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Gruber T, Lechner F, Krieger JP, García-Cáceres C. Neuroendocrine gut-brain signaling in obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38821753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rise and fall of several, largely unsuccessful, therapeutic attempts to bring the escalating obesity pandemic to a halt. Looking back to look ahead, the field has now put its highest hopes in translating insights from how the gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicates with the brain to calibrate behavior, physiology, and metabolism. A major focus of this review is to summarize the latest advances in comprehending the neuroendocrine aspects of this so-called 'gut-brain axis' and to explore novel concepts, cutting-edge technologies, and recent paradigm-shifting experiments. These exciting insights continue to refine our understanding of gut-brain crosstalk and are poised to promote the development of additional therapeutic avenues at the dawn of a new era of antiobesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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da C. Pinaffi-Langley AC, Melia E, Hays FA. Exploring the Gut-Mitochondrial Axis: p66Shc Adapter Protein and Its Implications for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3656. [PMID: 38612468 PMCID: PMC11011581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the multifaceted role of the p66Shc adaptor protein and the gut microbiota in regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, and their collective impact on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The study delves into the molecular mechanisms by which p66Shc influences cellular stress responses through Rac1 activation, Forkhead-type transcription factors inactivation, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, alongside modulatory effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and endotoxins. Employing an integrative approach, the review synthesizes findings from a broad array of studies, including molecular biology techniques and analyses of microbial metabolites' impacts on host cellular pathways. The results underscore a complex interplay between microbial metabolites, p66Shc activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting the significance of the gut microbiome in influencing disease outcomes through oxidative stress pathways. Conclusively, the review posits that targeting the gut microbiota-p66Shc-mitochondrial axis could offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating the development and progression of metabolic diseases. This underscores the potential of dietary interventions and microbiota modulation in managing oxidative stress and inflammation, pivotal factors in chronic disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara da C. Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Melia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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Flood P, Hanrahan N, Nally K, Melgar S. Human intestinal organoids: Modeling gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology - current applications and limitations. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250248. [PMID: 37957831 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids are an ideal model system for studying gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology. Altered physiology and mucosal immune response are hallmarks of numerous intestinal functional and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and obesity. These conditions impact the normal epithelial functions of the intestine, such as absorption, barrier function, secretion, and host-microbiome communication. They are accompanied by characteristic intestinal symptoms and have significant societal, economic, and healthcare burdens. To develop new treatment options, cutting-edge research is required to investigate their etiology and pathology. Human intestinal organoids derived from patient tissue recapitulate the key physiological and immunopathological aspects of these conditions, providing a promising platform for elucidating disease mechanisms. This review will summarize recent reports on patient-derived human small intestinal and colonic organoids and highlight how these models have been used to study intestinal epithelial functions in the context of inflammation, altered physiology, and immune response. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the various organoid systems in use and the techniques/assays currently available to study epithelial functions. Finally, it will conclude by discussing the limitations and future perspectives of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Flood
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Naomi Hanrahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Xiang L, Du T, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D 3 supplementation shapes the composition of gut microbiota and improves some obesity parameters induced by high-fat diet in mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:155-172. [PMID: 37740812 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with vitamin D (VD) insufficiency have a greater tendency to develop obesity and have increased systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota are involved in the regulation of host inflammation and energy metabolism, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of VD3 on body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function in obese mice and to explore the regulatory effect of VD3 on gut microbiota in obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice received a normal chow diet (NCD, 10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) to induce obesity within 10 weeks. Then, HFD mice were supplemented with 5650, 8475, or 11,300 IU VD3/kg diet for 8 weeks. Finally, 16 s rRNA analysis was performed to analyze gut microbiota composition in cecal contents. In addition, body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function were analyzed. RESULTS VD3 supplementation reduced body weight and the levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS, and increased ZO-1 in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, it increased α-diversity, reduced F/B ratio and altered microbiota composition by increasing relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrio, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Parabacteroides and reducing relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. There were significant differences between HFD and NCD groups in several metabolic pathways, including endotoxin biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid synthesis and metabolism, and glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Low, medium, and high doses of VD3 inhibited weight gain, reduced levels of blood lipids and inflammatory factors, and improved endotoxemia and gut barrier function in obese mice. It also increased the α-diversity of gut microbiota in obese mice and reduced the relative abundance of some intestinal pathogenic bacteria, increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, and corrected the intestinal flora disorder of obese mice, with the low- and high-dose groups showing better effects than the medium-dose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Zeng F, Li Y, Zhang X, Shen L, Zhao X, Beta T, Li B, Chen R, Huang W. Immune regulation and inflammation inhibition of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127700. [PMID: 37918584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides (ALP) are important active ingredients of burdocks with various bioactivities. In the present study, a crude polysaccharide was extracted from A. lappa L. roots and purified using DEAE-52 and Sephacryl™ S-400 columns to reach 99 % purity. This neutral polysaccharide contained fructose, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a ratio of 0.675:0.265:0.023:0.016 and had a Mw of 4256 Da. The immunomodulatory activity and intestinal inflammation inhibitory effects of ALP were investigated in in vitro models, including lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage RAW264.7 and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced colon Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that ALP possessed both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ALP was found to have inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by down-regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B signaling) pathway. It indicated that A. lappa L. was an ideal source of bioactive polysaccharides having potential to be developed as functional foods or nutraceuticals to improve immune system and prevent/treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Kidney Internal Medicine, Clinic Medical School, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Jiang G, Shao J, Tang T, Wang M, Wang J, Jia X, Lai S. TMT-Based Proteomics Analysis Revealed the Protein Changes in Perirenal Fat from Obese Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17167. [PMID: 38138996 PMCID: PMC10743514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, and there is a need for a deeper understanding of the complex pathogenesis underlying the obesity condition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate how a high-fat diet (HFD) affects protein expression in a female-rabbit model compared to a standard normal-diet group (SND), to gain comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity. To achieve this objective, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics analysis was conducted to examine the molecular changes occurring in the white adipose tissue (WAT) from the HFD and SND groups. The sequencing results identified a total of 4215 proteins, among which 151 proteins exhibited significant differential expression. Specifically, there were 85 upregulated proteins and 66 downregulated proteins in the HFD group compared to the SND group. Further analysis of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed their involvement in crucial biological processes, including energy metabolism, hormonal regulation, and inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the impact of HFD on protein expression in a female-rabbit model, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and the associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.J.); (J.S.); (T.T.); (M.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.)
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Zhou D, Li Y. Gut microbiota and tumor-associated macrophages: potential in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2276314. [PMID: 37943609 PMCID: PMC10653702 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2276314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoiding immune destruction and polymorphic microbiomes are two key hallmarks of cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for the development of solid tumors, and the function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME is closely linked to tumor prognosis. Therefore, research on TAMs could improve the progression and control of certain tumor patients. Additionally, the intestinal flora plays a crucial role in metabolizing substances and maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host through a complex network of interactions. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested a potential link between gut microbiome and TME, particularly in regulating TAMs. Understanding this association could improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. This review highlights the regulatory role of intestinal flora on TAMs, with a focus on gut microbiota and their metabolites. The implications of this association for tumor diagnosis and treatment are also discussed, providing a promising avenue for future clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Zhou
- The Second Affliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital / The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- The Second Affliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital / The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Zeng F, Li Y, Zhang X, Feng J, Gu W, Shen L, Huang W. Arctium lappa L. roots inhibit the intestinal inflammation of dietary obese rats through TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21562. [PMID: 38027866 PMCID: PMC10663856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term consumption of Arctium lappa L. roots can lead to weight loss. To explore the relationship between anti-obesity and anti-inflammation, the effects and mechanism of A. lappa L. root powder (ARP) on intestinal inflammation in obese rats were investigated. Dietary obese rats were successfully established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet. The control group (n = 6) consumed a normal diet. The intestines were compared among the groups (each n = 6) with and without the administration of ARP (intragastric 7.5 g/kg·bw/d). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis revealed that ARP effectively inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines in the colons of obese rats. These cytokines included interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The inhibition rates for all these cytokines exceeded 88 %. Moreover, ARP demonstrated the ability to down-regulate key genes involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complexes, namely Tlr4, myeloid differentiation protein-2 (Md2), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), along with downstream signaling molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), with inhibition rates over 81 %. Additionally, ARP was observed to inhibit protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the colons of obese rats, with inhibition rates of 65.6 ± 10.9 %, 84.4 ± 19.9 %, 80.8 ± 14.4 %, and 68.4 ± 17.5 %, respectively. This study confirmed the effectiveness of ARP in inhibiting intestinal inflammation through the blockade of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. It also suggested that ARP holds potential in improving intestinal health in the context of obesity, implying its possible application in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Jin Feng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Wen Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Castoldi A, Sanin DE, van Teijlingen Bakker N, Aguiar CF, de Brito Monteiro L, Rana N, Grzes KM, Kabat AM, Curtis J, Cameron AM, Caputa G, Antônio de Souza T, Souto FO, Buescher JM, Edwards-Hicks J, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ, Saraiva Camara NO. Metabolic and functional remodeling of colonic macrophages in response to high-fat diet-induced obesity. iScience 2023; 26:107719. [PMID: 37674984 PMCID: PMC10477064 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on resident colonic lamina propria (LP) macrophages (LPMs) function and metabolism. Here, we report that obesity and diabetes resulted in increased macrophage infiltration in the colon. These macrophages exhibited the residency phenotype CX3CR1hiMHCIIhi and were CD4-TIM4-. During HFD, resident colonic LPM exhibited a lipid metabolism gene expression signature that overlapped that used to define lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs). Via single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a sub-cluster of macrophages, increased in HFD, that were responsible for the LAM signature. Compared to other macrophages in the colon, these cells were characterized by elevated glycolysis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis signatures. CX3CR1hiMHCIIhi colonic resident LPMs had fewer lipid droplets (LDs) and decreased triacylglycerol (TG) content compared to equivalent cells in lean mice and exhibited increased phagocytic capacity, suggesting that HFD induces adaptive responses in LPMs to limit bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - David E. Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Grzes
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Agnieszka M. Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alanna M. Cameron
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - George Caputa
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Fabrício O. Souto
- Institute Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Joerg M. Buescher
- Metabolomics Facility, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J. Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bosch AJT, Rohm TV, AlAsfoor S, Low AJY, Baumann Z, Parayil N, Noreen F, Roux J, Meier DT, Cavelti-Weder C. Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP)-induced glucose intolerance is driven by an intestinal innate immune response and NLRP3 activation in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 37400850 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that air pollution particles reaching the gastrointestinal tract elicit gut inflammation as shown by up-regulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte/macrophage markers. This inflammatory response was associated with beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance. So far, it remains unclear whether gut inflammatory changes upon oral air pollution exposure are causally linked to the development of diabetes. Hence, our aim was to assess the role of immune cells in mediating glucose intolerance instigated by orally administered air pollutants. METHODS To assess immune-mediated mechanisms underlying air pollution-induced glucose intolerance, we administered diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST 1650b, 12 µg five days/week) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via gavage for up to 10 months to wild-type mice and mice with genetic or pharmacological depletion of innate or adaptive immune cells. We performed unbiased RNA-sequencing of intestinal macrophages to elucidate signaling pathways that could be pharmacologically targeted and applied an in vitro approach to confirm these pathways. RESULTS Oral exposure to air pollution particles induced an interferon and inflammatory signature in colon macrophages together with a decrease of CCR2- anti-inflammatory/resident macrophages. Depletion of macrophages, NLRP3 or IL-1β protected mice from air pollution-induced glucose intolerance. On the contrary, Rag2-/- mice lacking adaptive immune cells developed pronounced gut inflammation and glucose intolerance upon oral DEP exposure. CONCLUSION In mice, oral exposure to air pollution particles triggers an immune-mediated response in intestinal macrophages that contributes to the development of a diabetes-like phenotype. These findings point towards new pharmacologic targets in diabetes instigated by air pollution particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J T Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Theresa V Rohm
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Shefaa AlAsfoor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Andy J Y Low
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Zora Baumann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Neena Parayil
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Faiza Noreen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cavelti-Weder
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
- University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, 8009, Switzerland.
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13
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Jennings T, Janquart M, Washak C, Duddleston K, Kurtz C. What's gut got to do with it? The role of the microbiota and inflammation in the development of adiposity and obesity. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00029. [PMID: 37492183 PMCID: PMC10364962 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by increased adiposity, ie, the accumulation of lipids and the growth of adipose tissue. In this mini-review, we explore the important role of the gut microbiota and immune system in the development of adiposity. Dysbiosis of the microbiota leads to increased permeability of the gut barrier and bacterial products in the bloodstream, which triggers metabolic inflammation of adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. Inflammation in these highly metabolic organs exacerbates adiposity and contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity. Studies in animal models that manipulate the microbiota and/or inflammation have shown promise in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Mallory Janquart
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Catherine Washak
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Khrystyne Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Courtney Kurtz
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
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14
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Niño-Narvión J, Rojo-López MI, Martinez-Santos P, Rossell J, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Alonso N, Ramos-Molina B, Mauricio D, Julve J. NAD+ Precursors and Intestinal Inflammation: Therapeutic Insights Involving Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2992. [PMID: 37447318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a coenzyme for different NAD+-consuming enzymes involved in the physiological homeostasis of different organs and systems. In mammals, NAD+ is synthesized from either tryptophan or other vitamin B3 intermediates that act as NAD+ precursors. Recent research suggests that NAD+ precursors play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. Indeed, its deficiency has been associated with enhanced gut inflammation and leakage, and dysbiosis. Conversely, NAD+-increasing therapies may confer protection against intestinal inflammation in experimental conditions and human patients, with accumulating evidence indicating that such favorable effects could be, at least in part, mediated by concomitant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+-based treatments affect the microbiota are still poorly understood. In this context, we have focused specifically on the impact of NAD+ deficiency on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in animal and human models. We have further explored the relationship between NAD+ and improved host intestinal metabolism and immunity and the composition of microbiota in vivo. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to provide a new perspective on the effect of NAD+-increasing strategies on host intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Niño-Narvión
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Joana Rossell
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic/Central University of Catalonia (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Wang HW, Tang J, Sun L, Li Z, Deng M, Dai Z. Mechanism of immune attack in the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:494-511. [PMID: 37273249 PMCID: PMC10236992 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are widespread issues in adults, children, and adolescents globally, and have caused a noticeable rise in obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important promotor of the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM. This proinflammatory activation occurs in multiple organs and tissues. Immune cell-mediated systemic attack is considered to contribute strongly to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. This review focused on highlighting recent advances and underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses in the gut, islet, and insulin-targeting organs (adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle) in obesity-related T2DM. There is current evidence that both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the development of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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16
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Hegarty LM, Jones GR, Bain CC. Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00769-0. [PMID: 37069320 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet appear to be drivers of inflammation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How these peacekeepers become powerful aggressors in IBD is still unclear, but technological advances have revolutionized our understanding of many facets of their biology. In this Review, we discuss the progress made in understanding the heterogeneity of intestinal macrophages, the functions they perform in gut health and how the environment and origin can control the differentiation and longevity of these cells. We describe how these processes might change in the context of chronic inflammation and how aberrant macrophage behaviour contributes to IBD pathology, and discuss how therapeutic approaches might target dysregulated macrophages to dampen inflammation and promote mucosal healing. Finally, we set out key areas in the field of intestinal macrophage biology for which further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi M Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
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17
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Breznik JA, Jury J, Verdú EF, Sloboda DM, Bowdish DME. Diet-induced obesity alters intestinal monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages and increases intestinal permeability in female mice independent of tumor necrosis factor. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G305-G321. [PMID: 36749921 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00231.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for homeostatic maintenance of the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic intestinal environment, yet monocyte-derived macrophages can promote local inflammation. Proinflammatory macrophage accumulation within the intestines may contribute to the development of systemic chronic inflammation and immunometabolic dysfunction in obesity. Using a model of high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J female mice, we assessed intestinal paracellular permeability by in vivo and ex vivo assays and quantitated intestinal macrophages in ileum and colon tissues by multicolor flow cytometry after short (6 wk), intermediate (12 wk), and prolonged (18 wk) diet allocation. We characterized monocyte-derived CD4-TIM4- and CD4+TIM4- macrophages, as well as tissue-resident CD4+TIM4+ macrophages. Diet-induced obesity had tissue- and time-dependent effects on intestinal permeability, as well as monocyte and macrophage numbers, surface marker phenotype, and intracellular production of the cytokines IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We found that obese mice had increased paracellular permeability, in particular within the ileum, but this did not elicit recruitment of monocytes nor a local proinflammatory response by monocyte-derived or tissue-resident macrophages in either the ileum or colon. Proliferation of monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages was also unchanged. Wild-type and TNF-/- littermate mice had similar intestinal permeability and macrophage population characteristics in response to diet-induced obesity. These data are unique from reported effects of diet-induced obesity on macrophages in metabolic tissues, as well as outcomes of acute inflammation within the intestines. These experiments also collectively indicate that TNF does not mediate effects of diet-induced obesity on paracellular permeability or intestinal monocyte-derived and tissue-resident intestinal macrophages in young female mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that diet-induced obesity in female mice has tissue- and time-dependent effects on intestinal paracellular permeability as well as monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophage numbers, surface marker phenotype, and intracellular production of the cytokines IL-10 and TNF. These changes were not mediated by TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Breznik
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Mocanu V, Verhoeff K, Dang J, Birch DW, Karmali S, Switzer NJ. Post-Operative but Not Pre-Operative COVID-19 Predicts Serious Complications and Mortality Following Elective Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2023; 33:1202-1210. [PMID: 36808387 PMCID: PMC9938678 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to characterize the prevalence and subsequent impact of pre- and post-operative COVID-19 diagnosis on bariatric surgery outcomes. COVID-19 has transformed surgical delivery, yet little is known regarding its implications for bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Metabolic and Bariatric Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database was evaluated with three cohorts described: those diagnosed with COVID-19 pre-operatively (PRE), post-operatively (POST), and those without a peri-operative COVID-19 (NO) diagnosis. Pre-operative COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 within 14 days prior to the primary procedure while post-operative COVID-19 infection was defined as COVID-19 within 30 days after the primary procedure. RESULTS A total of 176,738 patients were identified, of which 174,122 (98.5%) had no perioperative COVID-19, 1364 (0.8%) had pre-operative COVID-19, and 1252 (0.7%) had post-operative COVID-19. Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 post-operatively were younger than other groups (43.0 ± 11.6 years NO vs 43.1 ± 11.6 years PRE vs 41.5 ± 10.7 years POST; p < 0.001). Pre-operative COVID-19 was not associated with serious complications or mortality after adjusting for comorbidities. Post-operative COVID-19, however, was among the greatest independent predictors of serious complications (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.8-4.2; p < 0.0001) and mortality (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.8-14.1; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Pre-operative COVID-19 within 14 days of surgery was not significantly associated with either serious complications or mortality. This work provides evidence that a more liberal strategy which employs early surgery after COVID-19 infection is safe as we aim to reduce the current bariatric surgery case backlog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Dvorkin Lounge Mailroom 2G2, 8440 112 St. NW, EdmontonAlberta, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Dvorkin Lounge Mailroom 2G2, 8440 112 St. NW, EdmontonAlberta, T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Jerry Dang
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel W. Birch
- grid.416087.c0000 0004 0572 6214Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation (CASES), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- grid.416087.c0000 0004 0572 6214Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation (CASES), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Noah J. Switzer
- grid.416087.c0000 0004 0572 6214Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation (CASES), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB Canada
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19
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Fu Y, Ji W, Liu Q, Zhang L, Li C, Huan Y, Lei L, Gao X, Chen L, Feng C, Lei L, Zhai J, Li P, Cao H, Liu S, Shen Z. Voglibose Regulates the Secretion of GLP-1 Accompanied by Amelioration of Ileal Inflammatory Damage and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic KKAy Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415938. [PMID: 36555580 PMCID: PMC9786790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Voglibose is an α-glycosidase inhibitor that improves postprandial hyperglycemia and increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the anti-inflammatory effects of voglibose on the intestine, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of voglibose on glycemic control and intestinal inflammation. Type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were treated with voglibose (1 mg/kg) by oral gavage once daily. After 8 weeks, glucose metabolism, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), systematic inflammatory factors, intestinal integrity and inflammation were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Voglibose ameliorated glucose metabolism by enhancing basal- and glucose-dependent GLP-1 secretion. Several beneficial SCFAs, such as acetic acid and propionic acid, were increased by voglibose in the fecal sample. Additionally, voglibose notably decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B but increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum, thus markedly improving intestinal inflammatory damage and reducing the systematic inflammatory factors. Ileal genomics and protein validation suggested that voglibose attenuated inositol-requiring protein 1α-X-box binding protein 1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Together, these results showed that voglibose enhanced the secretion of GLP-1, which contributed to the glycemic control in KKAy mice at least in part by regulating intestinal inflammation and the expression of ERS factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Records, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Caina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cunyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liran Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiayu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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20
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Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Kolesnikova IM, Gaponov AM, Roumiantsev SA, Karbyshev MS, Grigoryeva TV, Makarov VV, Yudin SM, Borisenko OV, Shestopalov AV. Relationship between Blood Microbiome and Neurotrophin Levels in Different Metabolic Types of Obesity. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Pinget GV, Tan JK, Ni D, Taitz J, Daien CI, Mielle J, Moore RJ, Stanley D, Simpson S, King NJC, Macia L. Dysbiosis in imiquimod-induced psoriasis alters gut immunity and exacerbates colitis development. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111191. [PMID: 35977500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis has long been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, a causal link is yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that imiquimod-induced psoriasis (IMQ-pso) in mice disrupts gut homeostasis, characterized by increased proportions of colonic CX3CR1hi macrophages, altered cytokine production, and bacterial dysbiosis. Gut microbiota from these mice produce higher levels of succinate, which induce de novo proliferation of CX3CR1hi macrophages ex vivo, while disrupted gut homeostasis primes IMQ-pso mice for more severe colitis with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) challenge. These results demonstrate that changes in the gut environment in psoriasis lead to greater susceptibility to IBD in mice, suggesting a two-hit requirement, that is, psoriasis-induced altered gut homeostasis and a secondary environmental challenge. This may explain the increased prevalence of IBD in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jian Kai Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Claire Immediato Daien
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier & INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, PhyMedExp, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mielle
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier & INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, PhyMedExp, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Kawana, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Stephen Simpson
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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You H, Tan Y, Yu D, Qiu S, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. The Therapeutic Effect of SCFA-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Environment on Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886902. [PMID: 35662937 PMCID: PMC9157426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal environment disorder is a potential pathological mechanism of obesity. There is increasing evidence that disorders in the homeostasis of the intestinal environment can affect various metabolic organs, such as fat and liver, and lead to metabolic diseases. However, there are few therapeutic approaches for obesity targeting the intestinal environment. In this review, on the one hand, we discuss how intestinal microbial metabolites SCFA regulate intestinal function to improve obesity and the possible mechanisms and pathways related to obesity-related pathological processes (depending on SCFA-related receptors such as GPCRs, MCT and SMCT, and through epigenetic processes). On the other hand, we discuss dietary management strategies to enrich SCFA-producing bacteria and target specific SCFA-producing bacteria and whether fecal bacteria transplantation therapy to restore the composition of the gut microbiota to regulate SCFA can help prevent or improve obesity. Finally, we believe that it will be of great significance to establish a working model of gut– SCFA– metabolic disease development in the future for the improvement this human health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin You
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Qiu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Liu Y, Han X, Cai M, Jin S, Yan Z, Lu H, Chen Q. Jianpi Qinghua Fomula alleviates insulin resistance via restraining of MAPK pathway to suppress inflammation of the small intestine in DIO mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:129. [PMID: 35534842 PMCID: PMC9088054 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jianpi Qinghua Fomula (JPQHF), a clinically proven prescription,has been applied to cure insulin resistance(IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for more than 20 years. Here, we will unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms relevant to the therapeutic actions of JPQHF. Methods High-fat(HF)diet-induced obesity(DIO)mouse were established in our research, along with insulin resistance. After the administration of JPQHF 5 or 6 weeks, the parameters of the glucose and lipid metabolism were measured. Flow cytometry and Luminex were utilized to assess the inflammation in small intestine,whilst Western blot was used to determine the relative expression levels of the MAPK pathway-related proteins. The glucose and lipid transporter of small intestine was assessed by immunofluorescence and ELISA, and the expression of insulin signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. Results The metabolic phenotypes of DIO mouse were ameliorated after 6-week oral administration of JPQHF; Meanwhile,JPQHF downregulated levels of IL-1β,IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ but upregulated the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages in the small intestine. The elevated expressions of p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK、p-JNK/JNK and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 were reversed by JPQHF. Moreover, JPQHF enhanced expression of PI3K,p-AKT/AKT, p-IRS1/ IRS1, p-IRS2/ IRS2 and apoB48 in small intestine, and facilitated the translocation of GLUT2 to the basal side of small intestine epithelial cells. Conclusion JPQHF alleviates insulin resistance in DIO mice, and this effect may be associated with its restraining of inflammation of small intestine via attenuating MAPK pathway, and then diminishes small intestinal glucose and lipid absorption. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03595-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjie Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shenyi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qingguang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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25
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Rohm TV, Keller L, Bosch AJT, AlAsfoor S, Baumann Z, Thomas A, Wiedemann SJ, Steiger L, Dalmas E, Wehner J, Rachid L, Mooser C, Yilmaz B, Fernandez Trigo N, Jauch AJ, Wueest S, Konrad D, Henri S, Niess JH, Hruz P, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Roux J, Meier DT, Cavelti-Weder C. Targeting colonic macrophages improves glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:370. [PMID: 35440795 PMCID: PMC9018739 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues to worsen worldwide. However, the mechanisms initiating glucose dysregulation in obesity remain poorly understood. We assessed the role that colonic macrophage subpopulations play in glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Concurrent with glucose intolerance, pro-inflammatory/monocyte-derived colonic macrophages increased in mice fed a HFD. A link between macrophage numbers and glycemia was established by pharmacological dose-dependent ablation of macrophages. In particular, colon-specific macrophage depletion by intrarectal clodronate liposomes improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion capacity. Colonic macrophage activation upon HFD was characterized by an interferon response and a change in mitochondrial metabolism, which converged in mTOR as a common regulator. Colon-specific mTOR inhibition reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages and ameliorated insulin secretion capacity, similar to colon-specific macrophage depletion, but did not affect insulin sensitivity. Thus, pharmacological targeting of colonic macrophages could become a potential therapy in obesity to improve glycemic control. Expansion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the colon occurs early after high-fat diet initiation, prior to macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue, in a microbiome-dependent fashion. Macrophage depletion systemically and/or exclusively in the colon improves glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V Rohm
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Keller
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela J T Bosch
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shefaa AlAsfoor
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zora Baumann
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophia J Wiedemann
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Steiger
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josua Wehner
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Rachid
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Mooser
- Department of Visceral Surgery und Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery und Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nerea Fernandez Trigo
- Department of Visceral Surgery und Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annaise J Jauch
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jan H Niess
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department of Visceral Surgery und Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cavelti-Weder
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Li G, Zhang H, Cao K, Zhai Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Han J. Transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue identifies an inflammation-related ceRNA network that regulates obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1095-1106. [PMID: 35064875 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an epidemic of widespread concern, but the underlying causes remain elusive. In this study, whole transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed differential profiles of noncoding (nc) RNAs and mRNAs in visceral adipose tissue from obese (BMI > 32.5 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 20 kg/m2) individuals, with 1920 differentially expressed genes, 1466 long noncoding (lnc) RNAs, 122 micro (mi) RNAs, and 52 circular (circ) RNAs identified. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that these ncRNAs were involved in inflammation-related pathways that included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. The results indicated a critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. The network interaction of lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA revealed a competing endogenous (ce) RNA network that was associated with inflammation. The ceRNA network included circORC5/miR-197-5p/TNFRSF10D and circNTRK2/miR-760/LAT, which were dysregulated in obese patients. In conclusion, this whole transcriptome study provided a pool of data that will be useful for identifying biomarkers of obesity and identified an obesity-associated ceRNA network that is regulated by circORC5 and circNTRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbin Li
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhai
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiagang Han
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity 2022; 55:31-55. [PMID: 35021057 PMCID: PMC8773457 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state contributes to long-term complications of diabetes, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and nephropathy, and may underlie the association of type 2 diabetes with other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity, T2D, and related disorders. We discuss how chronic tissue inflammation results in IR, impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance, and T2D and review the effect of inflammation on diabetic complications and on the relationship between T2D and other pathologies. In this context, we discuss current therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease, advances in the clinic and the potential of immune-modulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V. Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel T. Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Correspondence:
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Gan Z, Zhang M, Xie D, Wu X, Hong C, Fu J, Fan L, Wang S, Han S. Glycinergic Signaling in Macrophages and Its Application in Macrophage-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762564. [PMID: 34675940 PMCID: PMC8523992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences support that amino acids direct the fate decision of immune cells. Glycine is a simple structural amino acid acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Besides, glycine receptors as well as glycine transporters are found in macrophages, indicating that glycine alters the functions of macrophages besides as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Mechanistically, glycine shapes macrophage polarization via cellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, NRF2, and Akt) and microRNAs. Moreover, glycine has beneficial effects in preventing and/or treating macrophage-associated diseases such as colitis, NAFLD and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Collectively, this review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xie
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Hong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sufang Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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