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Long SR, Shang WX, Zhang HR, Jiang M, Wang JJ, Liu RD, Wang ZQ, Cui J, Sun H. Trichinella-derived protein ameliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and improving intestinal barrier function. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111320. [PMID: 38064817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Reports have highlighted the potential use of helminths or their byproducts as a possible treatment for IBD; however, the mechanisms underlying their ability to modulate inflammation remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we analyze the possible mechanism of a serine protease inhibitor from adult T. spiralis excretion-secretion products (rTsSPI) on the improvement of colitis. METHODS The immune protective effect of rTsSPI was studied by using DSS or Salmonella-induced colitis in female C56BL/6 mice. The effect of rTsSPI on the immune and inflammatory responses, gut microbiota, permeability of colon epithelium and junction proteins was analyzed. RESULTS Treating mice with rTsSPI induced type 2 immunity and significantly attenuated clinical symptoms, macroscopical and histological features of DSS or bacteria-induced colonic inflammation. This was accompanied by decreasing neutrophil recruitment in the colonic lamina propria, and reducing TNF-α mRNA levels in the colon; in contrast, the recruitment of M2 macrophages, the expression level of IL-10 and adhesion molecules increased in the colon tissue. Moreover, treatment with rTsSPI led to an improvement in gut microbiota diversity, as well as an increase in the abundance of the bacterial genera Bifidobacterium and Ruminclostridium 5. CONCLUSIONS Collective findings suggest that pretreatment with rTsSPI can ameliorate colitis in mice by inducing a Th2-type response with M2 macrophages. Data also indicate that immunotherapy with rTsSPI represents an additional strategy to ameliorate inflammatory processes in IBD by enhancing probiotic colonization and maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wen Xuan Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hui Ran Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Hualei Sun
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Ngcamphalala PI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics (Non-Targeted) of Induced Type 2 Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Comorbid with a Tissue-Dwelling Nematode Parasite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17211. [PMID: 38139040 PMCID: PMC10743009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic syndrome that is characterized by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Both animal and human studies have been conducted, demonstrating that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a paucity of information on the impact that helminths have on the metabolome of the host and how the infection ameliorates T2DM or its progression. Therefore, this study aimed at using a non-targeted metabolomics approach to systematically identify differentiating metabolites from serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infected with a tissue-dwelling nematode, Trichinella zimbabwensis, and determine the metabolic pathways impacted during comorbidity. Forty-five male SD rats with a body weight between 160 g and 180 g were used, and these were randomly selected into control (non-diabetic and not infected with T. zimbabwensis) (n = 15) and T2DM rats infected with T. zimbabwensis (TzDM) (n = 30). The results showed metabolic separation between the two groups, where d-mannitol, d-fructose, and glucose were upregulated in the TzDM group, when compared to the control group. L-tyrosine, glycine, diglycerol, L-lysine, and L-hydroxyproline were downregulated in the TzDM group when compared to the control group. Metabolic pathways which were highly impacted in the TzDM group include biotin metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and lactose degradation. We conclude from our study that infecting T2DM rats with a tissue-dwelling nematode, T. zimbabwensis, causes a shift in the metabolome, causing changes in different metabolic pathways. Additionally, the infection showed the potential to regulate or improve diabetes complications by causing a decrease in the amino acid concentration that results in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Philile Ignecious Ngcamphalala
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Andre’ Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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3
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Dasan B, Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Menon PA, Ahamed SF, Nott S, Babu S. Hookworm infection induces glycometabolic modulation in South Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes. IJID Reg 2023; 9:18-24. [PMID: 37745942 PMCID: PMC10514067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between helminth infections and diabetes mellitus, suggesting that helminth infection may have a positive effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between hookworm infection and T2DM has barely been studied. Hence, we aimed to investigate and analyze the interaction and association between hookworm infection and T2DM. Methods We examined the effect of hookworm infection on biochemical parameters, including plasma random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and the plasma levels of pancreatic hormones, incretins, and adipokines in individuals with T2DM with (INF, n = 35) or without (UN, n = 35) hookworm infection. Moreover, we re-evaluated these analyte concentrations in a subset of INF individuals 6 months following anthelmintic therapy. Results Compared to UN individuals, INF individuals had significantly lowered levels of random blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. INF individuals also exhibited significantly diminished levels of adiponectin, adipsin, C-peptide, insulin, and glucagon compared to UN individuals. In contrast, INF individuals displayed substantially elevated levels of visfatin and incretins compared to UN individuals. Interestingly, this effect was not seen following anthelmintic treatment. Conclusion Our study findings indicate that concomitant hookworm infection exerts a beneficial effect on glycometabolic parameters in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Dasan
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - S Fayaz Ahamed
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Nott
- Infectious Diseases, Dignity Health, Chandler, USA
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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4
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Jeerawattanawart S, Hansakon A, Roytrakul S, Angkasekwinai P. Regulation and function of adiponectin in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to Trichinella spiralis infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14004. [PMID: 37635188 PMCID: PMC10460792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides metabolic homeostasis regulation, adipokines are recently emerged as important players in regulating immunity and inflammation. Helminth infection has known to modulate circulating adipokine secretion; however, the regulation and function of adipokines in response to helminth infection is still unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of adiponectin during T. spiralis infection. While there was no change in circulating level of adiponectin, we found an increased adiponectin, but not leptin expression in the small intestine. Interestingly, the intestinal adiponectin expression was strongly associated with the expression of epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP following infection. Indeed, mice deficiency of IL-25 receptor exhibited no intestinal adiponectin induction upon helminth infection. Interestingly, IL-25-induced adiponectin modulated intestinal epithelial cell responses by enhancing occludin and CCL17 expression. Using LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunctions in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, adiponectin pretreatment enhanced a Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and occludin expression. More importantly, adiponectin pretreatment of Caco2 cells prevented T. spiralis larval invasion in vitro and its administration during infection enhanced intestinal IL-13 secretion and worm expulsion in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest that intestinal adiponectin expression induced by helminth infection through the regulation of IL-25 promotes worm clearance and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siranart Jeerawattanawart
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Adithap Hansakon
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
- Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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5
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Pierce DR, McDonald M, Merone L, Becker L, Thompson F, Lewis C, Ryan RYM, Hii SF, Zendejas-Heredia PA, Traub RJ, Field MA, Rahman T, Croese J, Loukas A, McDermott R, Giacomin PR. Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4503. [PMID: 37495576 PMCID: PMC10372076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in countries with endemic parasitic worm infections suggests a protective role for worms against metabolic disorders, however clinical evidence has been non-existent. This 2-year randomised, double-blinded clinical trial in Australia of hookworm infection in 40 male and female adults at risk of type 2 diabetes assessed the safety and potential metabolic benefits of treatment with either 20 (n = 14) or 40 (n = 13) Necator americanus larvae (L3) or Placebo (n = 13) (Registration ACTRN12617000818336). Primary outcome was safety defined by adverse events and completion rate. Homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose and body mass were key secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in hookworm-treated participants, where 44% experienced expected gastrointestinal symptoms, but completion rates were comparable to Placebo. Fasting glucose and insulin resistance were lowered in both hookworm-treated groups at 1 year, and body mass was reduced after L3-20 treatment at 2 years. This study suggests hookworm infection is safe in people at risk of type 2 diabetes and associated with improved insulin resistance, warranting further exploration of the benefits of hookworms on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris R Pierce
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm McDonald
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Lea Merone
- College of Health Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fintan Thompson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chris Lewis
- College of Health Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachael Y M Ryan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Sze Fui Hii
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patsy A Zendejas-Heredia
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Traub
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew A Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Rahman
- The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Croese
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Robyn McDermott
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul R Giacomin
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
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Pirzgalska RM, Veiga-Fernandes H. Type 2 neuroimmune circuits in the shaping of physiology. Immunity 2023; 56:695-703. [PMID: 37044060 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses drive a broad range of biological processes including defense from large parasites, immunity to allergens, and non-immunity-related functions, such as metabolism and tissue homeostasis. The symptoms provoked by type 2 immunity, such as vomiting, coughing or itching, encompass nervous system triggering. Here, we review recent findings that place type 2 neuroimmune circuits at the center stage of immunity at barrier surfaces. We emphasize the homeostatic functions of these circuitries and how deregulation may drive pathology and impact disease outcomes, including in the context of cancer. We discuss a paradigm wherein type 2 neuroimmune circuits are central regulators of organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana M Pirzgalska
- Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
- Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12949. [PMID: 36063358 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Humans have co-existed with parasites for virtually the entirety of our existence as a species. Today, nearly one third of the human population is infected with at least one helminthic species, most of which reside in the intestinal tract, where they have co-evolved alongside the human gut microbiota (GM). Appreciation for the interconnected relationship between helminths and GM has increased in recent years. Here, we review the evidence of how helminths and GM can influence various aspects of childhood development and the onset of paediatric diseases. We discuss the emerging evidence of how many of the changes that parasitic worms inflict on their host is enacted through gut microbes. In this light, we argue that helminth-induced microbiota modifications are of great importance in both facing the global challenge of overcoming parasitic infections, and in replicating helminthic protective effects against inflammatory diseases. We propose that deepening our knowledge of helminth-microbiota interactions will uncover novel, safer and more effective therapeutic strategies in combatting an array of childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Pham K, Mertelsmann A, Mages K, Kingery JR, Mazigo HD, Jaka H, Kalokola F, Changalucha JM, Kapiga S, Peck RN, Downs JA. Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011022. [PMID: 36827239 PMCID: PMC9956023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, helminth infections and cardiometabolic diseases often overlap in populations and individuals. Neither the causal relationship between helminth infections and cardiometabolic diseases nor the effect of helminth eradication on cardiometabolic risk have been reviewed systematically in a large number of human and animal studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review assessing the reported effects of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on the development and/or severity of cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors. The search was limited to the most prevalent human helminths worldwide. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42021228610). Searches were performed on December 10, 2020 and rerun on March 2, 2022 using Ovid MEDLINE ALL (1946 to March 2, 2022), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, and Ovid Embase (1974 to March 2, 2022). Randomized clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and animal studies were included. Two reviewers performed screening independently. RESULTS Eighty-four animal and human studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies reported on lipids (45), metabolic syndrome (38), and diabetes (30), with fewer on blood pressure (18), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (11), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, 5), and non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (4). Fifteen different helminth infections were represented. On average, helminth-infected participants had less dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eleven studies examined anthelmintic treatment, of which 9 (82%) reported post-treatment increases in dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes or glucose levels. Results from animal and human studies were generally consistent. No consistent effects of helminth infections on blood pressure, hsCRP, or cardiac function were reported except some trends towards association of schistosome infection with lower blood pressure. The vast majority of evidence linking helminth infections to lower cardiometabolic diseases was reported in those with schistosome infections. CONCLUSIONS Helminth infections may offer protection against dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This protection may lessen after anthelmintic treatment. Our findings highlight the need for mechanistic trials to determine the pathways linking helminth infections with cardiometabolic diseases. Such studies could have implications for helminth eradication campaigns and could generate new strategies to address the global challenge of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Mertelsmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith Mages
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Kingery
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Humphrey D. Mazigo
- Department of Parasitology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Hyasinta Jaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mwanza College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Fredrick Kalokola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Robert N. Peck
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jennifer A. Downs
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
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9
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Quinteros SL, von Krusenstiern E, Snyder NW, Tanaka A, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018076. [PMID: 36761766 PMCID: PMC9905698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified an immune modulating peptide, termed FhHDM-1, within the secretions of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, which is sufficiently potent to prevent the progression of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis in murine models of disease. Here, we have determined that the FhHDM-1 peptide regulates inflammation by reprogramming macrophage metabolism. Specifically, FhHDM-1 switched macrophage metabolism to a dependence on oxidative phosphorylation fuelled by fatty acids and supported by the induction of glutaminolysis. The catabolism of glutamine also resulted in an accumulation of alpha ketoglutarate (α-KG). These changes in metabolic activity were associated with a concomitant reduction in glycolytic flux, and the subsequent decrease in TNF and IL-6 production at the protein level. Interestingly, FhHDM-1 treated macrophages did not express the characteristic genes of an M2 phenotype, thereby indicating the specific regulation of inflammation, as opposed to the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype per se. Use of an inactive derivative of FhHDM-1, which did not modulate macrophage responses, revealed that the regulation of immune responses was dependent on the ability of FhHDM-1 to modulate lysosomal pH. These results identify a novel functional association between the lysosome and mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages, and further highlight the significant therapeutic potential of FhHDM-1 to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susel Loli Quinteros
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akane Tanaka
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn O’Brien
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Sheila Donnelly,
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10
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Ye J, Wang X. Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999412. [PMID: 36263053 PMCID: PMC9573989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and it has become the most common chronic liver disease. Helminths have co-evolved with humans, inducing multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms to modulate the host’s immune system. By using their immunomodulatory ability, helminths and their products exhibit protection against various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, which are closely associated with NAFLD. Here, we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD from abnormal glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Correspondingly, helminths and their products can treat or relieve these NAFLD-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, by promoting glycolipid metabolism homeostasis, regulating inflammation, and restoring the balance of gut microbiota. Considering that a large number of clinical trials have been carried out on helminths and their products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with promising results, the treatment of NAFLD and obesity-related diseases by helminths is also a novel direction and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuyun Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jixian Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Wang,
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11
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Oliveira FMS, Cruz RE, Pinheiro GRG, Caliari MV. Comorbidities involving parasitic diseases: A look at the benefits and complications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1819-1826. [PMID: 35876147 PMCID: PMC9679356 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections acquired by the population cause substantial morbidity worldwide, with individuals from developing countries being most affected. Some parasites remain in the host for long periods, settling in different organs, manipulating the flow of nutrients and metabolites, and influencing the immune response, favoring their adaptation. The host attempts to counteract the metabolic and immunological alterations and the possible damage caused by infection. These metabolic and immunological changes experienced by the host can influence the progression of other existing morbidities or those that will be acquired in the future. Cancer and metabolic diseases are also frequent causes of morbidity in the world population. The large numbers of individuals affected by cancer and metabolic diseases and the high prevalence of morbidity caused by parasitic diseases favor the development of comorbidity involving these pathologies. This review provides an overview of major advances in research on cancer and metabolic diseases associated with parasitic infections. Information about hosts and parasites such as alterations of the immune response, metabolism and adaptation mechanisms of the parasites, and parasitic molecules with therapeutic potential is provided, as well as the beneficial results or complications related to the comorbidities discussed herein. We emphasize the need to conduct additional studies addressing comorbidities associated with parasitic infections to improve the understanding of the impact of this association on the progression of morbidities, as well as the possibility of the therapeutic use of and therapeutic approaches involving parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ruth Elizabeth Cruz
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rafael Gomide Pinheiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Marcelo Vidigal Caliari.
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12
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Yingklang M, Chaidee A, Dangtakot R, Jantawong C, Haonon O, Sitthirach C, Hai NT, Cha’on U, Anutrakulchai S, Kamsa-ard S, Pinlaor S. Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269080. [PMID: 35639713 PMCID: PMC9154194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that helminth infections provide a degree of protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between Strongyloides stercoralis infection and T2DM has scarcely been investigated and the protective effect of infection against development of diabetic complications is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between S. stercoralis infection and T2DM in a rural area of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. The impact of S. stercoralis infection on diabetic complication-related kidney function biochemical parameters and body-mass index (BMI) was also assessed. METHODOLOGY Using a cross-sectional study design, S. stercoralis infection and T2DM assessments were conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Associations between S. stercoralis infection, T2DM, and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Diabetic complication-related biochemical parameters relating largely to kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine transaminase (ALT), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) and BMI of participants with and without T2DM were compared between groups with or without S. stercoralis infection. RESULTS One hundred and seven out of 704 individuals (15.20%) were positive for S. stercoralis, and 283 people were diagnosed with T2DM. Of those with T2DM, 11.31% (32/283) were infected with S. stercoralis and of those without T2DM, 17.82% (75/421) were infected with S. stercoralis. Multivariate analysis revealed that T2DM was inversely correlated with S. stercoralis infection (Adjusted OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78; p = 0.003), while male, increasing age, lower education level, and alcohol intake were positively associated with infection. Those infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels than those in the uninfected group. CONCLUSION This finding indicates that S. stercoralis infection was inversely associated with T2DM in northeastern Thailand, but participants infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels. Infection with S. stercoralis might lead to worse complication-related renal biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manachai Yingklang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apisit Chaidee
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Jantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sitthirach
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Ubon Cha’on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supot Kamsa-ard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Michla M, Wilhelm C. Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1234-1242. [PMID: 36045216 PMCID: PMC9705246 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular ancient organisms residing as parasites at mucosal surfaces of their host. Through adaptation and co-evolution with their hosts, helminths have been able to develop tolerance mechanisms to limit inflammation and avoid expulsion. The study of helminth infections as an integral part of tissue immunology allowed us to understand fundamental aspects of mucosal and barrier immunology, which led to the discovery of a new group of tissue-resident immune cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC), over a decade ago. Here, we review the intricate interplay between helminth infections and type 2 ILC (ILC2) biology, discuss the host metabolic adaptation to helminth infections and the metabolic pathways fueling ILC2 responses. We hypothesize that nutrient competition between host and helminths may have prevented chronic inflammation in the past and argue that a detailed understanding of the metabolic restraints imposed by helminth infections may offer new therapeutic avenues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Michla
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Sibi JM, Mohan V, Deepa M, Babu S, Aravindhan V. Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011942. [PMID: 36482987 PMCID: PMC9723321 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of co-morbidities which include central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Previously, we reported that childhood lymphatic filariasis (LF) confers significant protection against type-1 and type-2 forms of diabetes, by means of immunomodulation. In the present study, we studied the effect of LF on endocrine dysfunction in MS and Non-MS patients in baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. METHODS We quantified the serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), incretins (Ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, PAI-1 and resistin) by multiplex bead array system. RESULTS MS (both LF- and LF+) subjects had increased insulin levels compared to NMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects. MS-LF+ subjects had significantly increased levels of glucagon, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 and decreased levels of adipsin, compared to MS-LF- subjects. Interestingly this effect was short-lived and was not seen in the follow-up samples. CONCLUSION Overall, LF infection might confer limited short-term beneficial effects against MS, by means of modulating the incretin levels,either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Manohar Sibi
- Department of Genetics, Dr. A. L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health-International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Aravindhan
- Department of Genetics, Dr. A. L. Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Vivekanandhan Aravindhan,
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