1
|
Kamnev A, Mehta T, Wielscher M, Chaves B, Lacouture C, Mautner AK, Shaw LE, Caldera M, Menche J, Weninger WP, Farlik M, Boztug K, Dupré L. Coordinated ARP2/3 and glycolytic activities regulate the morphological and functional fitness of human CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113853. [PMID: 38421875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the ability of cytotoxic T cells to search for target cells and eliminate them. We here investigated the relationship between energetic status, actin remodeling, and functional fitness in human CD8+ effector T cells. Cell spreading during migration or immunological synapse assembly mirrored cytotoxic activity. Morphological and functional fitness were boosted by interleukin-2 (IL-2), which also stimulated the transcription of glycolytic enzymes, actin isoforms, and actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex subunits. This molecular program scaled with F-actin content and cell spreading. Inhibiting glycolysis impaired F-actin remodeling at the lamellipodium, chemokine-driven motility, and adhesion, while mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation blockade impacted cell elongation during confined migration. The severe morphological and functional defects of ARPC1B-deficient T cells were only partially corrected by IL-2, emphasizing ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization as a crucial energy state integrator. The study therefore underscores the tight coordination between metabolic and actin remodeling programs to sustain the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanvi Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatriz Chaves
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Computational Modeling Group, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vulliard L, Hancock J, Kamnev A, Fell CW, Ferreira da Silva J, Loizou JI, Nagy V, Dupré L, Menche J. BioProfiling.jl: profiling biological perturbations with high-content imaging in single cells and heterogeneous populations. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1692-1699. [PMID: 34935929 PMCID: PMC8896612 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION High-content imaging screens provide a cost-effective and scalable way to assess cell states across diverse experimental conditions. The analysis of the acquired microscopy images involves assembling and curating raw cellular measurements into morphological profiles suitable for testing biological hypotheses. Despite being a critical step, general-purpose and adaptable tools for morphological profiling are lacking and no solution is available for the high-performance Julia programming language. RESULTS Here, we introduce BioProfiling.jl, an efficient end-to-end solution for compiling and filtering informative morphological profiles in Julia. The package contains all the necessary data structures to curate morphological measurements and helper functions to transform, normalize and visualize profiles. Robust statistical distances and permutation tests enable quantification of the significance of the observed changes despite the high fraction of outliers inherent to high-content screens. This package also simplifies visual artifact diagnostics, thus streamlining a bottleneck of morphological analyses. We showcase the features of the package by analyzing a chemical imaging screen, in which the morphological profiles prove to be informative about the compounds' mechanisms of action and can be conveniently integrated with the network localization of molecular targets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The Julia package is available on GitHub: https://github.com/menchelab/BioProfiling.jl. We also provide Jupyter notebooks reproducing our analyses: https://github.com/menchelab/BioProfilingNotebooks. The data underlying this article are available from FigShare, at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14784678.v2. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loan Vulliard
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Joel Hancock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christopher W Fell
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Joana Ferreira da Silva
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Vanja Nagy
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse 31024, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
German Y, Vulliard L, Kamnev A, Pfajfer L, Huemer J, Mautner AK, Rubio A, Kalinichenko A, Boztug K, Ferrand A, Menche J, Dupré L. Morphological profiling of human T and NK lymphocytes by high-content cell imaging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109318. [PMID: 34233185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse is a complex structure that decodes stimulatory signals into adapted lymphocyte responses. It is a unique window to monitor lymphocyte activity because of development of systematic quantitative approaches. Here we demonstrate the applicability of high-content imaging to human T and natural killer (NK) cells and develop a pipeline for unbiased analysis of high-definition morphological profiles. Our approach reveals how distinct facets of actin cytoskeleton remodeling shape immunological synapse architecture and affect lytic granule positioning. Morphological profiling of CD8+ T cells from immunodeficient individuals allows discrimination of the roles of the ARP2/3 subunit ARPC1B and the ARP2/3 activator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) in immunological synapse assembly. Single-cell analysis further identifies uncoupling of lytic granules and F-actin radial distribution in ARPC1B-deficient lymphocytes. Our study provides a foundation for development of morphological profiling as a scalable approach to monitor primary lymphocyte responsiveness and to identify complex aspects of lymphocyte micro-architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolla German
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Vulliard
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Katharina Mautner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Rubio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Artem Kalinichenko
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamnev A, Palani S, Zambon P, Cheffings T, Burroughs N, Balasubramanian MK. Time-varying mobility and turnover of actomyosin ring components during cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:237-246. [PMID: 33326250 PMCID: PMC8098825 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes is dependent on a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR), composed of F-actin, myosin II, and other actin and myosin II regulators. Through fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, many components of the AMR have been shown to be mobile and to undergo constant exchange with the cytosolic pools. However, how the mobility of its components changes at distinct stages of mitosis and cytokinesis has not been addressed. Here, we describe the mobility of eight Schizosaccharomyces pombe AMR proteins at different stages of mitosis and cytokinesis using an approach we have developed. We identified three classes of proteins, which showed 1) high (Ain1, Myo2, Myo51), 2) low (Rng2, Mid1, Myp2, Cdc12), and 3) cell cycle-dependent (Cdc15) mobile fractions. We observed that the F-BAR protein Cdc15 undergoes a 20-30% reduction in its mobile fraction after spindle breakdown and initiation of AMR contraction. Moreover, our data indicate that this change in Cdc15 mobility is dependent on the septation initiation network (SIN). Our work offers a novel strategy for estimating cell cycle-dependent mobile protein fractions in cellular structures and provides a valuable dataset, that is of interest to researchers working on cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
| | - Saravanan Palani
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
| | - Paola Zambon
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
| | - Tom Cheffings
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
| | - Nigel Burroughs
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
- Department of Mathematics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mohan K. Balasubramanian
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chew TG, Lim TC, Osaki Y, Huang J, Kamnev A, Hatano T, Osumi M, Balasubramanian MK. Inhibition of cell membrane ingression at the division site by cell walls in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2306-2314. [PMID: 32755476 PMCID: PMC7851958 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells assemble actomyosin rings during cytokinesis to function as force-generating machines to drive membrane invagination and to counteract the intracellular pressure and the cell surface tension. How the extracellular matrix affects actomyosin ring contraction has not been fully explored. While studying the Schizosaccharomyces pombe 1,3-β-glucan-synthase mutant cps1-191, which is defective in division septum synthesis and arrests with a stable actomyosin ring, we found that weakening of the extracellular glycan matrix caused the generated spheroplasts to divide under the nonpermissive condition. This nonmedial slow division was dependent on a functional actomyosin ring and vesicular trafficking, but independent of normal septum synthesis. Interestingly, the high intracellular turgor pressure appears to play a minimal role in inhibiting ring contraction in the absence of cell wall remodeling in cps1-191 mutants, as decreasing the turgor pressure alone did not enable spheroplast division. We propose that during cytokinesis, the extracellular glycan matrix restricts actomyosin ring contraction and membrane ingression, and remodeling of the extracellular components through division septum synthesis relieves the inhibition and facilitates actomyosin ring contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gang Chew
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 314400, People's Republic of China
| | - Tzer Chyn Lim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yumi Osaki
- Integrated Imaging Research Support, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
| | - Junqi Huang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoyuki Hatano
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Masako Osumi
- Integrated Imaging Research Support, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan.,Laboratory of Electron Microscopy/Bio-imaging Center, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thian M, Hoeger B, Kamnev A, Poyer F, Bal SK, Caldera M, Jiménez-Heredia R, Huemer J, Pickl WF, Groß M, Ehl S, Lucas CL, Menche J, Hutter C, Attarbaschi A, Dupré L, Boztug K. Germline biallelic PIK3CG mutations in a multifaceted immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation. Haematologica 2020; 105:e488. [PMID: 33054089 PMCID: PMC7556668 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.231399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marini Thian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Hoeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiona Poyer
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sevgi Köstel Bal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raúl Jiménez-Heredia
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Groß
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carrie L. Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Hutter
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR1043, CNRS UMR5282, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palani S, Köster DV, Hatano T, Kamnev A, Kanamaru T, Brooker HR, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Jones AME, Millar JBA, Mulvihill DP, Balasubramanian MK. Phosphoregulation of tropomyosin is crucial for actin cable turnover and division site placement. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3548-3559. [PMID: 31597679 PMCID: PMC6829654 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Palani et al. reveal a new mechanism by which the F-actin binding protein tropomyosin is regulated. They find that phosphorylation of tropomyosin reduces its affinity for F-actin, allowing the competing Adf1 to bind and sever actin filaments. Tropomyosin is a coiled-coil actin binding protein key to the stability of actin filaments. In muscle cells, tropomyosin is subject to calcium regulation, but its regulation in nonmuscle cells is not understood. Here, we provide evidence that the fission yeast tropomyosin, Cdc8, is regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue. Failure of phosphorylation leads to an increased number and stability of actin cables and causes misplacement of the division site in certain genetic backgrounds. Phosphorylation of Cdc8 weakens its interaction with actin filaments. Furthermore, we show through in vitro reconstitution that phosphorylation-mediated release of Cdc8 from actin filaments facilitates access of the actin-severing protein Adf1 and subsequent filament disassembly. These studies establish that phosphorylation may be a key mode of regulation of nonmuscle tropomyosins, which in fission yeast controls actin filament stability and division site placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Palani
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Darius V Köster
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tomoyuki Hatano
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Taishi Kanamaru
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Holly R Brooker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan B A Millar
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tugarova A, Mamchenkova P, Dyatlova Y, Kamnev A. Bacteria as cell factories for producing selenium nanoparticles: their synthesis by the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense and characterisation. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
10
|
Meadows JC, Messin LJ, Kamnev A, Lancaster TC, Balasubramanian MK, Cross RA, Millar JB. Opposing kinesin complexes queue at plus tips to ensure microtubule catastrophe at cell ends. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846196. [PMID: 30206188 PMCID: PMC6216294 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In fission yeast, the lengths of interphase microtubule (iMT) arrays are adapted to cell length to maintain cell polarity and to help centre the nucleus and cell division ring. Here, we show that length regulation of iMTs is dictated by spatially regulated competition between MT‐stabilising Tea2/Tip1/Mal3 (Kinesin‐7) and MT‐destabilising Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1 (Kinesin‐8) complexes at iMT plus ends. During MT growth, the Tea2/Tip1/Mal3 complex remains bound to the plus ends of iMT bundles, thereby restricting access to the plus ends by Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1, which accumulate behind it. At cell ends, Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1 invades the space occupied by the Tea2/Tip1/Tea1 kinesin complex triggering its displacement from iMT plus ends and MT catastrophe. These data show that in vivo, whilst an iMT length‐dependent model for catastrophe factor accumulation has validity, length control of iMTs is an emergent property reflecting spatially regulated competition between distinct kinesin complexes at the MT plus tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Meadows
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Liam J Messin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Theresa C Lancaster
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Robert A Cross
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jonathan Ba Millar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hatano T, Alioto S, Roscioli E, Palani S, Clarke ST, Kamnev A, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Sivashanmugam L, Chapa-Y-Lazo B, Jones AME, Robinson RC, Sampath K, Mishima M, McAinsh AD, Goode BL, Balasubramanian MK. Rapid production of pure recombinant actin isoforms in Pichia pastoris. J Cell Sci 2018. [PMID: 29535210 PMCID: PMC5976186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Actins are major eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, and they are involved in many important cell functions, including cell division, cell polarity, wound healing and muscle contraction. Despite obvious drawbacks, muscle actin, which is easily purified, is used extensively for biochemical studies of the non-muscle actin cytoskeleton. Here, we report a rapid and cost-effective method to purify heterologous actins expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Actin is expressed as a fusion with the actin-binding protein thymosin β4 and purified by means of an affinity tag introduced in the fusion. Following cleavage of thymosin β4 and the affinity tag, highly purified functional full-length actin is liberated. We purify actins from Saccharomycescerevisiae and Schizosaccharomycespombe, and the β- and γ-isoforms of human actin. We also report a modification of the method that facilitates expression and purification of arginylated actin, a form of actin thought to regulate dendritic actin networks in mammalian cells. The methods we describe can be performed in all laboratories equipped for molecular biology, and should greatly facilitate biochemical and cell biological studies of the actin cytoskeleton. Summary:Here, we describe a method to purify recombinant actin to homogeneity by expression in Pichia pastoris. The purified actin is polymerisation competent and should facilitate biochemical and cell biological studies of the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hatano
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Salvatore Alioto
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Emanuele Roscioli
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Saravanan Palani
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Scott T Clarke
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Lavanya Sivashanmugam
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bernardo Chapa-Y-Lazo
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Robert C Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Karuna Sampath
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Masanori Mishima
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lim TC, Hatano T, Kamnev A, Balasubramanian MK, Chew TG. Equatorial Assembly of the Cell-Division Actomyosin Ring in the Absence of Cytokinetic Spatial Cues. Curr Biol 2018; 28:955-962.e3. [PMID: 29502950 PMCID: PMC5863765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The position of the division site dictates the size and fate of daughter cells in many organisms. In animal cells, division-site placement involves overlapping mechanisms, including signaling from the central spindle microtubules, astral microtubules, and spindle poles and through polar contractions [1, 2, 3]. In fission yeast, division-site positioning requires overlapping mechanisms involving the anillin-related protein Mid1 and the tip complex (comprising the Kelch-repeat protein Tea1, the Dyrk-kinase Pom1, and the SH3-domain protein Tea4) [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In addition to these factors, cell shape has also been shown to participate in the maintenance of the position of the actomyosin ring [12, 13, 14]. The first principles guiding actomyosin ring placement, however, have not been elucidated in any organism. Because actomyosin ring positioning, ring assembly, and cell morphogenesis are genetically separable in fission yeast, we have used it to derive actomyosin ring placement mechanisms from first principles. We report that, during ring assembly in the absence of cytokinetic cues (anillin-related Mid1 and tip-complex proteins), actin bundles follow the path of least curvature and assemble actomyosin rings in an equatorial position in spherical protoplasts and along the long axis in cylindrical cells and compressed protoplasts. The equatorial position of rings is abolished upon treatment of protoplasts with an actin-severing compound or by slowing down actin polymerization. We propose that the physical properties of actin filaments/bundles play key roles in actomyosin ring assembly and positioning, and that key cytokinetic molecules may modulate the length of actin filaments to promote ring assembly along the short axis. Spheroplasts lacking cytokinetic spatial cues assemble equatorial actomyosin rings An actin-severing compound abolishes equatorial ring assembly in spheroplasts Actin bundles favor the path of least curvature in the absence of cytokinetic cues
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzer Chyn Lim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tomoyuki Hatano
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palani S, Zambon P, Kamnev A, Hatano T, Balasubramanian MK, Köster DV. Characterization of Actin Modulating Proteins in the Cytokinetic Ring Machinery of Yeast using a Minimal In-Vitro System. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
14
|
Palani S, Srinivasan R, Zambon P, Kamnev A, Gayathri P, Balasubramanian MK. Steric hindrance in the upper 50 kDa domain of the motor Myo2p leads to cytokinesis defects in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.205625. [PMID: 29162650 PMCID: PMC5818058 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes requires a contractile actomyosin ring that is placed at the division site. In fission yeast, which is an attractive organism for the study of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring assembly and contraction requires the myosin II heavy chain Myo2p. Although myo2-E1, a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the upper 50 kDa domain of Myo2p, has been studied extensively, the molecular basis of the cytokinesis defect is not understood. Here, we isolate myo2-E1-Sup2, an intragenic suppressor that contains the original mutation in myo2-E1 (G345R) and a second mutation in the upper 50 kDa domain (Y297C). Unlike myo2-E1-Sup1, a previously characterized myo2-E1 suppressor, myo2-E1-Sup2 reverses actomyosin ring contraction defects in vitro and in vivo Structural analysis of available myosin motor domain conformations suggests that a steric clash in myo2-E1, which is caused by the replacement of a glycine with a bulky arginine, is relieved in myo2-E1-Sup2 by mutation of a tyrosine to a smaller cysteine. Our work provides insight into the function of the upper 50 kDa domain of Myo2p, informs a molecular basis for the cytokinesis defect in myo2-E1, and may be relevant to the understanding of certain cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Palani
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ramanujam Srinivasan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Engineering and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Paola Zambon
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Pananghat Gayathri
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411 008, India
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chew TG, Huang J, Palani S, Sommese R, Kamnev A, Hatano T, Gu Y, Oliferenko S, Sivaramakrishnan S, Balasubramanian MK. Actin turnover maintains actin filament homeostasis during cytokinetic ring contraction. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2657-2667. [PMID: 28655757 PMCID: PMC5584170 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cytokinetic actomyosin ring components undergo dynamic turnover, but its function is unclear. Chew et al. show that continuous actin polymerization ensures crucial F-actin homeostasis during ring contraction, without which ring proteins organize into noncontractile clusters. Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes involves a tension-generating actomyosin-based contractile ring. Many components of actomyosin rings turn over during contraction, although the significance of this turnover has remained enigmatic. Here, using Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, we investigate the role of turnover of actin and myosin II in its contraction. Actomyosin ring components self-organize into ∼1-µm-spaced clusters instead of undergoing full-ring contraction in the absence of continuous actin polymerization. This effect is reversed when actin filaments are stabilized. We tested the idea that the function of turnover is to ensure actin filament homeostasis in a synthetic system, in which we abolished turnover by fixing rings in cell ghosts with formaldehyde. We found that these rings contracted fully upon exogenous addition of a vertebrate myosin. We conclude that actin turnover is required to maintain actin filament homeostasis during ring contraction and that the requirement for turnover can be bypassed if homeostasis is achieved artificially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gang Chew
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Junqi Huang
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruth Sommese
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Ying Gu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palani S, Chew TG, Ramanujam S, Kamnev A, Harne S, Chapa-Y-Lazo B, Hogg R, Sevugan M, Mishra M, Gayathri P, Balasubramanian MK. Motor Activity Dependent and Independent Functions of Myosin II Contribute to Actomyosin Ring Assembly and Contraction in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Biol 2017; 27:751-757. [PMID: 28238661 PMCID: PMC5344676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis depends on a contractile actomyosin ring in many eukaryotes [1, 2, 3]. Myosin II is a key component of the actomyosin ring, although whether it functions as a motor or as an actin cross-linker to exert its essential role is disputed [1, 4, 5]. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the myo2-E1 mutation affects the upper 50 kDa sub-domain of the myosin II heavy chain, and cells carrying this lethal mutation are defective in actomyosin ring assembly at the non-permissive temperature [6, 7]. myo2-E1 also affects actomyosin ring contraction when rings isolated from permissive temperature-grown cells are incubated with ATP [8]. Here we report isolation of a compensatory suppressor mutation in the lower 50 kDa sub-domain (myo2-E1-Sup1) that reverses the inability of myo2-E1 to form colonies at the restrictive temperature. myo2-E1-Sup1 is capable of assembling normal actomyosin rings, although rings isolated from myo2-E1-Sup1 are defective in ATP-dependent contraction in vitro. Furthermore, the product of myo2-E1-Sup1 does not translocate actin filaments in motility assays in vitro. Superimposition of myo2-E1 and myo2-E1-Sup1 on available rigor and blebbistatin-bound myosin II structures suggests that myo2-E1-Sup1 may represent a novel actin translocation-defective allele. Actomyosin ring contraction and viability of myo2-E1-Sup1 cells depend on the late cytokinetic S. pombe myosin II isoform, Myp2p, a non-essential protein that is normally dispensable for actomyosin ring assembly and contraction. Our work reveals that Myo2p may function in two different and essential modes during cytokinesis: a motor activity-independent form that can promote actomyosin ring assembly and a motor activity-dependent form that supports ring contraction. In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis requires an actomyosin-based contractile ring The role of motor activity of myosin II in cytokinesis is a topic of active debate We isolate a new allele of S. pombe Myo2, an essential myosin heavy chain We show motor activity-dependent and -independent roles for Myo2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Palani
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Srinivasan Ramanujam
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Shrikant Harne
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Bernardo Chapa-Y-Lazo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Rebecca Hogg
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mayalagu Sevugan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1. Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Mithilesh Mishra
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1. Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Pananghat Gayathri
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang S, Thiyagarajan S, Chew TG, Huang J, Palani S, Kamnev A, Gu Y, Oliferenko S, Balasubramanian M, O'Shaughnessy B. Component Turnover in the Cytokinetic Ring Maintains Organizational Homeostasis and Tension Production. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
18
|
Huang J, Chew TG, Gu Y, Palani S, Kamnev A, Martin DS, Carter NJ, Cross RA, Oliferenko S, Balasubramanian MK. Curvature-induced expulsion of actomyosin bundles during cytokinetic ring contraction. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27734801 PMCID: PMC5077295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotes assemble a ring-shaped actomyosin network that contracts to drive cytokinesis. Unlike actomyosin in sarcomeres, which cycles through contraction and relaxation, the cytokinetic ring disassembles during contraction through an unknown mechanism. Here we find in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe that, during actomyosin ring contraction, actin filaments associated with actomyosin rings are expelled as micron-scale bundles containing multiple actomyosin ring proteins. Using functional isolated actomyosin rings we show that expulsion of actin bundles does not require continuous presence of cytoplasm. Strikingly, mechanical compression of actomyosin rings results in expulsion of bundles predominantly at regions of high curvature. Our work unprecedentedly reveals that the increased curvature of the ring itself promotes its disassembly. It is likely that such a curvature-induced mechanism may operate in disassembly of other contractile networks. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21383.001
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Huang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Gu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saravanan Palani
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Kamnev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas S Martin
- Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, United States
| | - Nicholas J Carter
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Anthony Cross
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohan K Balasubramanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|