1
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Fitch AK, Malhotra S, Conroy R. Differentiating monogenic and syndromic obesities from polygenic obesity: Assessment, diagnosis, and management. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 11:100110. [PMID: 38766314 PMCID: PMC11101890 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a multifactorial neurohormonal disease that results from dysfunction within energy regulation pathways and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. The most common form is polygenic obesity, which results from interactions between multiple gene variants and environmental factors. Highly penetrant monogenic and syndromic obesities result from rare genetic variants with minimal environmental influence and can be differentiated from polygenic obesity depending on key symptoms, including hyperphagia; early-onset, severe obesity; and suboptimal responses to nontargeted therapies. Timely diagnosis of monogenic or syndromic obesity is critical to inform management strategies and reduce disease burden. We outline the physiology of weight regulation, role of genetics in obesity, and differentiating characteristics between polygenic and rare genetic obesity to facilitate diagnosis and transition toward targeted therapies. Methods In this narrative review, we focused on case reports, case studies, and natural history studies of patients with monogenic and syndromic obesities and clinical trials examining the efficacy, safety, and quality of life impact of nontargeted and targeted therapies in these populations. We also provide comprehensive algorithms for diagnosis of patients with suspected rare genetic causes of obesity. Results Patients with monogenic and syndromic obesities commonly present with hyperphagia (ie, pathologic, insatiable hunger) and early-onset, severe obesity, and the presence of hallmark characteristics can inform genetic testing and diagnostic approach. Following diagnosis, specialized care teams can address complex symptoms, and hyperphagia is managed behaviorally. Various pharmacotherapies show promise in these patient populations, including setmelanotide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Conclusion Understanding the pathophysiology and differentiating characteristics of monogenic and syndromic obesities can facilitate diagnosis and management and has led to development of targeted pharmacotherapies with demonstrated efficacy for reducing body weight and hunger in the affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali Malhotra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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3
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Nomura K, Kimira Y, Kobayashi R, Shiobara Y, Osawa Y, Kataoka-Matsushita A, Shimizu J, Wada M, Mano H. Collagen-derived dipeptide prolyl-hydroxyproline cooperates with Foxg1 to activate the PGC-1α promoter and induce brown adipocyte-like phenotype in rosiglitazone-treated C3H10T1/2 cells. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1375532. [PMID: 38812940 PMCID: PMC11133597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1375532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global obesity epidemic is a significant public health issue, often leading to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Collagen peptides (CP) and their bioactive component, Prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), have shown potential in reducing adipocyte size, with unclear mechanisms concerning brown adipocyte differentiation. Methods We investigated the effects of Pro-Hyp on the differentiation of brown adipocytes in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, focusing on its impact on adipocyte size, gene expression related to brown fat function, and mitochondrial activity. Results Pro-Hyp treatment decreased adipocyte size and upregulated brown fat-specific genes, including C/EBPα, PGC-1α, and UCP-1. Remarkably, it did not alter PPARγ expression. Pro-Hyp also elevated mitochondrial activity, suggesting enhanced brown adipocyte functionality. A Pro-Hyp responsive element was identified in the PGC-1α gene promoter, which facilitated the binding of the Foxg1 transcription factor, indicating a novel regulatory mechanism. Conclusion Pro-Hyp promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, potentially offering a therapeutic strategy for obesity management. This study provides a molecular basis for the anti-obesity effects of CP, although further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential impact on beige adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Nomura
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimira
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuna Shiobara
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wada
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mano
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Abdillah AM, Yun JW. Capsaicin induces ATP-dependent thermogenesis via the activation of TRPV1/β3-AR/α1-AR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mouse model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109975. [PMID: 38531438 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is a natural bioactive compound in chili pepper that activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) and is known to stimulate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis. However, its effect on ATP-dependent thermogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we employed qRT-PCR, immunoblot, staining method, and assay kit to investigate the role of CAP on ATP-dependent thermogenesis and its modulatory roles on the TRPV1, β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and α1-AR using in vitro and in vivo models. The studies showed that CAP treatment in high-fat diet-induced obese mice resulted in lower body weight gain and elevated ATP-dependent thermogenic effectors' protein and gene expression through ATP-consuming calcium and creatine futile cycles. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, CAP treatment elevated the protein and gene expressions of sarcoendoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2), ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), creatine kinase B (CKB), and creatine kinase mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2) mediated by the activation of β3-AR, α1-AR, and TRPV1. Our study showed that CAP increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) which indicates that increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels lead to increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation protein complexes as a result of ATP-futile cycle activation. A mechanistic study in 3T3-L1 adipocytes revealed that CAP induces UCP1- and ATP-dependent thermogenesis mediated by the β3-AR/PKA/p38MAPK/ERK as well as calcium-dependent α1-AR/TRPV1/CaMKII/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Taken together, we identified CAP's novel functional and modulatory roles in UCP1- and ATP-dependent thermogenesis, which is important for developing therapeutic strategies for combating obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfin Mohammad Abdillah
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Allard C, Miralpeix C, López-Gambero AJ, Cota D. mTORC1 in energy expenditure: consequences for obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:239-251. [PMID: 38225400 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (sometimes referred to as the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; mTORC1) orchestrates cellular metabolism in response to environmental energy availability. As a result, at the organismal level, mTORC1 signalling regulates the intake, storage and use of energy by acting as a hub for the actions of nutrients and hormones, such as leptin and insulin, in different cell types. It is therefore unsurprising that deregulated mTORC1 signalling is associated with obesity. Strategies that increase energy expenditure offer therapeutic promise for the treatment of obesity. Here we review current evidence illustrating the critical role of mTORC1 signalling in the regulation of energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis through its various effects in neuronal circuits, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Understanding how mTORC1 signalling in one organ and cell type affects responses in other organs and cell types could be key to developing better, safer treatments targeting this pathway in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
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6
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Kowald A, Palmer D, Secci R, Fuellen G. Healthy Aging in Times of Extreme Temperatures: Biomedical Approaches. Aging Dis 2024; 15:601-611. [PMID: 37450930 PMCID: PMC10917539 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate extremes and rising energy prices present interconnected global health risks. Technical solutions can be supplemented with biomedical approaches to promote healthy longevity in hot and cold conditions. In summer, reducing basal metabolic rate through mild caloric restriction or CR mimetics, such as resveratrol, can potentially be used to lower body temperature. In winter, activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for non-shivering thermogenesis and improved metabolic health can help adaptation to colder environments. Catechins found in green tea and in other food could be alternatives to drugs for these purposes. This review examines and discusses the biomedical evidence supporting the use of CR mimetics and BAT activators for health benefits amid increasingly extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kowald
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Secci
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
- Interdisziplinäre Fakultät, Department AGIS (Altern des Individuums und der Gesellschaft), Universität Rostock, Germany.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Martins FF, Martins BC, Teixeira AVS, Ajackson M, Souza-Mello V, Daleprane JB. Brown Adipose Tissue, Batokines, and Bioactive Compounds in Foods: An Update. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300634. [PMID: 38402434 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human adults and the worldwide increase in obesity and obesity-related chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has made BAT a therapeutic target in the last two decades. The potential of BAT to oxidize fatty acids rapidly and increase energy expenditure inversely correlates with adiposity, insulin and glucose resistance, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Currently, BAT is recognized by a new molecular signature; several BAT-derived molecules that act positively on target tissues have been identified and collectively called batokines. Bioactive compounds present in foods are endowed with thermogenic properties that increase BAT activation signaling. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to BAT activation and the batokines secreted by it within the thermogenic state is fundamental for its recruitment and management of obesity and NCDs. This review contributes to recent updates on the morphophysiology of BAT, its endocrine role in obesity, and the main bioactive compounds present in foods involved in classical and nonclassical thermogenic pathways activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550900, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cadete Martins
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550900, Brazil
| | - Ananda Vitoria Silva Teixeira
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ajackson
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, 205521031, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550900, Brazil
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Ni Y, Zheng L, Zhang L, Li J, Pan Y, Du H, Wang Z, Fu Z. Spermidine activates adipose tissue thermogenesis through autophagy and fibroblast growth factor 21. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109569. [PMID: 38185346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Spermidine exerts protective roles in obesity, while the mechanism of spermidine in adipose tissue thermogenesis remains unclear. The present study first investigated the effect of spermidine on cold-stimulation and β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thermogenesis in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Next, the role of spermidine on glucose and lipid metabolism in different types of adipose tissue was determined. Here, we found that spermidine supplementation did not affect cold-stimulated thermogenesis in lean mice, while significantly promoting the activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis under cold stimulation and β3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment in obese mice. Spermidine treatment markedly enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, and these results were associated with the activated autophagy pathway. Moreover, spermidine up-regulated fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling and its downstream pathway, including PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of Fgf21 or inhibition of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in brown adipocytes abolished the thermogenesis-promoting effect of spermidine, suggesting that the effect of spermidine on adipose tissue thermogenesis might be regulated by FGF21 signaling via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways. The present study provides new insight into the mechanism of spermidine on obesity and its metabolic complications, thereby laying a theoretical basis for the clinical application of spermidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Du
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Biniazan F, Stoian A, Haykal S. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Angiogenetic Potential and Utility in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2356. [PMID: 38397032 PMCID: PMC10889096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a large and important energy storage organ as well as an endocrine organ with a critical role in many processes. Additionally, AT is an enormous and easily accessible source of multipotent cell types used in our day for all types of tissue regeneration. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into other types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, is used in tissue engineering in order to promote/stimulate the process of angiogenesis. Being a key for future successful clinical applications, functional vascular networks in engineered tissue are targeted by numerous in vivo and ex vivo studies. The article reviews the angiogenic potential of ADSCs and explores their capacity in the field of tissue engineering (TE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Stoian
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
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10
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Iida T, Ueda Y, Tsukada H, Fukumoto D, Hamaoka T. Brown adipose tissue evaluation using water and triglyceride as indices by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300183. [PMID: 37885352 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to lipid and glucose metabolism, and BAT evaluation is expected to contribute to disease prevention and treatment. We aimed to establish a BAT evaluation method using simple and non-invasive diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We acquired diffuse reflectance spectra of BAT using DRS from rats with cold stimulation and analyzed the second-derivative spectra. To predict the amount of triglyceride in BAT from the second-derivative spectra, partial least-squares regression analysis was performed, and we examined whether BAT weight can be predicted from the amount of triglyceride by single regression analysis. By focusing on changes in the amount of triglyceride in BAT with cold stimulation, it was suggested that this amount could be predicted spectroscopically, and the predicted amount of triglyceride could be used to estimate the BAT weight with cold stimulation. If these results can be translated into humans, they may contribute to preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Iida
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Fukumoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Lun W, Yan Q, Guo X, Zhou M, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Mechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:468-491. [PMID: 38322325 PMCID: PMC10840437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane receptor, TGR5 is widely distributed in different parts of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, including the processes of energy consumption, weight loss and blood glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as fatty liver, obesity and diabetes. With the global obesity situation becoming more and more serious, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism of TGR5 and filling the gaps in knowledge concerning clinical ligand drugs are urgently needed. In this review, we mainly explain the anti-obesity mechanism of TGR5 to promote the further study of this target, and show the electron microscope structure of TGR5 and review recent studies on TGR5 ligands to illustrate the specific binding between TGR5 receptor binding sites and ligands, which can effectively provide new ideas for ligand research and promote drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Lun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Cho YR, Lee S, Kim H, Park EC, Jeong SY, Hamishehkar H, Jung SM, Kim KH. Pinuseldarone, a Clerodane-Type Diterpene from Pinus eldarica Needles and Phytochemicals as Novel Agents for Regulating Brown Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:58-67. [PMID: 38159296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Pinus eldarica needles led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane-type diterpene, pinuseldarone (1), along with a known flavonoid, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6-C-methylflavone (2), through HPLC purification. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. Its absolute configuration was established through NOESY analysis and computational methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations, followed by DP4+ probability analysis. The metabolic implications of the isolated compounds were assessed using a cultured brown adipocyte model derived from murine brown adipose tissue. It was observed that treatment with dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6-C-methylflavone (2) downregulates the adipogenic marker C/EBPδ and fatty acid transporter CD36, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid accumulation during brown adipocyte differentiation. However, pinuseldarone (1) treatment did not affect brown adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, pretreatment with pinuseldarone (1) potentiated the pharmacological stimulation of brown adipocytes, seemingly achieved by sensitizing their response to β3-adrenoreceptor signaling. Therefore, our findings indicate that phytochemicals derived from P. eldarica needles could potentially serve as valuable compounds for adjusting the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, a vital component in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Rang Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Chung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Fu X, Murakami M, Hashimoto O, Matsui T, Funaba M. Regulatory mechanisms underlying interleukin-6 expression in murine brown adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3915. [PMID: 38269513 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Three types of adipocytes, white, brown, and beige, regulate the systemic energy balance through the storage and expenditure of chemical energy. In addition, adipocytes produce various bioactive molecules known as adipokines. In contrast to white adipocyte-derived molecules, less information is available on the adipokines produced by brown adipocytes (batokine). This study explored the regulatory expression of interleukin (IL)-6 in cell culture studies. Norepinephrine or a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor agonist increased the expression of IL-6 in primary brown adipocytes and HB2 brown adipocytes. Treatment with forskolin (Fsk), an activator of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (downstream signaling of the β-adrenergic receptor), efficiently stimulated IL-6 expression in brown adipocytes and myotubes. Phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase levels were increased in Fsk-treated brown adipocytes within 5 min. In contrast, a long-term (∼60 min and ∼4 h) treatment with Fsk was required for increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression, respectively. The PKA, p38 MAP kinase, STAT3, and C/EBPβ pathways are required for the maximal IL-6 expression induced by Fsk, which were verified by use of various inhibitors of these signal pathways. Vitamin C enhanced Fsk-induced IL-6 expression through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. The present study provides basic information on the regulatory expression of IL-6 in activated brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Fu
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Zou W, Zhang L, Hu Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Zheng J. The role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation: What is the evidence? Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3933. [PMID: 38269518 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder, and the incidence of obesity continues to rise at an alarming rate worldwide. In particular, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in children is a major health concern. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity remain unclear and the efficacy of several approaches for weight loss is limited. As an important calcium-permeable temperature-sensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels directly participate in thermo-, mechano-, and chemosensory responses. Modulation of TRPV ion channel activity can alter the physiological function of the ion channel, leading to neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, cancer, and skin disorders. In recent years, increasing studies have demonstrated that TRPV ion channels are abundantly expressed in metabolic organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and central nervous system, which has been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, as an important process for the pathophysiology of adipocyte metabolism, adipocyte differentiation plays a critical role in obesity. In this review, we focus on the role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation to broaden the ideas for prevention and control strategies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Wen X, Xiao Y, Xiao H, Tan X, Wu B, Li Z, Wang R, Xu X, Li T. Bisphenol S induces brown adipose tissue whitening and aggravates diet-induced obesity in an estrogen-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113504. [PMID: 38041811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) exposure has been implied epidemiologically to increase obesity risk, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we propose that BPS exposure at an environmentally relevant dose aggravates diet-induced obesity in female mice by inducing brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening. We explored the underlying mechanism by which KDM5A-associated demethylation of the trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) in thermogenic genes is overactivated in BAT upon BPS exposure, leading to the reduced expression of thermogenic genes. Further studies have suggested that BPS activates KDM5A transcription in BAT by binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Estrogen-estrogen receptors facilitate the accessibility of the KDM5A gene promoter to BPS-activated GR by recruiting the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex. These results indicate that BAT is another important target of BPS and that targeting KDM5A-related signals may serve as an approach to counteract the BPS-induced susceptivity to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Tan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Beiyi Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Solianik R, Židonienė K, Brazaitis M. Short-duration cold exposure decreases fasting-induced glucose intolerance but has no effect on resting energy expenditure. Cryobiology 2023; 113:104564. [PMID: 37541564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brief cold exposure can reverse fasting-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and improve resting energy expenditure (REE). Twelve young non-obese women were randomly assigned to undergo the following conditions: 2 days of fasting with two 10-min whole-body cold-water immersions on separate days (FAST-COLD), 2 days of fasting without cold-water immersions (FAST), 2 days of usual diet with two 10-min whole-body cold-water immersions on separate days (COLD), or 2 days of usual diet without cold-water immersions (CON) in a randomised crossover fashion. Changes in REE and substrate utilisation, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity from the oral glucose tolerance test were examined. The results showed that FAST-COLD and FAST trials increased (P < 0.05) REE and decreased (P < 0.05) respiratory quotient, but these variables did not differ significantly between the FAST-COLD and FAST trials. The glucose and insulin area under the curves (AUCs) were higher (P < 0.05) in the FAST-COLD and FAST trials than in the CON and COLD trials, and these AUCs were lower (P < 0.05) in the FAST-COLD than in the FAST trial. Matsuda index was lower in the FAST trial than in the CON trial (P < 0.05), and tended to be greater after the FAST-COLD trial than after the FAST trial (P = 0.060). In conclusion, cold exposure had no effect on REE but decreased fasting-induced glucose intolerance which was accompanied by a maintained insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Katerina Židonienė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Spezani R, Marcondes-de-Castro IA, Marinho TS, Reis-Barbosa PH, Cardoso LEM, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Cotadutide improves brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in obese mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115852. [PMID: 37832793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of cotadutide, a dual agonist glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)/Glucagon, on interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) remodeling and thermogenesis of obese mice. Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C group, n = 20) or a high-fat diet (HF group, n = 20) for ten weeks. Then, animals were redivided, adding cotadutide treatment: C, CC, HF, and HFC for four additional weeks. The multilocular brown adipocyte structure showed fat conversion (whitening), hypertrophy, and structural disarray in the HF group, which was reverted in cotadutide-treated animals. Cotadutide enhances the body temperature, thermogenesis, and sympathetic innervation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, β3 adrenergic receptor, interleukin 6, and uncoupled protein 1), reduces pro-inflammatory markers (disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain, morphogenetic protein 8a, and neuregulin 4), and improves angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A, and perlecan). In addition, cotadutide enhances lipolysis (perilipin and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α), mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 1, transcription factor A mitochondrial, mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α), and mitochondrial fusion/fission (dynamin-related protein 1, mitochondrial fission protein 1, and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase). Cotadutide reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress (activating transcription factor 4, C/EBP homologous protein, and growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible), and extracellular matrix markers (lysyl oxidase, collagen type I α1, collagen type VI α3, matrix metallopeptidases 2 and 9, and hyaluronan synthases 1 and 2). In conclusion, the experimental evidence is compelling in demonstrating cotadutide's thermogenic effect on obese mice's iBAT, contributing to unraveling its action mechanisms and the possible translational benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilitch A Marcondes-de-Castro
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany S Marinho
- Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E M Cardoso
- Extracellular Matrix Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Nutrition Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nutrition Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Chen CM, Meng XQ, Zhu H, Liu T, Liu Y, Zhou LJ, Zhu GD, Chen XB, Guo XG, Duan SZ. Brown adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor deficiency impairs metabolic regulation in diet-induced obese mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100449. [PMID: 37734559 PMCID: PMC10622702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to energy dissipation and metabolic health. Although mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been demonstrated to improve metabolism under obesity, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the role of BAT MR in metabolic regulation. After 8 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, BAT MR KO (BMRKO) mice manifested significantly increased bodyweight, fat mass, serum fasting glucose, and impaired glucose homeostasis compared with littermate control (LC) mice, although insulin resistance and fasting serum insulin were not significantly changed. Metabolic cage experiments showed no change in O2 consumption, CO2 production, or energy expenditure in obese BMRKO mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to fatty acid metabolism in BAT of BMRKO-HFD mice compared with LC-HFD mice. Moreover, H&E and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that BMRKO exacerbated HFD-induced macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). BMRKO-HFD mice also manifested significantly increased liver weights and hepatic lipid accumulation, an increasing trend of genes related to lipogenesis and lipid uptake, and significantly decreased genes related to lipolytic and fatty acid oxidation in the liver. Finally, the level of insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation was substantially blunted in eWAT but not liver or skeletal muscle of BMRKO-HFD mice compared with LC-HFD mice. These data suggest that BAT MR is required to maintain metabolic homeostasis, likely through its regulation of fatty acid metabolism in BAT and impacts on eWAT and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Mao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Meng
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Teaching Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Alvarez-Gallego F, González-Blázquez R, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B, Calderón-Dominguez M, Moratinos J, Garcia-Garcia V, Fernández P, González-Moreno D, Viana M, Alcalá M. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor as a novel activator of brown adipose tissue in obesity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1106-1120. [PMID: 37286331 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) exerts vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In obesity, its activation counterbalances the adverse cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1R. Preliminary results indicate that it also promotes brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Our hypothesis is that AT2R activation could increase BAT mass and activity in obesity. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or a high-fat (HF) diet for 6 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, (1 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. Electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and UCP1 proteins were measured in the interscapular BAT (iBAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters. Differentiation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of C21 was tested in brown preadipocytes. In vitro, C21-differentiated brown adipocytes showed an AT2R-dependent increase of differentiation markers (Ucp1, Cidea, Pparg) and increased basal and H+ leak-linked OCR. In vivo, HF-C21 mice showed increased iBAT mass compared to HF animals. Both their iBAT and tPVAT showed higher protein levels of the ETC protein complexes and UCP1, together with a reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. The activation of the AT2R increases BAT mass, mitochondrial activity, and reduces markers of tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Therefore, insulin reduction and better vascular responses are achieved. Thus, the activation of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system arises as a promising tool in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Alvarez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderón-Dominguez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Moratinos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Nilaweera KN, Cotter PD. Can dietary proteins selectively reduce either the visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissues? Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13613. [PMID: 37548066 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable appeal for interventions that can selectively reduce either the visceral or subcutaneous white adipose tissues in humans and other species because of their associated impact on outcomes related to metabolic health. Here, we reviewed the data related to the specificity of five interventions to affect the two depots in humans and rodents. The interventions relate to the use of dietary proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calorie restriction, or bariatric surgery. The available data show that calorie restriction and bariatric surgery reduce both visceral and subcutaneous tissues, whereas there is no consistency in the effect of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary proteins, more specifically, whey proteins show efficacy to reduce one or both depots based on how the proteins interact with other macronutrients in the diet. We provide evidence that this specificity is related to changes in the composition and the functional potential of the gut microbiota and the resulting metabolites produced by these microorganisms. The effect of the sex of the host is also discussed. This knowledge may help to develop nutritional approaches to deplete either the visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissues and improve metabolic health in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka N Nilaweera
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Wang Y, Li T, Yang C, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yang X. Eurotium cristatum from Fu Brick Tea Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis by Boosting Colonic Akkermansia muciniphila in High-Fat-Fed Obese Mice. Foods 2023; 12:3716. [PMID: 37893609 PMCID: PMC10606327 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential fat-thermogenic effects of Eurotium cristatum, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The 12-week administration of E. cristatum in HFD-fed obese mice reduced body weight and improved glucolipid metabolism disorders. The administration of E. cristatum also efficiently promoted thermogenesis by increasing the expression of UCP1 and PRDM16 in both interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, E. cristatum shaped the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of Parabacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila, and also elevated the levels of cecal short-chain fatty acids, particularly propionate and acetate. Of note, A. muciniphila was highly negatively correlated with body weight gain (r = -0.801, p < 0.05) and the iWAT index (r = -0.977, p < 0.01), suggesting that A. muciniphila may play an important role in the thermogenic mobilization induced by E. cristatum. Continuous supplementation with A. muciniphila suppressed adipose accumulation, improved glucolipid metabolism, and enhanced the thermogenic activity of iWAT and iBAT. Collectively, our results propose that boosted A. muciniphila acts as a key microbe in tea-derived probiotic E. cristatum-mediated fat-thermogenic and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China (T.L.)
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22
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Jia M, Xu T, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Dietary fatty acids activate or deactivate brown and beige fat. Life Sci 2023; 330:121978. [PMID: 37516433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat have been documented to rapidly consume fatty acids (FAs) rather than deposit of lipid, and they have high capacity to dissipate energy via nonshivering thermogenesis, making BAT and beige fat potential organs to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. As the main substrate for thermogenesis and the basic constituent unit of triacylglycerol, FAs could modify BAT and remodel white adipose tissue (WAT) to beige fat. However, there are few comprehensive review covering the link between dietary FAs and thermogenic adipocyte..In this review, we described the metabolism of thermogenic adipose upon activation and comprehensively summarized publications on the dietary FAs that activate or deactivate BAT and beige fat. Specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA), α-linolenic acid (α-ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OA), long-chain saturated fatty acid (LC-SFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). in addition, the influences on BAT function, WAT remodeling, and lipid metabolism, as well as delineated the possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Characterizing thermogenic or obesogenic dietary FAs may offer novel insight into dietary oil and nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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23
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Aboouf MA, Gorr TA, Hamdy NM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Myoglobin in Brown Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Player in Thermogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37759463 PMCID: PMC10526770 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis by generating heat from chemical energy via uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Besides its high mitochondrial content and its exclusive expression of the uncoupling protein 1, another key feature of BAT is the high expression of myoglobin (MB), a heme-containing protein that typically binds oxygen, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the gas from cell membranes to mitochondria of muscle cells. In addition, MB also modulates nitric oxide (NO•) pools and can bind C16 and C18 fatty acids, which indicates a role in lipid metabolism. Recent studies in humans and mice implicated MB present in BAT in the regulation of lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid shuttling and composition, as well as mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These functions suggest that MB plays an essential role in BAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possible physiological roles played by MB in BAT thermogenesis along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and focus on the question of how BAT-MB expression is regulated and, in turn, how this globin regulates mitochondrial, lipid, and NO• metabolism. Finally, we present potential MB-mediated approaches to augment energy metabolism, which ultimately could help tackle different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Mishra G, Townsend KL. The metabolic and functional roles of sensory nerves in adipose tissues. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1461-1474. [PMID: 37709960 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of adipose tissue is critical for the maintenance of energy balance and whole-body metabolism. The peripheral nervous system provides bidirectional neural communication between the brain and adipose tissue, thereby providing homeostatic control. Most research on adipose innervation and nerve functions has been limited to the sympathetic nerves and their neurotransmitter norepinephrine. In recent years, more work has focused on adipose sensory nerves, but the contributions of subsets of sensory nerves to metabolism and the specific roles contributed by sensory neuropeptides are still understudied. Advances in imaging of adipose innervation and newer tissue denervation techniques have confirmed that sensory nerves contribute to the regulation of adipose functions, including lipolysis and browning. Here, we summarize the historical and latest findings on the regulation, function and plasticity of adipose tissue sensory nerves that contribute to metabolically important processes such as lipolysis, vascular control and sympathetic axis cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mishra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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25
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Norberto S, Assalin HB, Guadagnini D, Tobar N, Boer PA, Kang MC, Saad MJA, Kim YB, Prada PO. CLK2 in GABAergic neurons is critical in regulating energy balance and anxiety-like behavior in a gender-specific fashion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172835. [PMID: 37635967 PMCID: PMC10449579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cdc2-like kinase (CLK2) is a member of CLK kinases expressed in hypothalamic neurons and is activated in response to refeeding, leptin, or insulin. Diet-induced obesity and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice lack CLK2 signal in the hypothalamic neurons. The neurotransmiter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is among the most prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the hypothalamus. Given the abundance of GABA-expressing neurons and their potential influence on regulating energy and behavioral homeostasis, we aimed to explore whether the deletion of CLK2 in GABAergic neurons alters energy homeostasis and behavioral and cognitive functions in both genders of mice lacking CLK2 in Vgat-expressing neurons (Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP) on chow diet. Methods We generated mice lacking Clk2 in Vgat-expressing neurons (Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP) by mating Clk2loxP/loxP mice with Vgat-IRES-Cre transgenic mice and employed behavior, and physiological tests, and molecular approaches to investigate energy metabolism and behavior phenotype of both genders. Results and discussion We showed that deletion of CLK2 in GABAergic neurons increased adiposity and food intake in females. The mechanisms behind these effects were likely due, at least in part, to hypothalamic insulin resistance and upregulation of hypothalamic Npy and Agrp expression. Besides normal insulin and pyruvate sensitivity, Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP females were glucose intolerant. Male Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice showed an increased energy expenditure (EE). Risen EE may account for avoiding weight and fat mass gain in male Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice. Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice had no alteration in cognition or memory functions in both genders. Interestingly, deleting CLK2 in GABAergic neurons changed anxiety-like behavior only in females, not males. These findings suggest that CLK2 in GABAergic neurons is critical in regulating energy balance and anxiety-like behavior in a gender-specific fashion and could be a molecular therapeutic target for combating obesity associated with psychological disorders in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Norberto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Balan Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fetal Programming Laboratory, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Instute, Jeollabuk-do, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Max-Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
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26
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Gou X, Qin L, Wu D, Xie J, Lu Y, Zhang Q, He Y. Research Progress of Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 in Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2023; 28:5870. [PMID: 37570840 PMCID: PMC10421342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are acknowledged as signaling molecules involved in metabolic syndrome. The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) functions as a significant bile acid receptor. The accumulated evidence suggests that TGR5 involves lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation regulation. In line with this, recent preclinical studies also demonstrate that TGR5 plays a significant role in the generation and progression of metabolic syndrome, encompassing type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we discuss the role of TGR5 in metabolic syndrome, illustrating the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Gou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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27
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Martí-Pàmies Í, Thoonen R, Morley M, Graves L, Tamez J, Caplan A, McDaid K, Yao V, Hindle A, Gerszten RE, Laurie A. Farrell, Li L, Tseng YH, Profeta G, Buys ES, Bloch DB, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Brown Adipose Tissue and BMP3b Decrease Injury in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion. Circ Res 2023; 133:353-365. [PMID: 37462036 PMCID: PMC10528340 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatment, myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure and death worldwide, with both ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causing cardiac injury. A previous study using a mouse model of nonreperfused MI showed activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent studies showed that molecules secreted by BAT target the heart. We investigated whether BAT attenuates cardiac injury in I/R and sought to identify potential cardioprotective proteins secreted by BAT. METHODS Myocardial I/R surgery with or without BAT transplantation was performed in wild-type (WT) mice and in mice with impaired BAT function (uncoupling protein 1 [Ucp1]-deficient mice). To identify potential cardioprotective factors produced by BAT, RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) was performed in BAT from WT and Ucp1-/- mice. Subsequently, myocardial I/R surgery with or without BAT transplantation was performed in Bmp3b (bone morphogenetic protein 3b)-deficient mice, and WT mice subjected to myocardial I/R were treated using BMP3b. RESULTS Dysfunction of BAT in mice was associated with larger MI size after I/R; conversely, augmenting BAT by transplantation decreased MI size. We identified Bmp3b as a protein secreted by BAT after I/R. Compared with WT mice, Bmp3b-deficient mice developed larger MIs. Increasing functional BAT by transplanting BAT from WT mice to Bmp3b-deficient mice reduced I/R injury whereas transplanting BAT from Bmp3b-deficient mice did not. Treatment of WT mice with BMP3b before reperfusion decreased MI size. The cardioprotective effect of BMP3b was mediated through SMAD1/5/8. In humans, the plasma level of BMP3b increased after MI and was positively correlated with the extent of cardiac injury. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest a cardioprotective role of BAT and BMP3b, a protein secreted by BAT, in a model of I/R injury. Interventions increasing BMP3b levels or targeting Smad 1/5 may represent novel therapeutic approaches to decrease myocardial damage in I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íngrid Martí-Pàmies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robrecht Thoonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Morley
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Graves
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jesus Tamez
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alex Caplan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kendra McDaid
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vincent Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Allyson Hindle
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laurie A. Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerson Profeta
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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29
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Amin A, Badenes M, Tüshaus J, de Carvalho É, Burbridge E, Faísca P, Trávníčková K, Barros A, Carobbio S, Domingos PM, Vidal-Puig A, Moita LF, Maguire S, Stříšovský K, Ortega FJ, Fernández-Real JM, Lichtenthaler SF, Adrain C. Semaphorin 4B is an ADAM17-cleaved adipokine that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101731. [PMID: 37121509 PMCID: PMC10197113 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We used histopathology, molecular, proteomic, transcriptomic, in vivo integrative physiological and ex vivo biochemical approaches to determine the impact of adipose tissue-specific deletion of ADAM17 upon adipocyte and whole organism metabolic physiology. RESULTS ADAM17adipoq-creΔ/Δ mice exhibited a hypermetabolic phenotype characterized by elevated energy consumption and increased levels of adipocyte thermogenic gene expression. On a high fat diet, these mice were more thermogenic, while exhibiting elevated expression levels of genes associated with lipid oxidation and lipolysis. This hypermetabolic phenotype protected mutant mice from obesogenic challenge, limiting weight gain, hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, a key regulator of adipocyte physiology, triggered the shedding of ADAM17 substrates, and regulated ADAM17 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, hence identifying a functional connection between thermogenic licensing and the regulation of ADAM17. Proteomic studies identified Semaphorin 4B (SEMA4B), as a novel ADAM17-shed adipokine, whose expression is regulated by physiological thermogenic cues, that acts to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and dampen thermogenic responses in adipocytes. Transcriptomic data showed that cleaved SEMA4B acts in an autocrine manner in brown adipocytes to repress the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid uptake, storage and catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel ADAM17-dependent axis, regulated by beta-adrenoceptors and mediated by the ADAM17-cleaved form of SEMA4B, that modulates energy balance in adipocytes by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Nursing, Polytechnic Institute of Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emma Burbridge
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Květa Trávníčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - André Barros
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Kvido Stříšovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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Xu T, Wang J, Shi H, Wei X, Zhang H, Ji Y, Lu S, Yan Y, Yu X, Luo X, Wang H. CCE and EODF as two distinct non-shivering thermogenesis models inducing weight loss. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02827-7. [PMID: 37386129 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake are considered two classical methods to induce weight loss. Weight loss through physical methods instead of drugs has been a popular research topic nowadays, but how these methods function in adipose and cause weight loss in body remains unclear. In this study, we set up chronic cold exposure (CCE) and every-other-day fasting (EODF) as two distinct models in long-term treatment to induce weight loss, recording their own characteristics in changes of body temperature and metabolism. We investigated the different types of non-shivering thermogenesis induced by CCE and EODF in white and brown adipose tissue through sympathetic nervous system (SNS), creatine-driven pathway, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-adiponectin axis. CCE and EODF could reduce body weight, lipid composition, increase insulin sensitivity, promote the browning of white fat, and increase the expression of endogenous FGF21 in adipose tissue. CCE stimulated the SNS and increased the thermogenic function of brown fat, and EODF increased the activity of protein kinase in white fat. In this study, we further explained the thermogenic mechanism function in adipose and metabolic benefits of the stable phenotype through physical treatments used for weight loss, providing more details for the literature on weight loss models. The influence on metabolism, non-shivering thermogenesis, endogenous FGF21, and ADPN changes in the long-term treatment of distinct methods (increasing energy expenditure and decreasing energy intake) to induce weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hosptial, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Lu
- School of Foreign Languages, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Sarlon J, Partonen T, Lang UE. Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196029. [PMID: 37360180 PMCID: PMC10288144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchronizations are associated with psychiatric disorders as well as with higher suicidal risk. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in the regulation of body temperature and contributes to the homeostasis of the metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle or central nervous system. BAT is under neuronal, hormonal and immune control and secrets batokines: i.e., autocrine, paracrine and endocrine active substances. Moreover, BAT is involved in circadian system. Light, ambient temperature as well as exogen substances interact with BAT. Thus, a dysregulation of BAT can indirectly worsen psychiatric conditions and the risk of suicide, as one of previously suggested explanations for the seasonality of suicide rate. Furthermore, overactivation of BAT is associated with lower body weight and lower level of blood lipids. Reduced body mass index (BMI) or decrease in BMI respectively, as well as lower triglyceride concentrations were found to correlate with higher risk of suicide, however the findings are inconclusive. Hyperactivation or dysregulation of BAT in relation to the circadian system as a possible common factor is discussed. Interestingly, substances with proven efficacy in reducing suicidal risk, like clozapine or lithium, interact with BAT. The effects of clozapine on fat tissue are stronger and might differ qualitatively from other antipsychotics; however, the significance remains unclear. We suggest that BAT is involved in the brain/environment homeostasis and deserves attention from a psychiatric point of view. Better understanding of circadian disruptions and its mechanisms can contribute to personalized diagnostic and therapy as well as better assessment of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sarlon
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Al-Samerria S, Radovick S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119556. [PMID: 37298507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide, and GH and IGF-1 have been studied as potential therapeutic targets for managing this condition. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive view of the interplay between GH and IGF-1 and metabolism within the context of obesity. We conducted a systematic review of the literature that was published from 1993 to 2023, using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies that investigated the effects of GH and IGF-1 on adipose tissue metabolism, energy balance, and weight regulation in humans and animals. Our review highlights the physiological functions of GH and IGF-1 in adipose tissue metabolism, including lipolysis and adipogenesis. We also discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of these hormones on energy balance, such as their influence on insulin sensitivity and appetite regulation. Additionally, we summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GH and IGF-1 as therapeutic targets for managing obesity, including in pharmacological interventions and hormone replacement therapy. Finally, we address the challenges and limitations of targeting GH and IGF-1 in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmed Al-Samerria
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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33
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Jin Z, Meng W, Xiao T, Deng J, Wang J, Wen J, Chen K, Wang L, Liu J, Li Q, He J, Wang Z, Liu W, Liu F. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy-derived gut metabolite licoricidin activates beige fat thermogenesis to combat obesity. Theranostics 2023; 13:3103-3116. [PMID: 37284437 PMCID: PMC10240825 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease, affecting individuals throughout the world. Bariatric surgery such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) provides sustained weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice and humans. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential roles and the mechanisms of action of gut metabolites in VSG-induced anti-obesity effect and metabolic improvement. Methods: High-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice were subjected to VSG. Energy dissipation in mice was monitored using metabolic cage experiments. The effects of VSG on gut microbiota and metabolites were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics, respectively. The metabolic beneficial effects of the identified gut metabolites were examined in mice by both oral administration and fat pad injection of the metabolites. Results: VSG in mice greatly increased thermogenic gene expression in beige fat, which was correlated with increased energy expenditure. VSG reshaped gut microbiota composition, resulting in elevated levels of gut metabolites including licoricidin. Licoricidin treatment promoted thermogenic gene expression in beige fat by activating the Adrb3-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, leading to reduced body weight gain in HFD-fed mice. Conclusions: We identify licoricidin, which mediates the crosstalk between gut and adipose tissue in mice, as a VSG-provoked anti-obesity metabolite. Identification of anti-obesity small molecules should provide new insights into treatment options for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliu Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangming Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Juanhong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qingxin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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35
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Kim HJ, Kim M. Diallyl disulfide alleviates hypercholesterolemia induced by a western diet by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:141. [PMID: 37138269 PMCID: PMC10155326 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. ER stress refers to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which can trigger an unfolded protein response for survival or death in the cells. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major active compound in garlic, has many health benefits for patients with metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular or fatty liver diseases. However, its role in attenuating hypercholesterolemia by suppressing ER stress remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we determined whether DADS supplementation could reduce ER stress in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a Western-type diet (WD). METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed either a WD alone or a WD supplemented with 0.1% DADS for 12 weeks (n = 10). Levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, and insulin were determined. Western blotting was performed to measure protein levels involved in ER stress markers. Histology and Immunostaining were performed on aortic root sections to confirm the effect of DADS on histology and expression of ER chaperone protein GRP78. RESULTS The metabolic parameters showed that increases in fat weight, leptin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia were reversed in DADS-supplemented mice (p < 0.05). In addition, DADS ameliorated not only the protein of ER stress markers, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha and C/EBP homologous protein in the liver (p < 0.05) but also glucose-related protein 78 localization in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that DADS inhibits diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, at least in parts by regulating ER stress markers. DADS may be a good candidate for treating individuals with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Nam-Gu, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Guo X, Hu J, He G, Chen J, Yang Y, Qin D, Li C, Huang Z, Hu D, Wei C, Wang F, Yu B. Loss of APOO (MIC26) aggravates obesity-related whitening of brown adipose tissue via PPARα-mediated functional interplay between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155564. [PMID: 37088120 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant structure in adipose tissue occur in obesity and obesity-linked brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening; however, whether this aberrant architecture contributes to or is the result of obesity is unknown. Apolipoprotein O (APOO) is a constitutive protein of the mitochondrial cristae organizing system complex. This study aimed to characterize the physiological consequences of APOO deficiency in vivo. METHODS APOO expression was analyzed in different human and murine adipose depots, and mice lacking APOO in adipocytes (ApooACKO) are developed to examine the metabolic consequences of adipocyte-specific APOO ablation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Results showed that APOO expression is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. APOO-knockout mice showed increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction and whitening, reduced non-shivering thermogenesis, and blunted responses to cold stimuli. APOO deficiency disrupted mitochondrial structure in brown adipocytes and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, thereby inducing a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, increasing lipogenic enzyme levels and BAT whitening. APOO inactivation inhibited thermogenesis in BAT by reducing mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. It also disturbed peroxisomal biogenesis and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, APOO deficiency in adipocytes aggravates BAT whitening and diet-induced obesity; thus, APOO could be a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Donglu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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37
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Chen C, Liu L, Zhong Y, Wang M, Ai Y, Hou Y, Chen H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Ding M, Luo T, Li J, Li X, Xiao X. Gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis contributes the resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109358. [PMID: 37085058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In human and rodents, some individuals may remain lean even when they are challenged with high calorie intake. The underlying mechanism for resistance to diet-induced obesity was poorly understood. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to establish animal models of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity sensitive (DIO) mice and obesity resistant (DIR) mice. We then investigated the role of gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in the development of DIR. Reduced fat accumulation, increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure through BAT activation were observed in DIR mice. The plasma BAs of DIR mice especially the unconjugated BAs were significantly decreased, while intestine tauro-conjugated bile acids (T-CA, T-β-MCA, T-ω-MCA and T-UDCA) were significantly increased in DIR mice. The composition of the gut flora also changed drastically, and negative correlation was found between metabolic profiles (plasma TG, TC, LDL and body weight) and the abundance of Ruminiclostridium in DIR mice, while genus Anaerotruncus abundance in DOR mice was found to be positively correlated. After fecal microbiota transplants, HFD fed recipient mice exhibited a trend toward reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, while showing increased serum tauro-conjugated BAs levels. STC-1 cell experiments confirmed tauro-conjugated BA (T-β-MCA) activated FXR/TGR5 pathway and induced the production of GLP-1, inhibiting genes that regulate the ceramide synthesis. Our results indicated that the DIR mice exhibited higher energy expenditure by activating BAT thermogenesis, which may be related altered gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miaoran Wang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanbiao Ai
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Hou
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Experimental Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Świątkiewicz I, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Woźniak A. The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076382. [PMID: 37047352 PMCID: PMC10094567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of CVD is mostly attributed to the aging population and common occurrence of risk factors, such as high systolic blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and increased body mass index, which led to a global epidemic of obesity, MetS, and T2D. Oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders largely contribute to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CMDs, such as systemic essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and MetS. Enhanced and disturbed generation of reactive oxygen species in excess adipose tissue during obesity may lead to increased oxidative stress. Understanding the interplay between adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic risks can have translational impacts, leading to the identification of novel effective strategies for reducing the CMDs burden. The present review article is based on extant results from basic and clinical studies and specifically addresses the various aspects associated with oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders in the course of CMDs in subjects with excess adipose tissue accumulation. We aim at giving a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives for further basic and clinical research. We provide insights into both the mechanisms and clinical implications of effects related to the interplay between adiposity and oxidative stress for treating and preventing CMDs. Future basic research and clinical trials are needed to further examine the mechanisms of adiposity-enhanced oxidative stress in CMDs and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies for reducing risk and improving outcome of patients with CMDs.
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Andrzejczak A, Witkowicz A, Kujawa D, Skrypnik D, Szulińska M, Bogdański P, Łaczmański Ł, Karabon L. NGS Sequencing Reveals New UCP1 Gene Variants Potentially Associated with MetS and/or T2DM Risk in the Polish Population—A Preliminary Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040789. [PMID: 37107547 PMCID: PMC10137642 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS) including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and obesity increased over 10 times through the last 30 years and it is a severe public health concern worldwide. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a mitochondrial carrier protein found only in brown adipose tissue involved in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Several studies showed an association between UCP1 variants and the susceptibility to MetS, T2DM, and/or obesity in various populations; all these studies were, however, limited to a few selected polymorphisms. The present study aimed to search within the entire UCP1 gene for new variants potentially associated with MetS and/or T2DM risk. We performed NGS sequencing of the entire UCP1 gene in 59 MetS patients including 29 T2DM patients, and 36 controls using the MiSeq platform. An analysis of allele and genotype distribution revealed nine variations which seem to be interesting in the context of MetS and fifteen in the context of T2DM. Altogether, we identified 12 new variants, among which only rs3811787 was investigated previously by others. Thereby, NGS sequencing revealed new intriguing UCP1 gene variants potentially associated with MetS and/or T2DM risk in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejczak
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Witkowicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Xue S, Lee D, Berry DC. Thermogenic adipose tissue in energy regulation and metabolic health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150059. [PMID: 37020585 PMCID: PMC10067564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate thermogenic fat could be a targeted therapy to thwart obesity and improve metabolic health. Brown and beige adipocytes are two types of thermogenic fat cells that regulate energy balance. Both adipocytes share common morphological, biochemical, and thermogenic properties. Yet, recent evidence suggests unique features exist between brown and beige adipocytes, such as their cellular origin and thermogenic regulatory processes. Beige adipocytes also appear highly plastic, responding to environmental stimuli and interconverting between beige and white adipocyte states. Additionally, beige adipocytes appear to be metabolically heterogenic and have substrate specificity. Nevertheless, obese and aged individuals cannot develop beige adipocytes in response to thermogenic fat-inducers, creating a key clinical hurdle to their therapeutic promise. Thus, elucidating the underlying developmental, molecular, and functional mechanisms that govern thermogenic fat cells will improve our understanding of systemic energy regulation and strive for new targeted therapies to generate thermogenic fat. This review will examine the recent advances in thermogenic fat biogenesis, molecular regulation, and the potential mechanisms for their failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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41
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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42
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Blokhin ME, Kuranov SO, Khvostov MV, Fomenko VV, Luzina OA, Zhukova NA, Elhajjar C, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Terpene-Containing Analogues of Glitazars as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2230-2247. [PMID: 36975514 PMCID: PMC10047834 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex of abnormalities involving impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, which needs effective pharmacotherapy. One way to reduce lipid and glucose levels associated with this pathology is the simultaneous activation of nuclear PPAR-alpha and gamma. For this purpose, we synthesized a number of potential agonists based on the pharmacophore fragment of glitazars with the inclusion of mono- or diterpenic moiety in the molecular structure. The study of their pharmacological activity in mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (C57Bl/6Ay) revealed one substance that was capable of reducing the triglyceride levels in the liver and adipose tissue of mice by enhancing their catabolism and expressing a hypoglycemic effect connected with the sensitization of mice tissue to insulin. It has also been shown to have no toxic effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Blokhin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey O Kuranov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Khvostov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Fomenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga A Luzina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Zhukova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Cham Elhajjar
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Castellá M, Villarroya F. Brown fat. Med Clin (Barc) 2023:S0025-7753(23)00050-7. [PMID: 36868963 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Castellá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, España
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, España.
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45
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Wang X, Wu B, Sun G, Gao J, Huang T, Liu J, Zhou Q, He X, Zhang S, Wang CY, Zhang Z, Zhu H. Dietary selenomethionine attenuates obesity by enhancing beiging process in white adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109230. [PMID: 36435293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced nutrient intake causes abnormal energy metabolism, which results in obesity. There is feasible evidence that selenium-rich (Se-rich) foods may alleviate obesity and enhance general public health, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein we examined the effect of Se supplementation on white adipose tissue beiging process. The mice were fed with a normal diet or a Se-deficient high-fat diet (DHFD) until significant differences in terms of body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Next, mice in the DHFD group were changed to a high-fat diet (HFD) containing specified amounts of selenomethionine (SeMet) (0, 150, 300, and 600 μg/kg) and continued to feed for 14 weeks. Notably, 150 μg/kg SeMet supplement highly protected mice from DHFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid deposits in the liver and kidney, and featured by the enhanced beiging process in white adipose tissue and increased energy expenditure. Moreover, upon cold challenge, 150 μg/kg SeMet supplement enhanced cold tolerance in mice by inducing adipose beiging to promote energy expenditure, as evidenced by the increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in adipocytes. Similarly, SeMet (10 μM) promoted the differentiation of beige adipocytes from the stromal vascular fraction. Collectively, our data support that optimal supplementation of SeMet could enhance the beiging process to attenuate HFD-induced obesity, which provides new insights into the relationship between dietary SeMet and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Wu
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Guogen Sun
- Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Gao
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Huang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zixiong Zhang
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, Enshi, Hubei, China.
| | - He Zhu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Wang Y. Multidisciplinary Advances Address the Challenges in Developing Drugs against Transient Receptor Potential Channels to Treat Metabolic Disorders. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200562. [PMID: 36530131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels that regulate key physiological and pathological processes in response to a broad range of stimuli. Moreover, they systemically regulate the release of hormones, metabolic homeostasis, and complications of diabetes, which positions them as promising therapeutic targets to combat metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, there are significant challenges in the design of TRP ligands with high potency and durability. Herein we summarize the four challenges as hydrophobicity, selectivity, mono-target therapy, and interspecies discrepancy. We present 1134 TRP ligands with diversified modes of TRP-ligand interaction and provide a detailed discussion of the latest strategies, especially cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational methods. We propose solutions to address the challenges with a critical analysis of advances in membrane partitioning, polypharmacology, biased agonism, and biochemical screening of transcriptional modulators. They are fueled by the breakthrough from cryo-EM, chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. The discussion is aimed to shed new light on designing next-generation drugs to treat obesity, diabetes and its complications, with optimal hydrophobicity, higher mode selectivity, multi-targeting and consistent activities between human and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Gu P, Gong Z, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Zhu Y. The effect of Xuezhikang capsule on gene expression profile in brown adipose tissue of obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115700. [PMID: 36126782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a critical threat to global health, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for the treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Xuezhikang Capsule (XZK), an extract of red yeast rice, has remarkable clinical efficacy and is widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. However, its modulatory effect on BAT remains unknown. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of XZK in the obese spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model by evaluating the regulatory effect of XZK on the BAT gene profile through transcriptome sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SHRs were randomly divided into four groups: the standard chow diet (STD) group, the STD supplemented with 126 mg/kg of XZK group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group, and the HFD supplemented with 126 mg/kg of XZK group. All SHRs were fed for 18 weeks. The metabolic phenotypes, including body weight, fat mass, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and serum glucose and lipid levels, was evaluated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining was performed to evaluate the adipose tissue histopathological phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to determine the mechanism by which XZK improves the metabolic phenotype and the expression of key differential expression genes was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS XZK inhibited HFD-induced weight gain and adipose tissue remodeling in SHRs and prevented hypertrophy of epididymal adipocytes and maintained the brown fat phenotype. XZK intervention also improved glucose and lipid metabolism in SHRs, as suggested by a reduction in serum triglyceride (TG), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as well as increasing in serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed the regulatory effect of XZK on the gene expression profile of BAT, and the expression patterns of 45 genes were reversed by the XZK intervention. Additionally, the results of the transcriptome analysis of 10 genes that are important for brown fat function were in line with the results of qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS XZK protected SHRs from HFD-induced obesity, inhibited fat accumulation and improved glucolipid metabolism. Additionally, the protective effect of XZK on the overall metabolism of obese SHRs might partly be related to its regulatory effect on the BAT gene expression profile. These findings might provide novel therapeutic strategies for obesity-related metabolic diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuning Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiuming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Departmentt of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiang, PR China.
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032684. [PMID: 36769012 PMCID: PMC9917048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that decreases in plasma leptin levels, as with fasting, signal starvation and elicit appropriate physiological responses, such as increasing the drive to eat and decreasing energy expenditure. These responses are mediated largely by suppression of the actions of leptin in the hypothalamus, most notably on arcuate nucleus (ArcN) orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons and anorexic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. However, the question addressed in this review is whether the effects of increased leptin levels are also significant on the long-term control of energy balance, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary. We focus on leptin's actions (in both lean and obese individuals) to decrease food intake, increase sympathetic nerve activity, and support the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with particular attention to sex differences. We also elaborate on obesity-induced inflammation and its role in the altered actions of leptin during obesity.
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50
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Heo SW, Chung KS, Yoon YS, Kim SY, Ahn HS, Shin YK, Lee SH, Lee KT. Standardized Ethanol Extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino Ameliorates Obesity via Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030613. [PMID: 36771320 PMCID: PMC9920205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major cause of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, posing a threat to public health worldwide. Here, we analyzed the anti-obesity effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino (EECM) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with EECM suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway by downregulating the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, and fatty acid synthase and upregulating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase. EECM inhibited mitotic clonal expansion during early adipocyte differentiation. Oral administration of EECM for 10 weeks significantly alleviated body weight gain and body fat accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. EECM mitigated adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in white adipose and liver tissues of HFD-induced obese mice. It regulated the levels of adipogenic hormones including insulin, leptin, and adipokine in the blood plasma. In brown adipose tissue, EECM induced the expression of thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein-1, PPAR-α, PPARγ co-activator-1α, sirtuin 1, and cytochrome c oxidase IV. EECM restored the gut microbiome composition at the phylum level and alleviated dysbiosis. Therefore, EECM may be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Shin Ahn
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
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