1
|
Shi Y, Lai D, Liu D, Du L, Li Y, Fu X, Deng P, Tang L, He S, Liu X, Li Y, Liu Q. Morphological and molecular characteristics of a Trypanosoma sp. from triatomines (Triatoma rubrofasciata) in China. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:214. [PMID: 38730303 PMCID: PMC11088070 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatomines (kissing bugs) are natural vectors of trypanosomes, which are single-celled parasitic protozoans, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, T. conorhini and T. rangeli. The understanding of the transmission cycle of T. conorhini and Triatoma rubrofasciata in China is not fully known. METHODS The parasites in the faeces and intestinal contents of the Tr. rubrofasciata were collected, and morphology indices were measured under a microscope to determine the species. DNA was extracted from the samples, and fragments of 18S rRNA, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) were amplified and sequenced. The obtained sequences were then identified using the BLAST search engine, followed by several phylogenetic analyses. Finally, laboratory infections were conducted to test whether Tr. rubrofasciata transmit the parasite to rats (or mice) through bites. Moreover, 135 Tr. rubrofasciata samples were collected from the Guangxi region and were used in assays to investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infection. RESULTS Trypanosoma sp. were found in the faeces and intestinal contents of Tr. rubrofasciata, which were collected in the Guangxi region of southern China and mostly exhibited characteristics typical of epimastigotes, such as the presence of a nucleus, a free flagellum and a kinetoplast. The body length ranged from 6.3 to 33.9 µm, the flagellum length ranged from 8.7 to 29.8 µm, the nucleus index was 0.6 and the kinetoplast length was -4.6. BLAST analysis revealed that the 18S rRNA, HSP70 and gGAPDH sequences of Trypanosoma sp. exhibited the highest degree of similarity with those of T. conorhini (99.7%, 99.0% and 99.0%, respectively) and formed a well-supported clade close to T. conorhini and T. vespertilionis but were distinct from those of T. rangeli and T. cruzi. Laboratory experiments revealed that both rats and mice developed low parasitaemia after inoculation with Trypanosoma sp. and laboratory-fed Tr. rubrofasciata became infected after feeding on trypanosome-positive rats and mice. However, the infected Tr. rubrofasciata did not transmit Trypanosoma sp. to their offspring. Moreover, our investigation revealed a high prevalence of Trypanosoma sp. infection in Tr. rubrofasciata, with up to 36.3% of specimens tested in the field being infected. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to provide a solid record of T. conorhini from Tr. rubrofasciata in China with morphological and molecular evidence. This Chinese T. conorhini is unlikely to have spread through transovarial transmission in Tr. rubrofasciata, but instead, it is more likely that the parasite is transmitted between Tr. rubrofasciata and mice (or rats). However, there was a high prevalence of T. conorhini in the Tr. rubrofasciata from our collection sites and numerous human cases of Tr. rubrofasciata bites were recorded. Moreover, whether these T. conorhini strains are pathogenic to humans has not been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Shi
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - DeHua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Fu
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peichao Deng
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tang
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan He
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Liu
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Parasitology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferreira AZL, de Araújo CN, Cardoso ICC, de Souza Mangabeira KS, Rocha AP, Charneau S, Santana JM, Motta FN, Bastos IMD. Metacyclogenesis as the Starting Point of Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:117. [PMID: 38203289 PMCID: PMC10778605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected infectious disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by triatomine vectors, and it threatens approximately seventy-five million people worldwide. This parasite undergoes a complex life cycle, transitioning between hosts and shifting from extracellular to intracellular stages. To ensure its survival in these diverse environments, T. cruzi undergoes extreme morphological and molecular changes. The metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) form, which arises from the metacyclogenesis (MTG) process in the triatomine hindgut, serves as a crucial link between the insect and human hosts and can be considered the starting point of Chagas disease. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the parasite's life cycle, molecular pathways, and mechanisms involved in metabolic and morphological adaptations during MTG, enabling the MT to evade the immune system and successfully infect human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Cunha Costa Cardoso
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Pereira Rocha
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang B, Nurland RA, Guan Y, Zhou S, Lu M, Nuli R, Gao F, Wang X, Li K. Detection of Bartonella in kissing bugs Triatoma rubrofasciata collected from Huizhou City, South China. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 54:101170. [PMID: 37692291 PMCID: PMC10483044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The blood-feeding behavior of kissing bugs (subfamily Triatominae, family Reduviidae, order Hemiptera) means they are potential vectors of multiple humans pathogens. However, investigations of vector-borne pathogens harbored by kissing bugs are rare. Methods In the current study, 22 adult kissing bugs (Triatoma rubrofasciata) were captured in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, south China. The presence of vector-borne pathogens in the kissing bugs was tested, and the genetic diversity of these potential pathogens was investigated. Results All the kissing bugs were negative for Anaplasmataceae bacteria, Rickettsia, and Coxiella. Bartonella DNA was detected in 36.4% (8/22) of the kissing bugs. The sequences of the Bartonella gltA genes divided into two clades in a phylogenetic tree, with close relationships to B. tribocorum and uncultured Bartonella sp. clone MYR-283, respectively. All the groEL sequences were closely related to those of B. kosoyi (identity 98.75%-100%). The ftsZ and rpoB sequences were most closely related to those of B. elizabethae, a recognized human pathogen, with nucleotide similarities of 98.70%-100% and 99.45%-100%, respectively. Conclusions We report the detection of Bartonella DNA in Triatoma kissing bugs in southern China. Although the sample size is limited, the high positive rate of detection of Bartonella DNA, the close relationship of the gene sequences to those of zoonotic Bartonella species, and the distribution of the kissing bugs near human residences, hint at a risk to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi City, China
| | - Rewuzi Aguli Nurland
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi City, China
| | - Yaqun Guan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi City, China
| | | | - Miao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206, Changping District, Beijing City, China
| | - Rebiya Nuli
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi City, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi City, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Xinjiang 474 Hospital, 830000, Urumqi City, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206, Changping District, Beijing City, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira PML, Fernandes BT, dos Santos VR, Cabral WRC, Lovo-Martins MI, Alonso L, Lancheros CAC, de Paula JC, Camargo PG, Suzukawa HT, Alonso A, Macedo F, Nakamura CV, Tavares ER, de Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Yamauchi LM, Pinge-Filho P, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Antiprotozoal Activity of Benzoylthiourea Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into Mechanism of Action. Pathogens 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37623972 PMCID: PMC10457850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported that N-(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-1), N-(tert-butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-2), and (4-bromo-N-(3-nitrophenyl) carbamothioyl benzamide (BTU-3) present selective antiprotozoal activity against all developmental forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds through microscopy and biochemical analyses. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed nuclear disorganization, changes in the plasma membrane with the appearance of blebs and extracellular arrangements, intense vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, and formation of myelin-like structures. Biochemical results showed changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species content, lipid peroxidation, and plasma membrane fluidity. In addition, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was observed. These findings indicate that BTU-1, BTU-2, and BTU-3 induced profound morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical alterations in epimastigote forms, triggering an autophagic-dependent cell death pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Morais Lopes Pereira
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Bruna Terci Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Vitória Ribeiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Weslei Roberto Correia Cabral
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Maria Isabel Lovo-Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Lais Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Priscila Goes Camargo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Helena Tiemi Suzukawa
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Antônio Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Fernando Macedo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Marcelle de Lima Ferreira Bispo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sowerby K, Freitag-Pohl S, Murillo AM, Silber AM, Pohl E. Cysteine synthase: multiple structures of a key enzyme in cysteine synthesis and a potential drug target for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:518-530. [PMID: 37204818 PMCID: PMC10233618 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whilst leishmaniasis, which is caused by over 20 species of Leishmania, represents a group of NTDs endemic to most countries in the tropical and subtropical belt of the planet. These diseases remain a significant health problem both in endemic countries and globally. These parasites and other trypanosomatids, including T. theileri, a bovine pathogen, rely on cysteine biosynthesis for the production of trypanothione, which is essential for parasite survival in hosts. The de novo pathway of cysteine biosynthesis requires the conversion of O-acetyl-L-serine into L-cysteine, which is catalysed by cysteine synthase (CS). These enzymes present potential for drug development against T. cruzi, Leishmania spp. and T. theileri. To enable these possibilities, biochemical and crystallographic studies of CS from T. cruzi (TcCS), L. infantum (LiCS) and T. theileri (TthCS) were conducted. Crystal structures of the three enzymes were determined at resolutions of 1.80 Å for TcCS, 1.75 Å for LiCS and 2.75 Å for TthCS. These three homodimeric structures show the same overall fold and demonstrate that the active-site geometry is conserved, supporting a common reaction mechanism. Detailed structural analysis revealed reaction intermediates of the de novo pathway ranging from an apo structure of LiCS and holo structures of both TcCS and TthCS to the substrate-bound structure of TcCS. These structures will allow exploration of the active site for the design of novel inhibitors. Additionally, unexpected binding sites discovered at the dimer interface represent new potential for the development of protein-protein inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sowerby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Resisting an invasion: A review of the triatomine vector (Kissing bug) defense strategies against a Trypanosoma sp infection. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106745. [PMID: 36375520 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Triatomines are an important group of insects in the Americas. They serve as transmission vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent responsible for the deadly Chagas disease in humans. The digenetic parasite has a complex life cycle, alternating between mammalian and insect hosts, facing different environments. In the insect vector, the metacyclic trypomastigote (non-replicative) and epimastigote (replicative) stages face a set of insect-mediated environmental changes, such as intestinal pH, body temperature, nutrient availability, and vector immune response. These insects have the ability to differentiate between self and non-self-particles using their innate immune system. This immune system comprises physical barriers, cellular responses (phagocytosis, nodules and encapsulation), humoral factors, including effector mechanisms (antimicrobial peptides and prophenoloxidase cascade) and the intestinal microbiota. Here, we consolidate and synthesize the available literature to describe the defense mechanisms deployed by the triatomine vector against the parasite, as documented in recent years, the possible mechanisms developed by the parasite to protect against the insect's specific microenvironment and innate immune responses, and future perspectives on the Triatomine-Trypanosome interaction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Penrice-Randal R, Hartley C, Beliavskaia A, Dong X, Brandner-Garrod L, Whitten M, Bell-Sakyi L. New Cell Lines Derived from Laboratory Colony Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, Do Not Harbour Triatoma Virus. INSECTS 2022; 13:906. [PMID: 36292854 PMCID: PMC9603895 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triatomine bugs of the genera Triatoma and Rhodnius are vectors of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease of humans in South America caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Triatoma virus (TrV), a natural pathogen of Triatoma infestans, has been proposed as a possible tool for the bio-control of triatomine bugs, but research into this virus has been hampered by a lack of suitable host cells for in vitro propagation. Here we report establishment and partial characterisation of continuous cell lines from embryos of T. infestans (TIE/LULS54) and Rhodnius prolixus (RPE/LULS53 and RPE/LULS57). RNAseq screening by a sequence-independent, single primer amplification approach confirmed the absence of TrV and other RNA viruses known to infect R. prolixus, indicating that these new cell lines could be used for propagation of TrV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Penrice-Randal
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Alexandra Beliavskaia
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Luke Brandner-Garrod
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Miranda Whitten
- Swansea University Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification of blood meal sources in species of genus Rhodnius in four different environments in the Brazilian amazon. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106486. [PMID: 35525313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted primarily by triatomine vectors. Triatomines are hematophagous insects that feed on a variety of vertebrate hosts. The Chagas disease transmission cycle is closely related to the interactions between vectors, parasites, and vertebrate hosts. Knowledge of triatomine food sources is critical to understanding Chagas disease transmission dynamics. The aim of this study was to identify blood meal sources used by triatomines from different environments in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 25 captures were conducted in four environments. Triatomine specimens were captured on palm trees and were identified by morphological and morphometric characters. Blood meal sources identification was conducted using a traditional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of mtDNA cytb gene. Sequencing was successful in 167 specimens and a total of 21 blood meal sources were identified: two reptilians, six birds, and 13 mammals. Among these 21 species, three (Tamandua tetradactyla, Didelphis marsupialis and Rattus rattus) are considered reservoir of T. cruzi. Knowledge of the relationship between triatomines and possible reservoirs can help to elucidate the enzootic cycle of T. cruzi in the Amazon region and guide control strategies for Chagas disease transmission in that region.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gysin G, Urbano P, Brandner-Garrod L, Begum S, Kristan M, Walker T, Hernández C, Ramírez JD, Messenger LA. Towards environmental detection of Chagas disease vectors and pathogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9849. [PMID: 35701602 PMCID: PMC9194887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease vector control relies on prompt, accurate identification of houses infested with triatomine bugs for targeted insecticide spraying. However, most current detection methods are laborious, lack standardization, have substantial operational costs and limited sensitivity, especially when triatomine bug densities are low or highly focal. We evaluated the use of FTA cards or cotton-tipped swabs to develop a low-technology, non-invasive method of detecting environmental DNA (eDNA) from both triatomine bugs and Trypanosoma cruzi for use in household surveillance in eastern Colombia, an endemic region for Chagas disease. Study findings demonstrated that Rhodnius prolixus eDNA, collected on FTA cards, can be detected at temperatures between 21 and 32 °C, when deposited by individual, recently blood-fed nymphs. Additionally, cotton-tipped swabs are a feasible tool for field sampling of both T. cruzi and R. prolixus eDNA in infested households and may be preferable due to their lower cost. eDNA detection should not yet replace current surveillance tools, but instead be evaluated in parallel as a more sensitive, higher-throughput, lower cost alternative. eDNA collection requires virtually no skills or resources in situ and therefore has the potential to be implemented in endemic communities as part of citizen science initiatives to control Chagas disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gysin
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Universidad Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
| | - Luke Brandner-Garrod
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shahida Begum
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cardoso MA, Brito TFD, Brito IADA, Berni MA, Coelho VL, Pane A. The Neglected Virome of Triatomine Insects. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.828712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triatominae subfamily (Reduviidae) harbors some hematophagous insect species that have been firmly connected to the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Triatomines not only host and transmit trypanosomatids, but also coexist with a variety of symbiotic microorganisms that generally reside in the insect’s intestinal flora. The microbiome has profound effects on the physiology, immunity, fitness and survival of animals and plants. The interaction between triatomines and bacteria has been investigated to some extent and has revealed important bacteria symbionts. In contrast, the range of viral species that can infect triatomine insects is almost completely unknown. In some cases, genomic and metatranscriptomic approaches have uncovered sequences related to possible viral genomes, but, to date, only eight positive single-strand RNA viruses, namely Triatoma virus and Rhodnius prolixus viruses 1 - 7 have been investigated in more detail. Here, we review the literature available on triatomine viruses and the viruses-insect host relationship. The lack of broader metagenomic and metatranscriptomic studies in these medically relevant insects underscores the importance of expanding our knowledge of the triatomine virome both for surveillance purposes as well as to possibly harness their potential for insect vector population control strategies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Praça YR, Santiago PB, Charneau S, Mandacaru SC, Bastos IMD, Bentes KLDS, Silva SMM, da Silva WMC, da Silva IG, de Sousa MV, Soares CMDA, Ribeiro JMC, Santana JM, de Araújo CN. An Integrative Sialomic Analysis Reveals Molecules From Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:798924. [PMID: 35047420 PMCID: PMC8762107 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.798924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines have evolved salivary glands that produce versatile molecules with various biological functions, including those leading their interactions with vertebrate hosts’ hemostatic and immunological systems. Here, using high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics, we report the first sialome study on the synanthropic triatomine Triatoma sordida. As a result, 57,645,372 reads were assembled into 26,670 coding sequences (CDS). From these, a total of 16,683 were successfully annotated. The sialotranscriptomic profile shows Lipocalin as the most abundant protein family within putative secreted transcripts. Trialysins and Kazal-type protease inhibitors have high transcript levels followed by ubiquitous protein families and enzyme classes. Interestingly, abundant trialysin and Kazal-type members are highlighted in this triatomine sialotranscriptome. Furthermore, we identified 132 proteins in T. sordida salivary gland soluble extract through LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Lipocalins, Hemiptera specific families, CRISP/Antigen-5 and Kazal-type protein inhibitors proteins were identified. Our study provides a comprehensive description of the transcript and protein compositions of the salivary glands of T. sordida. It significantly enhances the information in the Triatominae sialome databanks reported so far, improving the understanding of the vector’s biology, the hematophagous behaviour, and the Triatominae subfamily’s evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Reis Praça
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paula Beatriz Santiago
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Coelho Mandacaru
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Kaio Luís da Silva Bentes
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - José Marcos Chaves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaime Martins Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carmona-Peña S, Contreras-Garduño J, Castro D, Manjarrez J, Vázquez-Chagoyán J. The innate immune response of triatomines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli with an unresolved question: Do triatomines have immune memory? Acta Trop 2021; 224:106108. [PMID: 34450058 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to review the immune response from different triatomines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli and propose the study of immune memory in such insects. Trypanosoma use triatomines as vectors to reach and infect mammals. A key question to be answered about vector-parasite interaction is why the immune defense and resistance of the insect against the parasites vary. Up to date data shows that the defense of triatomines against parasites includes cellular (phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation) and humoral (antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidase and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) responses. The immune response varies depending on the triatomine species, the trypanosome strain and species, and the insect intestinal microbiota. Despite significant advances to understand parasite-insect interaction, it is still unknown if triatomines have immune memory against parasites and if this memory may derive from tolerance to parasites attack. Therefore, a closer study of such interaction could contribute and establish new proposals to control the parasite at the vector level to reduce parasite transmission to mammals, including men. For instance, if immune memory exists in the triatomines, it would be interesting to induce weak infections in insects to find out if subsequent infections are less intense and if the insects succeed in eliminating the parasites.
Collapse
|
13
|
de Brito TF, Coelho VL, Cardoso MA, Brito IADA, Berni MA, Zenk FL, Iovino N, Pane A. Transovarial transmission of a core virome in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009780. [PMID: 34407148 PMCID: PMC8372912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triatomine assassin bugs comprise hematophagous insect vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Although the microbiome of these species has been investigated to some extent, only one virus infecting Triatoma infestans has been identified to date. Here, we describe for the first time seven (+) single-strand RNA viruses (RpV1-7) infecting Rhodnius prolixus, a primary vector of Chagas disease in Central and South America. We show that the RpVs belong to the Iflaviridae, Permutotetraviridae and Solemoviridae and are vertically transmitted from the mothers to the progeny via transovarial transmission. Consistent with this, all the RpVs, except RpV2 that is related to the entomopathogenic Slow bee paralysis virus, established persistent infections in our R. prolixus colony. Furthermore, we show that R. prolixus ovaries express 22-nucleotide viral siRNAs (vsiRNAs), but not viral piRNAs, that originate from the processing of dsRNA intermediates during viral replication of the RpVs. Interestingly, the permutotetraviruses and sobemoviruses display shared pools of vsiRNAs that might provide the basis for a cross-immunity system. The vsiRNAs are maternally deposited in the eggs, where they likely contribute to reduce the viral load and protect the developing embryos. Our results unveil for the first time a complex core virome in R. prolixus and begin to shed light on the RNAi-based antiviral defenses in triatomines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Lima Coelho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maira Arruda Cardoso
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Antonio Berni
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fides Lea Zenk
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Iovino
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Attilio Pane
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zuma AA, Dos Santos Barrias E, de Souza W. Basic Biology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1671-1732. [PMID: 33272165 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201203213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review addresses basic aspects of the biology of the pathogenic protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and some comparative information of Trypanosoma brucei. Like eukaryotic cells, their cellular organization is similar to that of mammalian hosts. However, these parasites present structural particularities. That is why the following topics are emphasized in this paper: developmental stages of the life cycle in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts; the cytoskeleton of the protozoa, especially the sub-pellicular microtubules; the flagellum and its attachment to the protozoan body through specialized junctions; the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, including its structural organization and DNA replication; glycosome and its role in the metabolism of the cell; acidocalcisome, describing its morphology, biochemistry, and functional role; cytostome and the endocytic pathway; the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex; the nucleus, describing its structural organization during interphase and division; and the process of interaction of the parasite with host cells. The unique characteristics of these structures also make them interesting chemotherapeutic targets. Therefore, further understanding of cell biology aspects contributes to the development of drugs for chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emile Dos Santos Barrias
- Laboratorio de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida - Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borella Marfil Anhê AC, Maia Godoy RS, Nacif-Pimenta R, Barbosa WF, Lacerda MV, Monteiro WM, Costa Secundino NF, Paolucci Pimenta PF. Microanatomical and secretory characterization of the salivary gland of the Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), a main vector of Chagas disease. Open Biol 2021; 11:210028. [PMID: 34129783 PMCID: PMC8205540 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is the principal vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease in American countries. This insect is haematophagous during all life cycles and, to antagonize its haemostatic, inflammatory and immune systems, it secretes saliva while feeding on the vertebrate host's blood. Here, we investigated characteristic changes of the salivary glands (SG) that occur during insect development. Two pairs of lobules and ducts comprise the SG of R. prolixus. The organ's size increases over time, but the microanatomical structures are preserved during insect development. Both lobules have a single layer epithelium formed by binucleated cells, which surrounds the saliva reservoir. The principal lobule presents higher polysaccharide and total protein contents than the accessory lobe. A network of external muscle layers is responsible for organ contraction and saliva release. Apocrine, merocrine and holocrine secretion types occur in the secretory epithelium. Dopamine, serotonin and tyrosine-hydroxylase are neural-related molecules that regulate SG function both during and after feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Instituto de Ciências Tecnológicas e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Randolfo Borges Júnior, 1400, CEP 38064-200, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Soares Maia Godoy
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner Faria Barbosa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Holfs, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, CEP 69040-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rolandelli A, Nascimento AEC, Silva LS, Rivera-Pomar R, Guarneri AA. Modulation of IMD, Toll, and Jak/STAT Immune Pathways Genes in the Fat Body of Rhodnius prolixus During Trypanosoma rangeli Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:598526. [PMID: 33537241 PMCID: PMC7848085 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.598526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli is the second most common American trypanosome that infects man. It is vectored by triatomines from the genus Rhodnius, in which it invades the hemolymph and infects the salivary glands, avoiding the bug immune responses. In insects, these responses are initiated by well conserved pathways, mainly the IMD, Toll, and Jak/STAT. We hypothesize that long-term infection with T. rangeli in the gut or hemolymph of Rhodnius prolixus triggers different systemic immune responses, which influence the number of parasites that survive inside the vector. Thus, we investigated groups of insects with infections in the gut and/or hemolymph, and evaluated the parasite load and the expression in the fat body of transcription factors (Rp-Relish, Rp-Dorsal, and Rp-STAT) and inhibitors (Rp-Cactus and Rp-Caspar) of the IMD, Toll, and Jak/STAT pathways. We detected lower parasite counts in the gut of insects without hemolymph infection, compared to hemolymph-infected groups. Besides, we measured higher parasite numbers in the gut of bugs that were first inoculated with T. rangeli and then fed on infected mice, compared with control insects, indicating that hemolymph infection increases parasite numbers in the gut. Interestingly, we observed that genes from the three immune pathways where differentially modulated, depending on the region parasites were present, as we found (1) Rp-Relish downregulated in gut-and/or-hemolymph-infected insects, compared with controls; (2) Rp-Cactus upregulated in gut-infected insect, compared with controls and gut-and-hemolymph-infected groups; and (3) Rp-STAT downregulated in all groups of hemolymph-infected insects. Finally, we uncovered negative correlations between parasite loads in the gut and Rp-Relish and Rp-Cactus expression, and between parasite counts in the hemolymph and Rp-Relish levels, suggesting an association between parasite numbers and the IMD and Toll pathways. Overall, our findings reveal new players in R. prolixus-T. rangeli interactions that could be key for the capacity of the bug to transmit the pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Rolandelli
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio), Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT-NOBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Adeisa E C Nascimento
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Silva
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rolando Rivera-Pomar
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio), Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT-NOBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Alessandra A Guarneri
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu Y, Xie H, Gao M, Huang P, Zhou H, Ma Y, Zhou M, Liang J, Yang J, Lv Z. Dynamic of Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Triatoma rubrofasciata in Different Developmental Stages and Environmental Conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:587708. [PMID: 33224899 PMCID: PMC7667259 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma rubrofasciata (T. rubrofasciata), one kind of triatomine insects, is the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), which lead to American trypanosomiasis. Although the gut microbiome may play an essential role in the development and susceptibility of triatomine, there is limited research on the gut microbiota of T. rubrofasciata. To elucidate the effect of the vector's developmental stages and environmental conditions on the gut microbiome, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile the gut bacterial community diversity and composition of T. rubrofasciata. Significant shifts were observed in the overall gut microbe diversity and composition across the development of T. rubrofasciata and specific bacteria were detected in different stages. Serratia and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia were dominant in the 1st nymphal stage, while the abundance of Staphylococcus was low in the 1st nymphal stage. Oceanicaulis were undetectable in the adult stage and Odoribacter peaked in the 2nd nymphal stage. Moreover, Staphylococcus was correlated negatively with Serratia. Likewise, the total gut microbiota diversity and composition of T. rubrofasciata differentiated significantly by environmental conditions. The ingestion of a bloodmeal increased alpha diversity of gut bacterial communities, and Staphylococcus was more abundant in laboratory-reared bugs whereas Enterococcus enriched in wild-caught bugs. Furthermore, Pantoea was negatively correlated with Staphylococcus, and positively related to Bacillus only. The phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) algorithm showed obvious metagenomic functional differences by environmental conditions, and Chagas disease relevant pathway was enriched in wild-caught T. rubrofasciata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanguo Xie
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minzhao Gao
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyu Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Liang
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Neal AJ, Butler LR, Rolandelli A, Gilk SD, Pedra JH. Lipid hijacking: a unifying theme in vector-borne diseases. eLife 2020; 9:61675. [PMID: 33118933 PMCID: PMC7595734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne illnesses comprise a significant portion of human maladies, representing 17% of global infections. Transmission of vector-borne pathogens to mammals primarily occurs by hematophagous arthropods. It is speculated that blood may provide a unique environment that aids in the replication and pathogenesis of these microbes. Lipids and their derivatives are one component enriched in blood and are essential for microbial survival. For instance, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, have been shown to scavenge and manipulate host lipids for structural support, metabolism, replication, immune evasion, and disease severity. In this Review, we will explore the importance of lipid hijacking for the growth and persistence of these microbes in both mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anya J O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - L Rainer Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Joao Hf Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eberhard FE, Cunze S, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Modelling the climatic suitability of Chagas disease vectors on a global scale. eLife 2020; 9:52072. [PMID: 32374263 PMCID: PMC7237218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triatominae are vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of the neglected tropical Chagas disease. Their distribution stretches across Latin America, with some species occurring outside of the Americas. In particular, the cosmopolitan vector, Triatoma rubrofasciata, has already been detected in many Asian and African countries. We applied an ensemble forecasting niche modelling approach to project the climatic suitability of 11 triatomine species under current climate conditions on a global scale. Our results revealed potential hotspots of triatomine species diversity in tropical and subtropical regions between 21°N and 24°S latitude. We also determined the climatic suitability of two temperate species (T. infestans, T. sordida) in Europe, western Australia and New Zealand. Triatoma rubrofasciata has been projected to find climatically suitable conditions in large parts of coastal areas throughout Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia, emphasising the importance of an international vector surveillance program in these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny E Eberhard
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Pharmacopea within Triatomine Salivary Glands. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:250-265. [PMID: 32007395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triatomines are blood-feeding insects that prey on vertebrate hosts. Their saliva is largely responsible for their feeding success. The triatomine salivary content has been studied over the past decades, revealing multifunctional bioactive proteins targeting the host´s hemostasis and immune system. Recently, sequencing of salivary-gland mRNA libraries revealed increasingly complex and complete transcript databases that have been used to validate the expression of deduced proteins through proteomics. This review provides an insight into the journey of discovery and characterization of novel molecules in triatomine saliva.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi Y, Wei Y, Feng X, Liu J, Jiang Z, Ou F, Wei H, Lv G, Wan X, Wang Z, Yang Y. Distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of Triatoma rubrofasciata, the vector of Chagas disease in Guangxi, China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:33. [PMID: 31959216 PMCID: PMC6972020 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomines are natural vectors of Chagas disease and are mainly prevalent in the Americas. In China, previous data from decades ago showed that there were two species of triatomine bugs, Triatoma rubrofasciata and T. sinica. However, the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of triatomines in China are still relatively unknown. In order to gain knowledge on the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of the triatomines in Guangxi, China, an entomological-epidemiological study and genetic research was conducted. Methods Different methods were used to elucidate the distribution of triatomines in Guangxi including consultations with county-level Center for Disease Prevention and Control staff and village doctors, the distribution of educational material on triatomines though the internet and social media apps such as Wechat and QQ, and conducting manual inspections and light trapping to collect triatomines. The morphological characteristics of the collected triatomines were identified under light microscopy. The mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome b (cytb) genes and nuclear 28S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced and used in phylogenetic analyses. Results A total of 305 triatomines were captured from 54 different sites in 13 cities in Guangxi. All collected bugs were identified as T. rubrofasciata based on morphology. Most triatomine collection sites were around or inside houses. Four triatomines bite cases were observed during the investigation indicating that triatomine bites are common, the bites can cause serious anaphylaxis and skin papules and urticaria, suggesting a systemic skin response. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from Guangxi and other countries showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions exhibit a high similarity, with no geographical differences. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA and cytb genes showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions and continents were in the same cluster, indicating no differentiation among different geographical populations. Conclusions Our study showed that T. rubrofasciata is widely distributed in Guangxi and that people are commonly bitten by this insect in some regions. This highlights the need to enhance surveillance for and control of T. rubrofasciata and to strengthen the monitoring of imported Trypanosoma cruzi in China. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from different regions and continents suggested that T. rubrofasciata populations exhibit high similarity, and the clustering in the phylogenetic analyses indicates that T. rubrofasciata has a close ancestor originating in the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Shi
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Yaobao Wei
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Fangqi Ou
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Guoli Lv
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yichao Yang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hieu HV, Do LT, Pita S, Ha H, Khoa PT, Tuan PA, Mai TP, Lien NG, Panzera F. Biological attributes of the kissing bug Triatoma rubrofasciata from Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:585. [PMID: 31842951 PMCID: PMC6915989 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma rubrofasciata is the only kissing bug species distributed globally. In the Americas, this species transmits the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, responsible for Chagas disease. The presence of T. rubrofasciata in several Asian countries has greatly increased recently. In Vietnam, it is found in large numbers, closely associated with human environments. Although T. rubrofasciata from Asia is not infected with Tryp. cruzi, it carries other parasites such as Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma conorhini. Reports of bites by T. rubrofasciata have increased significantly in several places of Vietnam, becoming a public health problem as it produces severe anaphylactic reactions. METHODS Specimens of T. rubrofasciata were collected from seven provinces in central Vietnam. We analyzed different biological attributes (life-cycle, starvation resistance, feeding and reproductive capacities) and genetic characteristics (chromosomes and DNA sequences) of T. rubrofasciata from Vietnam and compared them with Brazilian specimens. Natural infection with Tryp. conorhini and Tryp. lewisi were analyzed in a sample of 100 collected insects. RESULTS Species identification of T. rubrofasciata from central Vietnam was corroborated by genetic markers. Cytogenetic analyses showed that T. rubrofasciata from central Vietnam share the same chromosomal characteristics with individuals from Brazil and Hanoi. DNA sequence analyses of a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene fragment showed little variation between Old and New World specimens. Our study sample, compared with Brazilian individuals, showed a higher survival capacity revealed by a higher hatching rate (98% compared with 80.5%), a larger amount of blood taken in single meal and long-term starvation resistance. Furthermore, this species had a high natural rate of infection with Tryp. conorhini (46%) and Tryp. lewisi (27%). CONCLUSIONS For T. rubrofasciata of Vietnam, a high rate of fecundity throughout the year, a high capacity for starvation, and its occurrence in synanthropic environments of urban areas with a high availability of food sources are risk factors to be taken into account by vector control campaigns. The several allergic reactions caused by their bites and their high infection with Tryp. lewisi highlight the need to implement specific control programmes for T. rubrofasciata in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Viet Hieu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Do
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hoang Ha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Khoa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ta Phuong Mai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Giang Lien
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu Y, Gao MZ, Huang P, Zhou HL, Ma YB, Zhou MY, Cheng SY, Xie HG, Lv ZY. Taxonomic integrative and phylogenetic identification of the first recorded Triatoma rubrofasciata in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province and Maoming, Guangdong Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:70. [PMID: 31409377 PMCID: PMC6693202 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most species of Triatominae live exclusively in Latin America. However, one species, Triatoma rubrofasciata, has been recorded in the Americas as well as in various port areas in Africa and Asia. An increasing number of T. rubrofasciata have been reported in southern China in recent years. However, the origin of this invasive insect vector in China remains unknown, therefore, accurate identification and phylogenetic analysis of the bugs are urgently needed. METHODS A total of seven triatomine insect specimens were found and collected from Maoming City, Guangdong Province, China (GDMM) and Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, China (FJZZ), respectively. The obtained insect vector specimens were observed under a dissecting microscope for morphological classification and then the genomic DNA was extracted, and the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 28S rRNA as well as cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of the species were amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on multiple alignments of the above genes were conducted in order to identify the species and determine the phylogenetic origin approximation accurately. RESULTS The triatomine insects collected from GDMM and FJZZ were identified as Triatoma rubrofasciata using morphological and genetic analyses. All of the Chinese T. rubrofasciata captured in FJZZ, GDMM and other localities in southern China, together with a Vietnamese and Brazilian strain, formed a new, cohesive clade. T. rubrofasciata in GDMM and FJZZ are likely derived from strains found in Vietnam or Brazil. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of the invasive insect T. rubrofasciata, which is likely derived from strains native to Vietnam or Brazil, in both Maoming City, Guangdong Province and Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province of China. A comparison of the DNA sequences of the 16 s rRNA, 28 s rRNA and COI genes confirmed the specific identification of T. rubrofasciata, and its potential origin in China is based on the phylogenetic analyses undertaken in this study. More targeted interventions and improved entomological surveillance are urgently needed to control the spread of this haematophagous insect in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Min-Zhao Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ma
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Min-Yu Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yun Cheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Han-Guo Xie
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|