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Li SJ, Zhang G, Xue B, Ding Q, Han L, Huang JC, Wu F, Li C, Yang C. Toxicity and detoxification of T-2 toxin in poultry. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113392. [PMID: 36044934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the updated knowledge on the toxicity of T-2 on poultry, followed by potential strategies for detoxification of T-2 in poultry diet. The toxic effects of T-2 on poultry include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolism modulation, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. Cytotoxicity is the primary toxicity of T-2, characterized by inhibiting protein and nucleic acid synthesis, altering the cell cycle, inducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis, which lead to damages of immune organs, liver, digestive tract, bone, kidney, etc., resulting in pathological changes and impaired physiological functions of these organs. Glutathione redox system, superoxide dismutase, catalase and autophagy are protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and apoptosis, and can compensate the pathological changes and physiological functions impaired by T-2 to some degree. T-2 detoxifying agents for poultry feeds include adsorbing agents (e.g., aluminosilicate-based clays and microbial cell wall), biotransforming agents (e.g., Eubacterium sp. BBSH 797 strain), and indirect detoxifying agents (e.g., plant-derived antioxidants). These T-2 detoxifying agents could alleviate different pathological changes to different degrees, and multi-component T-2 detoxifying agents can likely provide more comprehensive protection against the toxicity of T-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Li
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China.
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Qiaoling Ding
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Jian-Chu Huang
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Chonggao Li
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Chunmin Yang
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China.
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Park HR, Sun R, Panganiban RA, Christiani DC, Lu Q. MicroRNA-124 Reduces Arsenic-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Neurotoxicity and is Linked with Neurodevelopment in Children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5934. [PMID: 32246005 PMCID: PMC7125130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure adversely affects neurodevelopment in children. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in cells exposed to As leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, which, if not relieved, results in cell death. Despite the potential role of ER stress for As-induced neurotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we aimed to investigate the roles of microRNA(miR)-124, a novel ER stress suppressor, in As-induced ER stress response and cytotoxicity in neural cells. We further aimed to link these in vitro findings to neurodevelopmental outcomes in children who were exposed to As. Using Quantitative RT-PCR and Cyquant assay, we showed that miR-124 protects against As-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells with concomitant suppression of As-induced ER stress. In addition, As-induced cytotoxicity was exacerbated in miR-124 knockout cells generated by CRISPR-based gene editing compared scramble control. Furthermore, we identified two miR-124 SNPs rs67543816 (p = 0.0003) and rs35418153 (p = 0.0004) that are significantly associated with a mental composite score calculated from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III in Bangladesh children. Our study reveals As-induced ER stress as a crucial mechanism underlying the toxic effects of As on neural cell function and neurodevelopment and identifies miR-124 as a potential preventative and therapeutic target against detrimental effects of As exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryung Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health, and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ronald A Panganiban
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health, and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health, and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health, and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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Zeng D, Lin Z, Zeng Z, Fang B, Li M, Cheng YH, Sun Y. Assessing Global Human Exposure to T-2 Toxin via Poultry Meat Consumption Using a Lifetime Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1563-1571. [PMID: 30633497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Residue depletion of T-2 toxin in chickens after oral gavage at 2.0 mg/kg twice daily for 2 days was determined in this study. A flow-limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for lifetime exposure assessment in chickens. The model was calibrated with data from the residue depletion study and then validated with independent data. A local sensitivity analysis was performed, and 16 sensitive parameters were subjected to Monte Carlo analysis. The population PBPK model was applied to estimate daily intake values of T-2 toxin in different countries based on reported consumption factors and the guidance value of 0.25 mg/kg in feed for chickens by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The predicted daily intakes in different countries were all lower than the EFSA's total daily intake, suggesting that the EFSA's guidance value has minimal risk. This model provides a foundation for scaling to other mycotoxins and other food animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Binghu Fang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Cheng
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Yongxue Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Leal M, González de Mejía E. Revisión: Implicaciones toxicológicas y nutricionales de la toxina T-2 / Review: Toxicological and nutritional implications of T-2 toxin. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108201329700300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by species of the genus Fusarium. These toxins are associated with health problems in humans and animals. The most common trichothecenes in cereals are deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol and T-2 toxin; the latter is the most widely studied because it is easy to produce in the laboratory. The effects of T-2 toxicosis include dermatonecrosis, reduced body weight and efficiency of food utilization, severe diarrhoea, haemorrhage, necrosis of the upper alimentary tract, anaemia, immuno suppression ; and in birds, poor feathering. This paper reviews the latest information about the occurrence, chemical characteristics, toxicity, metabolic alterations, biotransformation and detoxifi cation methods of the T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leal
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado Postal 2-29, Querétaro, Qro. 76020 México
| | - E. González de Mejía
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Facultad de Química. Centro Universitario. Cerro de las Campanas. Querétaro, Qro. 76049 México
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Fusariotoxins in Avian Species: Toxicokinetics, Metabolism and Persistence in Tissues. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2289-305. [PMID: 26110506 PMCID: PMC4488703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusariotoxins are mycotoxins produced by different species of the genus Fusarium whose occurrence and toxicity vary considerably. Despite the fact avian species are highly exposed to fusariotoxins, the avian species are considered as resistant to their toxic effects, partly because of low absorption and rapid elimination, thereby reducing the risk of persistence of residues in tissues destined for human consumption. This review focuses on the main fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 and B2. The key parameters used in the toxicokinetic studies are presented along with the factors responsible for their variations. Then, each toxin is analyzed separately. Results of studies conducted with radiolabelled toxins are compared with the more recent data obtained with HPLC/MS-MS detection. The metabolic pathways of deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone are described, with attention paid to the differences among the avian species. Although no metabolite of fumonisins has been reported in avian species, some differences in toxicokinetics have been observed. All the data reviewed suggest that the toxicokinetics of fusariotoxins in avian species differs from those in mammals, and that variations among the avian species themselves should be assessed.
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Horvatovich K, Hafner D, Bodnár Z, Berta G, Hancz C, Dutton M, Kovács M. Dose-related genotoxic effect of T-2 toxin measured by comet assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy pigs. Acta Vet Hung 2013; 61:175-86. [PMID: 23661386 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most acutely toxic trichothecene mycotoxin: it inhibits protein, DNA and RNA synthesis. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the rate of DNA damage caused by T-2 toxin in porcine mononuclear cells in increasing concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μmol) and after two different incubation periods (24 and 42 h). The lowest concentration caused DNA damage and about 50% of the treated cells could be categorised as having 1 to 4 scores in comet assay. In parallel with the increase of T-2 toxin concentration, the frequency of intact lymphocytes decreased from 50.2% (0.1 μM) to 36.3% (1.0 μM) in the first 24 h. In case of score 3, the highest concentration of T-2 toxin resulted in a 5-fold change, as compared to the lowest dose. Cells with score 4 were found only after exposure to 1.0 μM T-2 toxin. The exposure time did not have a significant effect on the results, while concentration did (P < 0.0001). However, a significant interaction between concentration and time as fixed factors (P < 0.0001) was found. When these were combined as a single factor, the results showed a significant toxin treatment effect on the results. It was concluded that a time- and dose-dependent DNA damaging effect of T-2 toxin could be demonstrated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy pigs by comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Horvatovich
- 1 Kaposvár University Department of Animal Physiology and Hygiene Guba S. u. 40 H-7400 Kaposvár Hungary
| | - Dóra Hafner
- 1 Kaposvár University Department of Animal Physiology and Hygiene Guba S. u. 40 H-7400 Kaposvár Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bodnár
- 1 Kaposvár University Department of Animal Physiology and Hygiene Guba S. u. 40 H-7400 Kaposvár Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- 3 University of Pécs Department of Medical Biology Pécs Hungary
| | - Csaba Hancz
- 1 Kaposvár University Department of Animal Physiology and Hygiene Guba S. u. 40 H-7400 Kaposvár Hungary
| | - Mike Dutton
- 4 University of Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus Doornfontein, Gauteng South Africa
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Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Sokolovic M, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Ramic S, Simpraga B. Chicken nucleated blood cells as a cellular model for genotoxicity testing using the comet assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2165-70. [PMID: 17618029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins can frequently occur in animal feed and human food. T-2 toxin, as the most toxic trichothecene, has been implicated as the causative agent in a variety of animal diseases and is associated with some human diseases. The comet assay was performed as a test for detection of DNA damage caused by T-2 toxin in peripheral blood cells of chicken. The suitability of the comet assay as a biomarker for genotoxic analysis has been applied in studies using human white blood cells. It can be applied to any tissue from which a single cell suspension can be obtained. The method has already been applied to chicken as a foodstuff for detection of irradiation of food containing DNA. However, application of the method on chicken blood cells has not been set up yet. The aim of this research was to develop a protocol for detection of DNA damage induced by T-2 toxin in chicken blood cells. Chickens were administered orally with T-2 toxin and the samples of whole blood were collected at 24 h post treatment. The DNA damage was determined by an increase in the comet parameters in tested animals. Our results show that T-2 toxin had induced significant DNA damage in treated chicken as compared with control animals, indicating that the assay can be used for the assessment of primary DNA damage caused by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sokolovic
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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