1
|
Gholami M, Shirzadi H, Taherpour K, Rahmatnejad E, Shokri A, Khatibjoo A. Effect of emulsifier on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1437. [PMID: 38555574 PMCID: PMC10981915 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study hypothesizes that a natural multicomponent emulsifier (Lipidol) could improve production performance in broiler chickens by aiding lipid digestion and addressing digestive system limitations. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary emulsifier inclusion on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. METHODS The experiment involved 144 one-day-old male broiler chickens split into 4 treatments. Four diets were used: standard metabolizable energy (ME) as a control diet and three low-ME diets, reducing by 100 kcal/kg by adding 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of exogenous emulsifier (Em). RESULTS No significant differences were observed in body weight gain and feed intake. However, during the finisher period (25-42 days), supplementation emulsifier to low-ME diets notably improved feed efficiency. Although crude protein, organic matter and ash digestibility remained unaffected, dry matter (DM) digestibility significantly increased in broilers fed low-ME diets with emulsifier. Broilers receiving 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier showed the highest villus width and surface area values. Moreover, including 1.5 g/kg of emulsifier led to the highest villus height to crypt depth ratio. Faecal microbiota, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Emulsifier supplementation compensated for the energy reduction and enhanced performance, DM digestibility and some intestinal morphology parameters in broiler chickens fed low-ME diet. Using 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier per 100 kcal of ME reduction in broiler diets is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Enayat Rahmatnejad
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran
| | - Alinaghi Shokri
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Ali Khatibjoo
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oketch EO, Wickramasuriya SS, Oh S, Choi JS, Heo JM. Physiology of lipid digestion and absorption in poultry: An updated review on the supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1429-1443. [PMID: 37435748 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a concentrated source of energy with at least twice as much energy as the same amount of carbohydrates and protein. Dietary lipids provide a practical alternative toward increasing the dietary energy density of feeds for high-performing modern broilers. However, the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids are much more complex than that of the other macronutrients. In addition, young birds are physiologically limited in their capacity to utilise dietary fats and oils effectively. The use of dietary emulsifiers as one of the strategies aimed at improving fat utilisation has been reported to elicit several physiological responses including improved fat digestibility and growth performance. In practical terms, this allows for the incorporation of lipids into lower-energy diets without compromising broiler performance. Such an approach may potentially lower feed costs and raise revenue gains. The current review revisits lipids and the different roles that they perform in diets and whole-body metabolism. Additional information on the process of dietary lipid digestion and absorption in poultry; and the physiological limitation brought about by age on lipid utilisation in the avian gastrointestinal tract have been discussed. Subsequently, the physiological responses resulting from the dietary supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers as a strategy for improved lipid utilisation in broiler nutrition are appraised. Suggestions of nascent areas for a better understanding of exogenous emulsifiers have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah O Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Samiru S Wickramasuriya
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Seung Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Dietary Lysophospholipid Inclusion on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization, and Blood Metabolites of Finishing Beef Cattle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081486. [PMID: 36009204 PMCID: PMC9404894 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with lysophospholipids (LPLs) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites of finishing beef cattle. In total, 40 Angus beef bulls were blocked for body weight (447 ± 9.64 kg) and age (420 ± 6.1 days) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments (10 beef cattle per treatment): (1) control (CON; basal diet); (2) LLPL (CON supplemented with 0.012% dietary LPL, dry matter (DM) basis); (3) MLPL (CON supplemented with 0.024% dietary LPL, DM basis); and (4) HLPL (CON supplemented with 0.048% dietary LPLs, DM basis). The results showed that dietary supplementation with LPLs linearly increased the average daily gain (p < 0.01), digestibility of DM (p < 0.01), crude protein (p < 0.01), and ether extract (p < 0.01) and decreased the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). A linear increase in N retention (p = 0.01) and a decrease in urinary (p = 0.04) and fecal N (p = 0.02) levels were observed with increasing the supplemental doses of LPLs. Bulls fed LPLs showed a linear increase in glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.04) and hepatic lipase (p < 0.01) activity and a decrease in cholesterol (p < 0.01), triglyceride (p < 0.01), and malondialdehyde (p < 0.01) levels. In conclusion, supplementation with LPLs has the potential to improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant status of beef cattle.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hoque MR, Park JH, Kim IH. Evaluation of adding sodium stearoyl-2-Lactylate to energy-reduced diets on broilers’ development, nutritional digestibility, bacterial count in the excreta, and serum lipid profiles. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2035261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Raihanul Hoque
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Zhang S, Zhao X, Shi S. Evaluation of a Lecithin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Lipid Metabolism, and Cecum Microbiota of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092537. [PMID: 34573503 PMCID: PMC8465824 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lecithin can not only provide energy to animals but also serves as an emulsifier and has the potential to enhance the utilization of dietary fat by animals. Thus, there is a need to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the positive effect in broilers. The present feeding trial aims to evaluate the effect of lecithin on broilers’ performance, meat quality, lipid metabolism, and cecum microbiota. The obtained results revealed significant improvements in broiler meat quality resulting from the lipid metabolism and microbiota that were affected by lecithin treatment. Consequently, it could be used in broilers’ diets for the aim of meat quality improvement. Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lecithin on the performance, meat quality, lipid metabolism, and cecum microbiota of broilers. One hundred and ninety-two one-day-old AA broilers with similar body weights (38 ± 1.0 g) were randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of sixteen birds each and were supplemented with 0 and 1 g/kg of lecithin for forty-two days. Performance and clinical observations were measured and recorded throughout the study. Relative organ weight, meat quality, lipid-related biochemical parameters and enzyme activities were also measured. Compared with broilers in the control group, broilers in the lecithin treatment group showed a significant increase in L* value and tenderness (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the abdominal adipose index of broilers was markedly decreased in lecithin treatment after 42 days (p < 0.05). In the lipid metabolism, broilers in the lecithin treatment group showed a significant increase in hepatic lipase and general esterase values at 21 days compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Lower Firmicutes and higher Bacteroidetes levels in phylum levels were observed in the lecithin treatment group after 21 and 42 days. The distribution of lactobacillus, clostridia, and rikenella in genus levels were higher in the lecithin treatment group after 21 and 42 days. No statistically significant changes were observed in performance, relative organ weight, or other serum parameters (p > 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation with lecithin significantly influence the lipid metabolism in broilers at 21 and 42 days, which resulted in the positive effect on the meat color, tenderness, and abdominal adipose in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Shen
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
- Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
- Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
- Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
- Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225125, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wickramasuriya SS, Macelline SP, Cho HM, Hong JS, Park SH, Heo JM. Physiological Effects of a Tallow-Incorporated Diet Supplemented With an Emulsifier and Microbial Lipases on Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583998. [PMID: 33195607 PMCID: PMC7536262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary emulsifiers and lipase supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, intestinal organ weight, gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, carcass measurements, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 384, 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 replications per treatment and 8 birds per cage. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for Ross 308 specifications. Beef tallow used as the fat source in all diets. Dietary treatments were as follows, (1) positive control (PC; energy sufficient diet); (2) negative control (NC; energy deficient,−100 ME, kcal/kg); (3) NC+POL (0.1%, Polysorbate-20); (4) NC+CET (0.1%, Ceteth-20); (5) NC+POL+TLL (0.1%, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase); (6) NC+POL+CRL (0.1%, Candida rugosa lipases); (7) NC+CET+CRL and (8) NC+LL (0.05%, Lysolecithin). Growth performances were measured weekly. One bird per pen was selected and sacrificed to collect blood, ileal digesta, jejunum sample, viscera organ weight, and meat samples on day 21 and 35. Results revealed that birds fed NC+POL+CRL diet had higher (P < 0.05) body weight, weight gain, and the improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency compared to birds fed other low energy diets, and the effect was more prominent at the grower phase from day 21 to 35. Similarly, higher (P < 0.05) villi height and lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth commensurate with higher (P < 0.05) V:C ratio were observed with the broiler chickens fed NC+POL+CRL diet compared to broiler chickens fed NC diet on day 21 and 35. Moreover, broiler chickens fed NC+POL+CRL diet showed improved fat and energy digestibility compared NC diet counterpart on day 35. This study, therefore indicated that Polysorbate-20 together with Candida rugosa lipases had promising ability to improve growth performance of broiler chickens fed with low energy diet and curtail the growth depression without affecting blood metabolites, carcass, and visceral organs weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elmén L, Zlamal JE, Scott DA, Lee RB, Chen DJ, Colas AR, Rodionov DA, Peterson SN. Dietary Emulsifier Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate Alters Gut Microbiota in vitro and Inhibits Bacterial Butyrate Producers. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:892. [PMID: 32499766 PMCID: PMC7243350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary emulsifiers are widely used in industrially processed foods, although the effects of these food additives on human gut microbiota are not well studied. Here, we investigated the effects of five different emulsifiers [glycerol monoacetate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monooleate, propylene glycol monostearate, and sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL)] on fecal microbiota in vitro. We found that 0.025% (w/v) of SSL reduced the relative abundance of the bacterial class Clostridia and others. The relative abundance of the families Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae was substantially reduced whereas that of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae was increased. Given the marked impact of SSL on Clostridia, we used genome reconstruction to predict community-wide production of short-chain fatty acids, which were experimentally assessed by GC-MS analysis. SSL significantly reduced concentrations of butyrate, and increased concentrations of propionate compared to control cultures. The presence of SSL increased lipopolysaccharide, LPS and flagellin in cultured communities, thereby enhancing the proinflammatory potential of SSL-selected bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elmén
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jaime E Zlamal
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Scott
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ryan B Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J Chen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wickramasuriya SS, Cho HM, Macelline SP, Kim E, Shin TK, Yi YJ, Park SH, Lee KB, Heo JM. Effect of calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and lipase supplementation on growth performance, gut health, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:981-991. [PMID: 32054203 PMCID: PMC7206371 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate (CSL) performance as an exogenous emulsifier together with lipase for broiler diets. Methods In total, 252 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to give 6 replications per treatment with 7 birds in each cage. There were six dietary treatments representing a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisted of two energy levels (standard energy [positive control, PC] and −100 kcal/kg of the requirement level [negative control, NC]) and three dietary treatments (without additives [CON], CON+CSL [CSL], and CON+CSL+lipase [CSL-Lipase]). Corn and soybean meal-based experimental diets containing vegetable oil were formulated. Growth performance, blood parameters, visceral organ weights, ileal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and cytokine gene expression were measured. Results Birds fed a diet including CSL increased (p<0.05) lipase level in blood compared to birds fed a diet including CSL-Lipase on day 21. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) liver weight was observed in birds fed a diet including either CSL or CSL-Lipase on day 21. Birds fed NC diet with CSL improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility compared to the NC diet on day 21. However, birds fed a diet supplemented with CSL or CSL-Lipase did not affect (p>0.05) the weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal morphology, and cytokine concentrations during the experiment period, regardless of dietary energy levels. Conclusion Our results indicated that CSL has a role in improving nutrient digestibility in young birds when supplemented to a corn-soybean meal based broiler diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyun Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Joo Yi
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Bon Lee
- Deaprtment of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahid I, Sharif M, Yousaf M, Ahmad F, Anwar U, Ali A, Hussain M, Rahman MA. Emulsifier Supplementation Response in Ross 308 Broilers at 1-10 Days. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Shahid
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Sharif
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Yousaf
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - F Ahmad
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - U Anwar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|