1
|
Campana PA, Prasse P, Lienhard M, Thedinga K, Herwig R, Scheffer T. Cancer drug sensitivity estimation using modular deep Graph Neural Networks. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae043. [PMID: 38680251 PMCID: PMC11055499 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational drug sensitivity models have the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes by identifying targeted drugs components that are tailored to the transcriptomic profile of a given primary tumor. The SMILES representation of molecules that is used by state-of-the-art drug-sensitivity models is not conducive for neural networks to generalize to new drugs, in part because the distance between atoms does not generally correspond to the distance between their representation in the SMILES strings. Graph-attention networks, on the other hand, are high-capacity models that require large training-data volumes which are not available for drug-sensitivity estimation. We develop a modular drug-sensitivity graph-attentional neural network. The modular architecture allows us to separately pre-train the graph encoder and graph-attentional pooling layer on related tasks for which more data are available. We observe that this model outperforms reference models for the use cases of precision oncology and drug discovery; in particular, it is better able to predict the specific interaction between drug and cell line that is not explained by the general cytotoxicity of the drug and the overall survivability of the cell line. The complete source code is available at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.8020945. All experiments are based on the publicly available GDSC data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Campana
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Prasse
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Lienhard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Thedinga
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Scheffer
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paus R, Sevilla A, Grichnik JM. Human Hair Graying Revisited: Principles, Misconceptions, and Key Research Frontiers. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:474-491. [PMID: 38099887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hair graying holds psychosocial importance and serves as an excellent model for studying human pigmentation and aging in an accessible miniorgan. Current evidence suggests that graying results from an interindividually varying mixture of cumulative oxidative and DNA damage, excessive mTORC1 activity, melanocyte senescence, and inadequate production of pigmentation-promoting factors in the hair matrix. Various regulators modulate this process, including genetic factors (DNA repair defects and IRF4 sequence variation, peripheral clock genes, P-cadherin signaling, neuromediators, HGF, KIT ligand secretion, and autophagic flux. This leads to reduced MITF- and tyrosinase-controlled melanogenesis, defective melanosome transfer to precortical matrix keratinocytes, and eventual depletion of hair follicle (HF) pigmentary unit (HFPU) melanocytes and their local progenitors. Graying becomes irreversible only when bulge melanocyte stem cells are also depleted, occurring later in this process. Distinct pigmentary microenvironments are created as the HF cycles: early anagen is the most conducive phase for melanocytic reintegration and activation, and only during anagen can the phenotype of hair graying and repigmentation manifest, whereas the HFPU disassembles during catagen. The temporary reversibility of graying is highlighted by several drugs and hormones that induce repigmentation, indicating potential target pathways. We advise caution in directly applying mouse model concepts, define major open questions, and discuss future human antigraying strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - James M Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arasi MB, De Luca G, Chronopoulou L, Pedini F, Petrucci E, Flego M, Stringaro A, Colone M, Pasquini L, Spada M, Lulli V, Perrotta MC, Calin GA, Palocci C, Biffoni M, Felicetti F, Felli N. MiR126-targeted-nanoparticles combined with PI3K/AKT inhibitor as a new strategy to overcome melanoma resistance. Mol Ther 2024; 32:152-167. [PMID: 37990493 PMCID: PMC10787166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma poses significant challenges as a highly lethal disease. Despite the success of molecular targeting using BRAFV600E inhibitors (BRAFis) and immunotherapy, the emergence of early recurrence remains an issue and there is the need for novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at creating a targeted delivery system for the oncosuppressor microRNA 126 (miR126) and testing its effectiveness in combination with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor for treating metastatic melanoma resistant to BRAFis. To achieve this, we synthesized chitosan nanoparticles containing a chemically modified miR126 sequence. These nanoparticles were further functionalized with an antibody specific to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) melanoma marker. After evaluation in vitro, the efficacy of this treatment was evaluated through an in vivo experiment using mice bearing resistant human melanoma. The co-administration of miR126 and the PI3K/AKT inhibitor in these experiments significantly reduced tumor growth and inhibited the formation of liver and lung metastases. These results provide evidence for a strategy to target an oncosuppressive nucleic acid sequence to tumor cells while simultaneously protecting it from plasma degradation. The system described in this study exhibits encouraging potential for the effective treatment of therapy-resistant metastatic melanoma while also presenting a prospective approach for other forms of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Arasi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC) Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petrucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Flego
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Perrotta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC) Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Felli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim B, Lee S, Moon KC. Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity: a clinicopathologic study of 43 cases with a focus on the expression of KRAS signaling pathway downstream effectors. Hum Pathol 2023; 142:1-6. [PMID: 37797754 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) is a renal tumor with frequent KRAS mutations. In this study, we aimed to report the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of PRNRP and the protein expression of various KRAS signaling pathway downstream effectors in PRNRP. PRNRP samples from patients who underwent surgical resection at Seoul National University Hospital over an 11-year period (January 2011 to December 2021) were analyzed. We identified 43 PRNRPs, defined as papillary renal tumors with a thin papillary architecture, eosinophilic finely granular cytoplasm, and apical nuclear position. Immunohistochemistry revealed typical characteristics of PRNRP, including exclusively positive GATA3 (43/43); highly positive L1CAM (43/43), PAX8 (43/43), and EMA (43/43); and low positive AMACR (4/43), RCC (1/43), and vimentin (1/43). KRAS signaling pathway effectors, such as p-ERK, RalA, and RalB, were highly expressed in PRNRP compared to papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) with low or high nuclear grade (P < .001, all). Compared to pRCC with high nuclear grade, patients with PRNRP exhibited significantly longer progression-free survival (P < .001). PRNRP showed the best clinical outcome, with no disease progression in any of the cases. Our study analyzed the largest number of PRNRP cases and is the first to analyze the association between PRNRP and the KRAS downstream signaling pathway. PRNRP was found at a high frequency among all papillary renal tumors (43/207) and demonstrated a very good prognosis. PRNRP showed high GATA3, L1CAM, PAX8, and EMA protein expression as well as high p-ERK, RalA, and RalB protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hibler W, Merlino G, Yu Y. CAR NK Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Potential & Prospects. Cells 2023; 12:2750. [PMID: 38067178 PMCID: PMC10706172 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most lethal forms of cancer, accounting for 80% of deaths despite comprising just 5% of skin cancer cases. Treatment options remain limited due to the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with melanoma heterogeneity that underlie the rapid development of secondary drug resistance. For this reason, the development of novel treatments remains paramount to the improvement of patient outcomes. Although the advent of chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapies has led to many clinical successes for hematological malignancies, these treatments are limited in their utility by their immune-induced side effects and a high risk of systemic toxicities. CAR natural killer (CAR-NK) cell immunotherapies are a particularly promising alternative to CAR-T cell immunotherapies, as they offer a more favorable safety profile and have the capacity for fine-tuned cytotoxic activity. In this review, the discussion of the prospects and potential of CAR-NK cell immunotherapies touches upon the clinical contexts of melanoma, the immunobiology of NK cells, the immunosuppressive barriers preventing endogenous immune cells from eliminating tumors, and the structure and design of chimeric antigen receptors, then finishes with a series of proposed design innovations that could improve the efficacy CAR-NK cell immunotherapies in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adnan M, Akhter MH, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Ahmad I, Alossaimi MA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Haider T, Haider MF. Exploring Nanocarriers as Treatment Modalities for Skin Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:5905. [PMID: 37570875 PMCID: PMC10421083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a progressive disease of multi-factorial origin that has risen worldwide, probably due to changes in lifestyle, food intake, and environmental changes as some of the reasons. Skin cancer can be classified into melanomas from melanocytes and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from the epidermally-derived cell. Together it constitutes about 95% of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are creditworthy of 99% of NMSC due to the limited accessibility of conventional formulations in skin cancer cells of having multiple obstacles in treatment reply to this therapeutic regime. Despite this, it often encounters erratic bioavailability and absorption to the target. Nanoparticles developed through nanotechnology platforms could be the better topical skin cancer therapy option. To improve the topical delivery, the nano-sized delivery system is appropriate as it fuses with the cutaneous layer and fluidized membrane; thus, the deeper penetration of therapeutics could be possible to reach the target spot. This review briefly outlooks the various nanoparticle preparations, i.e., liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, transethosomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles technologies tested into skin cancer and impede their progress tend to concentrate in the skin layers. Nanocarriers have proved that they can considerably boost medication bioavailability, lowering the frequency of dosage and reducing the toxicity associated with high doses of the medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Md. Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Md. Faheem Haider
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kosnopfel C, Wendlinger S, Niessner H, Siewert J, Sinnberg T, Hofmann A, Wohlfarth J, Schrama D, Berthold M, Siedel C, Sauer B, Jayanthan A, Lenz G, Dunn SE, Schilling B, Schittek B. Inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases disrupts melanoma cell growth and immune evasion. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:175. [PMID: 37464364 PMCID: PMC10354913 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is frequently hyperactivated in malignant melanoma and its inhibition has proved to be an efficient treatment option for cases harboring BRAFV600 mutations (BRAFMut). However, there is still a significant need for effective targeted therapies for patients with other melanoma subgroups characterized by constitutive MAPK activation, such as tumors with NRAS or NF-1 alterations (NRASMut, NF-1LOF), as well as for patients with MAPK pathway inhibitor-resistant BRAFMut melanomas, which commonly exhibit a reactivation of this pathway. p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) represent central effectors of MAPK signaling, regulating cell cycle progression and survival. METHODS RSK activity and the functional effects of its inhibition by specific small molecule inhibitors were investigated in established melanoma cell lines and patient-derived short-term cultures from different MAPK pathway-hyperactivated genomic subgroups (NRASMut, BRAFMut, NF-1LOF). Real-time qPCR, immunoblots and flow cytometric cell surface staining were used to explore the molecular changes following RSK inhibition. The effect on melanoma cell growth was evaluated by various two- and three-dimensional in vitro assays as well as with melanoma xenograft mouse models. Co-cultures with gp100- or Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T cells were used to assess immunogenicity of melanoma cells and associated T-cell responses. RESULTS In line with elevated activity of the MAPK/RSK signaling axis, growth and survival of not only BRAFMut but also NRASMut and NF-1LOF melanoma cells were significantly impaired by RSK inhibitors. Intriguingly, RSK inhibition was particularly effective in three-dimensional growth settings with long-term chronic drug exposure and suppressed tumor cell growth of in vivo melanoma models. Additionally, our study revealed that RSK inhibition simultaneously promoted differentiation and immunogenicity of the tumor cells leading to enhanced T-cell activation and melanoma cell killing. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, RSK inhibitors exhibited both multi-layered anti-tumor efficacy and broad applicability across different genomic melanoma subgroups. RSK inhibition may therefore represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy for malignant melanoma with hyperactivated MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Wendlinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Siewert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wohlfarth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marion Berthold
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Siedel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, melanoma has led the field in new cancer treatments, with impressive gains in on-treatment survival but more modest improvements in overall survival. Melanoma presents heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity that recapitulates distinct melanocyte developmental states and phenotypes, allowing it to adapt to and eventually escape even the most advanced treatments. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, the melanoma cell of origin is still fiercely debated because both melanocyte stem cells and mature melanocytes can be transformed. Animal models and high-throughput single-cell sequencing approaches have opened new opportunities to address this question. Here, we discuss the melanocytic journey from the neural crest, where they emerge as melanoblasts, to the fully mature pigmented melanocytes resident in several tissues. We describe a new understanding of melanocyte biology and the different melanocyte subpopulations and microenvironments they inhabit, and how this provides unique insights into melanoma initiation and progression. We highlight recent findings on melanoma heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity and their implications for exciting new research areas and treatment opportunities. The lessons from melanocyte biology reveal how cells that are present to protect us from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation reach back to their origins to become a potentially deadly cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Centeno
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Valeria Pavet
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
- Oncodrug Ltd, Alderly Park, Macclesfield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toderascu LI, Sima LE, Orobeti S, Florian PE, Icriverzi M, Maraloiu VA, Comanescu C, Iacob N, Kuncser V, Antohe I, Popescu-Pelin G, Stanciu G, Ionita P, Mihailescu CN, Socol G. Synthesis and Anti-Melanoma Activity of L-Cysteine-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:621. [PMID: 36838989 PMCID: PMC9966685 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the synthesis of L-Cysteine (L-Cys)-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox). The Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox NPs were extensively characterized for their compositional and morpho-structural features using EDS, SAED, XRD, FTIR and TEM. XPS, Mӧssbauer spectroscopy and SQUID measurements were also performed to determine the electronic and magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox nanoparticles. Moreover, by means of a FO-SPR sensor, we evidenced and confirmed the binding of Dox to L-Cys. Biological tests on mouse (B16F10) and human (A375) metastatic melanoma cells evidenced the internalization of magnetic nanoparticles delivering Dox. Half maximum inhibitory concentration IC50 values of Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox were determined for both cell lines: 4.26 µg/mL for A375 and 2.74 µg/mL for B16F10, as compared to 60.74 and 98.75 µg/mL, respectively, for unloaded controls. Incubation of cells with Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox modulated MAPK signaling pathway activity 3 h post-treatment and produced cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis by 48 h. We show that within the first 2 h of incubation in physiological (pH = 7.4) media, ~10-15 µM Dox/h was released from a 200 µg/mL Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox solution, as compared to double upon incubation in citrate solution (pH = 3), which resembles acidic environment conditions. Our results highlight the potential of Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox NPs as efficient drug delivery vehicles in melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Izabela Toderascu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Elena Sima
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefana Orobeti
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Madalina Icriverzi
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cezar Comanescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Nicusor Iacob
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Victor Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Iulia Antohe
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Gianina Popescu-Pelin
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - George Stanciu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian N. Mihailescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Slater K, Bosch R, Smith KF, Jahangir CA, Garcia-Mulero S, Rahman A, O’Connell F, Piulats JM, O’Neill V, Horgan N, Coupland SE, O’Sullivan J, Gallagher WM, Villanueva A, Kennedy BN. 1,4-dihydroxy quininib modulates the secretome of uveal melanoma tumour explants and a marker of oxidative phosphorylation in a metastatic xenograft model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1036322. [PMID: 36698840 PMCID: PMC9868667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular cancer with propensity for liver metastases. The median overall survival (OS) for metastatic UM (MUM) is 1.07 years, with a reported range of 0.84-1.34. In primary UM, high cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) expression associates with poor outcomes. CysLT1 antagonists, quininib and 1,4-dihydroxy quininib, alter cancer hallmarks of primary and metastatic UM cell lines in vitro. Here, the clinical relevance of CysLT receptors and therapeutic potential of quininib analogs is elaborated in UM using preclinical in vivo orthotopic xenograft models and ex vivo patient samples. Immunohistochemical staining of an independent cohort (n = 64) of primary UM patients confirmed high CysLT1 expression significantly associates with death from metastatic disease (p = 0.02; HR 2.28; 95% CI 1.08-4.78), solidifying the disease relevance of CysLT1 in UM. In primary UM samples (n = 11) cultured as ex vivo explants, 1,4-dihydroxy quininib significantly alters the secretion of IL-13, IL-2, and TNF-α. In an orthotopic, cell line-derived xenograft model of MUM, 1,4-dihydroxy quininib administered intraperitoneally at 25 mg/kg significantly decreases ATP5B expression (p = 0.03), a marker of oxidative phosphorylation. In UM, high ATP5F1B is a poor prognostic indicator, whereas low ATP5F1B, in combination with disomy 3, correlates with an absence of metastatic disease in the TCGA-UM dataset. These preclinical data highlight the diagnostic potential of CysLT1 and ATP5F1B in UM, and the therapeutic potential of 1,4-dihydroxy quininib with ATP5F1B as a companion diagnostic to treat MUM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Slater
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Xenopat S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaelin Francis Smith
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Garcia-Mulero
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arman Rahman
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josep M. Piulats
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)-OncoBell, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M. Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Xenopat S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Breandán N. Kennedy,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Corrales E, Levit-Zerdoun E, Metzger P, Mertes R, Lehmann A, Münch J, Lemke S, Kowar S, Boerries M. PI3K/AKT signaling allows for MAPK/ERK pathway independency mediating dedifferentiation-driven treatment resistance in melanoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:187. [PMID: 36434616 PMCID: PMC9700886 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapeutic management of advanced melanoma patients largely depends on their BRAF mutation status. However, the vast heterogeneity of the tumors hampers the success of therapies targeting the MAPK/ERK pathway alone. Dissecting this heterogeneity will contribute to identifying key players in the oncogenic progression to tailor more effective therapies. METHODS We performed a comprehensive molecular and phenotypic characterization of a panel of patient-derived BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cell lines. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify groups of coregulated genes whose expression relates to an increased migratory potential and a higher resistance. RESULTS A decrease in sensitivity to MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition with vemurafenib or trametinib corresponded with an increasing quiescence and migratory properties of the cells. This was accompanied by the loss of transcriptional signatures of melanocytic differentiation, and the gain of stem cell features that conferred highly-resistant/mesenchymal-like cells with increased xenobiotic efflux capacity. Nevertheless, targeting of the implicated ABC transporters did not improve the response to vemurafenib, indicating that incomplete BRAF inhibition due to reduced drug uptake is not a main driver of resistance. Rather, indifference to MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition arose from the activation of compensatory signaling cascades. The PI3K/AKT pathway in particular showed a higher activity in mesenchymal-like cells, conferring a lower dependency on MAPK/ERK signaling and supporting stem-like properties that could be reverted by dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition with dactolisib. CONCLUSIONS In case of MAPK/ERK independency, therapeutic focus may be shifted to the PI3K/AKT pathway to overcome late-stage resistance in melanoma tumors that have acquired a mesenchymal phenotype. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyleen Corrales
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ella Levit-Zerdoun
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Metzger
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Mertes
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ariane Lehmann
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Münch
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Lemke
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Kowar
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine (IBSM), University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shabna A, Antony J, Vijayakurup V, Saikia M, Liju VB, Retnakumari AP, Amrutha NA, Alex VV, Swetha M, Aiswarya SU, Jannet S, Unni US, Sundaram S, Sherin DR, Anto NP, Bava SV, Chittalakkottu S, Ran S, Anto RJ. Pharmacological attenuation of melanoma by tryptanthrin pertains to the suppression of MITF-M through MEK/ERK signaling axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:478. [PMID: 35948813 PMCID: PMC11072980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive among all types of skin cancers. The current strategies against melanoma utilize BRAFV600E, as a focal point for targeted therapy. However, therapy resistance developed in melanoma patients against the conventional anti-melanoma drugs hinders the ultimate benefits of targeted therapies. A major mechanism by which melanoma cells attain therapy resistance is via the activation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M), the key transcription factor and oncogene aiding the survival of melanoma cells. We demonstrate that tryptanthrin (Tpn), an indole quinazoline alkaloid, which we isolated and characterized from Wrightia tinctoria, exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity towards human melanoma through the down-regulation of MITF-M. Microarray analysis of Tpn-treated melanoma cells followed by a STRING protein association network analysis revealed that differential expression of genes in melanoma converges at MITF-M. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted using melanoma cells with differential MITF-M expression status, endogenously or ectopically, demonstrated that the anti-melanoma activity of Tpn is decisively contingent on its efficacy in down-regulating MITF-M expression. Tpn potentiates the degradation of MITF-M via the modulation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MITF-M signaling cascades. Murine models demonstrate the efficacy of Tpn in attenuating the migration and metastasis of melanoma cells, while remaining pharmacologically safe. In addition, Tpn suppresses the expression of mutated BRAFV600E and inhibits Casein Kinase 2α, a pro-survival enzyme that regulates ERK1/2 homeostasis in many tumor types, including melanoma. Together, we point to a promising anti-melanoma drug in Tpn, by virtue of its attributes to impede melanoma invasion and metastasis by attenuating MITF-M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Shabna
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jayesh Antony
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Minakshi Saikia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Vijayasteltar B Liju
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Archana P Retnakumari
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Nisthul A Amrutha
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Vijai V Alex
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreekumar U Aiswarya
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Somaraj Jannet
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Uma Subramanian Unni
- KRIBS-BioNest, Third Campus of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, 686008, India
| | - Daisy R Sherin
- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Karyavattom, Kazhakkoottam, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Smitha V Bava
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Sadasivan Chittalakkottu
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University-School of Medicine, PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ponatinib-induced eruptive nevi and melanocytic proliferation. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:59-62. [PMID: 34939982 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ponatinib, an oral third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of imatinib-resistant leukemia. We experienced a case of ponatinib-induced eruptive nevi, and the biologic effects of ponatinib on melanocytes were investigated. Treatment with ponatinib significantly increased the proliferation of normal human melanocyte or melanoma cells through the upregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B signaling pathways. The downstream molecules of cyclin B1 and D1 were significantly increased in ponatinib-treated melanocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of ponatinib to induce the proliferation and tumorigenesis of melanocytes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of Biomarkers in the Integrated Management of Melanoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2021:6238317. [PMID: 35003391 PMCID: PMC8739586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6238317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, which is an aggressive skin cancer, is currently the fifth and seventh most common cancer in men and women, respectively. The American Cancer Society reported that approximately 106,110 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed in the United States in 2021, with 7,180 people dying from the disease. This information could facilitate the early detection of possible metastatic lesions and the development of novel therapeutic techniques for melanoma. Additionally, early detection of malignant melanoma remains an objective of melanoma research. Recently, melanoma treatment has substantially improved, given the availability of targeted treatments and immunotherapy. These developments have highlighted the significance of identifying biomarkers for prognosis and predicting therapy response. Biomarkers included tissue protein expression, circulating DNA detection, and genetic alterations in cancer cells. Improved diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly relevant in melanoma treatment, with the development of newer and more targeted treatments. Here, the author discusses the aspects of biomarkers in the real-time management of patients with melanoma.
Collapse
|
16
|
Negreti AA, Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Pressete CG, Fonseca R, Candido CC, Graminha AE, Doriguetto AC, Caixeta ES, Hanemann JAC, Castro-Gamero AM, Barbosa MIF, Miyazawa M, Ionta M. Ruthenium( ii) complex containing cinnamic acid derivative inhibits cell cycle progression at G0/G1 and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with a limited targeted therapy arsenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alvim Negreti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Girotto Pressete
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio C. Candido
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelica E. Graminha
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, zip code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Siqueira Caixeta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Science, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilia I. F. Barbosa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aldaz P, Arozarena I. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult Glioblastoma: An (Un)Closed Chapter? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5799. [PMID: 34830952 PMCID: PMC8616487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of malignant brain tumor. GBM patients normally undergo surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Numerous studies into the molecular events driving GBM highlight the central role played by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), as well as the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors PDGFRA and PDGFRB in tumor initiation and progression. Despite strong preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target EGFR, PDGFRs, and other tyrosine kinases, clinical trials performed during the last 20 years have not led to the desired therapeutic breakthrough for GBM patients. While clinical trials are still ongoing, in the medical community there is the perception of TKIs as a lost opportunity in the fight against GBM. In this article, we review the scientific rationale for the use of TKIs targeting glioma drivers. We critically analyze the potential causes for the failure of TKIs in the treatment of GBM, and we propose alternative approaches to the clinical evaluation of TKIs in GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aldaz
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilmerding A, Bouteille L, Rinaldi L, Caruso N, Graba Y, Delfini MC. HOXB8 Counteracts MAPK/ERK Oncogenic Signaling in a Chicken Embryo Model of Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8911. [PMID: 34445617 PMCID: PMC8396257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HOX transcription factors are members of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins required for the establishment of the anteroposterior body axis during bilaterian development. Although they are often deregulated in cancers, the molecular mechanisms by which they act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are only partially understood. Since the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is deregulated in most cancers, we aimed at apprehending if and how the Hox proteins interact with ERK oncogenicity. Using an in vivo neoplasia model in the chicken embryo consisting in the overactivation of the ERK1/2 kinases in the trunk neural tube, we analyzed the consequences of the HOXB8 gain of function at the morphological and transcriptional levels. We found that HOXB8 acts as a tumor suppressor, counteracting ERK-induced neoplasia. The HOXB8 tumor suppressor function relies on a large reversion of the oncogenic transcriptome induced by ERK. In addition to showing that the HOXB8 protein controls the transcriptional responsiveness to ERK oncogenic signaling, our study identified new downstream targets of ERK oncogenic activation in an in vivo context that could provide clues for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Wilmerding
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
| | - Lauranne Bouteille
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Rinaldi
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Harvard Initiative of RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Caruso
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
| | - Marie-Claire Delfini
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), 13288 Marseille, France; (A.W.); (L.B.); (L.R.); (N.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Gomez-Varela D, Erdmann G, Kaschube K, Segelcke D, Schmidt M. A proteome signature for acute incisional pain in dorsal root ganglia of mice. Pain 2021; 162:2070-2086. [PMID: 33492035 PMCID: PMC8208099 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT After surgery, acute pain is still managed insufficiently and may lead to short-term and long-term complications including chronic postsurgical pain and an increased prescription of opioids. Thus, identifying new targets specifically implicated in postoperative pain is of utmost importance to develop effective and nonaddictive analgesics. Here, we used an integrated and multimethod workflow to reveal unprecedented insights into proteome dynamics in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice after plantar incision (INC). Based on a detailed characterization of INC-associated pain-related behavior profiles, including a novel paradigm for nonevoked pain, we performed quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics in DRG 1 day after INC. Our data revealed a hitherto unknown INC-regulated protein signature in DRG with changes in distinct proteins and cellular signaling pathways. In particular, we show the differential regulation of 44 protein candidates, many of which are annotated with pathways related to immune and inflammatory responses such as MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling. Subsequent orthogonal assays comprised multiplex Western blotting, bioinformatic protein network analysis, and immunolabeling in independent mouse cohorts to validate (1) the INC-induced regulation of immune/inflammatory pathways and (2) the high priority candidate Annexin A1. Taken together, our results propose novel potential targets in the context of incision and, therefore, represent a highly valuable resource for further mechanistic and translational studies of postoperative pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther M. Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Kaschube
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alhelf M, Rashed LA, Ragab N, Elmasry MF. Association between long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 and microRNA-377 in vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:199-207. [PMID: 34014568 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is one of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that plays a role in melanogenesis. MicroRNA-377 (miRNA-377) is a conserved noncoding RNA that regulates angiogenesis and promotes oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are components of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPAR-γ activators stimulate melanogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several immunological diseases. This work aimed at detecting the expression levels of lncRNA TUG1, miRNA-377, PPAR-γ, and IL-17 among vitiligo subjects and to investigate their possible role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. METHODS This study was conducted on 30 healthy controls and 30 vitiligo patients. LncRNA TUG1 and miRNA-377 were detected in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, expressions of PPAR-γ and IL-17 were assessed in tissue by real-time PCR. RESULTS LncRNA TUG1 and PPAR-γ levels were significantly downregulated in the vitiligo group compared with the control group. On the other hand, miRNA-377 and IL-17 were significantly upregulated in the vitiligo group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the dysregulated expressions of lncRNA TUG1 and miRNA-377 in patients with vitiligo suggesting that both contributed to the pathogenesis of vitiligo that might be through PPAR-γ downregulation and IL-17 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alhelf
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biotechnology School, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura Ragab
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha F Elmasry
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ostojić J, Yoon YS, Sonntag T, Nguyen B, Vaughan JM, Shokhirev M, Montminy M. Transcriptional co-activator regulates melanocyte differentiation and oncogenesis by integrating cAMP and MAPK/ERK pathways. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109136. [PMID: 34010639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP pathway promotes melanocyte differentiation by activating CREB and the cAMP-regulated transcription co-activators 1-3 (CRTC1-3). Differentiation is dysregulated in melanomas, although the contributions of CRTC proteins is unclear. We report a selective differentiation impairment in CRTC3 KO melanocytes and melanoma cells, due to downregulation of oculo-cutaneous albinism II (OCA2) and block of melanosome maturation. CRTC3 stimulates OCA2 expression by binding to CREB on a conserved enhancer, a regulatory site for pigmentation and melanoma risk. CRTC3 is uniquely activated by ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation at Ser391 and by low levels of cAMP. Phosphorylation at Ser391 is constitutively elevated in human melanoma cells with hyperactivated ERK1/2 signaling; knockout of CRTC3 in this setting impairs anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasiveness, whereas CRTC3 overexpression supports cell survival in response to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor vemurafenib. As melanomas expressing gain-of-function mutations in CRTC3 are associated with reduced survival, our results suggest that CRTC3 inhibition may provide therapeutic benefit in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ostojić
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Young-Sil Yoon
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tim Sonntag
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Billy Nguyen
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joan M Vaughan
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Shokhirev
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Granados K, Poelchen J, Novak D, Utikal J. Cellular Reprogramming-A Model for Melanoma Cellular Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218274. [PMID: 33167306 PMCID: PMC7663830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity of cancer cells is often associated with phenotypic heterogeneity and drug resistance and thus remains a major challenge for the treatment of melanoma and other types of cancer. Melanoma cells have the capacity to switch their phenotype during tumor progression, from a proliferative and differentiated phenotype to a more invasive and dedifferentiated phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms driving this phenotype switch are not yet fully understood. Considering that cellular heterogeneity within the tumor contributes to the high plasticity typically observed in melanoma, it is crucial to generate suitable models to investigate this phenomenon in detail. Here, we discuss the use of complete and partial reprogramming into induced pluripotent cancer (iPC) cells as a tool to obtain new insights into melanoma cellular plasticity. We consider this a relevant topic due to the high plasticity of melanoma cells and its association with a strong resistance to standard anticancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Granados
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.P.); (D.N.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Juliane Poelchen
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.P.); (D.N.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Novak
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.P.); (D.N.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.P.); (D.N.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Cicco P, Busà R, Ercolano G, Formisano C, Allegra M, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Ianaro A. Inhibitory effects of cynaropicrin on human melanoma progression by targeting MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf-2 signaling pathways in vitro. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1432-1442. [PMID: 33058354 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, due to its propensity to metastasize. MAPKs and NF-κB pathways are constitutively activated in melanoma and promote cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapeutic regimens. Thus, they represent potential targets for melanoma prevention and treatment. Phytochemicals are gaining considerable attention for the management of melanoma because of their several cellular and molecular targets. A screening of a small library of sesquiterpenes lactones selected cynaropicrin, isolated from the aerial parts of Centaurea drabifolia subsp. detonsa, for its potential anticancer effect against melanoma cells. Treatment of human melanoma cells A375 with cynaropicrin resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, cynaropicrin reduced several cellular malignant features such migration, invasion, and colonies formation through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and NF-κB activity. Cynaropicrin was able to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, which are involved in all the stages of carcinogenesis. Indeed, cynaropicrin increased the expression of several antioxidant genes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase and heme oxygenase-1, by promoting the activation of the transcription factor Nrf-2. In conclusion, our results individuate cynaropicrin as a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for melanoma by targeting several protumorigenic signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gkiala A, Palioura S. Conjunctival Melanoma: Update on Genetics, Epigenetics and Targeted Molecular and Immune-Based Therapies. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3137-3152. [PMID: 33116365 PMCID: PMC7553763 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s271569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of conjunctival melanoma (CM) and review the existing literature on targeted molecular inhibitors as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors for the management of locally advanced and metastatic disease. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using the keywords "conjunctival melanoma", "immune checkpoint inhibitors", "BRAF inhibitors", "MEK inhibitors", "CTLA4 inhibitors", "PD1 inhibitors", "c-KIT mutations", "BRAF mutations", "NRAS mutations", "dabrafenib", "trametinib", "vemurafenib", "ipilimumab", "pembrolizumab", and "nivolumab". A total of 250 articles were reviewed and 120 were included in this report. Results Mutations of mediators in the MAP kinase pathway, such as RAS, BRAF, MEK and ERK, and mutations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway play a major role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival melanoma. In addition, alterations of c-KIT, NF1, TERT, chemokine receptors as well as chromosomal copy number alterations and micro RNAs are thought to have a causative association with CM development. Targeted molecular inhibitors, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, are currently being implemented in the therapy of BRAF-mutated CM. Furthermore, immune checkpoint PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors with favorable clinical outcomes in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma have increased recurrence-free survival and reduced metastatic spread in CM cases. Conclusion The complex molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of CM can be targeted both by molecular inhibitors of oncogenic pathways as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors in order to halt progression of the disease and increase survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gkiala
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
The TERT copy number gain is sensitive to telomerase inhibitors in human melanoma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:193-205. [PMID: 31919521 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) copy number gain is frequently observed in Asian melanoma patients. Here, we explored the correlation between TERT copy number and the effect of telomerase inhibitors in melanoma. A total of 78 melanoma cases were enrolled in the study. The TERT copy number was examined by QuantiGene Plex DNA assay. The sensitivity to telomerase inhibitors was evaluated in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with or without TERT copy number gain. Among the 78 patients, 33.3% showed TERT copy number gain, and the incidence of this gain in acral melanoma (61.5%) was higher than that in other melanoma subtypes (P=0.02). The telomerase inhibitors 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-Thio-dG) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited cell viability and repressed tumor growth in PDX models with TERT copy number gain. TERT copy number gain is frequently observed in Chinese patients with melanoma. Targeting telomerase may benefit melanoma patients with TERT copy number gain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Diazzi S, Tartare-Deckert S, Deckert M. Bad Neighborhood: Fibrotic Stroma as a New Player in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061364. [PMID: 32466585 PMCID: PMC7352197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma include immunotherapies and drugs targeting key molecules of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is often activated by BRAF driver mutations. Overall responses from patients with metastatic BRAF mutant melanoma are better with therapies combining BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. However, most patients that initially respond to therapies develop drug resistance within months. Acquired resistance to targeted therapies can be due to additional genetic alterations in melanoma cells and to non-genetic events frequently associated with transcriptional reprogramming and a dedifferentiated cell state. In this second scenario, it is possible to identify pro-fibrotic responses induced by targeted therapies that contribute to the alteration of the melanoma tumor microenvironment. A close interrelationship between chronic fibrosis and cancer has been established for several malignancies including breast and pancreatic cancers. In this context, the contribution of fibrosis to drug adaptation and therapy resistance in melanoma is rapidly emerging. In this review, we summarize recent evidence underlining the hallmarks of fibrotic diseases in drug-exposed and resistant melanoma, including increased remodeling of the extracellular matrix, enhanced actin cytoskeleton plasticity, high sensitivity to mechanical cues, and the establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment. We also discuss several potential therapeutic options for manipulating this fibrotic-like response to combat drug-resistant and invasive melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Diazzi
- C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, 06204 Nice, France;
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, 06204 Nice, France;
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (S.T.-D.); (M.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-489064310 (S.T.-D. & M.D.)
| | - Marcel Deckert
- C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, 06204 Nice, France;
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (S.T.-D.); (M.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-489064310 (S.T.-D. & M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tran B, Cohen MS. The discovery and development of binimetinib for the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:745-754. [PMID: 32249628 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1746265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binimetinib is an uncompetitive, small-molecule inhibitor of selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2) and was recently approved in 2018 in combination with encorafenib for the treatment of metastatic melanomas. Preclinical and clinical trial data on the drug demonstrate its potent efficacy in cancers, especially melanomas with BRAF and NRAS mutations. AREAS COVERED The authors review the preclinical as well as clinical Phase 1, 2 and 3 trial data leading to its FDA approval in 2018 for metastatic melanoma. Phase 3 data in combination with encorafenib demonstrated double the PFS (14.9 months) compared to vemurafenib alone (7.3 months) in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. EXPERT OPINION No longer-term data is available yet to demonstrate any durable complete responses to therapy with binimetinib or improvements in overall survival compared to other FDA-approved therapies including immunotherapy or vemurafenib. Treatment approaches to patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma should be individualized and binimetinib in combination with encorafenib is a reasonable oral strategy with a reasonably tolerated toxicity profile. The cost of treatment and durability of response should be incorporated into the discussion as part of the overall medical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kozak K, Kowalik A, Gos A, Wasag B, Lugowska I, Jurkowska M, Krawczynska N, Kosela-Paterczyk H, Switaj T, Teterycz P, Klimczak A, Siedlecki JA, Chlopek M, Kalisz J, Limon J, Rutkowski P. Cell-free DNA BRAF V600E measurements during BRAF inhibitor therapy of metastatic melanoma: long-term analysis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 106:300891619900928. [PMID: 32026754 DOI: 10.1177/0300891619900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the status of the BRAF V600E mutation in cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) isolated from the plasma of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, collected at different time points during therapy to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and the correlation between the level of plasma cfDNA p.V600E and the long-term clinical outcome. METHODS cfDNA in patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma (n = 62) was analyzed at baseline and at 4-8 weeks from the start of vemurafenib therapy. BRAF mutations were assessed using tumor tissue-derived DNA and circulating cfDNA from plasma samples. Quantification of BRAF V600E was performed in cfDNA using ddPCR. RESULTS cfDNA V600E was detected in the plasma of 48/62 (77%) patients at baseline and in 18/62 (29%) patients after 4-8 weeks of treatment. Patients positive for BRAF mutations in cfDNA at baseline had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with patients with undetectable cfDNA BRAF mutations. Undetectable cfDNA p.V600E at baseline and after 4-8 weeks of therapy was associated with the best prognosis. When treated as a continuous variable, the log-transformed concentration of baseline cfDNA p.V600E was significantly associated with both PFS and OS. This effect was retained in the multivariate OS Cox model adjusted for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, the presence of brain metastases, patient age, and previous systemic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of plasma BRAF p.V600E cfDNA concentrations in patients with metastatic melanoma on targeted therapy may have prognostic value. Undetectable cfDNA p.V600E before and during treatment was associated with a favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gos
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Lugowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Krawczynska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Kosela-Paterczyk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Switaj
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Teterycz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Klimczak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chlopek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalisz
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Limon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haeger A, Alexander S, Vullings M, Kaiser FM, Veelken C, Flucke U, Koehl GE, Hirschberg M, Flentje M, Hoffman RM, Geissler EK, Kissler S, Friedl P. Collective cancer invasion forms an integrin-dependent radioresistant niche. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20181184. [PMID: 31658985 PMCID: PMC7037234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer fatalities result from metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance, both processes that depend on signals from the tumor microenvironment. To identify how invasion and resistance programs cooperate, we used intravital microscopy of orthotopic sarcoma and melanoma xenografts. We demonstrate that these tumors invade collectively and that, specifically, cells within the invasion zone acquire increased resistance to radiotherapy, rapidly normalize DNA damage, and preferentially survive. Using a candidate-based approach to identify effectors of invasion-associated resistance, we targeted β1 and αVβ3/β5 integrins, essential extracellular matrix receptors in mesenchymal tumors, which mediate cancer progression and resistance. Combining radiotherapy with β1 or αV integrin monotargeting in invading tumors led to relapse and metastasis in 40-60% of the cohort, in line with recently failed clinical trials individually targeting integrins. However, when combined, anti-β1/αV integrin dual targeting achieved relapse-free radiosensitization and prevented metastatic escape. Collectively, invading cancer cells thus withstand radiotherapy and DNA damage by β1/αVβ3/β5 integrin cross-talk, but efficient radiosensitization can be achieved by multiple integrin targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Alexander
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fabian M.P. Kaiser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun E. Koehl
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hirschberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Genome-wide screening identifies novel genes implicated in cellular sensitivity to BRAF V600E expression. Oncogene 2019; 39:723-738. [PMID: 31548614 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The V600E mutation of BRAF (BRAFV600E), which constitutively activates the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, is frequently found in melanoma and other cancers. Like most other oncogenes, BRAFV600E causes oncogenic stress to normal cells, leading to growth arrest (senescence) or apoptosis. Through genome-wide screening, we identified genes implicated in sensitivity of human skin melanocytes and fibroblasts to BRAFV600E overexpression. Among the identified genes shared by the two cell types are proto-oncogenes ERK2, a component of the ERK/MAPK pathway, and VAV1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases that also activates the ERK/MAPK pathway. CDKN1A, which has been known to promote senescence of fibroblasts but not melanocytes, is implicated in sensitivity of the fibroblasts but not the melanocytes to BRAFV600E overexpression. Disruptions of GPR4, a pH-sensing G-protein coupled receptor, and DBT, a subunit of the branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase that is required for the second and rate-limiting step of branched amino acid catabolism and implicated in maple syrup urine disease, are the most highly selected in the melanocytes upon BRAFV600E overexpression. Disruption of DBT severely attenuates ERK/MAPK signaling, p53 activation, and apoptosis in melanocytes, at least in part due to accumulation of branched chain α-keto acids. The expression level of BRAF positively correlates with that of DBT in all cancer types and with that of GPR4 in most cancer types. Overexpression of DBT kills all four melanoma cell lines tested regardless of the presence of BRAFV600E mutation. Our findings shed new lights on regulations of oncogenic stress signaling and may be informative for development of novel cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gómez-Abenza E, Ibáñez-Molero S, García-Moreno D, Fuentes I, Zon LI, Mione MC, Cayuela ML, Gabellini C, Mulero V. Zebrafish modeling reveals that SPINT1 regulates the aggressiveness of skin cutaneous melanoma and its crosstalk with tumor immune microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:405. [PMID: 31519199 PMCID: PMC6743187 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer and while incidence rates are declining for most cancers, they have been steadily rising for SKCM. Serine protease inhibitor, kunitz-type, 1 (SPINT1) is a type II transmembrane serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to be involved in the development of several types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. METHODS We used the unique advantages of the zebrafish to model the impact of Spint1a deficiency in early transformation, progression and metastatic invasion of SKCM together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of SPINT1 genetic alterations of the SKCM TCGA cohort. RESULTS We report here a high prevalence of SPINT1 genetic alterations in SKCM patients and their association with altered tumor immune microenvironment and poor patient survival. The zebrafish model reveals that Spint1a deficiency facilitates oncogenic transformation, regulates the tumor immune microenvironment crosstalk, accelerates the onset of SKCM and promotes metastatic invasion. Notably, Spint1a deficiency is required at both cell autonomous and non-autonomous levels to enhance invasiveness of SKCM. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel therapeutic target for SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gómez-Abenza
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sofía Ibáñez-Molero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maria C. Mione
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Biology, Cibio, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - María L. Cayuela
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Present Address: Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fufa TD, Baxter LL, Wedel JC, Gildea DE, Loftus SK, Pavan WJ. MEK inhibition remodels the active chromatin landscape and induces SOX10 genomic recruitment in BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:50. [PMID: 31399133 PMCID: PMC6688322 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is an essential regulator of numerous cell processes that are crucial for normal development as well as cancer progression. While much is known regarding MAPK/ERK signal conveyance from the cell membrane to the nucleus, the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that govern gene expression downstream of MAPK signaling are not fully elucidated. Results This study employed an integrated epigenome analysis approach to interrogate the effects of MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition on the global transcriptome, the active chromatin landscape, and protein–DNA interactions in 501mel melanoma cells. Treatment of these cells with the small-molecule MEK inhibitor AZD6244 induces hyperpigmentation, widespread gene expression changes including alteration of genes linked to pigmentation, and extensive epigenomic reprogramming of transcriptionally distinct regulatory regions associated with the active chromatin mark H3K27ac. Regulatory regions with differentially acetylated H3K27ac regions following AZD6244 treatment are enriched in transcription factor binding motifs of ETV/ETS and ATF family members as well as the lineage-determining factors MITF and SOX10. H3K27ac-dense enhancer clusters known as super-enhancers show similar transcription factor motif enrichment, and furthermore, these super-enhancers are associated with genes encoding MITF, SOX10, and ETV/ETS proteins. Along with genome-wide resetting of the active enhancer landscape, MEK inhibition also results in widespread SOX10 recruitment throughout the genome, including increased SOX10 binding density at H3K27ac-marked enhancers. Importantly, these MEK inhibitor-responsive enhancers marked by H3K27ac and occupied by SOX10 are located near melanocyte lineage-specific and pigmentation genes and overlap numerous human SNPs associated with pigmentation and melanoma phenotypes, highlighting the variants located within these regions for prioritization in future studies. Conclusions These results reveal the epigenetic reprogramming underlying the re-activation of melanocyte pigmentation and developmental transcriptional programs in 501mel cells in response to MEK inhibition and suggest extensive involvement of a MEK-SOX10 axis in the regulation of these processes. The dynamic chromatin changes identified here provide a rich genomic resource for further analyses of the molecular mechanisms governing the MAPK pathway in pigmentation- and melanocyte-associated diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-019-0297-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen D Fufa
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julia C Wedel
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Derek E Gildea
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Stacie K Loftus
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Nie C, Tian B, Tan X, Han W, Wang J, Jin Y, Li Y, Guan X, Hong A, Chen X. miR-671-5p Blocks The Progression Of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Suppressing FGFR2. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1892-1904. [PMID: 31523191 PMCID: PMC6743296 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor worldwide, of which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological subtype. A drug shortage for ESCC therapy triggered us to explore the roles of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and its upstream regulator miR-671-5p in ESCC progression. We compared the levels of FGFR2 and miR-671-5p between human ESCC tissues and their matched normal esophageal tissues and found an association between higher levels of FGFR2 and lower levels of miR-671-5p in ESCC tissues. High levels of FGFR2 resulted in the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways and a promotion of ESCC progression. High levels of miR-671-5p specifically reduced the expression of FGFR2 and suppressed ESCC progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, suppressing FGFR2 and enhancing miR-671-5p expression may be the right approaches for ESCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Nie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Baoqing Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Wang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510090, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Expression Signatures of Cisplatin- and Trametinib-Treated Early-Stage Medaka Melanomas. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2267-2276. [PMID: 31101653 PMCID: PMC6643878 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small aquarium fish models provide useful systems not only for a better understanding of the molecular basis of many human diseases, but also for first-line screening to identify new drug candidates. For testing new chemical substances, current strategies mostly rely on easy to perform and efficient embryonic screens. Cancer, however, is a disease that develops mainly during juvenile and adult stage. Long-term treatment and the challenge to monitor changes in tumor phenotype make testing of large chemical libraries in juvenile and adult animals cost prohibitive. We hypothesized that changes in the gene expression profile should occur early during anti-tumor treatment, and the disease-associated transcriptional change should provide a reliable readout that can be utilized to evaluate drug-induced effects. For the current study, we used a previously established medaka melanoma model. As proof of principle, we showed that exposure of melanoma developing fish to the drugs cisplatin or trametinib, known cancer therapies, for a period of seven days is sufficient to detect treatment-induced changes in gene expression. By examining whole body transcriptome responses we provide a novel route toward gene panels that recapitulate anti-tumor outcomes thus allowing a screening of thousands of drugs using a whole-body vertebrate model. Our results suggest that using disease-associated transcriptional change to screen therapeutic molecules in small fish model is viable and may be applied to pre-clinical research and development stages in new drug discovery.
Collapse
|
35
|
Arozarena I, Wellbrock C. Phenotype plasticity as enabler of melanoma progression and therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:377-391. [PMID: 31209265 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is notorious for its inter- and intratumour heterogeneity, based on transcriptionally distinct melanoma cell phenotypes. It is thought that these distinct phenotypes are plastic in nature and that their transcriptional reprogramming enables heterogeneous tumours both to undergo different stages of melanoma progression and to adjust to drug exposure during treatment. Recent advances in genomic technologies and the rapidly expanding availability of large gene expression datasets have allowed for a refined definition of the gene signatures that characterize these phenotypes and have revealed that phenotype plasticity plays a major role in the resistance to both targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this Review we discuss the definition of melanoma phenotypes through particular transcriptional states and reveal the prognostic relevance of the related gene expression signatures. We review how the establishment of phenotypes is controlled and which roles phenotype plasticity plays in melanoma development and therapy. Because phenotype plasticity in melanoma bears a great resemblance to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the lessons learned from melanoma will also benefit our understanding of other cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Arozarena
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu W, Chou CF, Liu S, Crossman D, Yusuf N, Wu Y, Chen CY. KSRP modulates melanoma growth and efficacy of vemurafenib. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:759-770. [PMID: 31269460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of melanomas carry an oncogenic BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E), which results in constitutive kinase activity driving melanoma proliferation. While inhibitors of BRAFV600E (BRAFi) effectively lead to rapid tumor shrinkage, most patients treated with BRAFi develop acquired resistance. Identification of factors as regulators of melanoma growth and as potential sources of resistance is thus crucial for the design of improved therapies to treat advanced melanoma with more durable responses. Here, we show that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is critical for proliferation of melanoma cells without and with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. Silencing KSRP reduces cell proliferation and augments the growth suppressive effects of vemurafenib. We identify killin (KLLN), a p53-regulated DNA replication inhibitor, as a downstream effector of growth inhibition by KSRP silencing and demonstrate that KSRP promotes decay of KLLN mRNA through an RNA-protein interaction. Using heterologous mRNA reporters, we show that a U-rich element within the 3' untranslated region of KLLN is responsible for KSRP-dependent mRNA decay. These findings implicate that KSRP is an important regulator of melanoma cell growth in part through controlling KLLN mRNA stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structured Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - David Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350119, China.
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
El Zaoui I, Bucher M, Rimoldi D, Nicolas M, Kaya G, Pescini Gobert R, Bedoni N, Schalenbourg A, Sakina E, Zografos L, Leyvraz S, Riggi N, Rivolta C, Moulin AP. Conjunctival Melanoma Targeted Therapy: MAPK and PI3K/mTOR Pathways Inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:2764-2772. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram El Zaoui
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Bucher
- Dermatology Unit, CHUV, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Donata Rimoldi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne University, FAA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gurkan Kaya
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Dermatopathology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicola Bedoni
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ann Schalenbourg
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne University, FAA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ezziat Sakina
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne University, FAA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonidas Zografos
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne University, FAA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Leyvraz
- Charité Cancer Comprehensive Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology, Lausanne University Pathology Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fu C, Chen J, Lu J, Pei S, Hu S, Jiang L, Ding Y, Huang L, Xiang H, Huang J, Zeng Q. Downregulation of
TUG
1 promotes melanogenesis and
UVB
‐induced melanogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:730-733. [PMID: 30924963 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Central Laboratory Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Central Laboratory Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Modelling of Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Melanoma and Other Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040465. [PMID: 30987166 PMCID: PMC6520749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor with a strong dependence on intracellular signaling pathways. Almost half of all melanomas are driven by mutations in the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) with BRAFV600E being the most prevalent mutation. Recently developed targeted treatment directed against mutant BRAF and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MAP2K1 (also termed MEK1) have improved overall survival of melanoma patients. However, the MAPK signaling pathway is far more complex than a single chain of consecutively activated MAPK enzymes and it contains nested-, inherent feedback mechanisms, crosstalk with other signaling pathways, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and interacting small non-coding RNAs. A more complete understanding of this pathway is needed to better understand melanoma development and mechanisms of treatment resistance. Network reconstruction, analysis, and modelling under the systems biology paradigm have been used recently in different malignant tumors including melanoma to analyze and integrate 'omics' data, formulate mechanistic hypotheses on tumorigenesis, assess and personalize anticancer therapy, and propose new drug targets. Here we review the current knowledge of network modelling approaches in cancer with a special emphasis on melanoma.
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith MP, Rana S, Ferguson J, Rowling EJ, Flaherty KT, Wargo JA, Marais R, Wellbrock C. A PAX3/BRN2 rheostat controls the dynamics of BRAF mediated MITF regulation in MITF high /AXL low melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:280-291. [PMID: 30277012 PMCID: PMC6392120 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The BRAF kinase and the MAPK pathway are targets of current melanoma therapies. However, MAPK pathway inhibition results in dynamic changes of downstream targets that can counteract inhibitor-action not only in during treatment, but also in acquired resistant tumours. One such dynamic change involves the expression of the transcription factor MITF, a crucial regulator of cell survival and proliferation in untreated as well as drug-addicted acquired resistant melanoma. Tight control over MITF expression levels is required for optimal melanoma growth, and while it is well established that the MAPK pathway regulates MITF expression, the actual mechanism is insufficiently understood. We reveal here, how BRAF through action on the transcription factors BRN2 and PAX3 executes control over the regulation of MITF expression in a manner that allows for considerable plasticity. This plasticity provides robustness to the BRAF mediated MITF regulation and explains the dynamics in MITF expression that are observed in patients in response to MAPK inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Smith
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Cancer SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sareena Rana
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Cancer SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Emily J. Rowling
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Cancer SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Divison of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology GroupCancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Astra Zeneca Logistics CentreMacclesfieldUK
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Cancer SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Deibler KK, Schiltz GE, Clutter MR, Mishra RK, Vagadia PP, O'Connor M, George MD, Gordon R, Fowler G, Bergan R, Scheidt KA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Arylindazoles as Selective MEK4 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:615-620. [PMID: 30707493 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of a novel series of highly potent and selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) inhibitors. MEK4 is an upstream kinase in MAPK signaling pathways that phosphorylates p38 MAPK and JNK in response to mitogenic and cellular stress queues. MEK4 is overexpressed and induces metastasis in advanced prostate cancer lesions. However, the value of MEK4 as an oncology target has not been pharmacologically validated because selective chemical probes targeting MEK4 have not been developed. Optimization of this series via structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling led to the identification of compound 6 ff (4-(6-fluoro-2H-indazol-3-yl)benzoic acid), a highly potent and selective MEK4 inhibitor. This series of inhibitors is the first of its kind in both activity and selectivity and will be useful in further defining the role of MEK4 in prostate and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine K Deibler
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew R Clutter
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Chemistry of Life Process Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Purav P Vagadia
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mariam Donny George
- Chemistry of Life Process Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Graham Fowler
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Chemistry of Life Process Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei KC, Chen RF, Chen YF, Lin CH. Hinokitiol suppresses growth of B16 melanoma by activating ERK/MKP3/proteosome pathway to downregulate survivin expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 366:35-45. [PMID: 30684529 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with cancer. Hinokitiol, a metal chelator derived from natural plants, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as anticancer effects. We investigated the potential anticancer effects of hinokitiol in metastatic melanoma cell line B16-F10. Exposure of the melanoma B16-F10 cells to hinokitiol significantly inhibited colony formation and cell viability in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The hinokitiol-treated cells exhibited apoptotic features in morphological assay. Results from Western blot and immunoprecipitation showed that hinokitiol treatment decreased survivin protein levels and increased suvivin ubiquitination. Pretreatment with proteosome inhibitors effectively prevented hinokitiol-induced decrease in survivin expression, implying that ubiquitin/proteosome pathway involved in hinokitiol-reduced survivin expression. Hinokitiol rapidly induced ERK phosphorylation followed by a sustained dephosphorylation, which accompanied with an increase in expression of tumor suppressor MKP-3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3). Inhibition of hinokitiol-induced ERK activation by MEK inhibitor U0126 completely blocked expression of MKP-3. More importantly, inhibition of MKP-3 activity by NSC 95397 significantly inhibited hinokitiol-induced ERK dephosphorylation, ubiquitination and downregulation of survivin. These results suggested that hinokitiol inhibited growth of B16-F10 melanoma through downregulation of survivin by activating ERK/MKP-3/proteosome pathway. Hinokitiol-inhibition of survivin may be a novel and potential approach for melanoma therapy. Hinokitiol can be useful for developing therapeutic agent for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Che Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaoshiung 802, Taiwan; Faculty of Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Fang Chen
- Master and PhD Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Master and PhD Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Master and PhD Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sechi M, Lall RK, Afolabi SO, Singh A, Joshi DC, Chiu SY, Mukhtar H, Syed DN. Fisetin targets YB-1/RSK axis independent of its effect on ERK signaling: insights from in vitro and in vivo melanoma models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15726. [PMID: 30356079 PMCID: PMC6200766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative activity of dietary flavonoid fisetin has been validated in various cancer models. Establishing its precise mechanism of action has proved somewhat challenging given the multiplicity of its targets. We demonstrated that YB-1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its inhibition suppressed tumor cell proliferation and invasion. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), an important ERK effector, activates YB-1 to drive melanoma growth. We found that fisetin treatment of monolayer/3-D melanoma cultures resulted in YB-1 dephosphorylation and reduced transcript levels. In parallel, fisetin suppressed mesenchymal markers and matrix-metalloproteinases in melanoma cells. Data from cell-free/cell-based systems indicated that fisetin inhibited RSK activity through binding to the kinase. Affinity studies for RSK isoforms evaluated stronger interaction for RSK2 than RSK1. Competition assays performed to monitor binding responses revealed that YB-1 and RSK2 do not compete, rather binding of fisetin to RSK2 promotes its binding to YB-1. Fisetin suppressed YB-1/RSK signaling independent of its effect on ERK, and reduced MDR1 levels. Comparable efficacy of fisetin and vemurafenib for inhibiting melanoma growth was noted albeit through divergent modulation of ERK. Our studies provide insight into additional modes of regulation through which fisetin interferes with melanoma growth underscoring its potential therapeutic efficacy in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rahul K Lall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Anant Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Dinesh C Joshi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Shing-Yan Chiu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Deeba N Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang J, Li A, Li Y, Guo X, Wang M. A novel approach for drug response prediction in cancer cell lines via network representation learning. Bioinformatics 2018; 35:1527-1535. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei AH230037, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei AH230037, China
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei AH230037, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei AH230037, China
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei AH230037, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hoang TT, Tanrikulu IC, Vatland QA, Hoang TM, Raines RT. A Human Ribonuclease Variant and ERK-Pathway Inhibitors Exhibit Highly Synergistic Toxicity for Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2622-2632. [PMID: 30282811 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic-type ribonucleases (ptRNases) are prevalent secretory enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA. Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytosolic protein that has femtomolar affinity for ptRNases, affording protection from the toxic catalytic activity of ptRNases, which can invade human cells. A human ptRNase variant that is resistant to inhibition by RI is a cytotoxin that is undergoing a clinical trial as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. We find that the ptRNase and protein kinases in the ERK pathway exhibit strongly synergistic toxicity toward lung cancer cells (including a KRASG12C variant) and melanoma cells (including BRAFV600E variants). The synergism arises from inhibiting the phosphorylation of RI and thereby diminishing its affinity for the ptRNase. These findings link seemingly unrelated cellular processes, and suggest that the use of a kinase inhibitor to unleash a cytotoxic enzyme could lead to beneficial manifestations in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trish T Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - I Caglar Tanrikulu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Quinn A Vatland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Trieu M Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wollina U. Systemic Drug-induced Chronic Paronychia and Periungual Pyogenic Granuloma. Indian Dermatol Online J 2018; 9:293-298. [PMID: 30258794 PMCID: PMC6137670 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_133_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Paronychia is a painful inflammatory disorder of the nail fold. Periungual pyogenic granuloma - a benign vascular tumor of the capillaries - can develop as a complication of paronychia. We report both, paronychia and periungual pyogenic granuloma, as possible adverse events during systemic drug-therapy. The following groups of systemic drugs have been considered: taxanes, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of MEK/ERK, BRAF inhibitors, CD20 antagonists, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and retinoids. Recommendations for prevention and treatment are given. Since paronychia is a painful inflammatory disorder that has a negative impact on daily activities, early recognition and adequate treatment improve adhesion to treatment and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heo JR, Hwang KA, Kim SU, Choi KC. A Potential Therapy Using Engineered Stem Cells Prevented Malignant Melanoma in Cellular and Xenograft Mouse Models. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:797-811. [PMID: 30213181 PMCID: PMC6473263 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with tumor-tropic behavior were used as drug delivery vehicle to selectively target melanoma. A hNSC line (HB1.F3) was transduced into two types: one expressed only the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene (HB1.F3. CD) and the other expressed both CD and human interferon-β (IFN-β) genes (HB1.F3.CD. IFN-β). Materials and Methods This study verified the tumor-tropic migratory competence of engineered hNSCs on melanoma (A375SM) using a modified Boyden chamber assay in vitro and CM-DiI staining in vivo. The antitumor effect of HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β on melanoma was also confirmed using an MTT assay in vitro and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS A secreted form of IFN-β from the HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells modified the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and metastasis of melanoma. 5-Fluorouracil treatment also accelerated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and decelerated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL on melanoma cell line. CONCLUSION Our results illustrate that engineered hNSCs prevented malignant melanoma cells from proliferating in the presence of the prodrug, and the form that secreted IFN-β intervened in the EMT process and melanoma metastasis. Hence, neural stem cell-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy is a plausible treatment for malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Institute of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Heo JR, Kim SM, Hwang KA, Kang JH, Choi KC. Resveratrol induced reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress‑mediated apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in the A375SM malignant melanoma cell line. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1427-1435. [PMID: 29916532 PMCID: PMC6089775 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a dietary product present in grapes, vegetables and berries, regulates several signaling pathways that control cell division, cell growth, apoptosis and metastasis. Malignant melanoma proliferates more readily in comparison with any other types of skin cancer. In the present study, the anti‑cancer effect of resveratrol on melanoma cell proliferation was evaluated. Treating A375SM cells with resveratrol resulted in a decrease in cell growth. The alteration in the levels of cell cycle‑associated proteins was also examined by western blot analysis. Treatment with resveratrol was observed to increase the gene expression levels of p21 and p27, as well as decrease the gene expression of cyclin B. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were confirmed at the cellular and protein levels using a 2',7'‑dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, TUNEL assay and western blot analysis. Resveratrol induced the ROS‑p38‑p53 pathway by increasing the gene expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase, while it induced the p53 and ER stress pathway by increasing the gene expression levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and C/EBP homologous protein. The enhanced ROS‑p38‑p53 and ER stress pathways promoted apoptosis by downregulating B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) expression and upregulating Bcl‑2‑associated X protein expression. In conclusion, resveratrol appears to be an inducer of ROS generation and ER stress, and may be responsible for growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of A375SM melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji-Houn Kang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou X, Xie S, Wu S, Qi Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Lu D, Wang X, Dong Y, Liu G, Yang D, Shi Q, Bian W, Yu R. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 promotes glioma progression via inhibiting Rab5-mediated endocytosis and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1628-1639. [PMID: 28575494 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is associated with worse prognosis of gliomas, but its role and mechanism in glioma progression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of GOLPH3 in glioma progression. Methods The expression of GOLPH3 in glioma tissues was detected by quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. GOLPH3's effect on glioma progression was examined using cell growth assays and an intracranial glioma model. The effect of GOLPH3 on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stability, endocytosis, and degradation was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The activity of Rab5 was checked by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay. Results GOLPH3 was upregulated in gliomas, and its downregulation inhibited glioma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GOLPH3 depletion dampened EGFR signaling by enhancing EGFR endocytosis, driving EGFR into late endosome and promoting lysosome-mediated degradation. Interestingly, GOLPH3 bound to Rab5 and GOLPH3 downregulation promoted the activation of Rab5. In addition, Rab5 depletion abolished the effect of GOLPH3 on EGFR endocytosis and degradation. Conclusion Our results imply that GOLPH3 promotes glioma cell proliferation via inhibiting Rab5-mediated endocytosis and degradation of EGFR, thereby activating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. We find a new mechanism by which GOLPH3 promotes tumor progression through regulating cell surface receptor trafficking. Extensive and intensive understanding of the role of GOLPH3 in glioma progression may provide an opportunity to develop a novel molecular therapeutic target for gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Xie
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shishuang Wu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohao Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanzheng Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Bian
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hajek E, Krebs F, Bent R, Haas K, Bast A, Steinmetz I, Tuettenberg A, Grabbe S, Bros M. BRAF inhibitors stimulate inflammasome activation and interleukin 1 beta production in dendritic cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28294-28308. [PMID: 29983861 PMCID: PMC6033361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer with a growing incidence over the last decades. Fourty percent of all melanomas harbor a mutation in the signaling adaptor BRAF (V600E) that results in ERK hyperactivity as an oncogenic driver. In these cases, treatment with the BRAFV600E inhibitors Vemurafenib (VEM) or Dabrafenib (DAB) coapplied with the MEK1/2 inhibitors Cobimetinib (COB) or Trametinib (TRA) can result in long-term suppression of tumor growth. Besides direct suppression of ERK activity, these inhibitors have been reported to also modulate tumor immune responses, and exert pro-inflammatory side effects such as fever and rash in some patients. Here we asked for potential effects of BRAFV600E inhibitors on dendritic cells (DC) which are essential for the induction of adaptive anti-tumor responses. Both splenic and bone marrow-derived (BM) mouse dendritic cells (DC) up-regulated costimulator expression (CD80, CD86) in response to DAB but not VEM treatment. Moreover, DAB and to lesser extent VEM enhanced IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) release by splenic DC, and by LPS-stimulated BMDC. We demonstrate that DAB and VEM activated the NLRC4/Caspase-1 inflammasome. At high concentration, DAB also induced inflammasome activation independent of Caspase-1. TRA and COB elevated MHCII expression on BMDC, and modulated the LPS-induced cytokine pattern. Immunomodulatory activity of DAB and VEM was also observed in human monocyte-derived DC, and DAB induced IL-1β in human primary DC. Altogether, our study shows that BRAFV600E inhibitors upregulate IL-1β release by mouse and human DC which may affect the DC-mediated course of anti-tumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hajek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Krebs
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bent
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Haas
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Bast
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|