1
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van Noorden CJ, Yetkin-Arik B, Serrano Martinez P, Bakker N, van Breest Smallenburg ME, Schlingemann RO, Klaassen I, Majc B, Habic A, Bogataj U, Galun SK, Vittori M, Erdani Kreft M, Novak M, Breznik B, Hira VV. New Insights in ATP Synthesis as Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Angiogenic Ocular Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:329-352. [PMID: 38733294 PMCID: PMC11107438 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241249515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate and ATP formation by aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, is considered a hallmark of cancer. During angiogenesis in non-cancerous tissue, proliferating stalk endothelial cells (ECs) also produce lactate and ATP by aerobic glycolysis. In fact, all proliferating cells, both non-cancer and cancer cells, need lactate for the biosynthesis of building blocks for cell growth and tissue expansion. Moreover, both non-proliferating cancer stem cells in tumors and leader tip ECs during angiogenesis rely on glycolysis for pyruvate production, which is used for ATP synthesis in mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Therefore, aerobic glycolysis is not a specific hallmark of cancer but rather a hallmark of proliferating cells and limits its utility in cancer therapy. However, local treatment of angiogenic eye conditions with inhibitors of glycolysis may be a safe therapeutic option that warrants experimental investigation. Most types of cells in the eye such as photoreceptors and pericytes use OXPHOS for ATP production, whereas proliferating angiogenic stalk ECs rely on glycolysis for lactate and ATP production. (J Histochem Cytochem XX.XXX-XXX, XXXX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J.F. van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Serrano Martinez
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noëlle Bakker
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reinier O. Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Habic
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Katrin Galun
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milos Vittori
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Leonard-Duke J, Agro SMJ, Csordas DJ, Bruce AC, Eggertsen TG, Tavakol TN, Barker TH, Bonham CA, Saucerman JJ, Taite LJ, Peirce SM. Multiscale computational model predicts how environmental changes and drug treatments affect microvascular remodeling in fibrotic disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585249. [PMID: 38559112 PMCID: PMC10979947 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the molecular, cellular, and tissue-level changes caused by disease, and the effects of pharmacological treatments across these biological scales, necessitates the use of multiscale computational modeling in combination with experimentation. Many diseases dynamically alter the tissue microenvironment in ways that trigger microvascular network remodeling, which leads to the expansion or regression of microvessel networks. When microvessels undergo remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), functional gas exchange is impaired due to loss of alveolar structures and lung function declines. Here, we integrated a multiscale computational model with independent experiments to investigate how combinations of biomechanical and biochemical cues in IPF alter cell fate decisions leading to microvascular remodeling. Our computational model predicted that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening reduced microvessel area, which was accompanied by physical uncoupling of endothelial cell (ECs) and pericytes, the cells that comprise microvessels. Nintedanib, an FDA-approved drug for treating IPF, was predicted to further potentiate microvessel regression by decreasing the percentage of quiescent pericytes while increasing the percentage of pericytes undergoing pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT) in high ECM stiffnesses. Importantly, the model suggested that YAP/TAZ inhibition may overcome the deleterious effects of nintedanib by promoting EC-pericyte coupling and maintaining microvessel homeostasis. Overall, our combination of computational and experimental modeling can explain how cell decisions affect tissue changes during disease and in response to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Leonard-Duke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel M. J. Agro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David J. Csordas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anthony C. Bruce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Taylor G. Eggertsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tara N. Tavakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine A. Bonham
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffery J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lakeshia J. Taite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayn M. Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Al-Hosni R, Kaye R, Choi CS, Tammaro P. The TMEM16A channel as a potential therapeutic target in vascular disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:161-169. [PMID: 38193301 PMCID: PMC10842660 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca 2+ -activated Cl - channel constitutes a key depolarising mechanism in vascular smooth muscle and contractile pericytes, while in endothelial cells the channel is implicated in angiogenesis and in the response to vasoactive stimuli. Here, we offer a critical analysis of recent physiological investigations and consider the potential for targeting TMEM16A channels in vascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A channels in vascular smooth muscle decreases artery tone and lowers systemic blood pressure in rodent models. Inhibition of TMEM16A channels in cerebral cortical pericytes protects against ischemia-induced tissue damage and improves microvascular blood flow in rodent stroke models. In endothelial cells, the TMEM16A channel plays varied roles including modulation of cell division and control of vessel tone through spread of hyperpolarisation to the smooth muscle cells. Genetic studies implicate TMEM16A channels in human disease including systemic and pulmonary hypertension, stroke and Moyamoya disease. SUMMARY The TMEM16A channel regulates vascular function by controlling artery tone and capillary diameter as well as vessel formation and histology. Preclinical and clinical investigations are highlighting the potential for therapeutic exploitation of the channel in a range of maladaptive states of the (micro)circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumaitha Al-Hosni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
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Chen Y, Bai X, Chen J, Huang M, Hong Q, Ouyang Q, Sun X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Wu L, Chen X. Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates kidney fibrosis through pericyte glycolysis during the progression from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13548. [PMID: 37749923 PMCID: PMC10849781 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of renal pericyte pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of PKM2 in renal pericyte-myofibroblast transdifferentiation was investigated in an AKI-CKD mouse model. Platelet growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)-iCreERT2; tdTomato mice were used for renal pericyte tracing. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine protein expression. An 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay was used to measure renal pericyte proliferation. A scratch cell migration assay was used to analyse cell migration. Seahorse experiments were used to examine glycolytic rates. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity and lactate concentrations. The PKM2 nuclear translocation inhibitors Shikonin and TEPP-46 were used to alter pericyte transdifferentiation. In AKI-CKD, renal pericytes proliferated and transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts and PKM2 is highly expressed in renal pericytes. Shikonin and TEPP-46 inhibited pericyte proliferation, migration, and pericyte-myofibroblast transdifferentiation by reducing nuclear PKM2 entry. In the nucleus, PKM2 promoted downstream lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) transcription, which are critical for glycolysis. Therefore, PKM2 regulates pericyte glycolytic and lactate production, which regulates renal pericyte-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. PKM2-regulated renal pericyte-myofibroblast transdifferentiation by regulating downstream LDHA and GLUT1 transcription and lactate production. Reducing nuclear PKM2 import can reduce renal pericytes-myofibroblasts transdifferentiation, providing new ideas for AKI-CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Chen
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
- Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
- Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Jiaona Liu
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijingChina
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5
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Picoli CDC, Birbrair A, Li Z. Pericytes as the Orchestrators of Vasculature and Adipogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:126. [PMID: 38275607 PMCID: PMC10815550 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are located surrounding the walls of small blood vessels, particularly capillaries and microvessels. In addition to their functions in maintaining vascular integrity, participating in angiogenesis, and regulating blood flow, PCs also serve as a reservoir for multi-potent stem/progenitor cells in white, brown, beige, and bone marrow adipose tissues. Due to the complex nature of this cell population, the identification and characterization of PCs has been challenging. A comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of PCs may enhance their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic syndromes or bone-related diseases. This mini-review summarizes multiple PC markers commonly employed in lineage-tracing studies, with an emphasis on their contribution to adipogenesis and functions in different adipose depots under diverse metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Ziru Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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6
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Simmonds SJ, Grootaert MOJ, Cuijpers I, Carai P, Geuens N, Herwig M, Baatsen P, Hamdani N, Luttun A, Heymans S, Jones EAV. Pericyte loss initiates microvascular dysfunction in the development of diastolic dysfunction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oead129. [PMID: 38174347 PMCID: PMC10763525 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Aims Microvascular dysfunction has been proposed to drive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the initiating molecular and cellular events are largely unknown. Our objective was to determine when microvascular alterations in HFpEF begin, how they contribute to disease progression, and how pericyte dysfunction plays a role herein. Methods and results Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by inflammatory activation, loss of junctional barrier function, and altered pericyte-endothelial crosstalk, was assessed with respect to the development of cardiac dysfunction, in the Zucker fatty and spontaneously hypertensive (ZSF1) obese rat model of HFpEF at three time points: 6, 14, and 21 weeks of age. Pericyte loss was the earliest and strongest microvascular change, occurring before prominent echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction were present. Pericytes were shown to be less proliferative and had a disrupted morphology at 14 weeks in the obese ZSF1 animals, who also exhibited an increased capillary luminal diameter and disrupted endothelial junctions. Microvascular dysfunction was also studied in a mouse model of chronic reduction in capillary pericyte coverage (PDGF-Bret/ret), which spontaneously developed many aspects of diastolic dysfunction. Pericytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro showed downregulation of cell cycle-associated pathways and induced a pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells upon co-culture. Conclusion We propose pericytes are important for maintaining endothelial cell function, where loss of pericytes enhances the reactivity of endothelial cells to inflammatory signals and promotes microvascular dysfunction, thereby accelerating the development of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Simmonds
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mandy O J Grootaert
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ilona Cuijpers
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Carai
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nadeche Geuens
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa Herwig
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St.Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Electron Microscopy Platform & VIB Bioimaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St.Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aernout Luttun
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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7
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Loesch A. Vasa Vasorum in Saphenous Vein for CABG: A Review of Morphological Characteristics. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 38:e20230045. [PMID: 37797088 PMCID: PMC10548833 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This short article discusses selected scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope features of vasa vasorum including pericytes and basement membrane of the human saphenous vein (SV) harvested with either conventional (CON) or no-touch (NT) technique for coronary artery bypass grafting. Scanning electron microscope data shows the general damage to vasa vasorum of CON-SV, while the transmission electron microscope data presents ultrastructural features of the vasa in more detail. Hence there are some features suggesting pericyte involvement in the contraction of vasa blood vessels, particularly in CON-SV. Other features associated with the vasa vasorum of both CON-SV and NT-SV preparations include thickened and/or multiplied layers of the basement membrane. In some cases, multiple layers of basement membrane embrace both pericyte and vasa microvessel making an impression of a "unit" made by basement membrane-pericyte-endothelium/microvessel. It can be speculated that this structural arrangement has an effect on the contractile and/or relaxing properties of the vessels involved. Endothelial colocalization of immunoreactive inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 can be observed (with laser confocal microscope) in some of the vasa microvessels. It can be speculated that this phenomenon, particularly of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, might be related to structurally changed vasa vessels, e.g., with expanded basement membrane. Fine physiological relationships between vasa vasorum endothelium, basement membrane, pericyte, and perivascular nerves have yet to be uncovered in the detail needed for better understanding of the cells'specific effects in SV preparations for coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Loesch
- Research Department of Inflammation, Centre for Rheumatology and
Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London,
United Kingdom
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8
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Romeo SG, Secco I, Schneider E, Reumiller CM, Santos CXC, Zoccarato A, Musale V, Pooni A, Yin X, Theofilatos K, Trevelin SC, Zeng L, Mann GE, Pathak V, Harkin K, Stitt AW, Medina RJ, Margariti A, Mayr M, Shah AM, Giacca M, Zampetaki A. Human blood vessel organoids reveal a critical role for CTGF in maintaining microvascular integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5552. [PMID: 37689702 PMCID: PMC10492781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature plays a key role in tissue perfusion and exchange of gases and metabolites. In this study we use human blood vessel organoids (BVOs) as a model of the microvasculature. BVOs fully recapitulate key features of the human microvasculature, including the reliance of mature endothelial cells on glycolytic metabolism, as concluded from metabolic flux assays and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using stable tracing of 13C-glucose. Pharmacological targeting of PFKFB3, an activator of glycolysis, using two chemical inhibitors results in rapid BVO restructuring, vessel regression with reduced pericyte coverage. PFKFB3 mutant BVOs also display similar structural remodelling. Proteomic analysis of the BVO secretome reveal remodelling of the extracellular matrix and differential expression of paracrine mediators such as CTGF. Treatment with recombinant CTGF recovers microvessel structure. In this work we demonstrate that BVOs rapidly undergo restructuring in response to metabolic changes and identify CTGF as a critical paracrine regulator of microvascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Romeo
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Secco
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Vishal Musale
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Aman Pooni
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kevin Harkin
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.
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9
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Wu Y, Fu J, Huang Y, Duan R, Zhang W, Wang C, Wang S, Hu X, Zhao H, Wang L, Liu J, Gao G, Yuan P. Biology and function of pericytes in the vascular microcirculation. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:337-345. [PMID: 37317664 PMCID: PMC10486323 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are the main cellular components of tiny arteries and capillaries. Studies have found that pericytes can undergo morphological contraction or relaxation under stimulation by cytokines, thus affecting the contraction and relaxation of microvessels and playing an essential role in regulating vascular microcirculation. Moreover, due to the characteristics of stem cells, pericytes can differentiate into a variety of inflammatory cell phenotypes, which then affect the immune function. Additionally, pericytes can also participate in angiogenesis and wound healing by interacting with endothelial cells in vascular microcirculation disorders. Here we review the origin, biological phenotype and function of pericytes, and discuss the potential mechanisms of pericytes in vascular microcirculation disorders, especially in pulmonary hypertension, so as to provide a sound basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of vascular microcirculation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Ningbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruowang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wentian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Bismuth ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Bismuth ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guosheng Gao
- Ningbo Huamei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Pericytes in the Neurovascular Unit and Its Disorders? Neurology 2023; 100:970-977. [PMID: 37188542 PMCID: PMC10186232 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
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11
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Chen L, Li X, Deng Y, Chen J, Huang M, Zhu F, Gao Z, Wu L, Hong Q, Feng Z, Cai G, Sun X, Bai X, Chen X. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mediates renal pericyte-myofibroblast transition by enhancing glycolysis through HKII. J Transl Med 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37179292 PMCID: PMC10182641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT) has been confirmed to contribute to renal fibrosis in several kidney diseases, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a well-known cytokine that drives PMT. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully established, and little is known about the associated metabolic changes. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify transcriptomic changes during PMT. PDGFRβ + pericytes were isolated using MACS, and an in vitro model of PMT was induced by 5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Metabolites were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) was used to inhibit glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase (HK). The hexokinase II (HKII) plasmid was transfected into pericytes for HKII overexpression. LY294002 or rapamycin was used to inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway for mechanistic exploration. RESULTS An increase in carbon metabolism during PMT was detected through bioinformatics and metabolomics analysis. We first detected increased levels of glycolysis and HKII expression in pericytes after stimulation with TGF-β1 for 48 h, accompanied by increased expression of α-SMA, vimentin and desmin. Transdifferentiation was blunted when pericytes were pretreated with 2-DG, an inhibitor of glycolysis. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were elevated during PMT, and after inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway with LY294002 or rapamycin, glycolysis in the TGF-β1-treated pericytes was decreased. Moreover, PMT and HKII transcription and activity were blunted, but the plasmid-mediated overexpression of HKII rescued PMT inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The expression and activity of HKII as well as the level of glycolysis were increased during PMT. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway regulates PMT by increasing glycolysis through HKII regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yiyao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fengge Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhumei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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12
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Perrino BA, Malogan J, Cobine CA, Sasse KC. Mfge8 is expressed by pericytes in gastric antrum submucosa from patients with obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C992-C1006. [PMID: 36939201 PMCID: PMC10110711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00043.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The main function of the stomach is to digest ingested food. Gastric antrum muscular contractions mix ingested food with digestive enzymes and stomach acid and propel the chyme through the pyloric sphincter at a rate in which the small intestine can process the chyme for optimal nutrient absorption. Mfge8 binding to α8β1 integrins helps regulate gastric emptying by reducing the force of antral smooth muscle contractions. The source of Mfge8 within gastric muscles is unclear. Since Mfge8 is a secreted protein, Mfge8 could be delivered via the circulation, or be locally secreted by cells within the muscle layers. In this study, we identify a source of Mfge8 within human gastric antrum muscles using spatial transcriptomic analysis. We show that Mfge8 is expressed in subpopulations of Mef2c+ perivascular cells within the submucosa layer of the gastric antrum. Mef2c is expressed in subpopulations of NG2+ and PDGFRB+ pericytes. Mfge8 is expressed in NG2+/Mef2c+ pericytes, but not in NG2+/Mef2c-, PDGFRB+/Mef2c-, or PDGFRB+/Mef2c+ pericytes. Mfge8 is absent from CD34+ endothelial cells but is expressed in a small population of perivascular ACTA2+ cells. We also show that α8 integrin is not expressed by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), supporting the findings that Mfge8 attenuates gastric antrum smooth muscle contractions by binding to α8β1 integrins on enteric smooth muscle cells. These findings suggest a novel, supplementary mechanism of regulation of gastric antrum motility by cellular regulators of capillary blood flow, in addition to the regulation of gastric antrum motility by the enteric nervous system and the SMC, ICC, and PDGFRα+ cell (SIP) syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Justin Malogan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Caroline A Cobine
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Kent C Sasse
- Nevada Surgical Associates, Reno, Nevada, United States
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13
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Pericytes in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216074. [PMID: 36682706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are a type of mural cell located between the endothelial cells of capillaries and the basement membrane, which function to regulate the capillary vasomotor and maintain normal microcirculation of local tissues and organs and have been identified as a significant component in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Pericytes have various interactions with different components of the TME, such as constituting the pre-metastatic niche, promoting the growth of cancer cells and drug resistance through paracrine activity, and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. While changes in the TME can affect the number, phenotype, and molecular markers of pericytes. For example, pericyte detachment from endothelial cells in the TME facilitates tumor cells in situ to invade the circulating blood and is beneficial to local capillary basement membrane enzymatic hydrolysis and endothelial cell proliferation and budding, which contribute to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of pericytes in the TME, and tumor treatment related to pericytes. This review aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the function of pericytes and the relationship between pericytes and tumors and to provide ideas for the treatment and prevention of malignant tumors.
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14
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Schumacher L, Slimani R, Zizmare L, Ehlers J, Kleine Borgmann F, Fitzgerald JC, Fallier-Becker P, Beckmann A, Grißmer A, Meier C, El-Ayoubi A, Devraj K, Mittelbronn M, Trautwein C, Naumann U. TGF-Beta Modulates the Integrity of the Blood Brain Barrier In Vitro, and Is Associated with Metabolic Alterations in Pericytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010214. [PMID: 36672722 PMCID: PMC9855966 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable boundary that separates the circulating blood from the extracellular fluid of the brain and is an essential component for brain homeostasis. In glioblastoma (GBM), the BBB of peritumoral vessels is often disrupted. Pericytes, being important to maintaining BBB integrity, can be functionally modified by GBM cells which induce proliferation and cell motility via the TGF-β-mediated induction of central epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors. We demonstrate that pericytes strengthen the integrity of the BBB in primary endothelial cell/pericyte co-cultures as an in vitro BBB model, using TEER measurement of the barrier integrity. In contrast, this effect was abrogated by TGF-β or conditioned medium from TGF-β secreting GBM cells, leading to the disruption of a so far intact and tight BBB. TGF-β notably changed the metabolic behavior of pericytes, by shutting down the TCA cycle, driving energy generation from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis, and by modulating pathways that are necessary for the biosynthesis of molecules used for proliferation and cell division. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses further underscored that the observed functional and metabolic changes of TGF-β-treated pericytes are closely connected with their role as important supporting cells during angiogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schumacher
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rédouane Slimani
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Ehlers
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kleine Borgmann
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Julia C. Fitzgerald
- Mitochondrial Biology of Parkinson’s Disease, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Grißmer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ali El-Ayoubi
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (U.N.)
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (U.N.)
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15
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Yassine HN, Self W, Kerman BE, Santoni G, Navalpur Shanmugam N, Abdullah L, Golden LR, Fonteh AN, Harrington MG, Gräff J, Gibson GE, Kalaria R, Luchsinger JA, Feldman HH, Swerdlow RH, Johnson LA, Albensi BC, Zlokovic BV, Tanzi R, Cunnane S, Samieri C, Scarmeas N, Bowman GL. Nutritional metabolism and cerebral bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:10.1002/alz.12845. [PMID: 36479795 PMCID: PMC10576546 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in the brain's capacity to meet its energy demand increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways combined with diagnostics to identify deficits in cerebral bioenergetics may therefore offer novel therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention and management. Many diet-derived natural bioactive components can govern cellular energy metabolism but their effects on brain aging are not clear. This review examines how nutritional metabolism can regulate brain bioenergetics and mitigate AD risk. We focus on leading mechanisms of cerebral bioenergetic breakdown in the aging brain at the cellular level, as well as the putative causes and consequences of disturbed bioenergetics, particularly at the blood-brain barrier with implications for nutrient brain delivery and nutritional interventions. Novel therapeutic nutrition approaches including diet patterns are provided, integrating studies of the gut microbiome, neuroimaging, and other biomarkers to guide future personalized nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern, California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wade Self
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bilal E Kerman
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern, California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giulia Santoni
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - NandaKumar Navalpur Shanmugam
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lesley R Golden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Michael G Harrington
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Raj Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jose A Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Howard H Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Nova Southeastern Univ. College of Pharmacy, Davie, Florida, USA
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gene L Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
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16
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Inhibition of the immunoproteasome modulates innate immunity to ameliorate muscle pathology of dysferlin-deficient BlAJ mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:975. [PMID: 36402750 PMCID: PMC9675822 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscle repair in dysferlinopathies is defective. Although macrophage (Mø)-rich infiltrates are prominent in damaged skeletal muscles of patients with dysferlinopathy, the contribution of the immune system to the disease pathology remains to be fully explored. Numbers of both pro-inflammatory M1 Mø and effector T cells are increased in muscle of dysferlin-deficient BlAJ mice. In addition, symptomatic BlAJ mice have increased muscle production of immunoproteasome. In vitro analyses using bone marrow-derived Mø of BlAJ mice show that immunoproteasome inhibition results in C3aR1 and C5aR1 downregulation and upregulation of M2-associated signaling. Administration of immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914 to BlAJ mice rescues muscle function by reducing muscle infiltrates and fibro-adipogenesis. These findings reveal an important role of immunoproteasome in the progression of muscular dystrophy in BlAJ mouse and suggest that inhibition of immunoproteasome may produce therapeutic benefit in dysferlinopathy.
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17
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Phenotypic, metabolic, and biogenesis properties of human stem cell-derived cerebellar spheroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12880. [PMID: 35896708 PMCID: PMC9329474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cerebellum consists of high density and complexity of neurons. Thus, it is challenging to differentiate cerebellar-like organoids with similar cellular markers and function to the human brain. Our previous study showed that the combination of retinoic acid (RA), Wingless/integrated (Wnt) activator, and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) activator promotes cerebellar differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This study examined phenotypic, metabolic, and biogenesis in early cerebellar development. Cerebellum spheroids were differentiated from human iPSK3 cells. During day 7–14, RA and Wnt activator CHIR99021 were used and SHH activator purmorphamine (PMR) was added later to promote ventralization. Gene expression for early cerebellar layer markers, metabolism, and extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis were characterized. Zinc-induced neurotoxicity was investigated as a proof-of-concept of neurotoxicity study. Flow cytometry results showed that there was no significant difference in NEPH3, PTF1A, OLIG2, and MATH1 protein expression between RCP (RA-CHIR-PMR) versus the control condition. However, the expression of cerebellar genes for the molecular layer (BHLE22), the granule cell layer (GABRB2, PAX6, TMEM266, KCNIP4), the Bergmann glial cells (QK1, DAO), and the Purkinje cell layer (ARHGEF33, KIT, MX1, MYH10, PPP1R17, SCGN) was significantly higher in the RCP condition than the control. The shift in metabolic pathways toward glycolysis was observed for RCP condition. The EV biogenesis marker expression was retained. Mild zinc-induced neurotoxicity may exist when zinc exposure exceeds 1.0 µM. RCP treatment can promote specific cerebellar-like differentiation from hiPSCs indicated by gene expression of early cerebellar markers and regionally enriched genes. The higher cerebellar marker expression is accompanied by the elevated glycolysis with the retained EV biogenesis. This study should advance the understanding of biomarkers during early cerebellar development for cerebellum organoid engineering and neurotoxicity study.
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18
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Central Nervous System Pericytes Contribute to Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101707. [PMID: 35626743 PMCID: PMC9139243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful neuroprotection is only possible with contemporary microvascular protection. The prevention of disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remains largely elusive. An improved understanding of pericyte (PC) signalling could provide important insight into the function of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and into the injury-provoked responses that modify cell–cell interactions and crosstalk. Due to sharing the same basement membrane with endothelial cells, PCs have a crucial role in the control of endothelial, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte precursor functions and hence blood–brain barrier stability. Both cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases impair oxygen delivery and functionally impair the NVU. In this review, the role of PCs in central nervous system health and disease is discussed, considering their origin, multipotency, functions and also dysfunction, focusing on new possible avenues to modulate neuroprotection. Dysfunctional PC signalling could also be considered as a potential biomarker of NVU pathology, allowing us to individualize therapeutic interventions, monitor responses, or predict outcomes.
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19
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Weng X, Li J, Guan Q, Zhao H, Wang Z, Gleave ME, Nguan CY, Du C. The functions of clusterin in renal mesenchymal stromal cells: Promotion of cell growth and regulation of macrophage activation. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:113081. [PMID: 35218723 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) increases resistance to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and promotes renal tissue repair. However, the mechanisms underlying of the renal protection of CLU remain unknown. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may contribute to kidney cell turnover and injury repair. This study investigated the in vitro functions of CLU in kidney mesenchymal stromal cells (KMSCs). KMSCs were grown in plastic culture plates. Cell surface markers, apoptosis and phagocytosis were determined by flow cytometry, and CLU protein by Western blot. There were no differences in the expression of MSC markers (positive: CD133, Sca-1, CD44, CD117 and NG2, and negative: CD34, CD45, CD163, CD41, CD276, CD138, CD79a, CD146 and CD140b) and in the trilineage differentiation to chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes between wild type (WT) and CLU knockout (KO) KMSCs. CLU was expressed intracellularly and secreted by WT KMSCs, and it was up-regulated by hypoxia. CLU did not prevent hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis but promoted cell growth in KMSC cultures. Furthermore, incubation with CLU-containing culture medium from WT KMSCs increased CD206 expression and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate the function of CLU in the promotion of KMSCs proliferation, and it may be required for KMSCs-regulated macrophage M2 polarization and phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthamology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qiunong Guan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haimei Zhao
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Yc Nguan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Vakhrushev IV, Nezhurina EK, Karalkin PA, Tsvetkova AV, Sergeeva NS, Majouga AG, Yarygin KN. Heterotypic Multicellular Spheroids as Experimental and Preclinical Models of Sprouting Angiogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:18. [PMID: 35053016 PMCID: PMC8772844 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is the common response of live tissues to physiological and pathological angiogenic stimuli. Its accurate evaluation is of utmost importance for basic research and practical medicine and pharmacology and requires adequate experimental models. A variety of assays for angiogenesis were developed, none of them perfect. In vitro approaches are generally less physiologically relevant due to the omission of essential components regulating the process. However, only in vitro models can be entirely non-xenogeneic. The limitations of the in vitro angiogenesis assays can be partially overcome using 3D models mimicking tissue O2 and nutrient gradients, the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enabling cell-cell interactions. Here we present a review of the existing models of sprouting angiogenesis that are based on the use of endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with perivascular or other stromal cells. This approach provides an excellent in vitro platform for further decoding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis under conditions close to the in vivo conditions, as well as for preclinical drug testing and preclinical research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Vakhrushev
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta K. Nezhurina
- P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, National Medical Research Radiological Center, 125284 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel A. Karalkin
- Institute for Cluster Oncology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nataliya S. Sergeeva
- Department of Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Products, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin N. Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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21
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Elorza Ridaura I, Sorrentino S, Moroni L. Parallels between the Developing Vascular and Neural Systems: Signaling Pathways and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101837. [PMID: 34693660 PMCID: PMC8655224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular disorders, which involve the vascular and nervous systems, are common. Research on such disorders usually focuses on either vascular or nervous components, without looking at how they interact. Adopting a neurovascular perspective is essential to improve current treatments. Therefore, comparing molecular processes known to be involved in both systems separately can provide insight into promising areas of future research. Since development and regeneration share many mechanisms, comparing signaling molecules involved in both the developing vascular and nervous systems and shedding light to those that they have in common can reveal processes, which have not yet been studied from a regenerative perspective, yet hold great potential. Hence, this review discusses and compares processes involved in the development of the vascular and nervous systems, in order to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, which are most promising with regards to treatment for neurovascular disorders. Vascular endothelial growth factor, semaphorins, and ephrins are found to hold the most potential, while fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic protein, slits, and sonic hedgehog are shown to participate in both the developing vascular and nervous systems, yet have not been studied at the neurovascular level, therefore being of special interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Elorza Ridaura
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
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22
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Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091092. [PMID: 34572278 PMCID: PMC8470044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) causes long-lasting changes in brain plasticity induced by the exposure to stress factors acting prenatally or in the early postnatal ontogenesis due to hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, development of neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and significant alterations in brain metabolism that lead to neurological deficits and higher susceptibility to development of brain disorders later in the life. As a key component of complex pathogenesis, ELS-mediated changes in brain metabolism associate with development of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of appropriate mitochondria quality control and mitochondrial dynamics, deregulation of metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms are particularly critical for maintaining the pool and development of brain cells within neurogenic and angiogenic niches. In this review, we focus on brain mitochondria and energy metabolism related to tightly coupled neurogenic and angiogenic events in healthy and ELS-affected brain, and new opportunities to develop efficient therapeutic strategies aimed to restore brain metabolism and reduce ELS-induced impairments of brain plasticity.
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23
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Falk S, Han D, Karow M. Cellular identity through the lens of direct lineage reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:97-103. [PMID: 34333231 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct lineage reprogramming challenges our traditional view on basic aspects of cellular identity, and in particular on processes crucial for identity acquisition. This is partly because in direct lineage reprogramming but not during natural differentiation processes changing cellular identity can occur in the absence of mitosis. Only recently, technologies emerged to deconstruct the cellular and molecular processes governing the transitory states a cell passes through on the journey from its original identity to the new target cell fate. Here we discuss arising concepts on the nature of these transitory states and the challenges and decisions cells must conquer to reach their new cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Falk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dandan Han
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marisa Karow
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Guebel DV, Torres NV, Acebes Á. Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment. Biol Open 2021; 10:264940. [PMID: 34184731 PMCID: PMC8181899 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analyzed: ‘Young Adults’, ‘Aged’, and ‘aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment’ (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an ‘activated stage’. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodeling by capillary arterialization. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: An integrative picture about the mechanisms operating in the hippocampal vasculature under normal and pathological scenarios is achieved by the computational dissection of microarray data corresponding to whole tissue samples and focusing on gene splice forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Guebel
- Program Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Néstor V Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
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25
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Jeske R, Albo J, Marzano M, Bejoy J, Li Y. Engineering Brain-Specific Pericytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:367-382. [PMID: 32571167 PMCID: PMC7462039 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a type of perivascular cells that surround endothelial cells of small blood vessels. In the brain, PCs show heterogeneity depending on their position within the vasculature. As a result, PC interactions with surrounding endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neuron cells play a key role in a wide array of neurovascular functions such as regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral blood flow, and helping to facilitate the clearance of toxic cellular molecules. Therefore, a reliable method of engineering brain-specific PCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is critical in neurodegenerative disease modeling. This review summarizes brain-specific PC differentiation of hiPSCs through mesoderm and neural crest induction. Key signaling pathways (platelet-derived growth factor-B [PDGF-B], transforming growth factor [TGF]-β, and Notch signaling) regulating PC function, PC interactions with adjacent cells, and PC differentiation from hiPSCs are also discussed. Specifically, PDGF-BB-platelet-derived growth factor receptor β signaling promotes PC cell survival, TGF-β signal transduction facilitates PC attachment to endothelial cells, and Notch signaling is critical in vascular development and arterial-venous specification. Furthermore, current challenges facing the use of hiPSC-derived PCs are discussed, and their ongoing uses in neurodegenerative disease modeling are identified. Further investigations into PCs and surrounding cell interactions are needed to characterize the roles of brain PCs in various neurodegenerative disorders. Impact statement This article summarizes the work related to brain-specific pericytes (PCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In particular, key signaling pathways regulating PC function, PC interactions with adjacent cells, and PC differentiation from hPSCs were discussed. Furthermore, current challenges facing the use of hPSC-derived PCs were identified, and their ongoing uses in neurodegenerative disease modeling were discussed. The review highlights the important role of cell-cell interactions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) models and neurodegeneration. The summarized findings are significant for establishing pluripotent stem cell-based BBB models toward the applications in drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Albo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Marzano
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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