1
|
Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sengupta K, Dillard P, Limozin L. Morphodynamics of T-lymphocytes: Scanning to spreading. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00157-7. [PMID: 38425041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Binding of the T cell receptor complex to its ligand, the subsequent molecular rearrangement, and the concomitant cell-scale shape changes represent the very first steps of adaptive immune recognition. The first minutes of the interaction of T cells and antigen presenting cells have been extensively scrutinized; yet, gaps remain in our understanding of how the biophysical properties of the environment may impact the sequence of events. In particular, many pioneering experiments were done on immobilized ligands and gave major insights into the process of T cell activation, whereas later experiments have indicated that ligand mobility was of paramount importance, especially to enable the formation of T cell receptor clusters. Systematic experiments to compare and reconcile the two schools are still lacking. Furthermore, recent investigations using compliant substrates have elucidated other intriguing aspects of T cell mechanics. Here we review experiments on interaction of T cells with planar artificial antigen presenting cells to explore the impact of mechanics on adhesion and actin morphodynamics during the spreading process. We enumerate a sequence tracing first contact to final spread state that is consistent with current understanding. Finally, we interpret the presented experimental results in light of a mechanical model that captures all the different morphodynamic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kheya Sengupta
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Dillard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Hou Y, Long N, Jiang L, Yan Z, Xu Y, Lv Y, Xiang X, Yang H, Liu J, Qi X, Chu L. TPPP3 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snail1 in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17960. [PMID: 37863960 PMCID: PMC10589222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3), a member of the tubulin polymerization family, participates in cell progressions in several human cancers, its biological function and the underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role and application value of TPPP3 in gliomas and found that the expression of TPPP3 in glioma was higher than that in normal brain tissue (NBT), and increased with the grade of glioma. Up-regulation of TPPP3 expression in glioblastoma cells confer stronger ability of migration, invasion, proliferation and lower apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of TPPP3 expression in GBM could reduce the migration, invasion, proliferation and induce the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. TPPP3 affected the process of EMT by regulating the expression of Snail 1 protein. In clinical data analysis, we found a positive correlation between TPPP3 and Snail1 protein expression levels in glioblastomas. Low TPPP3 expression leads to better survival expectations in glioblastomas patients. The content of this study paves the way for further in-depth exploration of the role of TPPP3 in glioblastoma in the future, and provides new treatment and research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunan Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Niya Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lishi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhangwei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ockfen E, Filali L, Pereira Fernandes D, Hoffmann C, Thomas C. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling at the cancer cell side of the immunological synapse: good, bad, or both? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276602. [PMID: 37869010 PMCID: PMC10585106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs), specifically cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, are indispensable guardians of the immune system and orchestrate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells. Upon encountering a cancer cell, CLs establish a specialized cellular junction, known as the immunological synapse that stands as a pivotal determinant for effective cell killing. Extensive research has focused on the presynaptic side of the immunological synapse and elucidated the multiple functions of the CL actin cytoskeleton in synapse formation, organization, regulatory signaling, and lytic activity. In contrast, the postsynaptic (cancer cell) counterpart has remained relatively unexplored. Nevertheless, both indirect and direct evidence has begun to illuminate the significant and profound consequences of cytoskeletal changes within cancer cells on the outcome of the lytic immunological synapse. Here, we explore the understudied role of the cancer cell actin cytoskeleton in modulating the immune response within the immunological synapse. We shed light on the intricate interplay between actin dynamics and the evasion mechanisms employed by cancer cells, thus providing potential routes for future research and envisioning therapeutic interventions targeting the postsynaptic side of the immunological synapse in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review article highlights the importance of actin dynamics within the immunological synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells focusing on the less-explored postsynaptic side of the synapse. It presents emerging evidence that actin dynamics in cancer cells can critically influence the outcome of cytotoxic lymphocyte interactions with cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ockfen
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Liza Filali
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Diogo Pereira Fernandes
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manca F, Eich G, N'Dao O, Normand L, Sengupta K, Limozin L, Puech PH. Probing mechanical interaction of immune receptors and cytoskeleton by membrane nanotube extraction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15652. [PMID: 37730849 PMCID: PMC10511455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of force application in immune cell recognition is now well established, the force being transmitted between the actin cytoskeleton to the anchoring ligands through receptors such as integrins. In this chain, the mechanics of the cytoskeleton to receptor link, though clearly crucial, remains poorly understood. To probe this link, we combine mechanical extraction of membrane tubes from T cells using optical tweezers, and fitting of the resulting force curves with a viscoelastic model taking into account the cell and relevant molecules. We solicit this link using four different antibodies against various membrane bound receptors: antiCD3 to target the T Cell Receptor (TCR) complex, antiCD45 for the long sugar CD45, and two clones of antiCD11 targeting open or closed conformation of LFA1 integrins. Upon disruption of the cytoskeleton, the stiffness of the link changes for two of the receptors, exposing the existence of a receptor to cytoskeleton link-namely TCR-complex and open LFA1, and does not change for the other two where a weaker link was expected. Our integrated approach allows us to probe, for the first time, the mechanics of the intracellular receptor-cytoskeleton link in immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manca
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Gautier Eich
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Omar N'Dao
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Normand
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Limozin
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation (LAI), Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), 13009, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azizov V, Hübner M, Frech M, Hofmann J, Kubankova M, Lapuente D, Tenbusch M, Guck J, Schett G, Zaiss MM. Alcohol-sourced acetate impairs T cell function by promoting cortactin acetylation. iScience 2023; 26:107230. [PMID: 37485352 PMCID: PMC10362326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is among the most widely consumed dietary substances. Excessive alcohol consumption damages the liver, heart, and brain. Alcohol also has strong immunoregulatory properties. Here, we report how alcohol impairs T cell function via acetylation of cortactin, a protein that binds filamentous actin and facilitates branching. Upon alcohol consumption, acetate, the metabolite of alcohol, accumulates in lymphoid organs. T cells exposed to acetate, exhibit increased acetylation of cortactin. Acetylation of cortactin inhibits filamentous actin binding and hence reduces T cell migration, immune synapse formation and activation. While mutated, acetylation-resistant cortactin rescues the acetate-induced inhibition of T cell migration, primary mouse cortactin knockout T cells exhibited impaired migration. Acetate-induced cytoskeletal changes effectively inhibited activation, proliferation, and immune synapse formation in T cells in vitro and in vivo in an influenza infection model in mice. Together these findings reveal cortactin as a possible target for mitigation of T cell driven autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vugar Azizov
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Hübner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marketa Kubankova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lapuente
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M. Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi H, Shao B. LFA-1 Activation in T-Cell Migration and Immunological Synapse Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081136. [PMID: 37190045 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA-1 plays a critical role in T-cell migration and in the formation of immunological synapses. LFA-1 functions through interacting with its ligands with differing affinities: low, intermediate, and high. Most prior research has studied how LFA-1 in the high-affinity state regulates the trafficking and functions of T cells. LFA-1 is also presented in the intermediate-affinity state on T cells, however, the signaling to activate LFA-1 to the intermediate-affinity state and the role of LFA-1 in this affinity state both remain largely elusive. This review briefly summarizes the activation and roles of LFA-1 with varied ligand-binding affinities in the regulation of T-cell migration and immunological synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gómez-Morón A, Requena S, Roda-Navarro P, Martín-Cófreces NB. Activation kinetics of regulatory molecules during immunological synapse in T cells. Methods Cell Biol 2023. [PMID: 37516524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation through TCR stimulation leads to the formation of the immunological synapse (IS), a specialized adhesion organized between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs) in which a dynamic interaction among signaling molecules, the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelles achieves proper antigen-mediated stimulation and effector function. The kinetics of molecular reactions at the IS is essential to determine the quality of the response to the antigen stimulation. Herein, we describe methods based on biochemistry, flow cytometry and imaging in live and fixed cells to study the activation state and dynamics of regulatory molecules at the IS in the Jurkat T cell line CH7C17 and primary human and mouse CD4+ T lymphocytes stimulated by antigen presented by Raji and HOM2 B cell lines and human and mouse dendritic cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji X, Tian X, Feng S, Zhang L, Wang J, Guo R, Zhu Y, Yu X, Zhang Y, Du H, Zablotskii V, Zhang X. Intermittent F-actin Perturbations by Magnetic Fields Inhibit Breast Cancer Metastasis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0080. [PMID: 36939445 PMCID: PMC10017101 DOI: 10.34133/research.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
F-actin (filamentous actin) has been shown to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli and play critical roles in cell attachment, migration, and cancer metastasis, but there are very limited ways to perturb F-actin dynamics with low cell toxicity. Magnetic field is a noninvasive and reversible physical tool that can easily penetrate cells and human bodies. Here, we show that 0.1/0.4-T 4.2-Hz moderate-intensity low-frequency rotating magnetic field-induced electric field could directly decrease F-actin formation in vitro and in vivo, which results in decreased breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and attachment. Moreover, low-frequency rotating magnetic fields generated significantly different effects on F-actin in breast cancer vs. noncancerous cells, including F-actin number and their recovery after magnetic field retrieval. Using an intermittent treatment modality, low-frequency rotating magnetic fields could significantly reduce mouse breast cancer metastasis, prolong mouse survival by 31.5 to 46.0% (P < 0.0001), and improve their overall physical condition. Therefore, our work demonstrates that low-frequency rotating magnetic fields not only can be used as a research tool to perturb F-actin but also can inhibit breast cancer metastasis through F-actin modulation while having minimum effects on normal cells, which reveals their potential to be developed as temporal-controlled, noninvasive, and high-penetration physical treatments for metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Ji
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology,
Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Feng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Junjun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Ruowen Guo
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Xin Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Yongsen Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Haifeng Du
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS (CHMFL), CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology,
HFIPS, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology,
Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R China
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Address correspondence to:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noman MZ, Bocci IA, Karam M, Moer KV, Bosseler M, Kumar A, Berchem G, Auclair C, Janji B. The β-carboline Harmine improves the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD1 in melanoma by increasing the MHC-I-dependent antigen presentation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980704. [PMID: 36458012 PMCID: PMC9705972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmine is a dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) inhibitor that displays a number of biological and pharmacological properties. Also referred to as ACB1801 molecule, we have previously reported that harmine increases the presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I-dependent antigen on melanoma cells. Here, we show that ACB1801 upregulates the mRNA expression of several proteins of the MHC-I such as Transporter Associated with antigen Processing TAP1 and 2, Tapasin and Lmp2 (hereafter referred to as MHC-I signature) in melanoma cells. Treatment of mice bearing melanoma B16-F10 with ACB1801 inhibits the growth and weight of tumors and induces a profound modification of the tumor immune landscape. Strikingly, combining ACB1801 with anti-PD1 significantly improves its therapeutic benefit in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice. These results suggest that, by increasing the MHC-I, ACB1801 can be combined with anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy to improve the survival benefit in cancer patients displaying a defect in MHC-I expression. This is further supported by data showing that i) high expression levels of TAP1, Tapasin and Lmp2 was observed in melanoma patients that respond to anti-PD1; ii) the survival is significantly improved in melanoma patients who express high MHC-I signature relative to those expressing low MHC-I signature; and iii) high expression of MHC-I signature in melanoma patients was correlated with increased expression of CD8 and NK cell markers and overexpression of proinflammatory chemokines involved in the recruitment of CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Irene Adelaide Bocci
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Manale Karam
- AC Bioscience, Biopôle, Route de la Corniche 4, Epalinges, Switzerland
- AC Biotech, Villejuif Biopark, Villejuif, France
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Bosseler
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Akinchan Kumar
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Auclair
- AC Bioscience, Biopôle, Route de la Corniche 4, Epalinges, Switzerland
- AC Biotech, Villejuif Biopark, Villejuif, France
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kakurina G, Stakheeva M, Sereda E, Sidenko E, Cheremisina O, Choinzonov E, Kondakova I. A pilot study of the relative number of circulating tumor cells and leukocytes containing actin-binding proteins in head and neck cancer patients. J Biomed Res 2022; 37:213-224. [PMID: 37226274 PMCID: PMC10226087 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in tumor metastases, which is positively correlated with an increased risk of death. Actin-binding proteins, including cofilin (CFL1), profilin 1 (PFN1), and adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), are thought to be involved in tumor cell motility and metastasis, specifically in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, currently, there are no published studies on CFL1, PFN1, and CAP1 in CTCs and leukocytes in HNSCC patients. We assessed serum levels of CFL1, PFN1, and CAP1 and the number of CTCs and leukocytes containing these proteins in blood from 31 HNSCC patients (T1-4N0-2M0). The analysis used flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. We found that CAP1 + CTCs and CAP1 + leukocyte subpopulations were prevalent in these HNSCC patient samples, while the prevalence rates of CFL1 + and PFN1 + CTCs were relatively low. Patients with stage T2-4N1-2M0 had CFL1 + and PFN1 + CTCs with an elevated PFN1 serum level, compared with the T1-3N0M0 group. In summary, the PFN1 serum level and the relative number of PFN1 +CD326 + CTCs could be valuable prognostic markers for HNSCC metastases. The current study is the first to obtain data regarding the contents of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in CTCs, and leukocytes in blood from HNSCC patients. This is also the first to assess the relationship between the number of CTCs subgroups and disease characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gelena Kakurina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Marina Stakheeva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Elena Sereda
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Evgenia Sidenko
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Olga Cheremisina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Evgeny Choinzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Irina Kondakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thompson SB, Waldman MM, Jacobelli J. Polymerization power: effectors of actin polymerization as regulators of T lymphocyte migration through complex environments. FEBS J 2022; 289:6154-6171. [PMID: 34273243 PMCID: PMC8761786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During their life span, T cells are tasked with patrolling the body for potential pathogens. To do so, T cells migrate through numerous distinct anatomical sites and tissue environments with different biophysical characteristics. To migrate through these different environments, T cells use various motility strategies that rely on actin network remodeling to generate shape changes and mechanical forces. In this review, we initially discuss the migratory journey of T cells and then cover the actin polymerization effectors at play in T cells, and finally, we focus on the function of these effectors of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in mediating T-cell migration through diverse tissue environments. Specifically, we will discuss the current state of the field pertaining to our understanding of the roles in T-cell migration played by members of the three main families of actin polymerization machinery: the Arp2/3 complex; formin proteins; and Ena/VASP proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Monique M. Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sasahara Y, Wada T, Morio T. Impairment of cytokine production following immunological synapse formation in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. Clin Immunol 2022; 242:109098. [PMID: 35973636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cells following immunological synapse (IS) formation with antigen-presenting cells produce multiple cytokines through T cell receptor, integrin, and costimulatory signaling. Here, we investigated the cytokine profiles following IS formation in response to staphylococcal superantigen exposure in three adolescent patients with classical Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and in one patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1. All WAS patients showed lower Th1 and Th2-skewed cytokine production; similar results were observed in the flow cytometric analysis of IFNγ- and IL-4-producing T cells. The patient with LAD type 1 with somatic mosaicism in 2% of CD8+ T cells showed lower Th1 and Th2 cytokine production than healthy controls. The patients with WAS were susceptible to infections and atopic manifestations, and the patients with LAD type 1 showed cold abscess on their skin, our findings using patient samples provide clinical insights into the mechanisms underlying immunodeficiency related to the symptoms of each disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jahanbani F, Maynard RD, Sing JC, Jahanbani S, Perrino JJ, Spacek DV, Davis RW, Snyder MP. Phenotypic characteristics of peripheral immune cells of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome via transmission electron microscopy: A pilot study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272703. [PMID: 35943990 PMCID: PMC9362953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex chronic multi-systemic disease characterized by extreme fatigue that is not improved by rest, and worsens after exertion, whether physical or mental. Previous studies have shown ME/CFS-associated alterations in the immune system and mitochondria. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the morphology and ultrastructure of unstimulated and stimulated ME/CFS immune cells and their intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. PBMCs from four participants were studied: a pair of identical twins discordant for moderate ME/CFS, as well as two age- and gender- matched unrelated subjects-one with an extremely severe form of ME/CFS and the other healthy. TEM analysis of CD3/CD28-stimulated T cells suggested a significant increase in the levels of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in T cells from ME/CFS patients (over 2-fold). Stimulated Tcells of ME/CFS patients also had higher numbers of swollen mitochondria. We also found a large increase in intracellular giant lipid droplet-like organelles in the stimulated PBMCs from the extremely severe ME/CFS patient potentially indicative of a lipid storage disorder. Lastly, we observed a slight increase in platelet aggregation in stimulated cells, suggestive of a possible role of platelet activity in ME/CFS pathophysiology and disease severity. These results indicate extensive morphological alterations in the cellular and mitochondrial phenotypes of ME/CFS patients' immune cells and suggest new insights into ME/CFS biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rajan D. Maynard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Cyril Sing
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - John J. Perrino
- Stanford Cell Sciences Imaging Facility (CSIF), Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Damek V. Spacek
- Karius Incorporated, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molon B, Liboni C, Viola A. CD28 and chemokine receptors: Signalling amplifiers at the immunological synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938004. [PMID: 35983040 PMCID: PMC9379342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are master regulators of the immune response tuning, among others, B cells, macrophages and NK cells. To exert their functions requiring high sensibility and specificity, T cells need to integrate different stimuli from the surrounding microenvironment. A finely tuned signalling compartmentalization orchestrated in dynamic platforms is an essential requirement for the proper and efficient response of these cells to distinct triggers. During years, several studies have depicted the pivotal role of the cytoskeleton and lipid microdomains in controlling signalling compartmentalization during T cell activation and functions. Here, we discuss mechanisms responsible for signalling amplification and compartmentalization in T cell activation, focusing on the role of CD28, chemokine receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. We also take into account the detrimental effect of mutations carried by distinct signalling proteins giving rise to syndromes characterized by defects in T cell functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molon
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Molon,
| | - Cristina Liboni
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The interface between biochemical signaling and cell mechanics shapes T lymphocyte migration and activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
17
|
Esfahani AM, Minnick G, Rosenbohm J, Zhai H, Jin X, Tajvidi Safa B, Brooks J, Yang R. Microfabricated platforms to investigate cell mechanical properties. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
The interplay between membrane topology and mechanical forces in regulating T cell receptor activity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:40. [PMID: 35017678 PMCID: PMC8752658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on antigen presenting cells (APCs). Recent advances reveal that the TCR acts as a mechanoreceptor, but it remains unclear how pMHC/TCR engagement generates mechanical forces that are converted to intracellular signals. Here we propose a TCR Bending Mechanosignal (TBM) model, in which local bending of the T cell membrane on the nanometer scale allows sustained contact of relatively small pMHC/TCR complexes interspersed among large surface receptors and adhesion molecules on the opposing surfaces of T cells and APCs. Localized T cell membrane bending is suggested to increase accessibility of TCR signaling domains to phosphorylation, facilitate selective recognition of agonists that form catch bonds, and reduce noise signals associated with slip bonds. Al-Aghbar et al propose a TCR bending mechanosignal model that demonstrates how local mechanical membrane bending may influence T cell receptor binding events and thus T-cell activation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Disc Large Homolog 1 Is Critical for Early T Cell Receptor Micro Cluster Formation and Activation in Human T Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121446. [PMID: 34960191 PMCID: PMC8709471 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation by antigen involves multiple sequential steps, including T cell receptor-microcluster TCR-(MC) formation, immunological synapse formation, and phosphorylation of mediators downstream of the TCR. The adaptor protein, Disc Large Homolog 1 (DLG1), is known to regulate proximal TCR signaling and, in turn, T cell activation, acting as a molecular chaperone that organizes specific kinases downstream of antigen recognition. In this study, we used knockdown and knockout technologies in human primary T cells and a human T cell line to demonstrate the role of DLG1 in proximal T cell signaling. High-end confocal microscopy was used for pictorial representation of T cell micro-clusters and colocalization studies. From all these studies, we could demonstrate that DLG1 functions even earlier than immunological synapse formation, to regulate T cell activation by promoting TCR-MC formation. Moreover, we found that DLG1 can act as a bridge between the TCR-ζ chain and ZAP70 while inhibiting binding of the phosphatase SHP1 to TCR-ζ. Together, these effects drive dysregulation of T cell activation in DLG1-deficient T cells. Overall, the activation and survival status of T cell is a critical determinant of effective vaccine response, and DLG1-mediated T cell signaling events can be a driving factor for improving vaccine-designing strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cassioli C, Onnis A, Finetti F, Capitani N, Brunetti J, Compeer EB, Niederlova V, Stepanek O, Dustin ML, Baldari CT. The Bardet-Biedl syndrome complex component BBS1 controls T cell polarity during immune synapse assembly. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258462. [PMID: 34423835 PMCID: PMC7613584 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system that regulates the assembly of the primary cilium are co-opted by the non-ciliated T cell to orchestrate polarized endosome recycling and to sustain signaling during immune synapse formation. Here, we investigated the potential role of Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein (BBS1), an essential core component of the BBS complex that cooperates with the IFT system in ciliary protein trafficking, in the assembly of the T cell synapse. We demonstrated that BBS1 allows for centrosome polarization towards the immune synapse. This function is achieved through the clearance of centrosomal F-actin and its positive regulator WASH1 (also known as WASHC1), a process that we demonstrated to be dependent on the proteasome. We show that BBS1 regulates this process by coupling the 19S proteasome regulatory subunit to the microtubule motor dynein for its transport to the centrosome. Our data identify the ciliopathy-related protein BBS1 as a new player in T cell synapse assembly that functions upstream of the IFT system to set the stage for polarized vesicular trafficking and sustained signaling. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy Multi-dimensional Analyses (LaMDA) of T-Cell Receptor Dynamics Predict T-Cell Signaling States. Cell Syst 2021; 10:433-444.e5. [PMID: 32437685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lattice light-sheet microscopy provides large amounts of high-dimensional, high-spatiotemporal resolution imaging data of cell surface receptors across the 3D surface of live cells, but user-friendly analysis pipelines are lacking. Here, we introduce lattice light-sheet microscopy multi-dimensional analyses (LaMDA), an end-to-end pipeline comprised of publicly available software packages that combines machine learning, dimensionality reduction, and diffusion maps to analyze surface receptor dynamics and classify cellular signaling states without the need for complex biochemical measurements or other prior information. We use LaMDA to analyze images of T-cell receptor (TCR) microclusters on the surface of live primary T cells under resting and stimulated conditions. We observe global spatial and temporal changes of TCRs across the 3D cell surface, accurately differentiate stimulated cells from unstimulated cells, precisely predict attenuated T-cell signaling after CD4 and CD28 receptor blockades, and reliably discriminate between structurally similar TCR ligands. All instructions needed to implement LaMDA are included in this paper.
Collapse
|
22
|
German Y, Vulliard L, Kamnev A, Pfajfer L, Huemer J, Mautner AK, Rubio A, Kalinichenko A, Boztug K, Ferrand A, Menche J, Dupré L. Morphological profiling of human T and NK lymphocytes by high-content cell imaging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109318. [PMID: 34233185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse is a complex structure that decodes stimulatory signals into adapted lymphocyte responses. It is a unique window to monitor lymphocyte activity because of development of systematic quantitative approaches. Here we demonstrate the applicability of high-content imaging to human T and natural killer (NK) cells and develop a pipeline for unbiased analysis of high-definition morphological profiles. Our approach reveals how distinct facets of actin cytoskeleton remodeling shape immunological synapse architecture and affect lytic granule positioning. Morphological profiling of CD8+ T cells from immunodeficient individuals allows discrimination of the roles of the ARP2/3 subunit ARPC1B and the ARP2/3 activator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) in immunological synapse assembly. Single-cell analysis further identifies uncoupling of lytic granules and F-actin radial distribution in ARPC1B-deficient lymphocytes. Our study provides a foundation for development of morphological profiling as a scalable approach to monitor primary lymphocyte responsiveness and to identify complex aspects of lymphocyte micro-architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolla German
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Vulliard
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Katharina Mautner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Rubio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Artem Kalinichenko
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dupré L, Boztug K, Pfajfer L. Actin Dynamics at the T Cell Synapse as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665519. [PMID: 34249918 PMCID: PMC8266300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of dynamic filament networks that build adaptable local architectures to sustain nearly all cellular activities in response to a myriad of stimuli. Although the function of numerous players that tune actin remodeling is known, the coordinated molecular orchestration of the actin cytoskeleton to guide cellular decisions is still ill defined. T lymphocytes provide a prototypical example of how a complex program of actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the spatio-temporal control of key cellular activities, namely antigen scanning and sensing, as well as polarized delivery of effector molecules, via the immunological synapse. We here review the unique knowledge on actin dynamics at the T lymphocyte synapse gained through the study of primary immunodeficiences caused by mutations in genes encoding actin regulatory proteins. Beyond the specific roles of individual actin remodelers, we further develop the view that these operate in a coordinated manner and are an integral part of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fragliasso V, Tameni A, Inghirami G, Mularoni V, Ciarrocchi A. Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas: An Intricate Network Sustaining Lymphomagenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643620. [PMID: 33928032 PMCID: PMC8076600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in cytoskeleton functions support tumorigenesis fostering an aberrant proliferation and promoting inappropriate migratory and invasive features. The link between cytoskeleton and tumor features has been extensively investigated in solid tumors. However, the emerging genetic and molecular landscape of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) has unveiled several alterations targeting structure and function of the cytoskeleton, highlighting its role in cell shape changes and the aberrant cell division of malignant T cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence about the role of cytoskeleton in PTCLs development and progression. We also discuss how aberrant signaling pathways, like JAK/STAT3, NPM-ALK, RhoGTPase, and Aurora Kinase, can contribute to lymphomagenesis by modifying the structure and the signaling properties of cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tameni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Mularoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meng KP, Majedi FS, Thauland TJ, Butte MJ. Mechanosensing through YAP controls T cell activation and metabolism. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151831. [PMID: 32484502 PMCID: PMC7398163 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon immunogenic challenge, lymph nodes become mechanically stiff as immune cells activate and proliferate within their encapsulated environments, and with resolution, they reestablish a soft baseline state. Here we show that sensing these mechanical changes in the microenvironment requires the mechanosensor YAP. YAP is induced upon activation and suppresses metabolic reprogramming of effector T cells. Unlike in other cell types in which YAP promotes proliferation, YAP in T cells suppresses proliferation in a stiffness-dependent manner by directly restricting the translocation of NFAT1 into the nucleus. YAP slows T cell responses in systemic viral infections and retards effector T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Our work reveals a paradigm whereby tissue mechanics fine-tune adaptive immune responses in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Fatemeh S Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Timothy J Thauland
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Manish J Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Min P, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qi C, Song Y, Bibi M, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhao X, Yu M, Du J. MICAL-L2 Is Essential for c-Myc Deubiquitination and Stability in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:575903. [PMID: 33520979 PMCID: PMC7841116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.575903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: MICAL-L2, a member of the molecules interacting with the CasL (MICAL) family, was reported to be highly expressed in several types of cancers, however, the roles of MICAL-L2 in NSCLC pathogenesis remain to be explored. This study is designed to clarify the mechanisms by which MICAL-L2 participates in NSCLC cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of MICAL-L2 in human lung cancer samples were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Cells were transfected with siRNA or plasmids to regulate MICAL-L2 expression. Cell proliferation was measured by EdU staining and CCK-8 assays. MICAL-L2 and phosphorylated/total c-Myc expression were examined by Western blotting analysis. Interaction between MICAL-L2 and c-Myc was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Western blotting, polyubiquitylation detection and protein stability assays were used to assess whether MICAL-L2 exerts its oncogenic effect via c-Myc. Results: We found that MICAL-L2 was highly expressed in human NSCLC. While overexpressing MICAL-L2 increased NSCLC cell proliferation, MICAL-L2 depletion decreased the proliferation of NSCLC cells, an effect that was linked to cell cycle arrest. MICAL-L2 physically interacted with the c-Myc protein and functioned to maintain nuclear c-Myc levels and prolonged its half-life. Knockdown of MICAL-L2 expression led to decreased c-Myc protein stability through accelerating polyubiquitylation of c-Myc and gave rise to c-Myc degradation. We further found that MICAL-L2 deubiquitinated c-Myc and blocked its degradation, presumably by inhibiting c-Myc phosphorylation at threonine residue 58. Conclusions: These results indicate that MICAL-L2 is a key regulator of c-Myc deubiquitination and stability in the nucleus, and this activity may be involved in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxiang Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maria Bibi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schneider F, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M. Quantitative Bio-Imaging Tools to Dissect the Interplay of Membrane and Cytoskeletal Actin Dynamics in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612542. [PMID: 33505401 PMCID: PMC7829180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular function is reliant on the dynamic interplay between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This critical relationship is of particular importance in immune cells, where both the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane work in concert to organize and potentiate immune signaling events. Despite their importance, there remains a critical gap in understanding how these respective dynamics are coupled, and how this coupling in turn may influence immune cell function from the bottom up. In this review, we highlight recent optical technologies that could provide strategies to investigate the simultaneous dynamics of both the cytoskeleton and membrane as well as their interplay, focusing on current and future applications in immune cells. We provide a guide of the spatio-temporal scale of each technique as well as highlighting novel probes and labels that have the potential to provide insights into membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics. The quantitative biophysical tools presented here provide a new and exciting route to uncover the relationship between plasma membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics that underlies immune cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Colin-York
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Borst L, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. The NKG2A-HLA-E Axis as a Novel Checkpoint in the Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5549-5556. [PMID: 32409305 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of checkpoint blockade therapy revolutionized cancer treatment. However, we need to increase the fraction of responding patients and overcome acquired resistance to these therapies. Recently, the inhibitory receptor NKG2A received attention as a new kid on the block of immune checkpoints. This receptor is selectively expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes, including natural killer cells and CD8 T cells, and NKG2A+ T cells are preferentially residing in tissues, like the tumor microenvironment. Its ligand, histocompatibility leucocyte antigen E (HLA-E), is a conserved nonclassical HLA class I molecule that binds a limited peptide repertoire and its expression is commonly detected in human cancer. NKG2A blockade as a standalone therapy appears poorly effective in mouse tumor models, however, in the presence of activated T cells, for example, induced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or cancer vaccines, exerts strongly enhanced efficacy. Clinical trials demonstrated safety of the humanized NKG2A-blocking antibody, monalizumab, and first results of phase II trials demonstrate encouraging durable response rates. Further development of this axis is clearly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Borst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cantoni C, Wurzer H, Thomas C, Vitale M. Escape of tumor cells from the NK cell cytotoxic activity. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1339-1360. [PMID: 32930468 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0820-652r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, NK cells, initially identified as potent cytotoxic effector cells, have revealed an unexpected complexity, both at phenotypic and functional levels. The discovery of different NK cell subsets, characterized by distinct gene expression and phenotypes, was combined with the characterization of the diverse functions NK cells can exert, not only as circulating cells, but also as cells localized or recruited in lymphoid organs and in multiple tissues. Besides the elimination of tumor and virus-infected cells, these functions include the production of cytokines and chemokines, the regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, the influence on tissue homeostasis. In addition, NK cells display a remarkable functional plasticity, being able to adapt to the environment and to develop a kind of memory. Nevertheless, the powerful cytotoxic activity of NK cells remains one of their most relevant properties, particularly in the antitumor response. In this review, the process of tumor cell recognition and killing mediated by NK cells, starting from the generation of cytolytic granules and recognition of target cell, to the establishment of the NK cell immunological synapse, the release of cytotoxic molecules, and consequent tumor cell death is described. Next, the review focuses on the heterogeneous mechanisms, either intrinsic to tumors or induced by the tumor microenvironment, by which cancer cells can escape the NK cell-mediated attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Garcia E, Ismail S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3283. [PMID: 32384769 PMCID: PMC7247333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a signaling network, not only the functions of molecules are important but when (temporal) and where (spatial) those functions are exerted and orchestrated is what defines the signaling output. To temporally and spatially modulate signaling events, cells generate specialized functional domains with variable lifetime and size that concentrate signaling molecules, enhancing their transduction potential. The plasma membrane is a key in this regulation, as it constitutes a primary signaling hub that integrates signals within and across the membrane. Here, we examine some of the mechanisms that cells exhibit to spatiotemporally regulate signal transduction, focusing on the early events of T cell activation from triggering of T cell receptor to formation and maturation of the immunological synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shehab Ismail
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samassa F, Ferrari ML, Husson J, Mikhailova A, Porat Z, Sidaner F, Brunner K, Teo TH, Frigimelica E, Tinevez JY, Sansonetti PJ, Thoulouze MI, Phalipon A. Shigella impairs human T lymphocyte responsiveness by hijacking actin cytoskeleton dynamics and T cell receptor vesicular trafficking. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13166. [PMID: 31957253 PMCID: PMC7187243 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strategies employed by pathogenic enteric bacteria, such as Shigella, to subvert the host adaptive immunity are not well defined. Impairment of T lymphocyte chemotaxis by blockage of polarised edge formation has been reported upon Shigella infection. However, the functional impact of Shigella on T lymphocytes remains to be determined. Here, we show that Shigella modulates CD4+ T cell F‐actin dynamics and increases cell cortical stiffness. The scanning ability of T lymphocytes when encountering antigen‐presenting cells (APC) is subsequently impaired resulting in decreased cell–cell contacts (or conjugates) between the two cell types, as compared with non‐infected T cells. In addition, the few conjugates established between the invaded T cells and APCs display no polarised delivery and accumulation of the T cell receptor to the contact zone characterising canonical immunological synapses. This is most likely due to the targeting of intracellular vesicular trafficking by the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors IpaJ and VirA. The collective impact of these cellular reshapings by Shigella eventually results in T cell activation dampening. Altogether, these results highlight the combined action of T3SS effectors leading to T cell defects upon Shigella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata Samassa
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Mariana L Ferrari
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Julien Husson
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Katja Brunner
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France.,Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Armelle Phalipon
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei L, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Nan L, Liao N, Mo S. Potential Role of Integrin α₅β₁/Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Actin Cytoskeleton in the Mechanotransduction and Response of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Cultured on a 3-Dimension Lactide-Co-Glycolide (3D PLGA) Scaffold. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921626. [PMID: 32034900 PMCID: PMC7027369 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of orthodontic treatment is thought to be significantly affected by the compression and retraction of gingival tissues, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. The objectives of our study were to explore the effects of mechanical force on the ECM-integrin-cytoskeleton linkage response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured on 3-dimension (3D) lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) biological scaffold and to further study the mechanotransduction pathways that could be involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS A compressive force of 25 g/m² was applied to the HGFs-PLGA 3D co-cultured model. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining was used to evaluate the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton. The expression level of type I collagen (COL-1) and the activation of the integrin alpha₅ß₁/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway were determined by using real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. The impacts of the applied force on the expression levels of FAK, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and COL-1 were also measured in cells treated with integrin alpha₅ß₁ inhibitor (Ac-PHSCN-NH 2, ATN-161). RESULTS Mechanical force increased the expression of integrin alpha₅ß₁, FAK (p-FAK), and COL-1 in HGFs, and induced the formation of stress fibers. Blocking integrin alpha₅ß₁ reduced the expression of FAK (p-FAK), while the expression of COL-1 was not fully inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The integrin alpha₅ß₁/FAK signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton appear to be involved in the mechanotransduction of HGFs. There could be other mechanisms involved in the promotion effect of mechanical force on collagen synthesis in addition to the integrin alpha₅ß₁ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Nan
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ni Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shuixue Mo
- Department of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Colin-York H, Kumari S, Barbieri L, Cords L, Fritzsche M. Distinct actin cytoskeleton behaviour in primary and immortalised T-cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.232322. [PMID: 31413071 PMCID: PMC6898998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal actin dynamics are crucial for the activation of T-cells. Immortalised Jurkat T-cells have been the model system of choice to examine and correlate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and the immunological synapse leading to T-cell activation. However, it has remained unclear whether immortalised cellular systems, such as Jurkat T-cells can recapitulate the cytoskeletal behaviour of primary T-cells. Studies delineating the cytoskeletal behaviour of Jurkat T-cells in comparison to primary T-cells are lacking. Here, we employ live-cell super-resolution microscopy to investigate the cytoskeletal actin organisation and dynamics of living primary and immortalised Jurkat T-cells at the appropriate spatiotemporal resolution. Under comparable activation conditions, we found differences in the architectural organisation and dynamics of Jurkat and primary mouse and human T-cells. Although the three main actin network architectures in Jurkat T-cells were reminiscent of primary T-cells, there were differences in the organisation and molecular mechanisms underlying these networks. Our results highlight mechanistic distinctions in the T-cell model system most utilised to study cytoskeletal actin dynamics. Summary: The emerging idea that the cytoskeletal and biophysical principles are preserved in primary cells and transformed cell lines, and the two can be used to interchangeably examine synaptic actin characteristics, needs careful reconsideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Liliana Barbieri
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lena Cords
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK .,Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim M. A numerical mechanical model integrating actin treadmilling and receptor recycling to explain selective disengagement of immune cells. Math Biosci 2019; 316:108244. [PMID: 31449891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T-killer cells of the immune system eliminate virus-infected cells by releasing toxic granules through a direct cell to cell surface interface (synapse). The release of toxic granules only through the cell surface interface assures the specificity of the immune response. The toxic granule releasing apparatus, however, may not be aligned toward the synapse at the moment of the synapse formation. Therefore, mechanisms for reorienting the killing apparatus inside the T-killer cell to the interface with the target is required. Numerous research works were reported to suggest the mechanisms with direct and indirect evidence, but the most adversary situation, that is when the cell's initial orientation is the complete opposite of the desired direction, either remained answered or brought skepticism toward the suggested mechanisms. To address this issue, a computational mechanical model of T-killer cell synapse formation is constructed to test previously suggested models in a more realistic setting and at the same time to test previously neglected component in the model, namely the actin network formation on the synapse. In this model, by capturing the mechanical interaction between T-killer cell surface receptor dynamics and mechanical properties of synapse formation, it is shown that T-killer cells can selectively engage or disengage from the target cell depending on the killing apparatus alignment with the target. The mechanism works as a safeguard measure ensuring target-cell killing and specificity, so it will be effective when T-killer cells are stranded in situations where the alignment of the killing apparatus is challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myles Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wurzer H, Hoffmann C, Al Absi A, Thomas C. Actin Cytoskeleton Straddling the Immunological Synapse between Cytotoxic Lymphocytes and Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050463. [PMID: 31100864 PMCID: PMC6563383 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a fundamental part of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as cytolytic T cells and natural killer cells, control tumor growth and disease progression by interacting and eliminating tumor cells. The actin cytoskeleton of cytotoxic lymphocytes engaged in an immunological synapse has received considerable research attention. It has been recognized as a central mediator of the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse, and its signaling and cytolytic activities. In comparison, fewer studies have explored the organization and function of actin filaments on the target cancer cell side of the immunological synapse. However, there is growing evidence that the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells also undergoes extensive remodeling upon cytotoxic lymphocyte attack, and that such remodeling can alter physical and functional interactions at the immunological synapse. In this article, we review the current knowledge of actin organization and functions at both sides of the immunological synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, with particular focus on synapse formation, signaling and cytolytic activity, and immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wurzer
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
- University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, 2 Avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Antoun Al Absi
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
- University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun X, Wei Y, Lee PP, Ren B, Liu C. The role of WASp in T cells and B cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103919. [PMID: 31047647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a form of primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) resulting from mutations of the gene that encodes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). WASp is the first identified and most widely studied protein belonging to the actin nucleation-promoting factor family and plays significant role in integrating and transforming signals from critical receptors on the cell surface to actin remodeling. WASp functions in immune defense and homeostasis through the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-dependent cellular processes as well as processes uncoupled with actin polymerization like nuclear transcription programs. In this article, we review the mechanisms of WASp activation through an understanding of its structure. We further discuss the role of WASp in adaptive immunity, paying special attention to some recent findings on the crucial role of WASp in the formation of immunological synapse, the regulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and in the prevention of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Wei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela P Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|