong from 2020 to 2022. The PCR results showed that a total of 115 CAV were isolated. The CAV-positive rates were 17.21% (26/151) in 2020, 12.23% (35/286) in 2021, and 12.94% (54/417) in 2022, with severe mixed infections. Among them, CAV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were the most common, accounting for 40.86%. VP1 gene homology analysis showed that isolated strains shared 96.1-100% homology with the previously reported CAV strains. Genetic variation analysis showed that most of the isolated CAV strains were located in genotype A. These results indicate that CIA infection in Shandong chickens in recent years has been prevalent and mixed infections are common, but there were no significant genetic variations. Our results extend the understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of CIA in Shandong Province. They will offer new references for further study of the epidemiology and virus variation and the prevention and control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yufei Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Peixun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Tailong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Zehao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ningwei Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
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12
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Hou L, Chi Z, Zhang Y, Xue Q, Zhai T, Chang S, Wang J, Zhao P. Natural co-infection of fowl adenovirus type E-8b and avian hepatitis E virus in parental layer breeders in Hebei, China. Virol Sin 2023; 38:317-320. [PMID: 36681152 PMCID: PMC10176431 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Qi Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianshu Zhai
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Jia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
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13
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Current Epidemiology and Co-Infections of Avian Immunosuppressive and Neoplastic Diseases in Chicken Flocks in Central China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122599. [PMID: 36560601 PMCID: PMC9784009 DOI: 10.3390/v14122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian immunosuppressive and neoplastic diseases caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), avian leucosis virus (ALV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are seriously harmful to the global poultry industry. In recent years, particularly in 2020-2022, outbreaks of such diseases in chicken flocks frequently occurred in China. Herein, we collected live diseased birds from 30 poultry farms, out of 42 farms with tumour-bearing chicken flocks distributed in central China, to investigate the current epidemiology and co-infections of these viruses. The results showed that in individual diseased birds, the positive infection rates of MDV, ALV, and REV were 69.5% (203/292), 14.4% (42/292), and 4.7% (13/277), respectively, while for the flocks, the positive infection rates were 96.7% (29/30), 36.7% (11/30), and 20% (6/30), respectively. For chicken flocks, monoinfection of MDV, ALV, or REV was 53.3% (16/30), 3.3% (1/30), and 0% (0/30), respectively, but a total of 43.3% (13/30) co-infections was observed, which includes 23.3% (7/30) of MDV+ALV, 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+REV, and 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+ALV+REV co-infections. Interestingly, no ALV+REV co-infection or REV monoinfection was observed in the selected poultry farms. Our data indicate that the prevalence of virulent MDV strains, partially accompanied with ALV and/or REV co-infections, is the main reason for current outbreaks of avian neoplastic diseases in central China, providing an important reference for the future control of disease.
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14
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El-Shall NA, El-Hamid HSA, Elkady MF, Ellakany HF, Elbestawy AR, Gado AR, Geneedy AM, Hasan ME, Jaremko M, Selim S, El-Tarabily KA, El-Hack MEA. Epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control strategies of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry: A comprehensive review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:963199. [PMID: 36304412 PMCID: PMC9592805 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.963199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) can result in a number of syndromes in the production of chicken, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and others, causing enormous economic losses around the globe. FAdVs are divided into 12 serotypes and five species (A-E; 1-8a and 8b-11). Most avian species are prone to infection due to the widespread distribution of FAdV strains. The genus aviadenovirus, which is a member of the adenoviridae family, is responsible for both IBH and HHS. The most popular types of transmission are mechanical, vertical, and horizontal. Hepatitis with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies distinguishes IBH, but the buildup of translucent or straw-colored fluid in the pericardial sac distinguishes HHS. IBH and HHS require a confirmatory diagnosis because their clinical symptoms and postmortem abnormalities are not unique to those conditions. Under a microscope, the presence of particular lesions and inclusion bodies may provide clues. Traditional virus isolation in avian tissue culture is more delicate than in avian embryonated eggs. Additionally, aviadenovirus may now be quickly and precisely detected using molecular diagnostic tools. Preventive techniques should rely on efficient biosecurity controls and immunize breeders prior to production in order to protect progeny. This current review gives a general overview of the current local and global scenario of IBH, and HHS brought on by FAdVs and covers both their issues and preventative vaccination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A. El-Shall
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Magdy F. Elkady
- Poultry Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hany F. Ellakany
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Gado
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Geneedy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatic Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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15
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Li Y, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhou M, Zhao H, Chi Z, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Genomic Characterization of CIAV Detected in Contaminated Attenuated NDV Vaccine: Epidemiological Evidence of Source and Vertical Transmission From SPF Chicken Embryos in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930887. [PMID: 35873689 PMCID: PMC9298830 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used to prevent infectious disease in poultry flocks. Freedom from exogenous virus is a high priority for any veterinary vaccines. Recently, attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines were detected to be contaminated with chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in a routine screening for exogenous viruses. To investigate the possible source of the contamination, we conducted virological tests on a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer breeder flock that provide the raw materials for vaccines in this manufacturer. Firstly, CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks samples of the SPF laying hens were detected by ELISA assays. The results showed that CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks were 62% positive and 57% positive, respectively. Then, DNA was extracted from the NDV vaccines and SPF chicken embryonated eggs, and detected by molecular virology assays. The results showed that three assays for pathogens in embryonated eggs had similar positive rates (35.8%). And the sequences of CIAV from SPF embryos and NDV vaccines consisted of 2,298 nucleotides (nt) with 100% homology. The new full-length genome of CIAV was designated SDSPF2020 (Genbank accession number: MW660821). Data showed SDSPF2020 had the sequence similarities of 95.8–99.6% with reference strains, and shared the highest homology with the Chinese strain HLJ15125. These results strongly suggested that exogenous CIAV contamination is most likely caused by wild virus infection in SPF flocks and vertical transmission to chicken embryos. Collectively, this study illustrated that vertical transmission of CIAV from a SPF layer breeder flock to embryos was a non-neglible way for exogenous virus contamination in vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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16
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Chen L, Su Q, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chang S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Genomic Characteristics of a Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Contaminated Attenuated Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925935. [PMID: 35782569 PMCID: PMC9244546 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) can be transmitted by contaminated live vaccines, and causes huge economic losses. This study evaluated the contamination status of CIAV in 24 batches of vaccines by recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA), fluorescence quantitative PCR and dot blot assay, and then found a contaminated attenuated vaccine. The whole genome of the CIAV contaminant was then sequenced and named JS2020-PFV (Genbank accession number: MW234428, 2296bp). It showed 94.5 to 99.9% identities with reference strains and shared the closest evolution relationship with AB1K strain which was isolated from a chicken farm in Turkey. All of these suggested that the use of CIAV contaminated live vaccine may be one of the reason for its epidemic in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhao
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Lebdah M, Alshaya DS, Jalal AS, Mousa MR, Radwan MM, Samir M, Adel A, Albaqami NM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, El basrey YF. Molecular characterization of aviadenovirus serotypes and pathogenicity of the identified adenovirus in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101918. [PMID: 36209666 PMCID: PMC9551142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically significant viral disease that primarily affects broiler chickens. At least 12 different aviadenovirus serotypes are responsible for causing IBH. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analysis to characterize fowl adenovirus isolates that were in circulation from 2019 to 2021 and investigate the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in commercial broiler chickens. Suspected liver samples were molecularly identified using hexon gene targeting by PCR, and viruses were isolated using chick embryo liver cell culture. For serotype identification, the fowl adenovirus-positive samples were subjected to hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity of two isolates was tested in commercial chickens via the oral route. The phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene showed that the isolated viruses clustered with serotype 8a species E. On testing the pathogenicity of the isolates based on necropsy and histopathological examination, no mortality was observed; however, lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, bursa, and lung specimens with intermittent virus shedding at different time points throughout the experimental period. Further research on the likelihood of vaccine production is warranted to limit disease-related losses.
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Wang XW, Feng J, Jin JX, Zhu XJ, Sun AJ, Liu HY, Wang JJ, Wang R, Yang X, Chen L, Liao YF, Zhuang GQ. Molecular Epidemiology and Pathogenic Characterization of Novel Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses in Henan Province of China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:871826. [PMID: 35419450 PMCID: PMC8995968 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) resulting in heavy economic losses once an outbreak is established. This study conducted a systematic analysis of the epidemiology and pathology of CIA in Henan province, China. A total of 437 clinical tissue samples and 120 poultry disease-related live attenuated vaccines were collected during 2017–2020; of which 45 were positive for CIAV nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 8.08%. Our results showed that genome sequence similarity among a total of 12 CIAV isolates was high, and ranged from 97.1 to 99.3%, and their similarity to the vaccine strains Cux-1 and Del-Ros ranged from 97.8 to 98.6%. However, There were mutations in the locus of the major capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 among all isolates. The subsequent sequence analysis indicated that the isolates of HN-4 and HN-8 showed genetic recombination and follow up animal experiments revealed that HN-4 might be a pathogenic strain. Our results reveal that both field infection and non-CIAV vaccines contamination promote the epidemiology of CIAV in China and some dominant epidemic viruses have undergone recombination and evolution. This study provides important information to help with the prevention and control of CIAV in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua-Yuan Liu
- Wolong Animal's Sanitation Administration, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guo-Qing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Qing Zhuang
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Liu K, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Geng N, Meng F, Wang S, Li J, Zhong Z, Zhu L, Liu S, Li N. The diagnosis and molecular epidemiology investigation of avian hepatitis E in Shandong province, China. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:56. [PMID: 35078465 PMCID: PMC8788081 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the pathogenic agent of big liver and spleen disease (BLS) and of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens, which have caused economic losses to the poultry industry in China. In this study, 18 samples of BLS chickens were collected to reveal the molecular epidemiological characteristics of avian HEV in the province of Shandong, China. RESULTS Gross and microscopic lesions of clinical samples were observed; then, virology detection and genetic analysis of avian HEV were performed. The results showed that there was significant swelling and rupture in the liver and that the spleen was enlarged. Microscopic lesions demonstrated obvious hemorrhage in the liver, with infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, as well as the reduction of lymphocytes in the spleen. Eleven of the 18 samples were positive for avian HEV, with a positive rate of 61.11%. More importantly, all avian HEV-positive samples were mixed infections: among these, the mixed infections of avian HEV and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) and avian HEV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were the most common. Furthermore, the genetic evolution analysis showed that all avian HEV strains obtained here did not belong to the reported 4 genotypes, thus constituting a potential novel genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results of this study further enrich the epidemiological data on avian HEV in Shandong, prove the genetic diversity of avian HEV in China, and uncover the complex mixed infections of avian HEV clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuihao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningwei Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaobing Zhong
- Taian Daiyue District Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Centre of Linshu, Linyi, 276700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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20
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Hou L, Su Q, Zhang Y, Liu D, Mao Y, Zhao P. Development of a PCR-based dot blot assay for the detection of fowl adenovirus. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101540. [PMID: 34823181 PMCID: PMC8626688 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Group-I Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is still widespread in China's chicken farms, leading to huge economic losses. The traditional PCR method, which can detect all serotypes at the same time, is not sensitive enough to obtain accurate results, especially in some samples containing only a low titer of virus, such as contaminated live vaccine. In order to solve this problem, this study developed a dot blot assay based on the above PCR method. A total of 6 probes targeting the conserved region of FAdV were designed and systematically optimized through sensitivity, accuracy, and stability analyses. Results showed that it is not only suitable for 12 serotypes, but also effectively improve the sensitivity, which increased more than 100 times in comparison with PCR assay. Moreover, this sensitivity was increased 100 times when detecting contaminated live vaccine samples, showing the great prospect of this method in daily monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271001, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271001, China.
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21
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Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:412. [PMID: 34308515 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019. All the samples were subjected to 897-bp FAdV hexon gene-specific PCR for confirmation and primary chicken liver cells were used to isolate the field FAdVs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897-bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that all the isolates have showed close evolutionary relationship with fowl adenovirus serotype 11 of species D. For pathogenicity assessment, 0.5 ml of 106.5 TCID50/ml of field FAdV serotype 11 isolate was orally inoculated in 1-day-old SPF chicks and observed for 21 days. This experimental study revealed that there was no mortality in infected chicks and showed clinical signs of dullness, depression and diarrhoea between third and fifth day of oral inoculation. The FAdV was reisolated and confirmed by PCR from experimentally infected chicken. Based on this study, among all serotypes, FAdV serotype 11 is involved in pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler-type chickens in India.
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22
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Niczyporuk JS, Kozdrun W, Czekaj H, Piekarska K, Stys-Fijol N. Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06225. [PMID: 33665417 PMCID: PMC7903317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus strains were isolated from the internal organs of 3-wk-old broiler flocks exhibited clinical signs associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated strains were molecularly characterised and sequencing revealed three distinct clusters. One cluster showed close proximity at the nucleotide level with adenovirus type/species - 6/E, 7/E, 8a/E, and 8b/E. The second cluster contained five reference sequences belonging to the species FAdV-D and E. A third cluster contained one field and four reference sequences belonging to the FAdV-5/B, FAdV-4/C, FAdV-2/D, and FAdV-1/A type/species respectively. The heterogenicity, Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU), codon composition, and nucleotide frequencies were examined. Statistical analyses, were carried out. The maximum likelihoods for the examined sequences were estimated. The data indicated that correlation between isolated of adenovirus type/species 5/B, and E in Poland have been presented. Indicated adenovirus types and their combinations with locally circulating FAdVs strains could have implications for current detection methods and pathogenicity on infected chickens.
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23
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An optimized secretory expression system and immunogenicity evaluation for glycosylated gp90 of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:133. [PMID: 33076991 PMCID: PMC7574338 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticuloendotheliosis is an important immunosuppressive disease, associated with avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection, and causes notable economic losses worldwide. Glycoprotein gp90 is an important structural protein of REV, and considered to be the most important immunogenic antigen, which can induce neutralizing antibodies against REV. In this study, an optimized suspension culture system was developed and applied to secretory express the immunogenic surface antigen gp90. To achieve an optimal glycosylation, the gp90 was designed to secretory expressed into the supernatant of the cell culture, which also occurs in the natural protein maturation procedure of REV. Serum-free culture medium was introduced to simplify the purification process and reduce the production costs. Based on the purified glycosylated gp90, an oil-emulsion subunit REV vaccine candidate was developed and evaluated in chickens. The subunit gp90-based vaccine induced fast immune responses, high levels of antibodies (REV-specific antibody, gp90-specific antibody, and neutralizing antibody against REV), and preferential T helper 2 (Th2) (interleukin-4 secretion) not Th1 (interferon-γ secretion) response. Furthermore, the viremia induced by REV infection was significantly reduced in chickens immunized with the glycosylated gp90. Overall, an optimized secretory expression system for glycosylated gp90 was developed, and the glycosylated gp90 obtained in this study retained good immunogenicity and could be an attractive vaccine candidate to protect chickens against REV horizonal infection.
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Li H, Zhang F, Tan M, Zeng Y, Yang Q, Tan J, Huang J, Huang Y, Kang Z. Research Note: A putative novel subtype of the avian hepatitis E virus of genotype 3, Jiangxi province, China. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6657-6663. [PMID: 33248582 PMCID: PMC7705056 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been widely spread in China, causing huge economic losses. Several studies have carried out detailed epidemiologic investigations of the avian HEV, but no data were from Jiangxi province. Since early April 2020, diseases similar to hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome caused by the avian HEV occurred in a Roman Brown layer farm in Jiangxi province, indicating this virus may also be epidemic there. To make this assumption clear, 20 liver samples were collected from the sick flock and then analyzed by detailed viral detection, which confirmed that the avian HEV should be responsible for the aforementioned disease (6 of 20). Then, the capsid gene of the virus was sequenced to show the molecular characteristics of the strain circulating in the aforementioned flock. Sequence comparison showed that it shared 80.7 to 94.7% identities with 12 published strains, while phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belongs to a new subtype of genotype 3. Moreover, basing on a 242 bp fragment, the novel also shared high similarities to reference strains identified as genotypes before, revealing the genotype 3 maybe very popular in China and even can be divided into several subgroups. In conclusion, a novel avian HEV strain was identified in this study, which belongs to a new subtype of genotype 3. The analysis makes up for the molecular epidemiologic data of avian HEV and provides a basis for further understanding the spread of avian HEV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
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Mei C, Xian H, Blackall PJ, Hu W, Zhang X, Wang H. Concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus in layer chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6525-6532. [PMID: 33248567 PMCID: PMC7704954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza–like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is reported. The primary signs of the infection were acute respiratory signs, a drop in egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium–hepatitis syndrome–like gross lesions. Laboratory examination confirmed the presence of A. paragallinarum by bacterial isolation and a species-specific PCR test. In addition, conventional serotyping identified the isolates as Page serovar A. Fowl adenovirus was isolated from chicken liver specimen and identified by hexon gene amplification. In addition, histopathologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination further confirmed the presence of the virus. Both hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis defined the viral isolate as FAdV-4. The pathogenic role of A. paragallinarum and FAdV was evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The challenge trial showed that combined A. paragallinarum and FAdV infection resulted in more severe clinical signs than that by FAdV infection alone. The concurrent infection caused 50% mortality compared with 40% mortality by FAdV infection alone and zero mortality by A. paragallinarum infection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. paragallinarum coinfection with FAdV. The case implies that concurrent infections with these 2 agents do occur and more attention should be given to the potential of multiple agents during disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - P J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Wei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China.
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26
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Li X, Zhang K, Pei Y, Xue J, Ruan S, Zhang G. Development and Application of an MRT-qPCR Assay for Detecting Coinfection of Six Vertically Transmitted or Immunosuppressive Avian Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1581. [PMID: 32765453 PMCID: PMC7379340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), avian reovirus (ARV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) are important causes of disease in poultry. To investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in China, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (MRT-qPCR) assay in the study. A series of validation tests confirmed that the MRT-qPCR assay has high specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. As for six detected pathogens, CIAV had the highest detection ratio, while ARV was not detected in any samples. In the spleen samples, the coinfection rate for MDV and CIAV was 1.6%, and that for REV and CIAV was 0.4%. In the bursa samples, the coinfection rate for FAdV and CIAV was 0.3%, and that for IBDV and CIAV was 1%. In the thymus samples, the coinfection rates for MDV and CIAV and for REV and CIAV were both 0.8%. Our study indicates that the coinfection of these viruses was existing in chickens in China. Through the detection of clinical samples, this study provides data on the coinfections of the above six pathogens and provides a basis for the further study of viral coinfection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Keran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sifan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Oh SI, Do YJ, Kim E, Yi SW, Yoo JG. Prevalence of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in Korean layer farms and the presence of avian pathogens in the mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:223-238. [PMID: 32435982 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a blood-feeding parasite of layer hens and a potential vector of several avian infectious agents. High infestation with D. gallinae in layer farm buildings could result in economic losses, and the mites may act as a reservoir of avian pathogens within farms. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of D. gallinae in layer farm buildings in Korea and to investigate avian pathogens in the collected mites. The mite samples were collected from 36 Korean layer farm buildings on 21 farms nationwide. Information obtained from each farm building included the flock size, flock age, methods for controlling D. gallinae, and cleaning status. Association between these variables and the population density of D. gallinae was analyzed. Additionally, the presence of 10 avian pathogens was assessed using DNA samples from mites collected in 16 farm buildings. The prevalence of D. gallinae was 75% at the farm building level (90.5% at the farm level). Repetitive cleaning procedures for each building were significantly related with the mite infestation level, and the most influential factor for determining the mite population in the layer farm buildings. In the 16 DNA samples, we detected avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (n = 6), wild-type fowlpox virus (n = 3), wild-type Marek's disease virus (n = 2), chicken anemia virus (n = 1), and fowl adenovirus (n = 1). These findings suggest that repetitive cleaning procedures for the layer farm buildings could decrease the numbers of D. gallinae which may transmit avian pathogens within the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Yi
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Hu F, Li Y, Yu K, Ma X, Liu C, Guo X, Song M, Wu J, Huang B. Proteome analysis of reticuloendotheliosis-virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells through iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2995-3006. [PMID: 31576460 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an important representative avian retrovirus. To improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of REV infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect changes in protein levels in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEFs) that were infected with REV or mock infected. In total, 605 cellular proteins were differentially expressed, among which 196, 345, and 286 were differentially expressed in REV-infected CEFs at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological processes of the differentially expressed proteins were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, response to stimulus, and immune system processes and that the molecular functions in which the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved were binding, catalytic activity, and enzyme regulator activity. Pathway analysis showed that a total of 143, 167, and 179 pathways, including protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptors, and JAK-STAT signaling, were enriched in REV-infected CEFs at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection, respectively. In conclusion, this study is the first to analyze the protein profile of REV-infected CEFs using an iTRAQ approach. The results of this study provide valuable information for better understanding the host response to REV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Kexiang Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Cunxia Liu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Minxun Song
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88, East Culture Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
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29
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Niu Y, Sun Q, Shi Y, Ding Y, Li Z, Sun Y, Li M, Liu S. Immunosuppressive potential of fowl adenovirus serotype 4. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3514-3522. [PMID: 30993349 PMCID: PMC7107307 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome. To clarify the effects of FAdV-4 on immune organs in birds, we conducted a detailed examination of dynamic morphology and damage mechanisms in chickens randomly divided into 4 groups (FAdV-4, vaccination, FAdV-4 plus vaccination, and control). FAdV-4 caused the depletion of lymphocytes and subsequent growth impairment in the thymus and bursa. Chickens infected with FAdV-4 and subjected to vaccination experienced greater inhibition of antibody responses to inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease and avian influenza virus subtype H9 than uninfected and vaccinated chickens. The mechanisms underlying adenovirus-mediated lymphoid organ damage were further investigated via transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and apoptotic genes transcription analyses. Notably, lymphocytes apoptosis in lymphoid organs and expression of specific gene transcripts was significantly upregulated after infection (P < 0.05). Furthermore, increased expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA was observed (P < 0.05), compared to the control group. Our collective findings suggested that FAdV-4 caused structural and functional damage of immune organs via apoptosis along with induction of a severe inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Niu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Qinqin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yuanchao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Meihang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018, China
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30
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Yu G, Lin Y, Dou Y, Tang Y, Diao Y. Prevalence of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 and Co-Infection by Immunosuppressive Viruses in Fowl with Hydropericardium Hepatitis Syndrome in Shandong Province, China. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060517. [PMID: 31195615 PMCID: PMC6631144 DOI: 10.3390/v11060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the pathogenic agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in chickens and ducks, which has caused huge economic losses for the Chinese poultry industry since 2015. In order to objectively determine the prevalence and co-infection status of the virus in Shandong province in China, we analyzed a total of 679 clinical cases of chickens and ducks from 36 farms in the province. The results showed that the FAdV-4 infection rate was 65.2% (443/679), and the rate in breeder ducks was almost two-fold higher than that in breeder chickens (68.57% vs. 34.30%). Notably, co-infection by H9N2 avian influenza virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and/or chicken infectious anemia virus was very common in the 443 FAdV-4-positive cases. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the hexon genes of four Shandong FAdV-4 isolates revealed that these strains clustered into Indian reference strains, indicating that the Shandong FAdV-4 strains might have originated in India. These findings provide the first data on the prevalence and co-infection status of FAdV-4 in Shandong province, which may serve as a foundation for the prevention of FAdV-4 in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanliu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yanguo Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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31
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A New Strategy for the Detection of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Contamination in Attenuated Live Vaccine by Droplet Digital PCR. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2750472. [PMID: 31223613 PMCID: PMC6541982 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2750472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes the atrophy of bone marrow hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in chicks, leading to huge economic losses all over the world. The using of attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV increased the mortality and the pathogenicity of other diseases in many farms. However, it is difficult to detect the CIAV contamination by general detection technology due to the extremely low dose of CIAV in vaccines. In this study, we established a new method called droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) to detect CIAV contamination of vaccines more sensitively and accurately. The lowest detection limitation of this method is 2.4 copies of CIAV plasmid or CIAV contamination at 0.1 EID50/1000 feathers in vaccines without any positive signals of other viruses. Besides, the sensitivity of ddPCR is 100 times greater than that of conventional PCR and 10 times greater than that of real-time PCR. The ddPCR technique is more sensitive and more intuitive. Therefore, it could be valuable for the detection of CIAV contamination in vaccines.
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32
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Niu Y, Sun Q, Liu X, Liu S. Mechanism of fowl adenovirus serotype 4-induced heart damage and formation of pericardial effusion. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1134-1145. [PMID: 30329111 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), which is characterized by the accumulation of a clear, straw-colored fluid in the pericardial sac, and high mortality rates. In order to explore the mechanism of FAdV-4-induced cardiac damage, dynamic pathology, apoptosis, and inflammatory reactions were analyzed in vivo. Moreover, we detected viral proliferation, and ultrastructure, inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (CM) after FAdV-4 infection in vitro. The results showed that FAdV-4 impaired cardiac integrity and function by causing apoptosis and inflammation in vivo. Flow cytometry showed that CM infected with FAdV-4 did not show apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the mRNA expression of four inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (il)1B, il6, il8, and tumor necrosis factor), and activity of three myocardial enzymes were significantly different between FAdV-4 and control groups. However, in vitro, these indexes showed no significant difference between the groups. These observations collectively indicated that the heart was not the target organ of FAdV-4, and the virus may not directly lead to the occurrence of CM apoptosis and inflammation. To explore the source of pericardial effusion, we measured total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, sodium, and chloride ions in serum and pericardial effusion. Pericardial effusion was derived from vascular exudation rather than CM degeneration. Further studies are needed to investigate the exudation mechanism of vascular endothelial cells in FAdV-4 infection then weakened or eliminated pericardial effusion to minimize heart injury and/or restore damaged CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Niu
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Qinqin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xingpo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
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33
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Su Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Epidemiological investigation of the novel genotype avian hepatitis E virus and co-infected immunosuppressive viruses in farms with hepatic rupture haemorrhage syndrome, recently emerged in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:776-784. [PMID: 30484967 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since 2016, hepatic rupture haemorrhage syndrome (HRHS) appeared in chickens of China and caused huge economic loss. To assess the infection status of the avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) and co-infected viruses, including avian leukosis virus (ALV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), fowl adenovirus (FAdV), and chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV), in farms with HRHS, 180 liver samples were collected from 24 farms in different provinces and detected by strict molecular virology methods. Results showed that the positive rates of HEV, ALV, REV, FAdV, and CIAV were 74.44%, 20.00%, 27.78%, 31.11%, and 12.22%, respectively, whereas there are also 112 samples with co-infection, for a rate of 58%. Meanwhile, the positive rate of HEV decreased gradually with age; the lowest positive rate of ALV (5.76%) and REV (19.23%) appeared in 25-35 weeks age, during which the positive rate of CIAV was the highest (19.23%); the positive rate of HEV in layers (64.00%) was lower than that of broilers (83.33%), but the positive rates of ALV (38.46%) and CIAV (15.38%) in layers were higher than that of broilers (5.88%, 9.80%); the positive rates of HEV (75.88%) and CIAV (15.60%) in parental generation (PG) were higher than that of commodity generation (CG, 64.10%, 0.00%), whereas the positive rate of ALV showed inverse relationship (PG: 14.89%; CG: 38.46%). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that all the avian HEV identified this study belong to a novel genotype, and found the close relationship between the wild strains (REV and CIAV) and corresponding isolates from contaminated vaccine. The data presented in this report will enhance the current understanding of the epidemiology characteristics in farms with HRHS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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34
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Redondo H, Fragoso JS, Tahala MA, Bensassi Y, Gil I, Elbachir E, Rodríguez MJ, Abad Moreno JC. Characterization of strain of fowl adenoviruses circulating in Morocco. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4057-4062. [PMID: 29982730 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of fowl with adenoviruses raises concerns for poultry production, thus making the detection of adenovirus infection crucial. Fowl adenovirus is the causal agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and other avian syndromes that affect the production; since the epidemiological point of view it is important to differentiate the serotype of the virus. Between September 2016 and February 2017 several cases of IBH in broiler flocks were reported in Morocco. Molecular detection of the fowl adenovirus and sequencing also allowed determining the strain of the virus. The strain detected was identified as fowl adenovirus closely related to serotype 11 and 8a based on nucleotide sequence analyses of hexon gene loop 1. This is the first time that FadV has been detected in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Redondo
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Ait Tahala
- Cabinet veterinaire Al Houria, Boulevard de la liberté, 83350 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Younous Bensassi
- MSD Animal Health, Boulevard Zerektouni, 20601 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Irene Gil
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erraji Elbachir
- Cabinet veterinaire Tiznit, Boulevard Mohammed Elfhadi, 85000 Tiznit, Morocco
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35
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Su Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Meng F, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Characterization of the novel genotype avian hepatitis E viruses from outbreaks of hepatic rupture haemorrhage syndrome in different geographical regions of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:2017-2026. [PMID: 30086212 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since 2016, hepatic rupture haemorrhage syndrome (HRHS) has emerged in layer and broiler breeder hens in several provinces of China, and novel genotype avian hepatitis E viruses were detected from these chickens. To gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the novel avian HEV strain, the capsid gene of four isolates from birds at four farms experiencing HRHS in different geographical regions were determined and compared with those of reported pathogenic and nonpathogenic avian HEV isolates as well as mammalian HEVs. Results showed that all those isolates share 80.1%-88.2% nucleotide sequence identity and 89.3%-91.9% amino acid sequence identity with other published avian HEV strains, while phylogenetic analysis further demonstrate that a novel genotype avian HEV was epidemic in China. Meanwhile, sequence analysis revealed that those novel isolates contain various amino acid mutations and even a hypervariable region in their major antigenic domains, which might be the critical factors for the pathogenicity elevation and even change their antigenicity. The data presented in this report will enhance the current understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of the novel genotype avian HEV in China and provide additional insight into the critical factors that determine the pathogenicity of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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36
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Su Q, Li Y, Meng F, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome in chickens caused by a novel genotype avian hepatitis E virus. Vet Microbiol 2018; 222:91-97. [PMID: 30080679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since 2016, severe outbreaks of hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome (HRHS) have emerged in chickens in several Chinese provinces and caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry, but the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of it has remained unclear. This study sequenced the partial helicase and capsid gene of the potentially novel avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from chickens with HRHS and tested the pathogenicity of it on SPF chicks, while the appearance of clinical signs, histopathological changes, viral distribution, viremia and viral shedding were monitored for 14 days post-infection (dpi). Analysis revealed that the HRHS related avian HEV belongs to a novel genotype, and infected chicks developed the typical symptoms of HRHS. Thus, this study successfully developed an experimental infection model for studying the pathogenicity and role of the novel avian HEV in HRHS. Meanwhile, the novel avian HEV mainly existed in the liver and spleen, inducing a rapid viremia and chronic viral shedding in infected chicks, and could cause 40% mortality before 14 dpi. In conclusion, this study found the novel genotype avian HEV and confirmed its role in HRHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Street, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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