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Smith J, Tan JKH, Short C, O'Neill H, Moro C. The effect of myeloablative radiation on urinary bladder mast cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6219. [PMID: 38485999 PMCID: PMC10940702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cystitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the urinary bladder, which can develop as a side effect of abdominopelvic radiotherapy, specifically external-beam radiation therapy or myeloablative radiotherapy. A possible involvement of mast cells in the pathophysiology of radiation-induced cystitis has been indicated in cases of external-beam radiation therapy; however, there is no evidence that these findings apply to the myeloablative aetiology. As such, this study investigated potential changes to urinary bladder mast cell prevalence when exposed to myeloablative radiation. Lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice that received donor rescue bone marrow cells exhibited an increased mast cell frequency amongst host leukocytes 1 week following irradiation. By 4 weeks, no significant difference in either frequency or cell density was observed. However mast cell diameter was smaller, and a significant increase in mast cell number in the adventitia was observed. This study highlights that mast cells constitute a significant portion of the remaining host leukocyte population following radiation exposure, with changes to mast cell distribution and decreased cell diameter four weeks following radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kah Huat Tan
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Christie Short
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Helen O'Neill
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia.
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2
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Flora A, Jepsen R, Kozera EK, Woods JA, Cains GD, Radzieta M, Jensen SO, Malone M, Frew JW. Mast cells are upregulated in hidradenitis suppurativa tissue, associated with epithelialized tunnels and normalized by spleen tyrosine kinase antagonism. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14894. [PMID: 37522746 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells have traditionally been associated with allergic inflammatory responses; however, they play important roles in cutaneous innate immunity and wound healing. The Hidradenitis Suppurativa tissue transcriptome is associated with alterations in innate immunity and wound healing-associated pathways; however, the role of mast cells in the disease is unexplored. We demonstrate that mast cell-associated gene expression (using whole tissue RNAseq) is upregulated, and in-silico cellular deconvolution identifies activated mast cells upregulated and resting mast cells downregulated in lesional tissue. Tryptase/Chymase positive mast cells (identified using IHC) localize adjacent to epithelialized tunnels, fibrotic regions of the dermis and at perivascular sites associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation and TNF-alpha production. Treatment with Spleen Tyrosine Kinase antagonist (Fostamatinib) reduces the expression of mast cell-associated gene transcripts, associated biochemical pathways and the number of tryptase/chymase positive mast cells in lesional hidradenitis suppurativa tissue. This data indicates that although mast cells are not the most abundant cell type in Hidradenitis Suppurativa tissue, the dysregulation of mast cells is paralleled with B cell/plasma cell inflammation, inflammatory epithelialized tunnels and epithelial budding. This provides an explanation as to the mixed inflammatory activation signature seen in HS, the correlation with dysregulated wound healing and potential pathways involved in the development of epithelialized tunnels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flora
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Jepsen
- Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E K Kozera
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A Woods
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G D Cains
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Radzieta
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S O Jensen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Malone
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J W Frew
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Shaikh SN, Willis EF, Dierich M, Xu Y, Stuart SJS, Gobe GC, Bashaw AA, Rawashdeh O, Kim SJ, Vukovic J. CSF-1R inhibitor PLX3397 attenuates peripheral and brain chronic GVHD and improves functional outcomes in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:300. [PMID: 38102698 PMCID: PMC10725001 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication of otherwise curative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Chronic GVHD induces pathological changes in peripheral organs as well as the brain and is a frequent cause of late morbidity and death after bone-marrow transplantation. In the periphery, bone-marrow-derived macrophages are key drivers of pathology, but recent evidence suggests that these cells also infiltrate into cGVHD-affected brains. Microglia are also persistently activated in the cGVHD-affected brain. To understand the involvement of these myeloid cell populations in the development and/or progression of cGVHD pathology, we here utilized the blood-brain-barrier permeable colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib) at varying doses to pharmacologically deplete both cell types. We demonstrate that PLX3397 treatment during the development of cGVHD (i.e., 30 days post-transplant) improves disease symptoms, reducing both the clinical scores and histopathology of multiple cGVHD target organs, including the sequestration of T cells in cGVHD-affected skin tissue. Cognitive impairments associated with cGVHD and neuroinflammation were also attenuated by PLX3397 treatment. PLX3397 treatment prior to the onset of cGVHD (i.e., immediately post-transplant) did not change in clinical scores or histopathology. Overall, our data demonstrate significant benefits of using PLX3397 for the treatment of cGVHD and associated organ pathologies in both the periphery and brain, highlighting the therapeutic potential of pexidartinib for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen N Shaikh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Max Dierich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel J S Stuart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Abate A Bashaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Smith J, Toto R, Moro C. The effects of radiation on myeloid lineage immune cells within the rodent urinary bladder: a systematic review. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3005-3014. [PMID: 37620625 PMCID: PMC10611598 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a prominent therapy for many malignant and non-malignant disorders, though it can cause side effects such as radiation-induced cystitis. Current research has highlighted a role for mast cells and macrophages in the prognosis of such radiation-induced toxicities. However, the prognostic value of these immune cells in the pathophysiology of radiation-induced cystitis is not clear. As such, a systematic review was conducted to assess myeloid-lineage immune cells for their prognostic value in radiation-induced cystitis to address this gap in literature. METHODS The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, and searches were performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases for pre-clinical rodent studies on radiation-induced cystitis. RESULTS After de-duplication, 153 articles were screened for relevancy by title and abstract. Title and abstract screening deemed 64 studies irrelevant. The remaining 85 studies were full-text screened, yielding seven unique articles for data extraction. Most included studies had an unclear risk of bias. The findings of this systematic review suggest that the prognostic value of myeloid-lineage immune cells in radiation-induced cystitis is still unclear, indicating a need for further research in this field. CONCLUSION Although the studies reviewed provide some insight into the role of these immune cells in disease pathology, the limited number of studies and unclear risk of bias further highlights a need for additional, high-quality research in this area. In summary, this systematic review highlights a need to understand the involvement of immune cells in radiation-induced cystitis pathophysiology and lay the groundwork for further research in this area. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration: CRD42022345960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Rimaz Toto
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, 4226, Australia.
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Umar S, Ton D, Carter MJ, Shitabata P. Unveiling a Shared Precursor Condition for Acne Keloidalis Nuchae and Primary Cicatricial Alopecias. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2315-2327. [PMID: 37649568 PMCID: PMC10464825 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s422310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Small observational studies suggest subclinical disease occurrence in the normal-appearing scalp zones of several primary cicatricial alopecias. To aid patient management, we began routinely evaluating the entire scalp of patients with acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN), including trichoscopy-guided biopsies. Patients and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 41 patients sequentially presenting with AKN at a single clinic between June and December 2022. Primary lesions and normal-appearing scalp in the superior parietal scalp at least 5 cm away from AKN-affected zones were clinically evaluated, and areas showing perifollicular erythema or scales/casts on trichoscopy were biopsied and histologically analyzed. Results Forty-one men with AKN, including 20 men of African descent, 17 Hispanic, and 4 European-descended Whites, were evaluated. All patients, including 22% with associated folliculitis decalvans, showed scalp-wide trichoscopy signs of perifollicular erythema or scaling in normal-appearing scalp areas. All patients showed histologic evidence of perifollicular infundibulo-isthmic lymphocytoplasmic infiltrates and fibrosis (PIILIF), with 96% showing Vellus or miniaturized hair absence. PIILIF was often clinically mistaken for seborrheic dermatitis (44-51%). All White patients had mild papular acne keloidalis nuchae lesions mistaken for seborrheic dermatitis. Conclusion PIILIF may be a precursor to a wide spectrum of primary cicatricial alopecias, including AKN and folliculitis decalvans. This finding carries implications for the early diagnosis and management of AKN and other primary cicatricial alopecias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanusi Umar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Dr. U Hair and Skin Clinic, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Donna Ton
- Dr. U Hair and Skin Clinic, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Shitabata
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Dermatopathology Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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Mihele DM, Nistor PA, Bruma G, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Condrat CE, Tovaru M, Tampa M, Georgescu SR. Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Update-A Dermatological Perspective. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1116. [PMID: 37511729 PMCID: PMC10381535 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are infamous for their role in potentially fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In the last two decades, a more complex picture has emerged, as it has become obvious that MCs are much more than just IgE effectors of anaphylaxis. MCs are defenders against a host of infectious and toxic aggressions (their interactions with other components of the immune system are not yet fully understood) and after the insult has ended, MCs continue to play a role in inflammation regulation and tissue repair. Unfortunately, MC involvement in pathology is also significant. Apart from their role in allergies, MCs can proliferate clonally to produce systemic mastocytosis. They have also been implicated in excessive fibrosis, keloid scaring, graft rejection and chronic inflammation, especially at the level of the skin and gut. In recent years, the term MC activation syndrome (MCAS) was proposed to account for symptoms caused by MC activation, and clear diagnostic criteria have been defined. However, not all authors agree with these criteria, as some find them too restrictive, potentially leaving much of the MC-related pathology unaccounted for. Here, we review the current knowledge on the physiological and pathological roles of MCs, with a dermatological emphasis, and discuss the MCAS classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Nistor
- Internal Medicine Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 169 Independence Blvd, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bruma
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhou X, Hu Y, Liu L, Liu L, Chen H, Huang D, Ju M, Luan C, Chen K, Zhang J. IL-33-mediated activation of mast cells is involved in the progression of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 36894987 PMCID: PMC9996901 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with an unclear pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) can serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory state and immune homeostasis in diseases. MCs constitutively express interleukin-33 receptor T1/ST2 (IL-33R). IL-33 is a potent MCs activator that is actively secreted by keratinocytes in psoriasis. However, the regulatory role of MCs in psoriasis remains uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesised that IL-33 could promote MC activation to regulate psoriasis development. METHODS We performed experiments on wild-type (WT) and MC-deficient (Kit Wsh/Wsh) mice, established psoriasis-like mouse models using imiquimod (IMQ), and performed RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of skin lesions. Exogenous administration was performed using recombinant IL-33. Validation and evaluation were performed using PSI scoring, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. RESULTS We observed an upregulation in the number and activation of MCs in patients with psoriasis and in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Deficiency of MCs ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriatic dermatitis at an early stage. IL-33 is increased and co-localized with MCs in the dermis of psoriasis-like lesions using immunofluorescence. Compared to WT mice, IMQ-induced KitWsh/Wsh mice demonstrated a delayed response to exogenous IL-33. CONCLUSIONS MCs are activated by IL-33 in the early stages of psoriasis and exacerbate psoriasis-associated skin inflammation. The regulation of MC homeostasis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyue Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxi Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihao Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Ju
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Luan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiaan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Guo X, Xu X, Li T, Yu Q, Wang J, Chen Y, Ding S, Zhu L, Zou G, Zhang X. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation of Mast Cells by Estrogen via the Nuclear-Initiated Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Development of Endometriosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749979. [PMID: 34630429 PMCID: PMC8494307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease. The pathogenesis of endometriosis remains controversial, although it is generally accepted that the inflammatory immune response plays a crucial role in this process. Mast cells (MCs) are multifunctional innate immune cells that accumulate in endometriotic lesions. However, the molecular mechanism by which estrogen modulates MCs in the development of endometriosis is not well understood. Here we report that estrogen can induce the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) through estrogen receptor (ER)-α via the estrogen responsive element (ERE) in MCs. Such transcriptional regulation is necessary for the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of mature interleukin (IL)-1β in MCs. Targeted inhibition of NLRP3 significantly restrained lesion progression and fibrogenesis in a mouse model of endometriosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that MCs contribute to the development of endometriosis through NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by nuclear-initiated estrogen signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo Institution of Medical and Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaojie Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huarte E, Peel M, Juvekar A, Dubé P, Sarah S, Stephens L, Stewart B, Long B, Czerniak P, Oliver J, Smith P. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 selective inhibitor, ameliorates acute and chronic steroid-refractory GvHD mouse models. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:977-987. [PMID: 34184542 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication arising in patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Material & methods: We tested ruxolitinib (a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor) efficacy in three different preclinical models of GvHD. Results: Ruxolitinib, at doses that mimic clinically achievable human JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription target inhibition, significantly reduced alloreactive T-cell activation and infiltration in the lung and skin, leading to improved outcomes in two experimental models of steroid-refractory acute and chronic GvHD. Additionally, we describe a novel humanized GvHD model in which immunodeficient NOG animals are engineered to produce human IL-15 to facilitate enhanced T- and NK cell engraftment, leading to severe GvHD. Conclusion: Ruxolitinib treatment ameliorated disease symptoms resulting from targeted immune modulation via JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Michael Peel
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Ashish Juvekar
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Philip Dubé
- Taconic Biosciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sarala Sarah
- Taconic Biosciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Lynn Stephens
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Becky Stewart
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Philip Czerniak
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Julian Oliver
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Paul Smith
- Incyte Research Institute, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
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10
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Tissue mast cell counts may be associated with decreased severity of gastrointestinal acute GVHD and nonrelapse mortality. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2317-2324. [PMID: 32453837 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of mast cells in human graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are unknown. We studied 56 patients who had an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) with a biopsy for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) GVHD before any treatment (including steroids): 35 with GIT GVHD, 21 HCT recipients whose biopsies did not confirm GVHD, and 9 with a new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a comparison. The median number of mast cells (mean of CD117+ cells, counted in 3 selected spots under 40× magnification) was similar between patients with GVHD (59 cells) and those without GVHD (60 cells). However, the median number of mast cells was significantly associated with maximum clinical stage of GIT GVHD; the lowest counts of mast cells were observed in the highest clinical stage of GIT GVHD (stage 1, 80; stage 2, 69; stage 3, 54; stage 4, 26; P = .01). Moreover, every decrease by 10 mast cells was associated with increased nonrelapse mortality through 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00; P = .05). AlloHCT recipients all had significantly fewer mast cells, even those without GVHD compared with those with IBD (median, 59 vs 119; P < .01). The median number of GIT mast cells was also significantly lower in patients who received myeloablative conditioning (61.5 cells) than in those who received reduced intensity conditioning (78 cells) in the entire study population (P = .02). We conclude that GIT mast cells are depleted in all alloHCT patients, more prominently in those receiving myeloablative conditioning and those with severe GIT GVHD. Our novel findings warrant further investigation into the biological effects of mast cells in GIT GVHD.
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Strattan E, Hildebrandt GC. Mast Cell Involvement in Fibrosis in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2385. [PMID: 33673565 PMCID: PMC7956846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is most commonly a treatment for inborn defects of hematopoiesis or acute leukemias. Widespread use of HSCT, a potentially curative therapy, is hampered by onset of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), classified as either acute or chronic GVHD. While the pathology of acute GVHD is better understood, factors driving GVHD at the cellular and molecular level are less clear. Mast cells are an arm of the immune system that are known for atopic disease. However, studies have demonstrated that they can play important roles in tissue homeostasis and wound healing, and mast cell dysregulation can lead to fibrotic disease. Interestingly, in chronic GVHD, aberrant wound healing mechanisms lead to pathological fibrosis, but the cellular etiology driving this is not well-understood, although some studies have implicated mast cells. Given this novel role, we here review the literature for studies of mast cell involvement in the context of chronic GVHD. While there are few publications on this topic, the papers excellently characterized a niche for mast cells in chronic GVHD. These findings may be extended to other fibrosing diseases in order to better target mast cells or their mediators for treatment of fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Carl Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Sun Z, Burdick J. Senescence of fibroblastic reticular cells in draining lymph nodes: immunoregulation following transplantation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3965-3967. [PMID: 32597831 DOI: 10.1172/jci139153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is an intriguing site not only for inducing protective effector immunity but also for inducing tolerance against peripherally encountered antigens such as tissue-specific self-antigens that are regionally drained and through draining lymph nodes (DLNs). The dual functions of DLNs in immunity are attributable at least in part to fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), which are a major population of the nonhematopoietic compartment in the LN. In this issue of the JCI, Li, Zhao, and colleagues investigated DLNs in the transplantation setting. The authors demonstrated that, following skin transplantation, the donor mast cell-mediated senescence in FRCs was associated with collagen 1 deposition in DLNs. Systemic administration to mice of FRCs that were expanded ex vivo decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data implicate the DLN as a target for immunomodulatory therapy of transplant rejection.
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A Review of the Evidence for and against a Role for Mast Cells in Cutaneous Scarring and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249673. [PMID: 33353063 PMCID: PMC7766369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scars are generated in mature skin as a result of the normal repair process, but the replacement of normal tissue with scar tissue can lead to biomechanical and functional deficiencies in the skin as well as psychological and social issues for patients that negatively affect quality of life. Abnormal scars, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, and cutaneous fibrosis that develops in diseases such as systemic sclerosis and graft-versus-host disease can be even more challenging for patients. There is a large body of literature suggesting that inflammation promotes the deposition of scar tissue by fibroblasts. Mast cells represent one inflammatory cell type in particular that has been implicated in skin scarring and fibrosis. Most published studies in this area support a pro-fibrotic role for mast cells in the skin, as many mast cell-derived mediators stimulate fibroblast activity and studies generally indicate higher numbers of mast cells and/or mast cell activation in scars and fibrotic skin. However, some studies in mast cell-deficient mice have suggested that these cells may not play a critical role in cutaneous scarring/fibrosis. Here, we will review the data for and against mast cells as key regulators of skin fibrosis and discuss scientific gaps in the field.
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