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Anaya JM, Lozada-Martinez ID, Torres I, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmunity in centenarians. A paradox. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100237. [PMID: 38468861 PMCID: PMC10926223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are one of the groups of chronic illnesses that impose a significant burden of disease and health costs worldwide. Age is a crucial risk factor for the onset of ADs. Theoretically, it is inferred that with organic and immune system aging, the loss of immune tolerance and specificity of immune activity becomes more intense, the probability of autoimmunity is increasing. However, there is a group of individuals whose prevalence of ADs is very low or non-existent, despite the biological aging. This paradox in autoimmunity raises questions. Centenarians, individuals who are over 100 years old, are possibly the most successful model of biological aging in humans. Most of these individuals exhibit a favorable health phenotype. To date, primary data evidence and potential hypotheses explaining this phenomenon are lacking globally, even though this paradox could provide valuable, original, and relevant information regarding the understanding of risk or protective factors, biological drivers, and biomarkers related to autoimmunity. Herein we discuss some hypothesis that may explain the absence of ADs in centenarians, including inflammaging, immunosenescence and immune resilience, immune system hyperstimulation, proteodynamics, and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Health Research and Innovation Center at Coosalud EPS, Cartagena, 130001, Colombia
| | | | - Isaura Torres
- Medical Sciences Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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2
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Liu S, Hong Y, Wang BR, Wei ZQ, Zhao HD, Jiang T, Zhang YD, Shi JQ. The presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x. [PMID: 38733435 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. The pathogenesis of ALS remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immune conditions. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies has suggested that the immune system played an important role in ALS pathophysiology. Autoantibodies are essential components of the immune system. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with ALS pathogenesis have been identified in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Bian-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Zi-Qiao Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, PR China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China.
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3
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Shurin MR, Wheeler SE. Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:215-234. [PMID: 38686351 PMCID: PMC11057673 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s450184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a common mark of autoimmune reaction and their identification in the patients' serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues is generally believed to represent diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of autoimmune diseases or autoinflammatory conditions. Traditionally, autoantibody testing is an important part of the clinical examination of suspected patients, and in the absence of reliable T cell tests, characterization of autoantibody responses might be suitable in finding causes of specific autoimmune responses, their strength, and sometimes commencement of autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies are also useful for prognostic stratification in clinically diverse groups of patients if checked repeatedly. Antibody discoveries are continuing, with important consequences for verifying autoimmune mechanisms, diagnostic feasibility, and clinical management. Adding newly identified autoantibody-autoantigen pairs to common clinical laboratory panels should help upgrade and harmonize the identification of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders and other autoimmune conditions. Herein, we aim to summarize our current knowledge of uncommon and novel autoantibodies in the context of discussing their validation, diagnostic practicability, and clinical relevance. The regular updates within the field are important and well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Shurin
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Böröcz K, Balázs N, Badawy A, Bajnok A, Nörenberg J, Serény-Litvai T, Várnagy Á, Kovács K, Hantosi E, Mezősi E, Németh P, Berki T. Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1423. [PMID: 38338701 PMCID: PMC10855109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with autoimmune diseases has not been thoroughly investigated. As Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant organ-specific autoimmune condition of women of childbearing age, this study's objective was to evaluate IgM and IgG nAAbs targeting mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and heat shock proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in women diagnosed with HT who were pregnant (HTP). Serum samples collected from HTP and healthy pregnant (HP) women in the first and third trimesters were tested using in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our findings indicate the stability of nAAbs against CS and Hsps throughout the pregnancies of both healthy women and those with HT. However, during both trimesters, HTP patients displayed elevated levels of IgM isotype nAAbs against Hsp60 and Hsp70 compared to HP women, suggesting a regulatory role of IgM nAAbs during the pregnancies of patients with HT. Nonetheless, levels of IgG isotype nAAbs against Hsps were lower solely in the third trimester among HTP patients, resulting in a higher IgM/IgG ratio, which indicates their importance in alterations of the nAAb network during pregnancy in patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Balázs
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Bajnok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasper Nörenberg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Serény-Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Kovács
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hantosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Szinger D, Berki T, Németh P, Erdo-Bonyar S, Simon D, Drenjančević I, Samardzic S, Zelić M, Sikora M, Požgain A, Böröcz K. Following Natural Autoantibodies: Further Immunoserological Evidence Regarding Their Silent Plasticity and Engagement in Immune Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14961. [PMID: 37834409 PMCID: PMC10573785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contradictory reports are available on vaccine-associated hyperstimulation of the immune system, provoking the formation of pathological autoantibodies. Despite being interconnected within the same network, the role of the quieter, yet important non-pathological and natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) is less defined. We hypothesize that upon a prompt immunological trigger, physiological nAAbs also exhibit a moderate plasticity. We investigated their inducibility through aged and recent antigenic triggers. Anti-viral antibodies (anti-MMR n = 1739 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG n = 330) and nAAbs (anti-citrate synthase IgG, IgM n = 1739) were measured by in-house and commercial ELISAs using Croatian (Osijek) anonymous samples with documented vaccination backgrounds. The results were subsequently compared for statistical evaluation. Interestingly, the IgM isotype nAAb showed a statistically significant connection with anti-MMR IgG seropositivity (p < 0.001 in all cases), while IgG isotype nAAb levels were elevated in association with anti-SARS CoV-2 specific seropositivity (p = 0.019) and in heterogeneous vaccine regimen recipients (unvaccinated controls vector/mRNA vaccines p = 0.002). Increasing evidence supports the interplay between immune activation and the dynamic expansion of nAAbs. Consequently, further questions may emerge regarding the ability of nAAbs silently shaping the effectiveness of immunization. We suggest re-evaluating the impact of nAAbs on the complex functioning of the immunological network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szinger
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
| | - Szabina Erdo-Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Scientific Centre for Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Samardzic
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Zelić
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Sikora
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Arlen Požgain
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.)
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6
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Iatrou A, Gounari M, Sofou E, Zaragoza-Infante L, Markopoulos I, Sarrigeorgiou I, Petrakis G, Pechlivanis N, Roumeliotou-Dimou M, Panayiotidis P, Stamatopoulos B, Gkanidou M, Sandaltzopoulos R, Degano M, Koletsa T, Lymberi P, Psomopoulos F, Ghia P, Agathangelidis A, Chatzidimitriou A, Stamatopoulos K. N-Glycosylation of the Ig Receptors Shapes the Antigen Reactivity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Subset #201. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:743-754. [PMID: 37466373 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Subset #201 is a clinically indolent subgroup of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by the expression of stereotyped, mutated IGHV4-34/IGLV1-44 BCR Ig. Subset #201 is characterized by recurrent somatic hypermutations (SHMs) that frequently lead to the creation and/or disruption of N-glycosylation sites within the Ig H and L chain variable domains. To understand the relevance of this observation, using next-generation sequencing, we studied how SHM shapes the subclonal architecture of the BCR Ig repertoire in subset #201, particularly focusing on changes in N-glycosylation sites. Moreover, we profiled the Ag reactivity of the clonotypic BCR Ig expressed as rmAbs. We found that almost all analyzed cases from subset #201 carry SHMs potentially affecting N-glycosylation at the clonal and/or subclonal level and obtained evidence for N-glycan occupancy in SHM-induced novel N-glycosylation sites. These particular SHMs impact (auto)antigen recognition, as indicated by differences in Ag reactivity between the authentic rmAbs and germline revertants of SHMs introducing novel N-glycosylation sites in experiments entailing 1) flow cytometry for binding to viable cells, 2) immunohistochemistry against various human tissues, 3) ELISA against microbial Ags, and 4) protein microarrays testing reactivity against multiple autoantigens. On these grounds, N-glycosylation appears as relevant for the natural history of at least a fraction of Ig-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, subset #201 emerges as a paradigmatic case for the role of affinity maturation in the evolution of Ag reactivity of the clonotypic BCR Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Iatrou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Gounari
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Electra Sofou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Laura Zaragoza-Infante
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Markopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarrigeorgiou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Petrakis
- Pathology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pechlivanis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Roumeliotou-Dimou
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Panayiotidis
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Gkanidou
- Blood Transfusion Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rafael Sandaltzopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Massimo Degano
- Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Pathology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Agathangelidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Holers VM, Frank RM, Clauw A, Seifert J, Zuscik M, Asokan S, Striebich C, Clay MR, Moreland LW, Banda NK. Potential causal role of synovial complement system activation in the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury or meniscus tear. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146563. [PMID: 37207197 PMCID: PMC10189880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and meniscal tear (MT) are major causal factors for developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), but the biological mechanism(s) are uncertain. After these structural damages, the synovium could be affected by complement activation that normally occurs in response to tissue injury. We explored the presence of complement proteins, activation products, and immune cells, in discarded surgical synovial tissue (DSST) collected during arthroscopic ACL reconstructive surgery, MT-related meniscectomy and from patients with OA. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (MIHC) was used to determine the presence of complement proteins, receptors and immune cells from ACL, MT, OA synovial tissue vs. uninjured controls. Examination of synovium from uninjured control tissues did not reveal the presence of complement or immune cells. However, DSST from patients undergoing ACL and MT repair demonstrated increases in both features. In ACL DSST, a significantly higher percentage of C4d+, CFH+, CFHR4+ and C5b-9+ synovial cells were present compared with MT DSST, but no major differences were seen between ACL and OA DSST. Increased cells expressing C3aR1 and C5aR1, and a significant increase in mast cells and macrophages, were found in ACL as compared to MT synovium. Conversely, the percentage of monocytes was increased in the MT synovium. Our data demonstrate that complement is activated in the synovium and is associated with immune cell infiltration, with a more pronounced effect following ACL as compared to MT injury. Complement activation, associated with an increase in mast cells and macrophages after ACL injury and/or MT, may contribute to the development of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel M. Frank
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew Clauw
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Zuscik
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sakthi Asokan
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher Striebich
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R. Clay
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Larry W. Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nirmal K. Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Tsitsami E, Sarrigeorgiou I, Tsinti M, Rouka EC, Zarogiannis SG, Lymberi P. Natural autoimmunity in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:44. [PMID: 37138302 PMCID: PMC10155367 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligo-JIA) is considered as an antigen-driven lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease. Natural antibodies (NAbs) are pre-immune antibodies produced in the absence of exogenous antigen stimulation, participating in both, innate and adaptive immunity. Considering their major immunoregulatory role in homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis, we designed this study to further elucidate their role in oligo-JIA pathogenesis. METHODS Seventy children with persistent oligo-JIA and 20 healthy matched controls were enrolled in the study. Serum IgM and IgA antibodies against human G-actin, human IgG F(ab΄)2 fragments and the hapten TriNitroPhenol (TNP) as well as the total concentration of serum IgM and IgA were measured by in-house enzyme-immunoassays. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess data distribution, and significant differences of non-parametric data between groups of the study. Backward regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of multiple factors (age, gender, disease activity, anti-nuclear antibody positivity, presence of uveitis) on continuous dependent variables (activities and activity/ concentration ratios of IgM and IgA NAbs). RESULTS The ratios of IgA anti-TNP, anti-actin and anti-F(ab΄)2 levels to total serum IgA concentration were found to be significantly increased in patients with oligo-JIA compared to healthy subjects. Significantly elevated levels of IgM anti-TNP antibodies were also found in children with inactive oligo-JIA compared to those of children with active disease and of healthy controls. In the presence of anterior uveitis, IgM anti-TNP levels were significantly higher than in patients without uveitis or in healthy controls. Backward regression analysis revealed that the disease activity and the presence of anterior uveitis independently affect IgM anti-TNP levels. CONCLUSUIONS Our findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that NAbs contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and provide additional evidence that disturbances in natural autoimmunity may contribute to the as yet unclarified pathogenesis of oligo-JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tsitsami
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Children's Hospital "Aghia Sofia", Thivon & Papadiamadopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarrigeorgiou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsinti
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Children's Hospital "Aghia Sofia", Thivon & Papadiamadopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Erasmia C Rouka
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Geopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Geopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Eggleton P, De Alba J, Weinreich M, Calias P, Foulkes R, Corrigall VM. The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:322-339. [PMID: 36651415 PMCID: PMC9889696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti-inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T-regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an 'eat-me' signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long-term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease-relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eggleton
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, New Hunts HouseGuy' HospitalLondonUK
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10
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Needham EJ, Ren AL, Digby RJ, Norton EJ, Ebrahimi S, Outtrim JG, Chatfield DA, Manktelow AE, Leibowitz MM, Newcombe VFJ, Doffinger R, Barcenas-Morales G, Fonseca C, Taussig MJ, Burnstein RM, Samanta RJ, Dunai C, Sithole N, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Edén A, Marklund E, Openshaw PJM, Dunning J, Griffiths MJ, Cavanagh J, Breen G, Irani SR, Elmer A, Kingston N, Summers C, Bradley JR, Taams LS, Michael BD, Bullmore ET, Smith KGC, Lyons PA, Coles AJ, Menon DK. Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Brain 2022; 145:4097-4107. [PMID: 36065116 PMCID: PMC9494359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demonstrated elevations of NfL and GFAP in a severity-dependent manner, with evidence of ongoing active brain injury at follow-up 4 months later. These biomarkers were associated with elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies to a large number of different antigens. Autoantibodies were commonly seen against lung surfactant proteins but also brain proteins such as myelin associated glycoprotein. Commensurate findings were seen in the influenza cohort. A distinct process characterized by elevation of serum total tau was seen in patients at follow-up, which appeared to be independent of initial disease severity and was not associated with dysregulated immune responses unlike NfL and GFAP. These results demonstrate that brain injury is a common consequence of both COVID-19 and influenza, and is therefore likely to be a feature of severe viral infection more broadly. The brain injury occurs in the context of dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, with no single pathogenic mechanism clearly responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Needham
- Correspondence to: Edward Needham Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK E-mail:
| | - Alexander L Ren
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Digby
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma J Norton
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne G Outtrim
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris A Chatfield
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne E Manktelow
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya M Leibowitz
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claudia Fonseca
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Taussig
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rowan M Burnstein
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Romit J Samanta
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nyarie Sithole
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arden Edén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Marklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jake Dunning
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Department of Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Elmer
- Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) and Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Benedict D Michael
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
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11
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Rampoldi F, Donato E, Ullrich L, Deseke M, Janssen A, Demera A, Sandrock I, Bubke A, Juergens AL, Swallow M, Sparwasser T, Falk C, Tan L, Trumpp A, Prinz I. γδ T cells license immature B cells to produce a broad range of polyreactive antibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110854. [PMID: 35613579 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature autoreactive B cells are present in all healthy individuals, but it is unclear which signals are required for their maturation into antibody-producing cells. Inducible depletion of γδ T cells show that direct interaction between γδ T cells and immature B cells in the spleen support an "innate" transition to mature B cells with a broad range of antigen specificities. IL-4 production of γδ T cells and cell-to-cell contact via CD30L support B cell maturation and induce genes of the unfolded protein response and mTORC1 signaling. Eight days after in vivo depletion of γδ T cells, increased numbers of B cells are already stuck in the transitional phase and express increased levels of IgD and CD21. Absence of γδ T cells leads also to reduced levels of serum anti-nuclear autoantibodies, making γδ T cells an attractive target to treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Elisa Donato
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Leon Ullrich
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Juergens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
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12
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Halperin ST, ’t Hart BA, Luchicchi A, Schenk GJ. The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:606. [PMID: 35327408 PMCID: PMC8945227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that implies that autoimmune processes underlying MS may, in fact, be triggered by pathological processes initiated within the CNS. This review focuses on a relatively unexplored immune cell-the "innate-like" B1 lymphocyte. The B1 cell is a primary-natural-antibody- and anti-inflammatory-cytokine-producing cell present in the healthy brain. It has been recently shown that its frequency and function may differ between MS patients and healthy controls, but its exact involvement in the MS pathogenic process remains obscure. In this review, we propose that this enigmatic cell may play a more prominent role in MS pathology than ever imagined. We aim to shed light on the human B1 cell in health and disease, and how dysregulation in its delicate homeostatic role could impact MS. Furthermore, novel therapeutic avenues to restore B1 cells' beneficial functions will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.T.H.); (B.A.’t.H.)
| | - Geert J. Schenk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.T.H.); (B.A.’t.H.)
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13
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Hanna SJ, Tatovic D, Thayer TC, Dayan CM. Insights From Single Cell RNA Sequencing Into the Immunology of Type 1 Diabetes- Cell Phenotypes and Antigen Specificity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751701. [PMID: 34659258 PMCID: PMC8519581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, huge advances have been made in techniques to analyse cells at an individual level using RNA sequencing, and many of these have precipitated exciting discoveries in the immunology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review will cover the first papers to use scRNAseq to characterise human lymphocyte phenotypes in T1D in the peripheral blood, pancreatic lymph nodes and islets. These have revealed specific genes such as IL-32 that are differentially expressed in islet -specific T cells in T1D. scRNAseq has also revealed wider gene expression patterns that are involved in T1D and can predict its development even predating autoantibody production. Single cell sequencing of TCRs has revealed V genes and CDR3 motifs that are commonly used to target islet autoantigens, although truly public TCRs remain elusive. Little is known about BCR repertoires in T1D, but scRNAseq approaches have revealed that insulin binding BCRs commonly use specific J genes, share motifs between donors and frequently demonstrate poly-reactivity. This review will also summarise new developments in scRNAseq technology, the insights they have given into other diseases and how they could be leveraged to advance research in the type 1 diabetes field to identify novel biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Hanna
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Danijela Tatovic
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Terri C. Thayer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Natural and Social Sciences, Roberts Wesleyan College, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Colin M. Dayan
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Kinneary JJ. Perspectives on Salinity, Immunity, and the Common Snapping Turtle. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1469.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Kinneary
- 3 Penrose Path, East Northport, New York 11731 USA; Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York 11735 USA []
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15
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Sáez Moya M, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, Puñet-Ortiz J, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Blanco J, Carrillo J, Engel P. Autoimmune B Cell Repertoire in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666545. [PMID: 33968069 PMCID: PMC8103202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In genetically prone individuals, chronic immune activation may lead to expansion of autoreactive lymphocyte clones that can induce organ damage developing autoimmune disorders. Sjögren’s Syndrome (SjS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands. Despite the accumulated evidences of profound B-cell alterations of humoral immunity, the repertoire and development of B-cell autoreactivity in SjS remains to be determined. We hypothesize that SjS mice will have an increased frequency of self-reactive B cells with a progressive evolution to antigen-driven oligoclonality. Here, we study the B cell repertoire of NOD.H-2h4 mice, a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmunity mimicking SjS without developing diabetes. A library of 168 hybridomas from NOD.H-2h4 mice and 186 C57BL/6J splenocytes at different ages was created. The presence of mono or polyreactive autoantibodies to several antigens was evaluated by ELISA, and their staining patterns and cellular reactivity were tested by IFA and FACS. We observed a higher frequency of autoreactivity among B-cell clones from NOD.H-2h4 mice as compared to wild-type mice. The presence of polyreactive and autoreactive IgG clones increased with mice age. Strikingly, all anti-Ro52 autoantibodies were polyreactive. No loss of polyreactivity was observed upon antibody class switching to IgG. There was a progression to oligoclonality in IgG B cells with mice aging. Our results indicate that in the NOD.H-2h4 mouse model of SjS, IgG+ B cells are mainly polyreactive and might expand following an unknown antigen-driven positive selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain.,AIDS and Related Diseases Chair, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Bhagavati S. Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Therapy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:664664. [PMID: 33935958 PMCID: PMC8079742 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.664664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable discoveries over the last two decades have elucidated the autoimmune basis of several, previously poorly understood, neurological disorders. Autoimmune disorders of the nervous system may affect any part of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system, CNS) and also the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle (peripheral nervous system, PNS). This comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field presents the factors which may trigger breakdown of self-tolerance and development of autoimmune disease in some individuals. Then the pathophysiological basis and clinical features of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system are outlined, with an emphasis on the features which are important to recognize for accurate clinical diagnosis. Finally the latest therapies for autoimmune CNS and PNS disorders and their mechanisms of action and the most promising research avenues for targeted immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyakam Bhagavati
- Department of Neurology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Boussamet L, Montassier E, Soulillou JP, Berthelot L. Anti α1-3Gal antibodies and Gal content in gut microbiota in immune disorders and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2021; 235:108693. [PMID: 33556564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations suggest that Gal antigen content in gut microbiota and anti-Gal antibody response may influence inflammation in immune related disorders. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on antibody response to the Gal epitope in various immune disorders. We discuss the origin of Gal antigen associated to gut microbiota. In multiple sclerosis, the possible mechanisms by which the altered microbiota and/or circulating anti-Gal level could affect the immune response in this disease are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Boussamet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- Microbiota Hosts Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistances (MiHAR), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Service des urgences, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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18
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Gröger V, Emmer A, Staege MS, Cynis H. Endogenous Retroviruses in Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010070. [PMID: 33467098 PMCID: PMC7829834 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several nervous system disorders including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The toxicity of HERV-derived RNAs and proteins for neuronal cells has been demonstrated. The involvement of HERV in the pathogenesis of currently incurable diseases might offer new treatment strategies based on the inhibition of HERV activities by small molecules or therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gröger
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Martin S. Staege
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.S.); (H.C.); Tel.: +49-345-557-7280 (M.S.S.); +49-345-13142835 (H.C.)
| | - Holger Cynis
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.S.S.); (H.C.); Tel.: +49-345-557-7280 (M.S.S.); +49-345-13142835 (H.C.)
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19
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Böröcz K, Simon D, Erdő‐Bonyár S, Kovács KT, Tuba É, Czirják L, Németh P, Berki T. Relationship between natural and infection-induced antibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD): SLE, SSc and RA. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:32-40. [PMID: 32959462 PMCID: PMC7744489 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection or vaccine-induced T cell-dependent immune response and the subsequent high-affinity neutralizing antibody production have been extensively studied, while the connection between natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) and disease-specific antibodies has not been thoroughly investigated. Our goal was to find the relationship between immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG isotype nAAbs and infection or vaccine-induced and disease-related autoantibody levels in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD). A previously described indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for detection of IgM/IgG nAAbs against citrate synthase (anti-CS) and F4 fragment (anti-F4) of DNA topoisomerase I in 374 SAD samples, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 92), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 73) and systemic sclerosis (n = 157) disease groups. Anti-measles IgG and anti-dsDNA IgG/IgM autoantibodies were measured using commercial and in-house indirect ELISA tests. In all SAD groups the anti-measles IgG-seropositive cases showed significantly higher anti-CS IgG titers (P = 0·011). In anti-dsDNA IgG-positive SLE patients, we detected significantly higher levels of anti-CS and anti-F4 IgG nAAbs (P = 0·001 and < 0·001, respectively). Additionally, we found increased levels of IgM isotypes of anti-CS and anti-F4 nAAbs in anti-dsDNA IgM-positive SLE patients (P = 0·002 and 0·016, respectively). The association between IgG isotypes of pathogen- or autoimmune disease-related antibodies and the IgG nAAbs may underscore the immune response-inducible nature of the diseases investigated. The relationship between protective anti-dsDNA IgM and the IgM isotype of anti-F4 and anti-CS may provide immunoserological evidence for the beneficial roles of nAAbs in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pécs Medical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - D. Simon
- Department of Immunology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pécs Medical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - S. Erdő‐Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pécs Medical SchoolPécsHungary
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - K. T. Kovács
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - É. Tuba
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - L. Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - P. Németh
- Department of Immunology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pécs Medical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - T. Berki
- Department of Immunology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Pécs Medical SchoolPécsHungary
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20
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Nielsen AK, Folke J, Owczarek S, Svenstrup K, Winge K, Pakkenberg B, Aznar S, Brudek T. TDP-43-specific Autoantibody Decline in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 8:8/2/e937. [PMID: 33361387 PMCID: PMC7768943 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesize alterations in the quality and quantity of anti-43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); therefore, we assessed relative binding properties of anti-TDP-43 NAbs composite in plasma from patients with ALS in comparison with healthy individuals. METHODS ELISA competition assay was used to explore the apparent avidity/affinity of anti-TDP-43 NAbs in plasma from 51 normal controls and 30 patients with ALS. Furthermore, the relative levels of anti-TDP-43 NAbs within the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes of IgG (isotype IgG1-4) and IgMs were measured using classical indirect ELISA. The occurring results were hereafter correlated with the measures of disease duration and disease progression. RESULTS High-avidity/affinity anti-TDP-43 NAbs levels were significantly reduced in plasma samples from patients with ALS. In addition, a significant decrease in relative levels of anti-TDP-43 IgG3 and IgM NAbs and a significant increase in anti-TDP-43 IgG4 NAbs were observed in ALS plasma vs controls. Furthermore, a decrease in global IgM and an increase in IgG4 levels were observed in ALS. These aberrations of humoral immunity correlated with disease duration, but did not correlate with ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised scores. CONCLUSIONS Our results may suggest TDP-43-specific immune aberrations in patients with ALS. The skewed immune profiles observed in patients with ALS could indicate a deficiency in the clearance capacity and/or blocking of TDP-43 transmission and propagation. The decrease in levels of high affinity/avidity anti-TDP-43 NAbs and IgMs correlates with disease progression and may be disease predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kallehauge Nielsen
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jonas Folke
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Owczarek
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Svenstrup
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Winge
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- From the Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience (A.K.N., J.F., S.O., B.P., S.A., T.B.), and Department of Neurology (K.S., K.W.), Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen; Neuromuscular Clinic (K.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Institute of Clinical Medicine (B.P.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research (S.A., T.B.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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21
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Banda NK, Tomlinson S, Scheinman RI, Ho N, Ramirez JR, Mehta G, Wang G, Vu VP, Simberg D, Kulik L, Holers VM. C2 IgM Natural Antibody Enhances Inflammation and Its Use in the Recombinant Single Chain Antibody-Fused Complement Inhibitor C2-Crry to Target Therapeutics to Joints Attenuates Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575154. [PMID: 33178202 PMCID: PMC7596757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural IgM antibodies (NAbs) have been shown to recognize injury-associated neoepitopes and to initiate pathogenic complement activation. The NAb termed C2 binds to a subset of phospholipids displayed on injured cells, and its role(s) in arthritis, as well as the potential therapeutic benefit of a C2 NAb-derived ScFv-containing protein fused to a complement inhibitor, complement receptor-related y (Crry), on joint inflammation are unknown. Our first objective was to functionally test mAb C2 binding to apoptotic cells from the joint and also evaluate its inflammation enhancing capacity in collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). The second objective was to generate and test the complement inhibitory capacity of C2-Crry fusion protein in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The third objective was to demonstrate in vivo targeting of C2-Crry to damaged joints in mice with arthritis. The effect of C2-NAb on CAIA in C57BL/6 mice was examined by inducing a suboptimal disease. The inhibitory effect of C2-Crry in DBA/1J mice with CIA was determined by injecting 2x per week with a single dose of 0.250 mg/mouse. Clinical disease activity (CDA) was examined, and knee joints were fixed for analysis of histopathology, C3 deposition, and macrophage infiltration. In mice with suboptimal CAIA, at day 10 there was a significant (p < 0.017) 74% increase in the CDA in mice treated with C2 NAb, compared to mice treated with F632 control NAb. In mice with CIA, at day 35 there was a significant 39% (p < 0.042) decrease in the CDA in mice treated with C2-Crry. Total scores for histopathology were also 50% decreased (p < 0.0005) in CIA mice treated with C2-Crry. C3 deposition was significantly decreased in the synovium (44%; p < 0.026) and on the surface of cartilage (42%; p < 0.008) in mice treated with C2-Crry compared with PBS treated CIA mice. Furthermore, C2-Crry specifically bound to apoptotic fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro, and also localized in the knee joints of arthritic mice as analyzed by in vivo imaging. In summary, NAb C2 enhanced arthritis-related injury, and targeted delivery of C2-Crry to inflamed joints demonstrated disease modifying activity in a mouse model of human inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Robert I Scheinman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nhu Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseline Ramos Ramirez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gaurav Mehta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Guankui Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vivian Pham Vu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Liudmila Kulik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Ermakov EA, Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Immunoglobulins with Non-Canonical Functions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155392. [PMID: 32751323 PMCID: PMC7432551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are known to combine various effector mechanisms of the adaptive and the innate immune system. Classical immunoglobulin functions are associated with antigen recognition and the initiation of innate immune responses. However, in addition to classical functions, antibodies exhibit a variety of non-canonical functions related to the destruction of various pathogens due to catalytic activity and cofactor effects, the action of antibodies as agonists/antagonists of various receptors, the control of bacterial diversity of the intestine, etc. Canonical and non-canonical functions reflect the extreme human antibody repertoire and the variety of antibody types generated in the organism: antigen-specific, natural, polyreactive, broadly neutralizing, homophilic, bispecific and catalytic. The therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are associated with both the canonical and non-canonical functions of antibodies. In this review, catalytic antibodies will be considered in more detail, since their formation is associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We will systematically summarize the diversity of catalytic antibodies in normal and pathological conditions. Translational perspectives of knowledge about natural antibodies for IVIg therapy will be also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antibodies, Bispecific/chemistry
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Catalytic/genetics
- Antibodies, Catalytic/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/classification
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Immunologic Tests
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-27; Fax: +7-(383)-363-51-53
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24
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Sobel RA, Eaton MJ, Jaju PD, Lowry E, Hinojoza JR. Anti-Myelin Proteolipid Protein Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Recognize Cell Surface Proteins on Developing Neurons and Inhibit Their Differentiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:819-843. [PMID: 31400116 PMCID: PMC6703999 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides, we found that in addition to CNS myelin, mAbs to external face but not cytoplasmic face epitopes immunostained neurons in immature human CNS tissues and in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbs, that is neural stem cell niches (NSCN). To explore the pathobiological significance of these observations, we assessed the mAb effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro. The mAbs to PLP 50-69 (IgG1κ and IgG2aκ), and 178-191 and 200-219 (both IgG1κ) immunostained live cell surfaces and inhibited neurite outgrowth of E18 rat hippocampal precursor cells and of PC12 cells, which do not express PLP. Proteins immunoprecipitated from PC12 cell extracts and captured by mAb-coated magnetic beads were identified by GeLC-MS/MS. Each neurite outgrowth-inhibiting mAb captured a distinct set of neurodifferentiation molecules including sequence-similar M6 proteins and other unrelated membrane and extracellular matrix proteins, for example integrins, Eph receptors, NCAM-1, and protocadherins. These molecules are expressed in adult human NSCN and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic CNS disease processes. Thus, diverse anti-PLP epitope autoantibodies may inhibit neuronal precursor cell differentiation via multispecific recognition of cell surface molecules thereby potentially impeding endogenous neuroregeneration in NSCN and in vivo differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Sobel
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary Jane Eaton
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Prajakta Dilip Jaju
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eugene Lowry
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julian R Hinojoza
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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25
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Humbert M, Morán M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Muntané J, Wiedmer T, Apostolova N, McKenna SL, Velasco G, Balduini W, Eckhart L, Janji B, Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P, Žerovnik E, Langer R, Perren A, Engedal N, Tschan MP. Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E59. [PMID: 32245178 PMCID: PMC7150830 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.
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Grants
- none Bernese Cancer League
- none Stiftung für klinisch-experimentelle Tumorforschung
- none Werner and Hedy Berger-Janser Foundation for Cancer Research
- PI14/01085 and PI17/00093 FIS and FEDER funds from the EU
- CPII16/00023 ISCIII and FSE funds
- RTI2018-096748-B-100 the Spanish Minsitry of Science, Innovation and Universities
- none University Professor Training Fellowship, Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, Government of Spain
- PI18/00442 the State Plan for R & D + I2013-2016 and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- none European Regional Development Fund
- C18/BM/12670304/COMBATIC Luxembourg National Research Fund
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE)
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028159 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030782 FEDER, through the COMPETE
- none National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT
- none ARRS - the Slovenian research agency, programme P1-0140: Proteolysis and its regulation
- KFS-3360-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- KFS-3409-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- 31003A_173219 Swiss National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Humbert
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - María Morán
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Cancer Research at UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Balduini
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bassam Janji
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Oncology—Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eva Žerovnik
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
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26
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Natural Autoantibodies in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031138. [PMID: 32046322 PMCID: PMC7037933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, pathogenic autoantibodies generated by a failure of central or peripheral tolerance, have different effects mediated by a variety of mechanisms. Interestingly, even non-autoimmune chronic diseases have a set of disease-specific natural autoantibodies that are maintained for a long time. Because most of these natural autoantibodies target intracellular proteins or long non-coding RNAs, they are speculated to be non-pathological and have some important as yet unrecognized physiological functions such as debris clearance. Recently, we revealed a set of disease-specific natural autoantibodies of chronic pulmonary diseases with unknown etiology by protein arrays that enable detection of specific autoantibodies against >8000 targets. Surprisingly, some of the targeted antigens of disease-specific autoantibodies were subsequently reported by other laboratories as strongly associated with the disease, suggesting that these antigens reflect the pathology of each disease. Furthermore, some of these autoantibodies that target extracellular antigens might modify the original course of each disease. Here, we review the disease-specific natural autoantibodies of chronic pulmonary diseases, including chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, sarcoidosis, and autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and discuss their utility and effects.
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Kheirkhah R, DeMarshall C, Sieber F, Oh E, Nagele RG. The origin and nature of the complex autoantibody profile in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 2:100032. [PMID: 38377421 PMCID: PMC8474157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, using human protein microarrays and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained pre-surgically and simultaneously from 46 hip fracture repair patients, that CSF exhibits an extraordinarily complex IgG autoantibody profile composed of thousands of autoantibodies. We show that the pattern of expression levels of individual autoantibodies in CSF closely mimics that in the blood, regardless of age, gender or the presence or absence of disease, indicative of a blood-based origin for CSF autoantibodies. In addition, using five longitudinal serum samples obtained from one healthy individual over a span of nine years, we found that blood autoantibody profiles are remarkably stable over a long period of time, and that autoantibody profiles in both blood and CSF show features that are common among different individuals as well as individual-specific. Lastly, we demonstrate that an elevated CSF/plasma autoantibody ratio is more common in elderly hip fracture repair patients that experienced post-operative delirium than in non-delirium subjects, thus highlighting the crucial role that blood-brain and/or blood-CSF barrier compromise may play in the development of post-operative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Kheirkhah
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Cassandra DeMarshall
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Frederick Sieber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther Oh
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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28
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Negi N, Das BK. Decoding intrathecal immunoglobulins and B cells in the CNS: their synthesis, function, and regulation. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:67-79. [PMID: 31928379 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1711073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of an active lymphatic system in the meninges (dura mater) has opened up a wide range of possibilities for the role of CNS immunoglobulins in brain development in early fetal life or during infancy. The antibody-dependent and -independent functions of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis are not new to immunologists, yet their role in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is incompletely understood. Deep cervical lymph nodes have emerged as a candidate site for autosensitization against CNS antigens and have been shown to provide the right kind of milieu for the dynamic interaction of antigen-presenting cells, B cells, and T cells. The presence of different B cells in the lymph nodes and the production of natural autoantibodies by B-1 cells have definitely unlocked another piece of the puzzle. At a time when CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies have shown remarkable results in ameliorating the relapse and progression of multiple sclerosis, it is imperative to dissect out the diversity in B cell populations inside the CNS to identify new targets to improve current treatment regimens for neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the origin, migration, function, and regulation of B cells and the production of intrathecal immunoglobulins considering the previous and current findings and taking into account the differences between a healthy state and the changes that occur during an inflammatory or autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Negi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bimal K Das
- HIV Immunology Section, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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29
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West Nile Virus infection triggering autoimmune encephalitis: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. Clin Immunol 2019; 207:97-99. [PMID: 31454696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A contributing factor in triggering autoimmune phenomena is pathogen infections. Here we describe a case that expands the spectrum of infection-associated autoimmune encephalitis and discuss plausible pathogenetic mechanisms. DESIGN Case report and in silico analysis. RESULTS A patient with West Nile Virus infection developed autoimmune encephalitis with positive anti-glycine receptor antibodies. Combination therapy with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in the resolution of encephalitis signs and symptoms. An in silico analysis unveiled certain sequence similarities between viral antigens and receptor sequence fragments suggesting a molecular mimicry autoimmunization process. CONCLUSIONS Our case indicates that West Nile Virus infections can trigger autoimmune encephalitis. Our finding expands the spectrum of autoimmune conditions that can develop following an infection. Whether the autoimmunization process is due to molecular mimicry or due to the expansion of natural autoantibody clones merits further investigation.
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30
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Germenis AE, Cicardi M. Driving towards Precision Medicine for angioedema without wheals. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102312. [PMID: 31402201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the last two decades indicates that recurrent angioedema without wheals constitutes a diverse family of disorders with a much higher complexity than was previously regarded. Indicatively, during the last two years, novel variants of three genes other than SERPING1 and F12 have been identified in association with hereditary angioedema. Most interestingly, functional studies of at least one of these variants (the variant c.807G > T of ANGPT1 gene) imply the existence of a new disease endotype in which the altered bradykinin metabolism and function does not play a central role. Therefore, using conventional approaches, it seems that the complexity of this disease cannot be sufficiently elucidated and any attempt to interrelate its many diverse aspects seems unrealistic. Similar to other rare and chronic diseases, a Precision Medicine approach, discovering the right target and giving "the right drug, for the right patient, at the right time, every time" seems the optimal future practice. Herein, we review recent data challenging and dictating the need for a switch of angioedema research into high-throughput approaches and we present the expected advantages for better understanding of the disease and patients management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Universita Degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS ICS Maugeri Milano via Camaldoli, Italy
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31
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Puñet-Ortiz J, Sáez Moya M, Cuenca M, Caleiras E, Lazaro A, Engel P. Ly9 (CD229) Antibody Targeting Depletes Marginal Zone and Germinal Center B Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Reduces Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2661. [PMID: 30519241 PMCID: PMC6251324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the B cell hyperactivation, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue damage of exocrine glands. It can also present life-threatening extraglandular manifestations, such as pulmonary and hepatic involvement, renal inflammation and marginal zone (MZ) B cell lymphoma. Several biologic agents have been tested in SjS but none has shown significant efficacy. Here, we report the effects of Ly9 (CD229) antibody targeting, a cell surface molecule that belongs to the SLAM family of immunomodulatory receptors, using NOD.H-2h4 mice as a model of SjS-like disease. Female mice were treated with anti-Ly9 antibody or isotype control at week 24, when all mice present SjS related autoantibodies, salivary gland infiltrates, and marginal zone (MZ) B cell pool enlargement. Antibody injection depleted key lymphocyte subsets involved in SjS pathology such as MZ, B1, and germinal center B cells in spleen and draining lymph nodes without inducing a general immunosuppression. Importantly, mice receiving anti-Ly9 mAb showed a reduced lymphocyte infiltrate within salivary glands. This reduction may be, in part, explained by the down-regulation of L-selectin and alfa4/beta7 integrin induced by the anti-Ly9 antibody. Furthermore, levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies were reduced after anti-Ly9 treatment. These data indicate that Ly9 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuenca
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Lazaro
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Bonam SR, Wang F, Muller S. Autophagy: A new concept in autoimmunity regulation and a novel therapeutic option. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:16-32. [PMID: 30219390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, pharmacologic treatments of autoinflammatory diseases are largely palliative rather than curative. Most of them result in non-specific immunosuppression, which can be associated with broad disruption of natural and induced immunity with significant and sometimes serious unwanted injuries. Among the novel strategies that are under development, tools that modulate the immune system to restore normal tolerance mechanisms are central. In these approaches, peptide therapeutics constitute a class of agents that display many physicochemical advantages. Within this class of potent drugs, the phosphopeptide P140 is very promising for treating patients with lupus, and likely also patients with other chronic inflammatory diseases. We discovered that P140 targets autophagy, a finely orchestrated catabolic process, involved in the regulation of inflammation and in the biology of immune cells. In vitro, P140 acts directly on a particular form of autophagy called chaperone-mediated autophagy, which seems to be hyperactivated in certain subsets of lymphocytes in lupus and in other autoinflammatory settings. In lupus, the "correcting" effect of P140 on autophagy results in a weaker signaling of autoreactive T cells, leading to a significant improvement of pathophysiological status of treated mice. These findings also demonstrated ex vivo in human cells, open novel avenues of therapeutic intervention in pathological conditions, in which specific and not general targeting is highly pursued in the context of the new action plans for personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
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