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Yang J, Xiong Y, Barkema HW, Tong X, Lin Y, Deng Z, Kastelic JP, Nobrega DB, Wang Y, Han B, Gao J. Comparative genomic analyses of Klebsiella pneumoniae K57 capsule serotypes isolated from bovine mastitis in China. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3114-3126. [PMID: 37944808 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause severe clinical mastitis in dairy cows, with K. pneumoniae type K57 (K57-KP) being the most common capsular serotype. To identify virulence factors and antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) genes of K57-KP with varying virulence, Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae were infected as a screening model to characterize virulence of 90 K57-KP strains, with 10 and 11 strains defined as virulent or attenuated, respectively, based on larval survival rates. Next, virulence of these 21 isolates was subsequently confirmed in adhesion and lactate dehydrogenase release assays, using bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Finally, genes associated with virulence and AMR were characterize with whole-genome sequencing. These 21 K57-KP strains were designated into 16 sequence types based on multi-locus sequence typing and allocated in phylogenetic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found great genetic diversity among isolates. In addition, adhesion-associated genes (e.g., fimA, sfaA, and focA) aminoglycoside-resistance genes (aph(6)-Id, strAB) were associated with virulence. This study provided new knowledge regarding virulence of K57-KP associated with bovine mastitis, which may inform development of novel diagnostic tools and prevention strategies for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yindi Xiong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiaofang Tong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yushan Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoju Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Diego B Nobrega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yan P, Jia YC, Zhang XL, Zhou YY, Guo Y, Yin RL, Yuan J, Wang LX, Guo ZB, Wang JY, Wang X, Yin RH. Virulence assessment of four Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated in Liaoning province of China. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:226-234. [PMID: 37031471 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is a part of the normal upper respiratory microbiota of healthy swine. In many studies, the serovars 1, 4, 5, and 12 of G. parasuis are considered to be highly virulent and its serovars 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 are considered to be non-virulent. Until now, researchers have found that non-virulent strains of G. parasuis cause an increasing number of diseases. However, little is known concerning why non-virulent strains cause disease with the virulence changes. In present study, four G. parasuis strains were evaluated for their cytotoxicity property, which aims to compare their virulence. The results showed that highly virulent strains XX0306 and CY1201, as well as, non-virulent strains HLD0115 and YK1603 caused a series of pathological changes, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and decreased cell activity. In addition, compared to the control group, both highly and non-virulent strains showed similar trends, demonstrating that the method of classifying the virulence of G. parasuis based on its serovar is worth further deliberation. Hence, we investigated the adhesion capacity and invasion rate of G. parasuis, the results indicated that XX0306 and HLD0115 had the strongest adhesion and invasion ability, which contradicts the classification of the virulence of G. parasuis based on its serovar. The apoptosis degree induced by highly virulent strains was more intensive than non-virulent strains, as measured by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Through testing the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax, we found highly virulent strains induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2.
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Qi P, Wang N, Zhang T, Feng Y, Zhou X, Zeng D, Meng J, Liu L, Jin L, Yang S. Anti-Virulence Strategy of Novel Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2897. [PMID: 36769220 PMCID: PMC9917773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-virulence strategies are attractive and interesting strategies for controlling bacterial diseases because virulence factors are fundamental to the infection process of numerous serious phytopathogenics. To extend the novel anti-virulence agents, a series of dehydroabietic acid (DAA) derivatives decorated with amino alcohol unit were semi-synthesized based on structural modification of the renewable natural DAA and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Compound 2b showed the most promising antibacterial activity against Xoo with an EC50 of 2.7 μg mL-1. Furthermore, compound 2b demonstrated remarkable control effectiveness against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, with values of 48.6% and 61.4% for curative and protective activities. In addition, antibacterial behavior suggested that compound 2b could suppress various virulence factors, including EPS, biofilm, swimming motility, and flagella. Therefore, the current study provided promising lead compounds for novel bactericides discovery by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Tao Y, Ge Y, Yang J, Song W, Jin D, Lin H, Zheng H, Lu S, Luo W, Huang Y, Zhuang Z, Xu J. A novel phytopathogen Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov., isolated from the feces of ruddy shelducks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1109634. [PMID: 36875519 PMCID: PMC9978198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The species in the genus Erwinia are Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. Most species in the genus Erwinia are phytopathogens. Also, Erwinia persicina was involved in several human infections. Based on the reverse microbial etiology principles, it is worth analyzing the pathogenicity of species in this genus. In this study, we isolated and sequenced two species of Erwinia. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses were performed to identify its taxonomy position. The virulence tests on plant leaves and pear fruits were used to identify the plant pathogenicity of two species of Erwinia. Bioinformatic methods predicted the possible pathogenic determinants based on the genome sequence. Meanwhile, adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity assays on RAW 264.7 cells were applied to identify animal pathogenicity. We isolated two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped strains from the feces of ruddy shelducks in the Tibet Plateau of China, designated J780T and J316. Distinct phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characters of J780T and J316 identified they were novel species and belonged to the genus Erwinia, for which the name Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. was proposed, the type strain was J780T (= CGMCC 1.17334T = GDMCC 1.1666T = JCM 33839T). Virulence tests showed blight and rot on the leaves and pear fruits confirmed Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. was a phytopathogen. Predicted gene clusters of motility, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides, stress survival, siderophores, and Type VI secretion system might be the causes of pathogenicity. In addition, predicted polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters on the genome sequence, and the high capacity for adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity to animal cells confirmed it has pathogenicity on animals. In conclusion, we isolated and identified a novel phytopathogen Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. in ruddy shelducks. A predefined pathogen is beneficial for preventing from suffering potential economic losses caused by this new pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeihui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Song
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenhong Zhuang, ; Jianguo Xu,
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenhong Zhuang, ; Jianguo Xu,
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Kan X, Hu G, Liu Y, Xu P, Huang Y, Cai X, Guo W, Fu S, Liu J. Mammary Fibrosis Tendency and Mitochondrial Adaptability in Dairy Cows with Mastitis. Metabolites 2022; 12:1035. [PMID: 36355118 PMCID: PMC9692329 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cow mammary gland fibrosis causes huge economic losses to livestock production, however, research on dairy cow mammary gland fibrosis is in its infancy and it lacks effective treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to explore the correlation between mastitis and fibrosis and mitochondrial damage, and to further explore its pathogenesis. In vivo, mammary tissue and milk samples were collected from healthy cows (n = 10) and mastitis cows (n = 10). The results of the study showed that compared with the control group, the mastitis tissue showed tissue damage, accumulation of collagen fibers, and the content of TGF-β1 in mammary tissue and milk was significantly increased; the level of inflammatory mediators was significantly increased; the fibrotic phenotype, collagen 1, α-SMA, vimentin gene, and protein levels were significantly increased, while the E-cadherin gene and protein levels were significantly decreased. In vitro, based on TGF-β1-induced bMECs, the above experimental results were further confirmed, and TGF-β1 significantly promoted the fibrotic phenotype of bMECs. On the other hand, in vivo results showed that fibrotic mammary tissue had a significantly stronger mitochondrial damage phenotype and significantly higher ROS than the control group. In vitro, the results also found that TGF-β1 induced a significant increase in the mitochondrial damage phenotype of bMECs, accompanied by a large amount of ROS production. Furthermore, in a TGF-β1-induced bMEC model, inhibiting the accumulation of ROS effectively alleviated the elevated fibrotic phenotype of TGF-β1-induced bMECs. In conclusion, the fibrotic phenotype of mammary gland tissue in dairy cows with mastitis was significantly increased, and mastitis disease was positively correlated with mammary fibrotic lesions. In an in vitro and in vivo model of cow mammary fibrosis, bMECs have impaired mitochondrial structure and dysfunction. Inhibiting the accumulation of ROS effectively alleviates the elevated fibrotic phenotype, which may be a potential therapeutic approach to alleviate mammary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
- Zhijiang Laboratory, Kechuang Avenue, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiangyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
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Hoque MN, Rahman MS, Islam T, Sultana M, Crandall KA, Hossain MA. Induction of mastitis by cow-to-mouse fecal and milk microbiota transplantation causes microbiome dysbiosis and genomic functional perturbation in mice. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:43. [PMID: 35794639 PMCID: PMC9258091 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis pathogenesis involves a wide range of opportunistic and apparently resident microorganims including bacteria, viruses and archaea. In dairy animals, microbes reside in the host, interact with environment and evade the host immune system, providing a potential for host-tropism to favor mastitis pathogenesis. To understand the host-tropism phenomena of bovine-tropic mastitis microbiomes, we developed a cow-to-mouse mastitis model. METHODS A cow-to-mouse mastitis model was established by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and milk microbiota transplantation (MMT) to pregnant mice to assess microbiome dysbiosis and genomic functional perturbations through shotgun whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) along with histopathological changes in mice mammary gland and colon tissues. RESULTS The cow-to-mouse FMT and MMT from clinical mastitis (CM) cows induced mastitis syndromes in mice as evidenced by histopathological changes in mammary gland and colon tissues. The WMS of 24 samples including six milk (CM = 3, healthy; H = 3), six fecal (CM = 4, H = 2) samples from cows, and six fecal (CM = 4, H = 2) and six mammary tissue (CM = 3, H = 3) samples from mice generating 517.14 million reads (average: 21.55 million reads/sample) mapped to 2191 bacterial, 94 viral and 54 archaeal genomes. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences (p = 0.009) in diversity, composition, and relative abundances in microbiomes between CM- and H-metagenomes. These differences in microbiome composition were mostly represented by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus crispatus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterococcus faecalis, Pantoea dispersa in CM-cows (feces and milk), and Muribaculum spp., Duncaniella spp., Muribaculum intestinale, Bifidobacterium animalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Massilia oculi, Ralstonia pickettii in CM-mice (feces and mammary tissues). Different species of Clostridia, Bacteroida, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Betaproteobacteria had a strong co-occurrence and positive correlation as the indicator species of murine mastitis. However, both CM cows and mice shared few mastitis-associated microbial taxa (1.14%) and functional pathways regardless of conservation of mastitis syndromes, indicating the higher discrepancy in mastitis-associated microbiomes among lactating mammals. CONCLUSIONS We successfully induced mastitis by FMT and MMT that resulted in microbiome dysbiosis and genomic functional perturbations in mice. This study induced mastitis in a mouse model through FMT and MMT, which might be useful for further studies- focused on pathogen(s) involved in mastitis, their cross-talk among themselves and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), BSMRAU, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
- Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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Liu X, Qiu X, Xu S, Che Y, Han L, Kang Y, Yue Y, Chen S, Li F, Li Z. A CRISPR-Cas12a-Assisted Fluorescence Platform for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835213. [PMID: 35310854 PMCID: PMC8924655 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica has gradually become a common pathogen in clinical microbial infections. Identification of Nocardia at the species level is essential to assess the susceptibility and pathogenicity of antimicrobials. However, there is no suitable method for rapid and accurate laboratory detection of N. cyriacigeorgica. In this study, we combined PCR amplification with the CRISPR-Cas12a system to establish a novel detection platform, named CRISPR-PCR, and applied it to the detection of N. cyriacigeorgica in clinical samples. The Cas12a protein exhibited collateral cleavage activity following CRISPR RNA binding to specific targets, then indiscriminately cleaved nearby single-stranded DNA, and this was evaluated for diagnostic nucleic acid detection by measuring the fluorescence signal using a fluorescence reader. The assay takes only 2 h, including DNA extraction for 20 min, nucleic acid pre-amplification for 70 min, and fluorescence detection for 20 min. The limit of detection for N. cyriacigeorgica was 10-3 ng and the specificity was 100%. Thus, the N. cyriacigeorgica CRISPR-PCR assay is a rapid and specific method for detecting N. cyriacigeorgica, and the CRISPR-PCR fluorescence detection platform has great potential for detection of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Che
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lichao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shenglin Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenjun Li,
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An R, Gao M, Meng Y, Tong X, Chen J, Wang J. Infective mastitis due to bovine-associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae contributes to clinical persistent presentation in a murine mastitis model. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1600-1610. [PMID: 33932957 PMCID: PMC8464300 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (GCS) is a major pathology of dairy cows. The mechanisms by which GCS intramammary infection is established and maintained involve not only bacterial adherence and invasion but also modulation of the cytokines and TLR immune response. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate characteristics of persistent infection of GCS collected from bovine mastitis milk in a murine mastitis model whose mammary structure is similar to that of dairy cows; dairy cow mastitis can be well simulated by using mice as models. HLJ2019 was tested for its ability to persistently infected mice by intramammary inoculation. Methods As antibiotics tested, establish an intramammary infection model in murine, histopathology analyses, relative expression of inflammatory cytokines mRNA and adherence and invasion in mMECs. Results It induced a robust inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland, characterized by histopathological changes, increased myeloperoxidase activity and induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL‐1α and IL‐1β) and TLR2/4, the exhibited strong LDH release, adhesion and invasive abilities in contact with mMECs. Conclusion These results contribute to increase the available information on host‐pathogen interaction and point out the need for further research to expand the knowledge about these interactions for developing new strategies to intervene in the intramammary persistent infection progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Meng
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Guo Z, Gao S, Ouyang J, Ma L, Bu D. Impacts of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on the Milk Protein Biosynthesis of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:726. [PMID: 33800015 PMCID: PMC8001837 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important factors posing harm to the economic wellbeing of dairy industries, as it reduces milk yield as well as milk protein content. Recent studies suggest that HS participates in the induction of tissue oxidative stress (OS), as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in dairy cows exposed to hot conditions. The OS induced by HS likely contributes to the reduction in milk protein content, since insulin resistance and apoptosis are promoted by OS and are negatively associated with the synthesis of milk proteins. The apoptosis in the mammary gland directly decreases the amount of mammary epithelial cells, while the insulin resistance affects the regulation of insulin on mTOR pathways. To alleviate OS damages, strategies including antioxidants supplementation have been adopted, but caution needs to be applied as an inappropriate supplement with antioxidants can be harmful. Furthermore, the complete mechanisms by which HS induces OS and OS influences milk protein synthesis are still unclear and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Jialiang Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (S.G.)
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China
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Cheng J, Zhang J, Yang J, Yi B, Liu G, Zhou M, Kastelic JP, Han B, Gao J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection causes mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Res 2021; 52:17. [PMID: 33568211 PMCID: PMC7876824 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important cause of bovine mastitis worldwide, is strongly pathogenic to bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Our objective was to determine the role of mitochondrial damage in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae on bMECs, by assessing several classical indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Two K. pneumoniae strains (HLJ-D2 and HB-AF5), isolated from cows with clinical mastitis (CM), were used to infect bMECs (MAC-T line) cultured in vitro. In whole-transcriptome analysis of bMECs at 6 h post-infection (hpi), there were 3453 up-regulated and 3470 down-regulated genes for HLJ-D2, whereas for HB-AF5, there were 2891 up-regulated and 3278 down-regulated genes (P < 0.05). Based on GO term enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), relative to the controls, the primary categories altered in K. pneumoniae-infected bMECs included cellular macromolecule metabolism, metabolic process, binding, molecular function, etc. Infections increased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentrations and formation of reactive oxygen species in bMECs. Additionally, both bacterial strains decreased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity in bMECs at 6 and 12 hpi. Furthermore, infections decreased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential and increased (P < 0.01) mitochondrial calcium concentrations. Finally, severe mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation, as well as mitochondrial rupture and cristae degeneration, were detected in infected bMECs. In conclusion, K. pneumoniae infections induced profound mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in bMECs; we inferred that this caused cellular damage and contributes to the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae-induced CM in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jv Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Yi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Shi Y, Zhao W, Liu G, Ali T, Chen P, Liu Y, Kastelic JP, Han B, Gao J. Bacteriophages isolated from dairy farm mitigated Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:37. [PMID: 33468111 PMCID: PMC7814619 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae, an environmental pathogen causing mastitis in dairy cattle, is often resistant to antibiotics. K. pneumoniae was used as the host bacteria to support bacteriophage replication; 2 bacteriophages, CM8-1 and SJT-2 were isolated and considered to have therapeutic potential. In the present study, we determined the ability of these 2 bacteriophages to mitigate cytotoxicity, pathomorphological changes, inflammatory responses and apoptosis induced by K. pneumoniae (bacteriophage to K. pneumoniae MOI 1:10) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) cultured in vitro. Results Bacteriophages reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion and cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release). Morphological changes in bMECs, including swelling, shrinkage, necrosis and hematoxylin and eosin staining of cytoplasm, were apparent 4 to 8 h after infection with K. pneumoniae, but each bacteriophage significantly suppressed damage and decreased TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations. K. pneumoniae enhanced mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cyt-c in bMECs and increased apoptosis of bMECs, although these effects were mitigated by treatment with either bacteriophage for 8 h. Conclusions Bacteriophages CM8-1 and SJT-2 mitigated K. pneumoniae-induced inflammation in bMECs cultured in vitro. Therefore, the potential of these bacteriophages for treating mastitis in cows should be determined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, Handan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tariq Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.,Center of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Veterinary Research Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taìan, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
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12
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Chen P, Qiu Y, Liu G, Li X, Cheng J, Liu K, Qu W, Zhu C, Kastelic JP, Han B, Gao J. Characterization of Streptococcus lutetiensis isolated from clinical mastitis of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:702-714. [PMID: 33162075 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus lutetiensis, previously termed Streptococcus bovis type II/1, has rarely been associated with bovine mastitis. The objectives of this work were to characterize the molecular diversity, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence genes of Strep. lutetiensis (n = 37) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis, as well as its pathogenic effects in a murine mastitis model. Genetic relationships of isolates were determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, virulence genes were detected by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by broth microdilution technique. The pathogenic effects of Strep. lutetiensis were studied with 2 infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infection in vivo. Streptococcus lutetiensis isolates were clustered into 5 RAPD-types (A-E), with a dominant type A representing 84% of isolates. Eighteen (49%), 16 (43%), and 9 (24%) isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, tetracycline, and erythromycin, respectively. Prevalence of multidrug resistance (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials) was 24% (9/37). The most prevalent virulence genes were bca (100%), speG (100%), hly (97%), scpB (95%), and ssa (95%). There was no difference between isolates from mild and moderate cases of bovine mastitis in prevalence of virulence genes. Streptococcus lutetiensis rapidly adhered to and subsequently invaded (1 and 3 h after infection, respectively) bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase release (4 h after infection). Edema and hyperemia were observed in challenged mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, and 48 h after infection. In addition, numerous neutrophils migrated into gland alveoli and interstitium of infected mammary tissue. We concluded that Strep. lutetiensis had potential to spread within a dairy herd and good adaptive ability in bovine mammary cells or tissue, which are generally characteristics of a contagious mastitis pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Weijie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Agri-Products Quality and Safety Testing Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 201708, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Zhuang C, Huo W, Liu G, Shahid M, Gao J, Barkema HW, Rahman SU, Kastelic JP, Han B. In vitro immune responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli, with multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase, isolated from mastitic milk. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104494. [PMID: 32926997 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory condition of mammary glands causing huge economic losses for dairy industries. Infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing sequence types (ST) 410-Escherichia coli (ESBL-ST410 E. coli) is considered a leading cause of bovine mastitis in China. However, pathogenic effects of these strains in an in vitro model, e.g. bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs), are unknown. Therefore, our objectives were to explore pathogenesis (adhesion and invasion, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis) of ESBL-E. coli (highly prevalent in bovine mastitis) in bMECs. Non-pathogenic E. coli DH5α and a prototypical E. coli P4 were included as negative and positive controls, respectively. The bMECs were infected with our isolated ST410 strains, plus DH5α and P4, with assessment of the following end points: adhesive and invasive capabilities; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities; inflammatory responses, including concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α; oxidative stress including intracellular reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde concentrations, activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; and apoptosis. All ST410 strains had greater adhesive and invasive capabilities and increased LDH release, with varying degrees of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis compared to blank and DH5α groups, similar to P4-infected bMECs. In particular, ST410(4) was more likely than the other 3 isolates to adhere to and invade bMECs and increase LDH activities, cytokine release, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, ST410 isolates had pathogenic manifestations of adhesive and invasive capabilities; furthermore, they induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in bMECs. Finally, ST410(4) was the most pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wenlin Huo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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14
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Wu Y, Ma J, Sun Y, Tang M, Kong L. Effect and mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the apoptosis of GC-1 cells induced by nickel nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126913. [PMID: 32402875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) have a wide range of application prospects, but there is still a lack of their safety evaluation for the reproductive system. Nowadays, male reproductive health has been widely concerned because of the increasing incidence of male infertility. Studies have shown that Ni NPs can cause male reproductive toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Ni NPs on GC-1 cells, a mouse spermatogonia cell line, and to explore the possible mechanism underlying the induction of apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The cell ultrastructure was firstly observed under a transmission electron microscope. Then, cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of related proteins and genes were determined by Western blot and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results showed that Ni NPs could not only cause changes in cell ultrastructure, decreased survival rate and arrested G1 phase cell cycle, but also activated apoptosis pathway by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results of this study provide novel insights to explore the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of Ni NPs and are of great significance to develop safety evaluation criteria for Ni NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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15
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Nfa34810 Facilitates Nocardia farcinica Invasion of Host Cells and Stimulates Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion through Activation of the NF-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways via Toll-Like Receptor 4. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00831-19. [PMID: 31964749 PMCID: PMC7093121 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00831-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of Nocardia is not fully known. The Nfa34810 protein of Nocardia farcinica has been predicted to be a virulence factor. However, relatively little is known regarding the interaction of Nfa34810 with host cells, specifically invasion and innate immune activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of recombinant Nfa34810 during infection. We demonstrated that Nfa34810 is an immunodominant protein located in the cell wall. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of Nocardia is not fully known. The Nfa34810 protein of Nocardia farcinica has been predicted to be a virulence factor. However, relatively little is known regarding the interaction of Nfa34810 with host cells, specifically invasion and innate immune activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of recombinant Nfa34810 during infection. We demonstrated that Nfa34810 is an immunodominant protein located in the cell wall. Nfa34810 protein was able to facilitate the uptake and internalization of latex beads coated with Nfa34810 protein into HeLa cells. Furthermore, the deletion of the nfa34810 gene in N. farcinica attenuated the ability of the bacteria to infect both HeLa and A549 cells. Moreover, stimulation with Nfa34810 triggered macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and it also activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK, p65, and AKT in macrophages. Specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, which demonstrated that Nfa34810-mediated TNF-α production was dependent upon the activation of these kinases. We further found that neutralizing antibodies against Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) significantly inhibited TNF-α secretion. Taken together, our results indicated that Nfa34810 is a virulence factor of N. farcinica and plays an important role during infection. Nfa34810-induced production of TNF-α in macrophages also involves ERK, JNK, and NF-κB via the TLR4 pathway.
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16
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Han L, Ji X, Xu S, Fan S, Wang C, Wei K, Wang X, Song H, Zheng N, Sun L, Qiu X, Hou X, Li Z. Microbiological profile of distinct virulence of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica strains in vivo and in vitro. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104042. [PMID: 32045646 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are significant differences between different Nocardia species regarding geographical distribution, biochemical features, phenotypic characterization, and drug sensitivity. In this study, we explored the differences in virulence and pathogenic mechanisms of two Nocardia cyriacigeorgica strains. We examined the difference in virulence between N. cyriacigeorgica ATCC14759 and N. cyriacigeorgica GUH-2 by measuring cytotoxicity, animal survival after infection, the ability of host cell invasion, and viability in host cells. Western blotting was used to compare the differences in activation of MAPKs, including p38, ERK, and JNK, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in A549 and RAW264.7 cells. We measured the difference in stimulatory effects on production of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α by ELISA. We found that N. cyriacigeorgica ATCC14759 causes higher cytotoxicity in cultured cells and higher lethality in mice, and exhibits superior invasion ability and viability in host cells compared with N. cyriacigeorgica GUH-2. Moreover, these two strains show marked differences in activation of the expression of cytokines and signaling pathways. N. cyriacigeorgica ATCC14759 is more virulent than N. cyriacigeorgica GUH-2. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in pathogenesis between the two strains. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Nocardia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Han
- Department of Medical, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xingzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Fan
- Department of Medical, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | | | - Kongjiao Wei
- Department of Medical, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Han Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ningwei Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Medical, Tibet University, Lhasa, China; State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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17
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Cheng J, Zhang J, Han B, Barkema HW, Cobo ER, Kastelic JP, Zhou M, Shi Y, Wang J, Yang R, Gao J. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bovine mastitis is cytopathogenic for bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3493-3504. [PMID: 32037181 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common cause of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, can cause severe clinical symptoms. However, its pathogenicity in the bovine mammary gland is not well understood. Our objectives were to establish an in vitro infection model of K. pneumoniae on bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) to assess (1) cytopathogenicity (adhesive and invasive ability, damage and apoptosis, pro-inflammatory effects) of K. pneumoniae on bMEC and (2) the role of hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype on cytopathogenicity. Two K. pneumoniae isolates from CM cows, 1 HMV and 1 non-HMV, were used to infect bMEC. Adhesion and invasion ability, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ultrastructural morphology, apoptosis, transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory genes and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were characterized at various intervals. Both K. pneumoniae isolates rapidly adhered to and invaded bMEC within 1 h post infection (pi), causing ultrastructural damage (swelling of mitochondria and vesicle formation on cell surface) after 3 h pi and apoptotic death after 9 h pi. In addition, K. pneumoniae promoted transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and production of IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α cytokines. Compared with non-HMV K. pneumoniae, the HMV isolate had lower adhesive and invasive abilities but caused more serious cellular damage. In conclusion, K. pneumoniae was cytopathogenic on bMEC and induced a pro-inflammatory response; however, the HMV phenotype did not have a key role in pathogenicity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to milk loss, and targeted prevention and treatment strategies should be implemented in Klebsiella mastitis episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jv Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
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18
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Prototheca zopfii genotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:698. [PMID: 31959834 PMCID: PMC6971270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototheca zopfii is an alga increasingly isolated from bovine mastitis. Of the two genotypes of P. zopfii (genotype I and II (GT-I and -II)), P. zopfii GT-II is the genotype associated with acute mastitis and decreased milk production, although its pathogenesis is not well known. The objective was to determine inflammatory and apoptotic roles of P. zopfii GT-II in cultured mammary epithelial cells (from cattle and mice) and murine macrophages and using a murine model of mastitis. Prototheca zopfii GT-II (but not GT-I) invaded bovine and murine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and induced apoptosis, as determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. This P. zopfii GT-II driven apoptosis corresponded to mitochondrial pathways; mitochondrial transmembrane resistance (ΔΨm) was altered and modulation of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis regulating genes changed (increased transcriptional Bax, cytochrome-c and Apaf-1 and downregulated Bcl-2), whereas caspase-9 and -3 expression increased. Apoptotic effects by P. zopfii GT-II were more pronounced in macrophages compared to MECs. In a murine mammary infection model, P. zopfii GT-II replicated in the mammary gland and caused severe inflammation with infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β and Cxcl-1) and also apoptosis of epithelial cells. Thus, we concluded P. zopfii GT-II is a mastitis-causing pathogen that triggers severe inflammation and also mitochondrial apoptosis.
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19
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Wei Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Liu X, Han Z, Fu Y, Yang Z. Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 31156617 PMCID: PMC6533846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a common infectious disease which causes huge economic losses in dairy cattle. Bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) damage usually directly causes the decrease of milk production, which is one of the most important causes of economic loss. NETs, novel effector mechanisms, are reported to exacerbate the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. NETs formation has also been observed in the milk and mammary glands of sheep. However, the effects and detailed mechanisms of NETs on BMEC damage remain unclear. Thus, we aim to examine the effects of NETs on BMECs in vitro, and further to investigate the detail mechanism. In this study, the cytotoxicity of NETs on BMECs was determined using lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture supernatants. Histone-induced BMEC damage was examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The activities of caspase 1, caspase 3, caspase 11, and NLRP3 was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that NETs and their component histone significantly increased cytotoxicity to BMECs, suggesting the critical role of NETs, and their component histone in BMEC damage. In addition, histone could also induce necrosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis of BMECs, and the mechanisms by which histone leads to BMEC damage occurred via activating caspase 1, caspase 3, and NLRP3. Altogether, NETs formation regulates inflammation and BMEC damage in mastitis. Inhibiting excess NETs formation may be useful to ameliorate mammary gland damage associated with mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Adherent/invasive capacities of bovine-associated Aerococcus viridans contribute to pathogenesis of acute mastitis in a murine model. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Antitumor activity of Lobaplatin against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through caspase-dependent apoptosis and increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:447-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Shahid M, Wang J, Gu X, Chen W, Ali T, Gao J, Han D, Yang R, Fanning S, Han B. Prototheca zopfii Induced Ultrastructural Features Associated with Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:299. [PMID: 28752077 PMCID: PMC5508007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototheca zopfii infections are becoming global concerns in humans and animals. Bovine protothecal mastitis is characterized by deteriorating milk quality and quantity, thus imparting huge economic losses to dairy industry. Previous published studies mostly focused on the prevalence and characterization of P. zopfii from mastitis. However, the ultrastructural pathomorphological changes associated with apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are not studied yet. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the in vitro comparative apoptotic potential of P. zopfii genotype-I and -II on bMECs using flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed fast growth rate and higher adhesion capability of genotype-II in bMECs as compared with genotype-I. The viability of bMECs infected with P. zopfii genotype-II was significantly decreased after 12 h (p < 0.05) and 24 h (p < 0.01) in comparison with control cells. Contrary, genotype-I couldn't show any significant effects on cell viability. Moreover, after infection of bMECs with genotype-II, the apoptosis increased significantly at 12 h (p < 0.05) and 24 h (p < 0.01) as compared with control group. Genotype-I couldn't display any significant effects on cell apoptosis. The host specificity of P. zopfii was also tested in mouse osteoblast cells, and the results suggest that genotype-I and -II could not cause any significant apoptosis in these cell lines. SEM interpreted the pathomorphological alterations in bMECs after infection. Adhesion of P. zopfii with cells and further disruption of cytomembrane validated the apoptosis caused by genotype-II under SEM. While genotype-1 couldn't cause any significant apoptosis in bMECs. Furthermore, genotype-II induced apoptotic manifested specific ultrastructure features, like cytoplasmic cavitation, swollen mitochondria, pyknosis, cytomembrane disruption, and appearance of apoptotic bodies under TEM. The findings of the current study revealed that genotype-II has the capability to invade and survive within the bMECs, thus imparting significant damages to the mammary cells which result in apoptosis. This study represents the first insights into the pathomorphological and ultrastructure features of apoptosis in bMECs induced by P. zopfii genotype-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tariq Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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