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Önal Acet B, Gül D, Stauber RH, Odabaşı M, Acet Ö. A Review for Uncovering the "Protein-Nanoparticle Alliance": Implications of the Protein Corona for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:823. [PMID: 38786780 PMCID: PMC11124003 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding both the physicochemical and biological interactions of nanoparticles is mandatory for the biomedical application of nanomaterials. By binding proteins, nanoparticles acquire new surface identities in biological fluids, the protein corona. Various studies have revealed the dynamic structure and nano-bio interactions of the protein corona. The binding of proteins not only imparts new surface identities to nanoparticles in biological fluids but also significantly influences their bioactivity, stability, and targeting specificity. Interestingly, recent endeavors have been undertaken to harness the potential of the protein corona instead of evading its presence. Exploitation of this 'protein-nanoparticle alliance' has significant potential to change the field of nanomedicine. Here, we present a thorough examination of the latest research on protein corona, encompassing its formation, dynamics, recent developments, and diverse bioapplications. Furthermore, we also aim to explore the interactions at the nano-bio interface, paving the way for innovative strategies to advance the application potential of the protein corona. By addressing challenges and promises in controlling protein corona formation, this review provides insights into the evolving landscape of the 'protein-nanoparticle alliance' and highlights emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Önal Acet
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (B.Ö.A.); (M.O.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Désirée Gül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mehmet Odabaşı
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey; (B.Ö.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Ömür Acet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Vocational School of Health Science, Pharmacy Services Program, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33100, Turkey
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Andrade KCR, Homem-de-Mello M, Motta JA, Borges MG, de Abreu JAC, de Souza PM, Pessoa A, Pappas GJ, de Oliveira Magalhães P. A Structural In Silico Analysis of the Immunogenicity of L-Asparaginase from Penicillium cerradense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4788. [PMID: 38732010 PMCID: PMC11084778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an essential drug used to treat acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a cancer of high prevalence in children. Several adverse reactions associated with L-asparaginase have been observed, mainly caused by immunogenicity and allergenicity. Some strategies have been adopted, such as searching for new microorganisms that produce the enzyme and applying protein engineering. Therefore, this work aimed to elucidate the molecular structure and predict the immunogenic profile of L-asparaginase from Penicillium cerradense, recently revealed as a new fungus of the genus Penicillium and producer of the enzyme, as a motivation to search for alternatives to bacterial L-asparaginase. In the evolutionary relationship, L-asparaginase from P. cerradense closely matches Aspergillus species. Using in silico tools, we characterized the enzyme as a protein fragment of 378 amino acids (39 kDa), including a signal peptide containing 17 amino acids, and the isoelectric point at 5.13. The oligomeric state was predicted to be a homotetramer. Also, this L-asparaginase presented a similar immunogenicity response (T- and B-cell epitopes) compared to Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi enzymes. These results suggest a potentially useful L-asparaginase, with insights that can drive strategies to improve enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Cruvinel Rodrigues Andrade
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (K.C.R.A.)
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- inSiliTox, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Almeida Motta
- inSiliTox, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Borges
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (K.C.R.A.)
| | - Joel Antônio Cordeiro de Abreu
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (K.C.R.A.)
| | - Paula Monteiro de Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (K.C.R.A.)
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Georgios J. Pappas
- Department Cell Biology, Institute Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (K.C.R.A.)
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Jangra N, Kawatra A, Datten B, Gupta S, Gulati P. Recent trends in targeted delivery of smart nanocarrier-based microbial enzymes for therapeutic applications. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103915. [PMID: 38340953 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Smart carrier-based immobilization has widened the use of enzymes for the treatment of several disorders. Large surface areas, tunable morphology, and surface modification ability aid the targeted and controlled release of therapeutic enzymes from such formulations. Smart nanocarriers, such as polymeric carriers, liposomes, and silica have also increased the stability, half-life, and permeability of these enzymes. In this review, summarize recent advances in the smart immobilization of microbial enzymes and their development as precision nanomedicine for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), and wound healing. We also discuss the challenges and measures to be adopted for the successful clinical translation of these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Jangra
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anubhuti Kawatra
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Bharti Datten
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shefali Gupta
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Patial V, Kumar S, Joshi R, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of glutaminase-free L-asparaginases from Himalayan Pseudomonas and Rahnella spp. for acrylamide mitigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128576. [PMID: 38048933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase having low glutaminase activity is important in clinical and food applications. Herein, glutaminase-free L-asparaginase (type I) coding genes from Pseudomonas sp. PCH182 (Ps-ASNase I) and Rahnella sp. PCH162 (Rs-ASNase I) was amplified using gene-specific primers, cloned into a pET-47b(+) vector, and plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli). Further, affinity chromatography purified recombinant proteins to homogeneity with monomer sizes of ~37.0 kDa. Purified Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I were active at wide pHs and temperatures with optimum activity at 50 °C (492 ± 5 U/mg) and 37 °C (308 ± 4 U/mg), respectively. Kinetic constant Km and Vmax for L-asparagine (Asn) were 2.7 ± 0.06 mM and 526.31 ± 4.0 U/mg for Ps-ASNase I, and 4.43 ± 1.06 mM and 434.78 ± 4.0 U/mg for Rs-ASNase I. Circular dichroism study revealed 29.3 % and 24.12 % α-helix structures in Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I, respectively. Upon their evaluation to mitigate acrylamide formation, 43 % and 34 % acrylamide (AA) reduction were achieved after pre-treatment of raw potato slices, consistent with 65 % and 59 % Asn reduction for Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I, respectively. Current findings suggested the potential of less explored intracellular L-asparaginase in AA mitigation for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijeta Patial
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Tripathy RK, Anakha J, Pande AH. Towards development of biobetter: L-asparaginase a case study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130499. [PMID: 37914146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (ASNase) has played a key role in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). As an amidohydrolase, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine, a crucial step in the treatment of ALL. Various ASNase variants have evolved from diverse sources since it was first used in paediatric patients in the 1960s. This review describes the available ASNase and approaches being used to develop ASNase as a biobetter candidate. SCOPE OF REVIEW The review discusses the Glycosylation and PEGylation techniques, which are frequently used to develop biobetter versions of the majority of the therapeutic proteins. Further, it explores current ASNase biobetters in therapeutic use and discusses the protein engineering and chemical modification approaches that were employed to reduce immunogenicity, extend protein half-life, and enhance protease stability of ASNase. Emerging strategies like immobilization and encapsulation are also highlighted as potential pathways for improving ASNase properties. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The purpose of the development of ASNase biobetter is to achieve a novel therapeutic candidate that could improve catalytic efficiency, in vivo stability with minimum glutaminase (GLNase) activity and toxicity. Modification of ASNase by immobilization and encapsulation or by fusion technologies like Albumin fusion, Fc fusion, ELP fusion, XTEN fusion, etc. can be exploited to develop a novel biobetter candidate suitable for therapeutic approaches. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review emphasizes the importance of biobetter development for therapeutic proteins like ASNase. Improved ASNase molecules have the potential to significantly advance the treatment of ALL and have broader implications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Rodrigues Andrade KC, Cordeiro de Abreu JA, Guimarães MB, Abrunhosa LS, Leôncio Rodrigues AL, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Souza PM, Magalhães PO. Heterologous expression of fungal L-asparaginase: a systematic review. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:157-171. [PMID: 37882841 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To review the available literature about heterologous expression of fungal L-asparaginase (L-ASNase). Materials & methods: A search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases; 4172 citations were identified and seven articles were selected. Results: The results showed that heterologous expression of fungal L-ASNase was performed mostly in bacterial expression systems, except for a study that expressed L-ASNase in a yeast system. Only three publications reported the purification and characterization of the enzyme. Conclusion: The information reported in this systematic review can contribute significantly to the recognition of the importance of biotechnological techniques for L-ASNase production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Borges Guimarães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Santos Abrunhosa
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
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Mihooliya KN, Nandal J, Kalidas N, Ashish, Chand S, Verma DK, Bhattacharyya MS, Sahoo DK. Assessment of structural behaviour of a new L-asparaginase and SAXS data-based evidence for catalytic activity in its monomeric form. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126803. [PMID: 37689286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the structural and functional characterization of a new glutaminase-free recombinant L-asparaginase (PrASNase) from Pseudomonas resinovorans IGS-131. PrASNase showed substrate specificity to L-asparagine, and its kinetic parameters, Km, Vmax, and kcat were 9.49 × 10-3 M, 25.13 IUmL-1 min-1, and 3.01 × 103 s-1, respectively. The CD spectra showed that PrASNase consisted of 18.5 % helix, 21.5 % antiparallel sheets, 4.2 % parallel sheets, 14 % turns, and rest other structures. FTIR was used for the functional characterization, and molecular docking predicted that the substrate interacts with serine, alanine, and glutamine in the binding pocket of PrASNase. Differing from known asparaginases, structural characterization by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) unambiguously revealed PrASNase to exist as a monomer in solution at low temperatures and oligomerized to a higher state with temperature rise. Through SAXS studies and enzyme assay, PrASNase was found to be mostly monomer and catalytically active at 37 °C. Furthermore, this glutaminase-free PrASNase showed killing effects against WIL2-S and TF-1.28 cells with IC50 of 7.4 μg.mL-1 and 5.6 μg.mL-1, respectively. This is probably the first report with significant findings of fully active L-asparaginase in monomeric form using SAXS and AUC and demonstrated the potential of PrASNase in inhibiting cancerous cells, making it a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanti N Mihooliya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitender Nandal
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Kalidas
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ashish
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipesh K Verma
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mani S Bhattacharyya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
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Dastmalchi M, Alizadeh M, Jamshidi-Kandjan O, Rezazadeh H, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Farajollahi MM, Dastmalchi S. Expression and Biological Evaluation of an Engineered Recombinant L-asparaginase Designed by In Silico Method Based on Sequence of the Enzyme from Escherichia coli. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:827-836. [PMID: 38022803 PMCID: PMC10676546 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medical usage of L-asparaginase (ASNase), the first-line of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, is linked to allergic responses and toxicities, which necessitates the development of new bio-better ASNases. The aim of the current study was in silico design of a novel ASNase with predicted improved enzymatic properties using strategies encompassing sequence-function analysis of known ASNase mutants. Additionally, current study aimed to show that the new enzyme is active. Methods Based on 21 experimentally reported mutations for ASNase, a virtual library of mutated enzymes with all 7546 possible combinations of up to 4 mutations was generated. Three-dimensional models of proposed mutant enzymes were built and their in silico stabilities were calculated. The most promising mutant was selected for preparing a genetic construct suitable for expression of the designed ASNase in bacterial cells. Results Computational study predicted that Y176F/S241C double mutation of Escherichia coli ASNase may increase its folding stability. The designed ASNase was expressed in two different E. coli strains (Origami B(DE3) and BL21(DE3)pLysS) and then the soluble fractions prepared from the cell lysates of the host cells were used in enzyme activity assay. Results showed that enzyme activity of soluble fraction from Origami (95.4 ± 7.5 IU/0.1 mL) was four times higher than that of soluble fraction from pLysS (25.8 ± 2.5 IU/0.1 mL). Conclusion A novel functional double mutant ASNase with predicted improved enzymatic properties was designed and produced in E. coli. The results of the current study suggest a great commercial potential for the identified enzyme in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Dastmalchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Jamshidi-Kandjan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezazadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
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Shishparenok AN, Gladilina YA, Zhdanov DD. Engineering and Expression Strategies for Optimization of L-Asparaginase Development and Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15220. [PMID: 37894901 PMCID: PMC10607044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering for heterologous expression has advanced in recent years. Model systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris are often used as host microorganisms for the enzymatic production of L-asparaginase, an enzyme widely used in the clinic for the treatment of leukemia and in bakeries for the reduction of acrylamide. Newly developed recombinant L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) may have a low affinity for asparagine, reduced catalytic activity, low stability, and increased glutaminase activity or immunogenicity. Some successful commercial preparations of L-ASNase are now available. Therefore, obtaining novel L-ASNases with improved properties suitable for food or clinical applications remains a challenge. The combination of rational design and/or directed evolution and heterologous expression has been used to create enzymes with desired characteristics. Computer design, combined with other methods, could make it possible to generate mutant libraries of novel L-ASNases without costly and time-consuming efforts. In this review, we summarize the strategies and approaches for obtaining and developing L-ASNase with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Villanueva-Flores F, Pastor AR, Palomares LA, Huerta-Saquero A. A Novel Formulation of Asparaginase Encapsulated into Virus-like Particles of Brome Mosaic Virus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2260. [PMID: 37765229 PMCID: PMC10535207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in plant-derived virus-like particles (pVLPs) for the design of a new generation of nanocarriers is based on their lack of infection for humans, their immunostimulatory properties to fight cancer cells, and their capability to contain and release cargo molecules. Asparaginase (ASNase) is an FDA-approved drug to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LLA); however, it exhibits high immunogenicity which often leads to discontinuation of treatment. In previous work, we encapsulated ASNase into bacteriophage P22-based VLPs through genetic-directed design to form the ASNase-P22 nanobioreactors. In this work, a commercial ASNase was encapsulated into brome mosaic virus-like particles (BMV-VLPs) to form stable ASNase-BMV nanobioreactors. According to our results, we observed that ASNase-BMV nanobioreactors had similar cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 and Reh cells as the commercial drug. In vivo assays showed a higher specific anti-ASNase IgG response in BALB/c mice immunized with ASNase encapsulated into BMV-VLPs compared with those immunized with free ASNase. Nevertheless, we also detected a high and specific IgG response against BMV capsids on both ASNase-filled capsids (ASNase-BMV) and empty BMV capsids. Despite the fact that our in vivo studies showed that the BMV-VLPs stimulate the immune response either empty or with cargo proteins, the specific cytotoxicity against leukemic cells allows us to propose ASNase-BMV as a potential novel formulation for LLA treatment where in vitro and in vivo evidence of functionality is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villanueva-Flores
- Departamento de Bionanotecnología, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, MO, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida Heroico Colegio Militar 4700, Nombre de Dios, Chihuahua 31300, CH, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Pastor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, MO, Mexico
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, MO, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Departamento de Bionanotecnología, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico
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Ali AM, Adam H, Hailu D, Howe R, Abula T, Coenen MJH. Evaluating the Frequencies of CNOT3, GRIA1, NFATC2, and PNPLA3 Variant Alleles and Their Association with L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:131-137. [PMID: 37551203 PMCID: PMC10404408 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s404695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction L-asparaginase is a vital component for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, hypersensitivity reactions and hepatotoxicity hinder its anti-neoplastic efficacy. Previous reports indicated that genetic variants in CNOT3, GRIA1, and NFATC2 genes might be associated with hypersensitivity reactions and PNPLA3 with liver function. Objective In this study, it was investigated whether this association also exists in a pediatric ALL cohort from Ethiopia. Methods Three variants GRIA1 rs4958351, CNOT3 rs73062673, and NFATC2 rs6021191 were genotyped in a cohort of 160 patients. Association analysis to investigate the association with hypersensitivity reactions was performed using logistic regression analyses. Besides these variants, a variant in PNPLA3 (rs738409) was genotyped to assess the association with liver function. Results Genotype frequencies of GRIA1 rs4958351, CNOT3 rs73062673, and NFATC2 rs6021191 were higher/lower than previously reported. One hundred and forty-four patients were included in the association analysis of which, 18 (12.5%) developed L-ASP hypersensitivity. Though the frequency of hypersensitivity was higher in patients that carried the risk alleles of the three investigated genes, no statistically significant differences were observed. Association analysis between PNPLA3 rs738409 and liver function could not be investigated due to a lack of clinical information. Conclusion In conclusion, none of the tested genes did predict L-asparaginase hypersensitivity in an Ethiopian pediatric ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awol Mekonnen Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haileyesus Adam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Hailu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferra Abula
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Jiménez-Alonso JJ, López-Lázaro M. Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2879. [PMID: 37447206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive unless they obtain sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs). Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have genetic and metabolic alterations that may limit their capacity to obtain adequate levels of the 20 AAs in challenging metabolic environments. However, since normal diets provide all AAs at relatively constant levels and ratios, these potentially lethal genetic and metabolic defects are eventually harmless to cancer cells. If we temporarily replace the normal diet of cancer patients with artificial diets in which the levels of specific AAs are manipulated, cancer cells may be unable to proliferate and survive. This article reviews in vivo studies that have evaluated the antitumor activity of diets restricted in or supplemented with the 20 proteinogenic AAs, individually and in combination. It also reviews our recent studies that show that manipulating the levels of several AAs simultaneously can lead to marked survival improvements in mice with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Lefin N, Miranda J, Beltrán JF, Belén LH, Effer B, Pessoa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Current state of molecular and metabolic strategies for the improvement of L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208277. [PMID: 37426818 PMCID: PMC10323146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has become an important area of research due to its clinical and food industry applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and metabolic strategies that can be used to optimize the expression of L-ASNase in heterologous systems. This article describes various approaches that have been employed to increase enzyme production, including the use of molecular tools, strain engineering, and in silico optimization. The review article highlights the critical role that rational design plays in achieving successful heterologous expression and underscores the challenges of large-scale production of L-ASNase, such as inadequate protein folding and the metabolic burden on host cells. Improved gene expression is shown to be achievable through the optimization of codon usage, synthetic promoters, transcription and translation regulation, and host strain improvement, among others. Additionally, this review provides a deep understanding of the enzymatic properties of L-ASNase and how this knowledge has been employed to enhance its properties and production. Finally, future trends in L-ASNase production, including the integration of CRISPR and machine learning tools are discussed. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking to design effective heterologous expression systems for L-ASNase production as well as for enzymes production in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lefin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javiera Miranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge G. Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Ratuchne A, Izidoro SC, Beitel SM, Lacerda LT, Knob A. A new extracellular glutaminase and urease-free L-asparaginase from Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:715-723. [PMID: 36917331 PMCID: PMC10235346 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug employed to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, L-ASNases for therapeutic use are obtained from Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi). Despite their therapeutic potential, enzymes from bacteria are subject to inducing immune responses, resulting in a higher number of side effects. Eukaryote producers, such as fungi, may provide therapeutic alternatives through enzymes that induce relatively less toxicity and immune responses. Additional expected benefits from yeast-derived enzymes include higher activity and stability in physiological conditions. This work describes the new potential therapeutic candidate L-ASNase from the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii. A statistical approach (full factorial central composite design) was used to optimize L-ASNase production, considering L-asparagine and glucose concentration, pH of the medium, and cultivation time as independent factors. In addition, the crude enzymes were biochemically characterized, in terms of temperature and optimal pH, thermostability, pH stability, and associated glutaminase or urease activities. Our results showed that enzyme production increased after supplementing a pH 4.0 medium with 1.0% L-asparagine and 0.5% glucose during 75 h of cultivation. Under these optimized conditions, L-ASNase production reached 26.01 U mL-1, which is suitable for scale-up studies. The produced L-ASNase exhibits maximal activity at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and is highly stable under physiological conditions. In addition, M. guilliermondii L-ASNase has no associated glutaminase or urease activities, demonstrating its potential as a promising antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ratuchne
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristine Izidoro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Susan Michelz Beitel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Lorena Tigre Lacerda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral E Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 24A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, 13506-752, Brazil
| | - Adriana Knob
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil.
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16
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Talluri VP, Mutaliyeva B, Sharipova A, Ulaganathan V, Lanka SS, Aidarova S, Suigenbayeva A, Tleuova A. L-Asparaginase delivery systems targeted to minimize its side-effects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 316:102915. [PMID: 37159987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASP) is one of the key enzymes used in therapeutic applications, particularly to treat Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). L-asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized by the body and is not required to be obtained through the diet. The synthesis of L-asparagine occurs primarily in the liver, but it also takes place in other tissues throughout the body. In contrast, leukemic cells cannot synthesize L-asparagine due the absence of L-asparagine synthetase and should obtain it from circulating sources for protein synthesis and cell division processes to ensure their vital functions. L-ASP catalyzes the deamination process of L-asparagine amino-acid into aspartic acid and ammonia, depriving leukemic cells of asparagine. This leads to decreased protein synthesis and cell division in tumor cells. However, using L-ASP has side effects, such as hypersensitivity or allergic reaction, antigenicity, short half-life, temporary blood clearance, and toxicity. L-ASP immobilization can minimize the side effects of L-ASP by stopping the immune system from attacking non-human enzymes and improving the enzyme's performance. The first strategy includes modification of enzyme structure, such as covalent binding (conjugation), adsorption to the support material and cross-linking of the enzyme. The chemical modification of residues, often nonspecific, changes the enzyme's hydrophobicity and surface charge, lowering the enzyme's activity. Also, the first strategy exposes the enzyme's surface to the environment. This eliminates its performance and does not allow targeted delivery of the enzyme. The second strategy is based on the entrapment of the enzyme inside the protecting structure or encapsulation. This strategy offers the same benefits as the first. Still, it also enables reducing toxicity, prolonging in vivo half-life, enhancing stability and activity, enables a targeted delivery and controlled release of the enzyme. Compared to the first strategy, encapsulation does not modify the chemical structure of the enzyme since L-ASP is only effective against leukemia in its native tetrameric form. This review aims to present state of the art in L-ASP formulations developed for reducing the side effects of L-ASP, focusing on describing improvements in their safety. The primary focus in the field remains to be improving the overall performance of the L-ASP formulations. Almost all encapsulation systems allow reducing immune response due to screening the enzyme from antibodies and prolonging its half-life. However, the enzyme's activity and stability depend on the encapsulation system type. Therefore, the selection of the right encapsulation system is crucial in therapy due to its effect on the performance parameters of the L-ASP. Biodegradable and biocompatible materials, such as chitosan, alginate and liposomes, mainly attract the researcher's interest in enzyme encapsulation. The research trends are also moving towards developing formulations with targeted delivery and increased selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sri Santhi Lanka
- Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Saule Aidarova
- Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050005, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aiym Tleuova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan.
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17
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Tosta Pérez M, Herrera Belén L, Letelier P, Calle Y, Pessoa A, Farías JG. L-Asparaginase as the gold standard in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:150. [PMID: 37060469 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase is an antileukemic drug long approved for clinical use to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common cancer in this population worldwide. However, the efficacy and its use as a drug have been subject to debate due to the variety of adverse effects that patients treated with it present, as well as the prompt elimination in plasma, the need for multiple administrations, and high rates of allergic reactions. For this reason, the search for new, less immunogenic variants has long been the subject of study. This review presents the main aspects of the L-asparaginase enzyme from a structural, pharmacological, and clinical point of view, from the perspective of its use in chemotherapy protocols in conjunction with other drugs in the different treatment phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tosta Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Letelier
- Precision Health Research Laboratory, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yolanda Calle
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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18
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Zhang Y, Sultonova RD, You SH, Choi Y, Kim SY, Lee WS, Seong J, Min JJ, Hong Y. The anticancer effect of PASylated calreticulin-targeting L-ASNase in solid tumor bearing mice with immunogenic cell death-inducing chemotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115473. [PMID: 36863616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase), a bacterial enzyme that degrades asparagine, has been commonly used in combination with several chemical drugs to treat malignant hematopoietic cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In contrast, the enzyme was known to inhibit the growth of solid tumor cells in vitro, but not to be effective in vivo. We previously reported that two novel monobodies (CRT3 and CRT4) bound specifically with calreticulin (CRT) exposed on tumor cells and tissues during immunogenic cell death (ICD). Here, we engineered L-ASNases conjugated with monobodies at the N-termini and PAS200 tags at the C-termini (CRT3LP and CRT4LP). These proteins were expected to possess four monobody and PAS200 tag moieties, which did not disrupt the L-ASNase conformation. These proteins were expressed 3.8-fold more highly in E. coli than those without PASylation. The purified proteins were highly soluble, with much greater apparent molecular weights than expected ones. Their affinity (Kd) against CRT was about 2 nM, 4-fold higher than that of monobodies. Their enzyme activity (∼6.5 IU/nmol) was similar to that of L-ASNase (∼7.2 IU/nmol), and their thermal stability was significantly increased at 55 °C. Their half-life times were > 9 h in mouse sera, about 5-fold longer than that of L-ASNase (∼1.8 h). Moreover, CRT3LP and CRT4LP bound specifically with CRT exposed on tumor cells in vitro, and additively suppressed the tumor growth in CT-26 and MC-38 tumor-bearing mice treated with ICD-inducing drugs (doxorubicin and mitoxantrone) but not with a non-ICD-inducing drug (gemcitabine). All data indicated that PASylated CRT-targeted L-ASNases enhanced the anticancer efficacy of ICD-inducing chemotherapy. Taken together, L-ASNase would be a potential anticancer drug for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Rukhsora D Sultonova
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan You
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyoun Seong
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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A rational approach for 3D recognition and removal of L-asparagine via molecularly imprinted membranes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115250. [PMID: 36657352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a L-asparagine (L-Asn) imprinted membranes (L-Asn-MIPs) were synthesized via molecular imprinting for selective and efficient removal of L-Asn. The L-Asn-MIP membrane was prepared by using acrylamide (AAm) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a functional monomer and a comonomer, respectively. The membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The L-Asn adsorption capacity of the membrane was investigated in detail. The maximum L-Asn adsorption capacity was determined as 408.2 mg/g at pH: 7.2, 24 °C. Determination of L-Asn binding behaviors of L-Asn-MIPs also shown with Scatchard analyses. The effect of pH on L-Asn adsorption onto the membrane and also the selectivity and reusability of the L-Asn-MIPs for L-Asn adsorption were determined through L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) enzyme activity measurements. The selectivity of the membrane was investigated by using two different ternary mixtures; L-glycine (L-Gly)/L-histidine (L-His)/L-Asn and L-tyrosin (L-Tyr)/L-cystein(L-Cys)/L-Asn. The obtained results showed that the L-Asn-MIP membranes have a high selectivity towards L-Asn.
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Costa-Silva TA, Pillaca-Pullo OS, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Carretero G, da Luz Bueno J, Camacho-Córdova DI, Santos JH, Sette LD, Pessoa-Jr A. Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Qin X, Costa-Silva TA, Pessoa A, Long PF. A scoping review to compare and contrast quality assurance aspects of l-asparaginase biosimilars. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122523. [PMID: 36581108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
l-asparaginase is a first-line medicine used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Differing quality of marketed l-asparaginase biosimilars has been reported to adversely influence treatment outcomes. Herein, the quality of l-asparaginase biosimilars intended for clinical use was reviewed in sight of quality assurance parameters using English and Chinese language database searching, which provided information for possible improvements to the manufacture of this medicine. Ten articles met inclusion criteria, and quality attributes that measured potency, specific activity, purity and host cell proteins (HCPs) were identified. Biosimilars manufactured in high-income countries represented good quality in all aspects. Biosimilars manufactured in high-middle/middle-income countries, however, suggested poorer quality control particularly over removal of HCPs. Future work should now focus on establishing pharmacopeia monographs to establish equivalent quality assurance for l-asparaginase biosimilars manufactured between countries. Standardization of the quality profile, analytical methods and the limits of critical quality parameters, are essential to ensure appropriated efficacy and safety of clinical grade l-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tales A Costa-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Immobilization of recombinant L-asparaginase from Geobacillus kaustophilus on magnetic MWCNT-nickel composites. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Anticancer Asparaginases: Perspectives in Using Filamentous Fungi as Cell Factories. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase) catalyzes the breakdown of L-asparagine into aspartate and ammonia, which leads to an anti-neoplastic activity stemming from its capacity to deplete L-asparagine concentrations in the bloodstream, and it is therefore used in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to inhibit malignant cell growth. Nowadays, this anti-cancer enzyme, largely produced by Escherichia coli, is well established on the market. However, E. coli L-asparaginase therapy has side effects such as anaphylaxis, coagulation abnormality, low plasma half-life, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, protease action, hyperglycemia, and cerebral dysfunction. This review provides a perspective on the use of filamentous fungi as alternative cell factories for L-asparaginase production. Filamentous fungi, such as various Aspergillus species, have superior protein secretion capacity compared to yeast and bacteria and studies show their potential for the future production of proteins with humanized N-linked glycans. This article explores the past and present applications of this important enzyme and discusses the prospects for using filamentous fungi to produce safe eukaryotic asparaginases with high production yields.
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Comparative structural and kinetic study for development of a novel candidate L-asparaginase based pharmaceutical. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ryu J, Yang SJ, Son B, Lee H, Lee J, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Enhanced anti-cancer effect using MMP-responsive L-asparaginase fused with cell-penetrating 30Kc19 protein. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:278-285. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Patel P, Patel A, Agarwal-Rajput R, Rawal R, Dave B, Gosai H. Characterization, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Bench-Scale Production of Novel pH-Stable and Thermotolerant L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis PPD37. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3122-3141. [PMID: 36564676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial L-asparaginase (LA) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has remained mainstay of cancer treatment for several decades. LA has been extensively used worldwide for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A halotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis sp. isolated from marine environment was used for LA production. The enzyme produced was subjected to purification and physico-chemical characterisation. Purified LA was thermotolerant and demonstrated more than 90% enzyme activity after 1 h of incubation at 80 °C. LA has also proved to be resistant against pH gradient and retained activity at pH ranging from 3.0 to 10. The enzyme also had high salinity tolerance with 90% LA activity at 10% NaCl concentration. Detergents like Triton X-100 and Tween-80 were observed to inhibit LA activity while more than 70% catalytic activity was maintained in the presence of metals. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that LA is a heterodimer (~ 63 and ~ 65 kDa) and has molecular mass of around 130 kDa in native form. The kinetic parameters of LA were tested with LA having low Km value of 1.518 µM and Vmax value of 6.94 µM/min/mL. Purified LA has also exhibited noteworthy antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines-HeLa, SiHa, A549, and SH-SY-5Y. In addition, bench-scale LA production was conducted in a 5-L bioreactor using moringa leaves as cost-effective substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Ajay Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Reena Agarwal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research (IIAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti Dave
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Haren Gosai
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
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da Silva LF, de Pádua APSL, de Oliveira Ferro L, Agamez-Montalvo GS, Bezerra JDP, Moreira KA, de Souza-Motta CM. Cacti as low-cost substrates to produce L-asparaginase by endophytic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:247. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sharma A, Kaushik V, Goel M. Insights into the Distribution and Functional Properties of l-Asparaginase in the Archaeal Domain and Characterization of Picrophilus torridus Asparaginase Belonging to the Novel Family Asp2like1. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40750-40765. [PMID: 36406543 PMCID: PMC9670692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia and is used in the medical and food industries. In this investigation, from the proteomes of 176 archaeal organisms (with completely sequenced genomes), 116 homologs of l-asparaginase were obtained from 86 archaeal organisms segregated into Asp1, Asp2, IaaA, Asp2like1, and Asp2like2 families based on the conserved domain. The similarities and differences in the structure of selected representatives from each family are discussed. From the two novel archaeal l-asparaginase families Asp2like1 and Asp2like2, a representative of Asp2like1 family Picrophilus torridus asparaginase (PtAsp2like1) was characterized in detail to find its suitability in therapeutics. PtAsp2like1 was a glutaminase-free asparaginase that showed the optimum activity at 80 °C and pH 10.0. The Km of PtAsp2like1 toward substrate l-asparagine was 11.69 mM. This study demonstrates the improved mapping of asparaginases in the archaeal domain, facilitating future focused research on archaeal asparaginases for therapeutic applications.
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Costa MN, Silva RN. Cytotoxic activity of l-lysine alpha-oxidase against leukemia cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:590-599. [PMID: 34606983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit higher proliferation rates than normal cells, and as a consequence, a higher nutritional demand for metabolites such as amino acids. Such cells demonstrate high expression of amino acid transporters and are significantly dependent on the external uptake of amino acids. Moreover, some types of cancer cells exhibit oncogenic mutations that render them auxotrophic to certain amino acids. This metabolic difference between tumor and normal cells has been explored for developing anticancer drugs. Enzymes capable of depleting certain amino acids in the bloodstream can be employed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and promote cell death. Certain microbial enzymes, such as l-asparaginase and l-amino acid oxidases, have been studied for this purpose. In this paper, we discuss the role of l-asparaginase, the only enzyme currently used as a chemotherapeutic agent. We also review the studies on a new potential antineoplastic agent, l-lysine α-oxidase, an enzyme of l-amino acid oxidase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Wang R, Zhao C, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Ban C, Zheng G, Hou Y, Jin B, Shi Y, Wu X, Zhao Q. Advanced nanoparticles that can target therapy and reverse drug resistance may be the dawn of leukemia treatment: A bibliometrics study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1027868. [PMID: 36299285 PMCID: PMC9588980 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1027868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanomedicine, more and more nanoparticles are used in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. This study aimed to identify author, country, institutional, and journal collaborations and their impacts, assess the knowledge base, identify existing trends, and uncover emerging topics related to leukemia research. 1825 Articles and reviews were obtained from the WoSCC and analyzed by Citespace and Vosviewer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE is the journal with the highest output. The contribution of FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY is also noteworthy. The three main aspects of research in Nanoparticles-leukemia-related fields included nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia, related to the type and treatment of leukemia, the specific molecular mechanism, and existing problems of the application of nanoparticles in leukemia. In the future, synthesize nano-drugs that have targeted therapy and chemotherapy resistance according to the mechanism, which may be the dawn of the solution to leukemia. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the Nanoparticles-leukemia-related field using bibliometrics and visual methods for the first time, providing a valuable reference for researchers interested in Nanoparticles-leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Chunmei Ban
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Department, The People’s Hospital of Liuzhou City, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Bingjin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yannan Shi
- Department of General Medicine, Ganmei Hospital, Kunming First People’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wu, ; Qiangqiang Zhao,
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wu, ; Qiangqiang Zhao,
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Van Trimpont M, Schalk AM, De Visser Y, Nguyen HA, Reunes L, Vandemeulebroecke K, Peeters E, Su Y, Lee H, Lorenzi PL, Chan WK, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Lammens T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P, Lavie A. In vivo stabilization of a less toxic asparaginase variant leads to a durable antitumor response in acute leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 108:409-419. [PMID: 35979719 PMCID: PMC9890011 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2002] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid since it can either be taken up via the diet or synthesized by asparagine synthetase. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells do not express asparagine synthetase or express it only minimally, which makes them completely dependent on extracellular asparagine for their growth and survival. This dependency makes ALL cells vulnerable to treatment with L-asparaginase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes asparagine. To date, all clinically approved L-asparaginases have significant L-glutaminase co-activity, associated with non-immune related toxic side effects observed during therapy. Therefore, reduction of L-glutaminase co-activity with concomitant maintenance of its anticancer L-asparaginase effect may effectively improve the tolerability of this unique drug. Previously, we designed a new alternative variant of Erwinia chrysanthemi (ErA; Erwinaze) with decreased L-glutaminase co-activity, while maintaining its L-asparaginase activity, by the introduction of three key mutations around the active site (ErA-TM). However, Erwinaze and our ErA-TM variant have very short half-lives in vivo. Here, we show that the fusion of ErA-TM with an albumin binding domain (ABD)-tag significantly increases its in vivo persistence. In addition, we evaluated the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of ABD-ErA-TM in a B-ALL xenograft model of SUP-B15. Our results show a comparable long-lasting durable antileukemic effect between the standard-of-care pegylated-asparaginase and ABD-ErA-TM L-asparaginase, but with fewer co-glutaminase-related acute side effects. Since the toxic side effects of current L-asparaginases often result in treatment discontinuation in ALL patients, this novel ErA-TM variant with ultra-low L-glutaminase co-activity and long in vivo persistence may have great clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Van Trimpont
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanti De Visser
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hien Anh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindy Reunes
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandemeulebroecke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Peeters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA,Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wai-Kin Chan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,#PVV and AL contributed equally as co-senior authors
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA; The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
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Selection and Optimization of Medium Components for the Efficient Production of L-Asparaginase by Leucosporidium scottii L115—A Psychrotolerant Yeast. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the production of L-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme mainly used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, by Leucosporidiumscottii L115, a psychrotolerant yeast isolated from the Antarctic ecosystem. Focus was given to select the most appropriate medium components able to maximize the enzyme production by this yeast, as a first step for the development of a new process to produce ASNase. By combining knowledge in bioprocesses, statistical analysis and modeling, the medium composition that most favored enzyme production was established, which consisted of using a mixture of sucrose (28.34 g L−1) and glycerol (15.61 g L−1) as carbon sources, supplemented with proline (6.15 g L−1) and the following salts (g L−1): KCl, 0.52; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.52; CuNO3·3H2O, 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001; and FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001. By using this medium, enzyme production of 2850 U L−1 (productivity of 23.75 U L−1 h−1) was obtained, which represented a 28-fold increase in enzyme production per gram of cells (178 U gdcw−1) when compared to the control (non-optimized medium), and a 50-fold increase when compared to a reference medium used for ASNase production.
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Aliivibrio fischeri L-Asparaginase production by engineered Bacillus subtilis: a potential new biopharmaceutical. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1635-1644. [PMID: 35974197 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme applied in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. However, an innovative L-ASNase with high yield and lower side effects than the commercially available preparations are still a market requirement. Here, a new-engineered Bacillus subtilis strain was evaluated for Aliivibrio fischeri L-ASNase II production, being the bioprocess development and the enzyme characterization studied. The pBS0E plasmid replicative in Bacillus sp and containing PxylA promoter inducible by xylose and its repressive molecule sequence (XylR) was used for the genetic modification. Initially, cultivations were carried out in orbital shaker, and then the process was scaled up to stirred tank bioreactor (STB). After the bioprocess, the cells were recovered and submitted to ultrasound sonication for cells disruption and intracellular enzyme recovery. The enzymatic extract was characterized to assess its biochemical, kinetic and thermal properties using L-Asparagine and L-Glutamine as substrates. The results indicated the potential enzyme production in STB achieving L-ASNase activity up to 1.539 U mL-1. The enzymatic extract showed an optimum pH of 7.5, high L-Asparagine affinity (Km = 1.2275 mmol L-1) and low L-Glutaminase activity (0.568-0.738 U mL-1). In addition, thermal inactivation was analyzed by two different Kinect models to elucidate inactivation mechanisms, low kinetic thermal inactivation constants for 25 ºC and 37 ºC (0.128 and 0.148 h-1, respectively) indicate an elevated stability. The findings herein show that the produced recombinant L-ASNase has potential to be applied for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Chand S, Mihooliya KN, Sahoo DK, Prasad JP, Sharma G. L-asparaginase from Bacillus flexus strain SS: Isolation, Screening, Production Process Optimization, Purification, and Anticancer Activity. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Darvishi F, Jahanafrooz Z, Mokhtarzadeh A. Microbial L-asparaginase as a promising enzyme for treatment of various cancers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5335-5347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Molecular cloning, characterization, and in-silico analysis of l-asparaginase from Himalayan Pseudomonas sp. PCH44. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:162. [PMID: 35822154 PMCID: PMC9271149 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-ASNase) is a key enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a childhood blood cancer. Here, we report on the characterization of a recombinant l-ASNase (Ps44-asn II) from Pseudomonas sp. PCH44. The gene was identified from its genome, cloned, and overexpressed in the host Escherichia coli (E. coli). The recombinant l-ASNase (Ps44-ASNase II) was purified with a monomer size of 37.0 kDa and a homotetrameric size of 148.0 kDa. The purified Ps44-ASNase II exhibited optimum activity of 40.84 U/mg in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 8.5) at 45 °C for 15 min. It retained 76.53% of enzyme activity at 45 °C after 120 min of incubation. The half-life and K d values were 600 min and 1.10 × 10-3 min-1, respectively, at 45 °C. The kinetic constants values K m and V max were 0.56, 0.728 mM, and 29.41, 50.12 U/mg for l-asparagine and l-glutamine, respectively. However, k cat for l-glutamine is more (30.91 s-1) than l-asparagine (18.06 s-1), suggesting that enzymes act more efficiently on l-glutamine than l-asparagine. The docking analysis of l-asparagine and l-glutamine with active site residues of the enzyme revealed a molecular basis for high l-glutaminase (L-GLNase) activity and provided insights into the role of key amino acid residues in the preferential enzymatic activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03224-0.
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Patel PG, Panseriya HZ, Vala AK, Dave BP, Gosai HB. Exploring current scenario and developments in the field of microbial L-asparaginase production and applications: A review. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of an L-Asparaginase from Isolated Escherichia coli MF-107 as an Anti-Tumor Enzyme on MCF7 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:279-90. [PMID: 35690915 PMCID: PMC9432472 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Advances on Delivery of Cytotoxic Enzymes as Anticancer Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123836. [PMID: 35744957 PMCID: PMC9230553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide annually, and, therefore, it is one of the most investigated research disciplines. Developing efficient anticancer tools includes studying the effects of different natural enzymes of plant and microbial origin on tumor cells. The development of various smart delivery systems based on enzyme drugs has been conducted for more than two decades. Some of these delivery systems have been developed to the point that they have reached clinical stages, and a few have even found application in selected cancer treatments. Various biological, chemical, and physical approaches have been utilized to enhance their efficiencies by improving their delivery and targeting. In this paper, we review advanced delivery systems for enzyme drugs for use in cancer therapy. Their structure-based functions, mechanisms of action, fused forms with other peptides in terms of targeting and penetration, and other main results from in vivo and clinical studies of these advanced delivery systems are highlighted.
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Freitas M, Souza P, Homem-de-Mello M, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Ferreira Filho EX, Pessoa Junior A, Sarker D, Timson D, Inácio J, Magalhães PO. L-Asparaginase from Penicillium sizovae Produced by a Recombinant Komagataella phaffii Strain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060746. [PMID: 35745665 PMCID: PMC9227789 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an important enzyme in the pharmaceutical field used as treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia due to its ability to hydrolyze L-asparagine, an essential amino acid synthesized by normal cells, but not by neoplastic cells. Adverse effects of L-asparaginase formulations are associated with its glutaminase activity and bacterial origin; therefore, it is important to find new sources of L-asparaginase produced by eukaryotic microorganisms with low glutaminase activity. This work aimed to identify the L-asparaginase gene sequence from Penicillium sizovae, a filamentous fungus isolated from the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) soil with low glutaminase activity, and to biosynthesize higher yields of this enzyme in the yeast Komagataella phaffii. The L-asparaginase gene sequence of P. sizovae was identified by homology to L-asparaginases from species of Penicillium of the section Citrina: P. citrinum and P. steckii. Partial L-asparaginase from P. sizovae, lacking the periplasmic signaling sequence, was cloned, and expressed intracellularly with highest enzymatic activity achieved by a MUT+ clone cultured in BMM expression medium; a value 5-fold greater than that obtained by native L-asparaginase in P. sizovae cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature report of the heterologous production of an L-asparaginase from a filamentous fungus by a yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Freitas
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Paula Souza
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Yris M. Fonseca-Bazzo
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dipak Sarker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - David Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - João Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Pérola O. Magalhães
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Khajeh K, Kamrani E, Fernandes P. Production of a Novel Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant L-Asparaginase: Insight on the Structure and Biochemical Characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:599-613. [PMID: 35507234 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on the cloning, expression, and characterization of L-asparaginase of marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03 isolated from fish intestine. Thus, a gene fragment containing the L-asparaginase sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03 isolated from the fish intestine was cloned in the pET21a vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Thereafter, the recombinant L-asparaginase (HR03Asnase) was purified by nickel affinity chromatography, and the enzymatic properties of HR03Asnase, including the effects of pH and temperature on HR03Asnase activity and its kinetic parameters, were determined. The recombinant enzyme HR03Asnase showed the highest similarity to type I L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The three-dimensional (3D) modeling results indicate that HR03Asnase exists as a homotetramer. Its molecular weight was 35 kDa, and the maximum activity of the purified enzyme was observed at pH8 and at 40 °C. The km and Vmax of the enzyme obtained with L-asparagine as substrate were 10.904 mM and 3.44 × 10-2 mM/min, respectively. The maximum activity of HR03Asnase was reduced by 50% at 90 °C after 10-min incubation; however, the enzyme maintained more than 20% of its activity after 30-min incubation. This enzyme also maintained almost 50% of its activity at pH 12 after 40-min incubation. The evaluation of pH and temperature stability of HR03Asnase showed that the enzyme has a wide range of activity, which is a suitable characteristic for its application in different industries. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that marine sources are promising biological reservoirs for enzymes to be used for biotechnological purposes, and marine thermostable HR03Asnase is likely a potential candidate for its future usage in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Izadpanah Qeshmi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kamrani
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades E Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
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Johny TK, Puthusseri RM, Saidumohamed BE, Sheela UB, Puthusseri SP, Sasidharan RS, Bhat SG. Appraisal of cytotoxicity and acrylamide mitigation potential of L-asparaginase SlpA from fish gut microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3583-3598. [PMID: 35579684 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has application in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, as well as in other malignancies, in addition to its role as a food processing aid for the mitigation of acrylamide formation in the baking industry. Its use in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to problems such as its intrinsic glutaminase activity and associated side effects, leading to an increased interest in the search for novel L-asparaginases without L-glutaminase activity. This study reports the cloning and expression of an L-asparaginase contig obtained from whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of Sardinella longiceps gut microbiota. Purified recombinant glutaminase-free L-asparaginase SlpA was a 74 kDa homodimer, with maximal activity at pH 8 and 30 °C. Km and Vmax of SlpA were determined to be 3.008 mM and 0.014 mM/min, respectively. SlpA displayed cytotoxic activity against K-562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.3443 and 2.692 U/mL, respectively. SlpA did not show any cytotoxic activity against normal lymphocytes and was proved to be hemocompatible. Pre-treatment of biscuit and bread dough with different concentrations of SlpA resulted in a clear, dose-dependent reduction of acrylamide formation during baking. KEY POINTS: • Cloned and expressed L-asparaginase (SlpA) from fish gut microbiota • Purified SlpA displayed good cytotoxicity against K-562 and MCF-7 cell lines • SlpA addition caused a significant reduction of acrylamide formation during baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kollannoor Johny
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Rinu Madhu Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | | | | | - Saipriya Parol Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Raghul Subin Sasidharan
- Department of Zoology, Government College Kariavattom, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Sarita Ganapathy Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.
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Konhäuser M, Kannaujiya VK, Steiert E, Schwickert K, Schirmeister T, Wich PR. Co-Encapsulation of l-Asparaginase and Etoposide in Dextran Nanoparticles for Synergistic Effect in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121796. [PMID: 35525474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Co-encapsulation of multiple therapeutic drugs in a single nanocarrier has the potential to enable synergistic interactions, increase drug efficacy, and reduce side effects. The enzyme l-asparaginase and the small molecule drug etoposide have a known synergistic effect against selected cancer types. However, both drugs differ significantly in size, molecular weight, and solubility, which often results in challenges when a simultaneous delivery is required. In this study, we present the co-encapsulation of a large hydrophilic enzyme l-asparaginase and the small hydrophobic drug etoposide into a biodegradable, biocompatible, and acid-responsive dextran-based nanoparticle system. These dual drug-loaded nanoparticles show an excellent cellular uptake in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells and a stepwise release of the cytotoxic payloads in a pH-dependent manner. In activity tests, the dual drug-loaded formulation has shown a significant effect on cell viability (down to 31%) compared to those incubated only with l-asparaginase (92%) or etoposide (82%) at a particle concentration of 125 μg∙mL-1. These results show that the simultaneous co-delivery of these two drugs in K562 cells leads to synergistic cytotoxicity, indicating a great potential for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konhäuser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedicinal Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - V K Kannaujiya
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - E Steiert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedicinal Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - K Schwickert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedicinal Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - T Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedicinal Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - P R Wich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedicinal Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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44
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Gu I, Gregory E, Atwood C, Lee SO, Song YH. Exploring the Role of Metabolites in Cancer and the Associated Nerve Crosstalk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091722. [PMID: 35565690 PMCID: PMC9103817 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Otto Warburg's first report on the increased uptake of glucose and lactate release by cancer cells, dysregulated metabolism has been acknowledged as a hallmark of cancer that promotes proliferation and metastasis. Over the last century, studies have shown that cancer metabolism is complex, and by-products of glucose and glutamine catabolism induce a cascade of both pro- and antitumorigenic processes. Some vitamins, which have traditionally been praised for preventing and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, have also been proven to cause cancer progression in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, recent findings have shown that the nervous system is a key player in tumor growth and metastasis via perineural invasion and tumor innervation. However, the link between cancer-nerve crosstalk and tumor metabolism remains unclear. Here, we discuss the roles of relatively underappreciated metabolites in cancer-nerve crosstalk, including lactate, vitamins, and amino acids, and propose the investigation of nutrients in cancer-nerve crosstalk based on their tumorigenicity and neuroregulatory capabilities. Continued research into the metabolic regulation of cancer-nerve crosstalk will provide a more comprehensive understanding of tumor mechanisms and may lead to the identification of potential targets for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Gu
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Emory Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Casey Atwood
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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45
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Al-Hazmi NE, Naguib DM. Plant asparaginase versus microbial asparaginase as anticancer agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27283-27293. [PMID: 34978032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The considerable effect of enzymes on human health draws great attention to enzyme-based drugs (therapeutic enzymes), in recent times. L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a well-known therapeutic enzyme. It has varied applications and is a single molecule for the treatment of multiple diseases. This study tries to extract asparaginase from soybean debris (agricultural wastes) as a cheap plant source and compare this with microbial asparaginase as an agent in cancer chemotherapy. The asparaginase was extracted and purified from soybean debris (plant asparaginase) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (microbial asparaginase), then the physiochemical characters were determined for the two enzymes, and the anticancer activity of plant and microbial asparaginase was determined against gastric cancer (CLS-145), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1), colon cancer (HCT116), esophagus cancer (KYSE-410), liver cancer (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7), and cervical cancer (HELLA). The results showed that plant asparaginase was superior to microbial asparaginase in its physiochemical characters. Plant asparaginase showed higher stability and activity under the conditions of changing either the temperature or the pH; also plant asparaginase has a higher affinity to the asparagine than the microbial asparaginase; besides, this plant asparaginase did not show activity with glutamine as a substrate. The plant asparaginase showed higher anticancer activity than that of microbial asparaginase against all studied cancer cell lines. The present study introduces as the first time a comparative study between the plant and microbial asparaginase which proves that soybean debris asparaginase can be more efficient and safe than that of the microbial asparaginase as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biology (Microbiology), University College of Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deyala M Naguib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia.
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46
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Pokrovskaya MV, Pokrovsky VS, Aleksandrova SS, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Molecular Analysis of L-Asparaginases for Clarification of the Mechanism of Action and Optimization of Pharmacological Functions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030599. [PMID: 35335974 PMCID: PMC8948990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. These proteins with different biochemical, physicochemical and pharmacological properties are found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and mammals. To date, asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi) are widely used in hematology for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. However, their medical use is limited by side effects associated with the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze L-glutamine, as well as the development of immune reactions. To solve these issues, gene-editing methods to introduce amino-acid substitutions of the enzyme are implemented. In this review, we focused on molecular analysis of the mechanism of enzyme action and to optimize the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Olimpiisky Prospect 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Van Trimpont M, Peeters E, De Visser Y, Schalk AM, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Lavie A, Lammens T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P. Novel Insights on the Use of L-Asparaginase as an Efficient and Safe Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040902. [PMID: 35205650 PMCID: PMC8870365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) therapy is key for achieving the very high cure rate of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet its use is mostly confined to this indication. One main reason preventing the expansion of today’s FDA-approved L-ASNases to solid cancers is their high toxicity and side effects, which become especially challenging in adult patients. The design of optimized L-ASNase molecules provides opportunities to overcome these unwanted toxicities. An additional challenge to broader application of L-ASNases is how cells can counter the pharmacological effect of this drug and the identification of L-ASNases resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability, with a focus on both hematological and solid tumors. Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that hydrolyses the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Systemic administration of bacterial L-ASNase is successfully used to lower the bioavailability of this non-essential amino acid and to eradicate rapidly proliferating cancer cells with a high demand for exogenous asparagine. Currently, it is a cornerstone drug in the treatment of the most common pediatric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since these lymphoblasts lack the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), these cells depend on the uptake of extracellular asparagine for survival. Interestingly, recent reports have illustrated that L-ASNase may also have clinical potential for the treatment of other aggressive subtypes of hematological or solid cancers. However, immunogenic and other severe adverse side effects limit optimal clinical use and often lead to treatment discontinuation. The design of optimized and novel L-ASNase formulations provides opportunities to overcome these limitations. In addition, identification of multiple L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, including ASNS promoter reactivation and desensitization, has fueled research into promising novel drug combinations to overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance both in hematological and solid tumors, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Van Trimpont
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Peeters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanti De Visser
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Lailaja VP, Sumithra TG, Reshma KJ, Anusree VN, Amala PV, Kishor TG, Sanil NK. Characterization of novel L-asparaginases having clinically safe profiles from bacteria inhabiting the hemolymph of the crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:491-505. [PMID: 35138564 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is the principal chemotherapeutic agent against different blood cancers. The risks associated with current clinical preparations demand screening for novel ASNases. Accordingly, the study was conducted to shortlist ASNases having clinically safer profiles from a novel niche, namely, microbes in the gut and hemolymph of apparently healthy Scylla serrata. A four-step strategic approach incorporating the essential requirements for clinically safer profiles was followed. The initial step through plate assay showed five (9.61%) potential ASNase producers. The relative prevalence of ASNase producers was higher in hemolymph (13.33%) than gut (4.5%). The positive isolates were identified as Priestia aryabhattai, Priestia megaterium, Bacillus altitudinis, Shewanella decolorationis, and Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum. Quantitative profiles revealed high ASNase production (114.29 to 287.36 U/mL) without any optimization, with an added advantage of the extracellular production. The second step for substrate specificity studies revealed the absence of L-glutaminase and urease activities in ASNases from C. amylolyticum and P. megaterium, the most desirable properties for safe clinical applications. This is the first report of glutaminase and urease-free ASNase from these two bacteria. The third step ensured type II nature of selected ASNases, the targeted form in clinical applications. The fourth step confirmed the activity and stability in human physiological conditions. Altogether, the results revealed two potential ASNases with clinically compatible profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Lailaja
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India.
| | - K J Reshma
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - V N Anusree
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - P V Amala
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - T G Kishor
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
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Al Yousef SA. Fusarium sp. L-asparaginases: purification, characterization, and potential assessment as an antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11243-11254. [PMID: 34532809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginases important role in the treatment of leukemia. It is part of chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia in the last three decades. L-Asparaginase is isolated from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil and purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G 100. Characterization of the crude enzyme revealed it is a metalloprotease inhibited by EDTA. Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ also inhibited the enzyme. Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ activated L-asparaginase. Furthermore, kinetic studies of purified enzyme were carried out. Vmax and Km were 0.031 M and 454 U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature was 30 °C and the optimum pH was 7. Concerning substrate specificity, gelatin and casein in addition to L-asparagine were tested. The enzyme was found to be nonspecific that could hydrolyze all tested substrates at different rates. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the case of L-asparagine, followed by casein and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weight of L-asparaginase was 22.5 kDa. The antileukemic cytotoxicity assay of the enzyme against RAW2674 leukemic cell lines by MTT viability test was estimated. The enzyme exhibited antileukemic activity with IC50 of 50.1 UmL-1. The current work presents additional information regarding the purification and characterization of the enzyme produced by Fusarium sp. and its evaluation as a potential antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Al Yousef
- Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin, 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Sindhu R, Manonmani HK. L-asparaginase mediated therapy in L-asparagine auxotrophic cancers: A review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2393-2410. [PMID: 34994334 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220106103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial L-asparaginase is the most effective first-line therapeutic used in the treatment protocols of paediatric and adult leukemia. Leukemic cell's auxotrophy for L-asparagine is exploited as a therapeutic strategy to mediate cell death through metabolic blockade of L-asparagine using L-asparaginase. Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi serve as the major enzyme deriving sources accepted in clinical practise and the enzyme has bestowed improvements in patient outcomes over the last 40 years. However, an array of side effects generated by the native enzymes due to glutamine co-catalysis and short serum stays augmenting frequent dosages, intended a therapeutic switch towards the development of biobetter alternatives for the enzyme including the formulations resulting in sustained local depletion of L-asparagine. In addition, the treatment with L-asparaginase in few cancer types has proven to elicit drug-induced cytoprotective autophagy mechanisms and therefore warrants concern. Although the off-target glutamine hydrolysis has been viewed in contributing the drug-induced secondary responses in cells deficient with asparagine synthetase machinery, the beneficial role of glutaminase-asparaginase in proliferative regulation of asparagine prototrophic cells has been looked forward. The current review provides an overview on the enzyme's clinical applications in leukemia and possible therapeutic implications in other solid tumours, recent advancements in drug formulations, and discusses the aspects of two-sided roles of glutaminase-asparaginases and drug-induced cytoprotective autophagy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu R
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS-AHER, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H K Manonmani
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570020, Karnataka, India
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