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Ebo DG, Bahri R, Tontini C, Van Gasse AL, Mertens C, Hagendorens MM, Sabato V, Elst J. Mast cell versus basophil activation test in allergy: Current status. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:378-387. [PMID: 38686464 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, we witnessed the evolution of the basophil activation test (BAT) from mainly research applications to a potential complementary diagnostic tool to document IgE-dependent allergies. However, BAT presents some technical weaknesses. Around 10%-15% of tested patients are non-responders, BAT can be negative immediately post-reaction and the use of fresh basophils, ideally analysed within 4 h of collection, restricts the number of tests that can be performed per sample. The need for fresh basophils is especially limiting when conducting batch analyses and interlaboratory comparisons to harmonize BAT methodology. These limitations significantly hinder the wider application of BAT and urge the development of alternative testing, such as the mast cell activation test (MAT). The essential difference between BAT and MAT is the heterogeneity of the starting material used to perform the assays. Mast cells are tissue-resident, so cannot be easily accessed. Current alternative sources for functional studies are generating primary human mast cells, differentiated from donor progenitor cells, or using immortalized mast cell lines. Hence, the methodological approaches for MAT are not only vastly different from BAT, but also different among MAT protocols. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of BAT and MAT assays, dedicating special attention to elucidating the key differences between the cellular sources used and provides an overview of studies hitherto performed comparing BAT and MAT in the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food and drug allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier G Ebo
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Immunology - Allergology AZ Jan Palfijn, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Musculo-skeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Musculo-skeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Jordan J, Levy JH, Gonzalez-Estrada A. Perioperative anaphylaxis: updates on pathophysiology. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:00130832-990000000-00125. [PMID: 38743470 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Perioperative anaphylaxis has historically been attributed to IgE/FcεRI-mediated reactions; there is now recognition of allergic and nonallergic triggers encompassing various reactions beyond IgE-mediated responses. This review aims to present recent advancements in knowledge regarding the mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative anaphylaxis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence highlights the role of the mast-cell related G-coupled protein receptor X2 pathway in direct mast cell degranulation, shedding light on previously unknown mechanisms. This pathway, alongside traditional IgE/FcεRI-mediated reactions, contributes to the complex nature of anaphylactic reactions. Investigations into the microbiota-anaphylaxis connection are ongoing, with potential implications for future treatment strategies. While serum tryptase levels serve as mast cell activation indicators, identifying triggers remains challenging. A range of mediators have been associated with anaphylaxis, including vasoactive peptides, proteases, lipid molecules, cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, complement components, and coagulation factors. SUMMARY Further understanding of clinical endotypes and the microenvironment where anaphylactic reactions unfold is essential for standardizing mediator testing and characterization in perioperative anaphylaxis. Ongoing research aims to elucidate the mechanisms, pathways, and mediators involved across multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and integumentary systems, which will be crucial for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jordan
- TMC Health Medical Education Program, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Alvarez-Arango S, Kumar M, Chow TG, Sabato V. Non-IgE-Mediated Immediate Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1109-1119. [PMID: 38423288 PMCID: PMC11081849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Immediate drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions (IDHSRs) have conventionally been attributed to an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanism. Nevertheless, it has now been acknowledged that IDHSRs can also occur independently of IgE involvement. Non-IgE-mediated IDHSRs encompass the activation of effector cells, both mast cell-dependent and -independent and the initiation of inflammatory pathways through immunogenic and nonimmunogenic mechanisms. The IDHSRs involve inflammatory mediators beyond histamine, including the platelet-activating factor, which activates multiple cell types, including smooth muscle, endothelium, and MC, and evidence supports its importance in IgE-mediated reactions in humans. Clinically, distinguishing IgE from non-IgE mechanisms is crucial for future treatment strategies, including drug(s) restriction, readministration approaches, and pretreatment considerations. However, this presents significant challenges because certain drugs can trigger both mechanisms, and their presentations can appear similarly, ranging from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Thus, history alone is often inadequate for differentiation, and skin tests lack a standardized approach. Moreover, drug-specific IgE immunoassays have favorable specificity but low sensitivity, and the usefulness of the basophil activation test remains debatable. Lastly, no biomarker reliably differentiates between both mechanisms. Whereas non-IgE-mediated mechanisms likely predominate in IDHSRs, reclassifying most drug-related IDHSRs as non-IgE-mediated, with suggested prevention through dose administration adjustments, is premature and risky. Therefore, continued research and validated diagnostic tests are crucial to improving our capacity to distinguish between these mechanisms, ultimately enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez-Arango
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Timothy G Chow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Savic L, Hopkins PM. Pholcodine and allergy to neuromuscular blocking agents: where are we and how did we get here? Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:457-460. [PMID: 38071149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the purported link between pholcodine and neuromuscular blocking agent allergy, screening for prior pholcodine use offers no practical benefit to patients, and anaesthetists should continue to use a neuromuscular blocking agent where this is clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Savic
- Department of Anaesthesia, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Philip M Hopkins
- Department of Anaesthesia, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Doña I, Torres MJ, Celik G, Phillips E, Tanno LK, Castells M. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of drug allergy. Allergy 2024; 79:613-628. [PMID: 38084822 DOI: 10.1111/all.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Drug allergy (DA) remains a complex and unaddressed problem worldwide that often deprives patients of optimal medication choices and places them at risk for life-threatening reactions. Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are common and due to the lack of standardized definitions and biomarkers. The true burden of DA is unknown, and recent efforts in data gathering through electronic medical records are starting to provide emerging patterns around the world. Ten percent of the general population engaged in health care claim to have a DA, and the most common label is penicillin allergy. Up to 20% of emergency room visits for anaphylaxis are due to DA and 15%-20% of hospitalized patients report DA. It is estimated that DA will increase based on the availability and use of new and targeted antibiotics, vaccines, chemotherapies, biologicals, and small molecules, which are aimed at improving patient's options and quality of life. Global and regional variations in the prevalence of diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterial diseases, and the drugs used to treat these infections have an impact on DA. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the global impact of DA by presenting emerging data on drug epidemiology in adult and pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculada Doña
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gulfem Celik
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Center for Drug Safety and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luciana Kase Tanno
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR UA11 University of Montpellier-INSERM, Montpellier, France
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Elst J, Van Houdt M, van der Poorten MLM, Van Gasse AL, Mertens C, Toscano A, Beyens M, De Boeck E, Sabato V, Ebo DG. Comparison of the passive mast cell activation test with the basophil activation test for diagnosis of perioperative rocuronium hypersensitivity. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:483-490. [PMID: 37031026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rocuronium is a major cause of perioperative hypersensitivity (POH). Skin tests (STs) and quantification of specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (sIgEs) can yield incongruent results. In such difficult cases, the basophil activation test (BAT) can be helpful. Here, we evaluated the passive mast cell activation test (pMAT) as a substitute of BAT as part of the diagnostic tests for rocuronium allergy. METHODS Sera from patients with a suspected POH reaction potentially related to rocuronium were included. All patients had a complete diagnostic investigation, including STs, quantification of sIgEs to morphine and rocuronium, and BAT. For execution of pMAT, human mast cells were generated from healthy donor peripheral blood CD34+ progenitor cells and sensitised overnight with patient sera. RESULTS In total, 90 sera were studied: 41 from ST+sIgE+ patients, 13 from ST-sIgE- patients, 20 from ST+sIgE- patients, and 16 from ST-sIgE+ patients. According to BAT results, patients were further allocated into subgroups. Of the 38 BAT+ patients, 25 (66%) showed a positive pMAT as well. Of the 44 BAT- patients, 43 (98%) also showed a negative pMAT. Mast cells that were not passively sensitised did not respond to rocuronium. CONCLUSIONS We show that the pMAT, in many cases, can substitute for BAT in the diagnosis of rocuronium hypersensitivity and advance diagnosis in difficult cases with uncertain ST or sIgE results when BAT is not locally available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Van Houdt
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Line M van der Poorten
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Toscano
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Beyens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Boeck
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
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La Sorda M, Fossati M, Graffeo R, Ferraironi M, De Rosa MC, Buzzonetti A, Righino B, Zampetti N, Fattorossi A, Nucera E, Aruanno A, Ferrandina G, Apostol AI, Buonomo A, Scambia G, Sanguinetti M, Battaglia A. A Modified Basophil Activation Test for the Clinical Management of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Paclitaxel: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5818. [PMID: 38136365 PMCID: PMC10741873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (iHSRs) to taxanes are observed in 6% and 4% of gynecologic and breast cancer patients, respectively. Drug desensitization is the only option, as no comparable alternative therapy is available. Surfactants in the taxane formulation have been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of iHSRs, although sporadic skin test (ST) positivity and iHSRs to nab-paclitaxel have suggested the involvement of the taxane moiety and/or IgE-mediated pathomechanisms. In vitro diagnostic tests might offer insights into mechanisms underlying iHSRs to taxanes. The aim of the present study was to address this unmet need by developing a novel basophil activation test (BAT). The study included patients (n = 31) undergoing paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy. Seventeen patients presented with iHSRs to paclitaxel (iHSR-Taxpos), and eleven were tolerant (iHSR-Taxneg). Fourteen patients presented with iHSRs to carboplatin (iHSR-Plpos), and fourteen were tolerant (iHSR-Plneg). The BAT median stimulation index (SI) values were 1.563 (range, 0.02-4.11; n = 11) and -0.28 (range -4.88-0.07, n = 11) in iHSR-Taxpos and iHSR-Taxneg, respectively. The BAT median SI values were 4.45 (range, 0.1-26.7; n = 14) and 0 (range, -0.51-1.65; n = 12) in iHSR-Plpos and iHSR-Plneg, respectively. SI levels were not associated with iHSR severity grading. Comparing BAT results in iHSR-Taxpos and iHSR-Taxneg showed the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to be 0.9752 (p = 0.0002). The cutoff calculated by the maximized likelihood ratio identified 90.91% of iHSR-Taxpos patients and 90.91% of iHSR-Taxneg patients. Comparing BAT results for iHSR-Plpos and iHSR-Plneg showed the area under the ROC curve to be 0.9286 (p = 0.0002). The cutoff calculated by the maximized likelihood ratio identified 78.57% of iHSR-Plpos patients and 91.67% of iHSR-Plneg patients. Most iHSR-Taxpos patients for which ST was available (10/11) scored ST-negative and BAT-positive, whereas most iHSR-Plpos patients for which ST was available (14/14) scored both BAT- and ST-positive. This suggested the intervention of non-IgE-mediated mechanisms in iHSR-Taxpos patients. Consistent with this view, an in silico molecular docking analysis predicted the high affinity of paclitaxel to the degranulation-competent MRGPRX2 receptor. This hypothesis warrants further in vitro investigations. In conclusion, the present study provides preliminary proof-of-concept evidence that this novel BAT has potential utility in understanding mechanisms underlying iHSRs to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena La Sorda
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.L.S.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Fossati
- Cytometry Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.B.); (N.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Rosalia Graffeo
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.L.S.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Ferraironi
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.L.S.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina De Rosa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘‘Giulio Natta’’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- Cytometry Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.B.); (N.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Benedetta Righino
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘‘Giulio Natta’’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Nicole Zampetti
- Cytometry Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.B.); (N.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Cytometry Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.B.); (N.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Eleonora Nucera
- Allergy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Aruanno
- Allergy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Gynecology Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Adriana Ionelia Apostol
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Buonomo
- Allergy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Gynecology Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.L.S.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Battaglia
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Jeong J, Yun JE, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Seo JH, Lee SY, Kim WH, Seo JH, Kang HR. Neuromuscular blocking agent re-exposure in a retrospective cohort with neuromuscular blocking agent-associated anaphylaxis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:637-644.e1. [PMID: 37356714 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are one of the most common causes of perioperative anaphylaxis. Although skin test positivity may help identify reactive NMBAs, it is unclear whether skin test negativity can guarantee the safety of systemically administered NMBAs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the real-world safety of alternative NMBAs screened using skin tests in patients with suspected NMBA-induced anaphylaxis. METHODS A retrospective cohort of suspected NMBA-induced anaphylaxis were recruited among patients at Seoul National University Hospital from June 2009 to May 2021, and their characteristics and outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A total of 47 cases (0.017%) of suspected anaphylaxis occurred in 282,707 patients who received NMBAs. Cardiovascular manifestations were observed in 95.7%, whereas cutaneous findings were observed in 59.6%. Whereas 83% had a history of undergoing general anesthesia, 17% had no history of NMBA use. In skin tests, the overall positivity to any NMBA was 94.6% (81.1% to culprit NMBAs) and the cross-reactivity was 75.7%, which is related to the chemical structural similarity among NMBAs; the cross-reactivity and chemical structure similarity of rocuronium were 85.3% and 0.814, respectively, with vecuronium; this is in contrast to 50% and 0.015 with cisatracurium and 12.5% and 0.208 with succinylcholine. There were 15 patients who underwent subsequent surgery with a skin test-negative NMBA; whereas 80.0% (12/15) safely completed surgery, 20.0% (3/15) experienced hypotension. CONCLUSION Similarities in chemical structure may contribute to the cross-reactivity of NMBAs in skin tests. Despite the high negative predictability of skin tests for suspected NMBA-induced anaphylaxis, the potential risk of recurrent anaphylaxis has not been eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jee Kim
- Drug Safety Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jang
- Drug Safety Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Seo
- Drug Safety Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Drug Safety Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Seo
- Department of Anesthesology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Drug Safety Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Baldo BA. MRGPRX2, drug pseudoallergies, inflammatory diseases, mechanisms and distinguishing MRGPRX2- and IgE/FcεRI-mediated events. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:3232-3246. [PMID: 37430437 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MRGPRX2, a novel Gaq -coupled human mast cell receptor, mediates non-immune adverse reactions without the involvement of antibody priming. Constitutively expressed by human skin mast cells, MRGPRX2 modulates cell degranulation producing pseudoallergies manifesting as itch, inflammation and pain. The term pseudoallergy is defined in relation to adverse drug reactions in general and immune/non-immune-mediated reactions in particular. A list of drugs with MRGPRX2 activity is presented, including a detailed examination of three important and widely used approved therapies: neuromuscular blockers, quinolones and opioids. For the clinician, the significance of MRGPRX2 is considered as an aid in distinguishing and ultimately identifying specific immune and non-immune inflammatory reactions. Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions, neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory diseases with a clear or strongly suspected association with MRGPRX2 activation are examined. Inflammatory diseases include chronic urticaria, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, mastocytosis, allergic asthma, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MRGPRX2- and allergic IgE/FcεRI-mediated reactions may be clinically similar. Importantly, the usual testing procedures do not distinguish the two mechanisms. Currently, identification of MRGPRX2 activation and diagnosis of pseudoallergic reactions is generally viewed as a process of exclusion once other non-immune and immune processes, particularly IgE/FcεRI-mediated degranulation of mast cells, are ruled out. This does not take into account that MRGPRX2 signals via β-arrestin, which can be utilized to detect MRGPRX2 activation by employing MRGPRX2 transfected cells to assess MRGPRX2 activation via two pathways, the G-protein-independent β-arrestin pathway and the G-protein-dependent Ca2+ pathway. Testing procedures, interpretations for distinguishing mechanisms, patient diagnosis, agonist identification and drug safety evaluations are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Baldo
- Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Ramsey A, Rozario C, Stern J. Direct challenges are the gold standard for most antibiotic allergy evaluations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:427-433. [PMID: 37031773 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic allergies are frequently encountered in clinical practice, and delabeling of these allergies has individual and public health benefits. This review focuses on the evidence supporting graded challenges without preceding skin testing in adult and pediatric patients to the major groups of antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, metronidazole, carbapenems, and aztreonam. The cost savings, time savings, and evidence for performing graded challenges outside of an allergy/immunology office are also reviewed for graded challenges to penicillins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ramsey
- Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Cheryl Rozario
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jessica Stern
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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11
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Ebo DG, van der Poorten MLM, Hopkins PM. Suspected perioperative anaphylaxis: are we making the correct diagnosis? Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00235-0. [PMID: 37271719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a commentary on aspects of a prospective study of the epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis in Japan (Japanese Epidemiologic Study for Perioperative Anaphylaxis [JESPA]). Accurate diagnosis of perioperative anaphylaxis is important for research but essential for clinical safety. We evaluate the diagnostic approach used in the JESPA study and caution against over-reliance on diagnostic tests that lack sensitivity and specificity when clinical data suggest an immediate perioperative hypersensitivity reaction is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital and the Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Line M van der Poorten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital and the Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip M Hopkins
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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12
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Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Metz M, Kolkhir P, Kocatürk E, Scheffel J, Frischbutter S, Terhorst-Molawi D, Fox L, Maurer M. Chronic urticaria and the pathogenic role of mast cells. Allergol Int 2023:S1323-8930(23)00047-3. [PMID: 37210251 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The signs and symptoms of chronic urticaria (CU) are caused by the activation and degranulation of skin mast cells (MCs). Recent studies have added to our understanding of how and why skin MCs are involved and different in CU. Also, novel and relevant mechanisms of MC activation in CU have been identified and characterized. Finally, the use of MC-targeted and MC mediator-specific treatments has helped to better define the role of the skin environment, the contribution of specific MC mediators, and the relevance of MC crosstalk with other cells in the pathogenesis of CU. Here, we review these recent findings and their impact on our understanding of CU, with a focus on chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Also, we highlight open questions, issues of controversy, and unmet needs, and we suggest what studies should be performed moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Fox
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Ebo DG, Vlaeminck N, van der Poorten MLM, Elst J, Toscano A, Van Gasse AL, Hagendorens MM, Aerts S, Adriaensens I, Saldien V, Sabato V. A quarter of a century fundamental and translational research in perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis at the Antwerp university hospital, a Belgian Centre of Excellence of the World Allergy Organization. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100759. [PMID: 37025251 PMCID: PMC10070178 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative hypersensitivity constitutes an important health issue, with potential dramatic consequences of diagnostic mistakes. However, safe and correct diagnosis is not always straightforward, mainly because of the application of incorrect nomenclature, absence of easy accessible in-vitro/ex-vivo tests and uncertainties associated with the non-irritating skin test concentrations. In this editorial we summarize the time line, seminal findings, and major realizations of 25 years of research on the mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of perioperative hypersensitivity.
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14
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Kolkhir P, Ali H, Babina M, Ebo D, Sabato V, Elst J, Frischbutter S, Pyatilova P, Maurer M. MRGPRX2 in drug allergy: What we know and what we do not know. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:410-412. [PMID: 36089079 PMCID: PMC9905269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Pyatilova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Sabato V, Ebo DG, Van Der Poorten MLM, Toscano A, Van Gasse AL, Mertens C, Van Houdt M, Beyens M, Elst J. Allergenic and Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Activating Properties of Drugs: Resolving the Two. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:395-404. [PMID: 36581077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the seminal description implicating occupation of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) in mast cell (MC) degranulation by drugs, many investigations have been undertaken into this potential new endotype of immediate drug hypersensitivity reaction. However, current evidence for this mechanism predominantly comes from (mutant) animal models or in vitro studies, and irrefutable clinical evidence in humans is still missing. Moreover, translation of these preclinical findings into clinical relevance in humans is difficult and should be critically interpreted. Starting from our clinical priorities and experience with flow-assisted functional analyses of basophils and cultured human MCs, the objectives of this rostrum are to identify some of these difficulties, emphasize the obstacles that might hamper translation from preclinical observations into the clinics, and highlight differences between IgE- and MRPGRX2-mediated reactions. Inevitably, as with any subject still beset by many questions, alternative interpretations, hypotheses, or explanations expressed here may not find universal acceptance. Nevertheless, we believe that for the time being, many questions remain unanswered. Finally, a theoretical mechanistic algorithm is proposed that might advance discrimination between MC degranulation from MRGPRX2 activation and cross-linking of membrane-bound drug-reactive IgE antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Line M Van Der Poorten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp, Belgium, and Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Toscano
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp, Belgium, and Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Van Houdt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Beyens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Toscano A, Elst J, Van Gasse AL, Beyens M, van der Poorten ML, Bridts CH, Mertens C, Van Houdt M, Hagendorens MM, Van Remoortel S, Timmermans JP, Ebo DG, Sabato V. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor MRGPRX2 in human basophils: Expression and functional studies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1026304. [PMID: 36726977 PMCID: PMC9885256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occupancy of MRGPRX2 heralds a new era in our understandings of immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs), but a constitutive expression of this receptor by basophils is debated. Objective To explore the expression and functionality of MRGPRX2 in and on basophils. Methods Basophils from patients with birch pollen allergy, IDHRs to moxifloxacin, and healthy controls were studied in different conditions, that is, in rest, after stimulation with anti-IgE, recombinant major birch pollen allergen (rBet v 1), moxifloxacin, fMLP, substance P (SP), or other potential basophil secretagogues. In a separate set of experiments, basophils were studied after purification and resuspension in different media. Results Resting whole blood basophils barely express MRGPRX2 on their surface and are unresponsive to SP or moxifloxacin. However, surface MRGPRX2 is quickly upregulated upon incubation with anti-IgE or fMLP. Pre-stimulation with anti-IgE can induce a synergic effect on basophil degranulation in IgE-responsive subjects after incubation with SP or moxifloxacin, provided that basophils have been obtained from patients who experienced an IDHR to moxifloxacin. Cell purification can trigger a "spontaneous" and functional upregulation of MRGPRX2 on basophils, not seen in whole blood cells, and its surface density can be influenced by distinct culture media. Conclusion Basophils barely express MRGPRX2 in resting conditions. However, the receptor can be quickly upregulated after stimulation with anti-IgE, fMLP, or after purification, making cells responsive to MRGPRX2 occupation. We anticipate that such "conditioned" basophils constitute a model to explore MRGPRX2 agonism or antagonism, including IDHRs originating from the occupation of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Toscano
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Post-Graduate School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L. Van Gasse
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Pediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Beyens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Line van der Poorten
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Pediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris H. Bridts
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Van Houdt
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M. Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Pediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samuel Van Remoortel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Algemeen Ziekenhuis (AZ) Jan Palfijn Gent, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Didier G. Ebo,
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium,Algemeen Ziekenhuis (AZ) Jan Palfijn Gent, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Abstract
Anesthesiologists routinely manage patients receiving drugs and agents, all of which have the potential for anaphylaxis, the life-threatening presentation of an allergic reaction. Clinicians must be ready to diagnose and manage the acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction that occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Tacquard
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Carpio-Escalona LV, González-de-Olano D. Immunological and Non-Immunological Risk Factors in Anaphylaxis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Ebo DG, Elst J, Moonen N, van der Poorten MLM, Van Gasse AL, Garvey LH, Bridts CH, Mertens C, Hagendorens MM, Sabato V. Mast cell activation test: A new asset in the investigation of the chlorhexidine cross-sensitization profile. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1311-1320. [PMID: 35305051 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insights into the IgE cross-sensitization and possible cross-reactivity patterns of sera reactive to chlorhexidine (CHX) are still incomplete and are likely to benefit from a functional exploration using a passive mast cell activation test (pMAT). Therefore, we want to study whether the pMAT with CHX-specific IgE (sIgE) enables to depict effector cell degranulation in response to alexidine (ALX), octenidine (OCT) and/or polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) indicative of cross-reactivity between these compounds and CHX. METHODS Serum of 10 CHX-allergic patients, nine individuals with an isolated sIgE CHX and five healthy controls were included. Human cultured mast cells (MCs) were, before and after sensitization, challenged with CHX, ALX, OCT or PHMB. Degranulation was measured via quantification of upregulation of CD63. RESULTS Mast cell responsiveness to ALX and OCT was demonstrable with 4/10 and 3/10 of the sera of CHX-allergic patients respectively. Percentage of degranulation varied between 12 and 34% for ALX-reactive MCs and between 4 and 22% for OCT-reactive MCs. No reactivity to ALX or OCT was demonstrable when using sera obtained from individuals with an isolated sIgE CHX or from healthy controls. Unlike CHX, ALX and OCT, PHMB turned out to be a direct MC activator via occupation of MRGPRX2. PHMB-reactive sIgEs were demonstrable in some patients with an isolated sIgE CHX but were unable to trigger PHMB-induced degranulation in MRGPRX2 knockdown MCs. CONCLUSION Mast cells constitute an attractive tool to explore cross-reactivity between structurally similar compounds. Along with the identification of safe alternatives for the individual patient, the pMAT can advance our insights into sIgE cross-reactivity patterns including assessment of molecules not yet approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nele Moonen
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Line M van der Poorten
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lene H Garvey
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Bawazir M, Amponnawarat A, Hui Y, Oskeritzian CA, Ali H. Inhibition of MRGPRX2 but not FcεRI or MrgprB2-mediated mast cell degranulation by a small molecule inverse receptor agonist. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033794. [PMID: 36275683 PMCID: PMC9582160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) expressed on mast cells (MCs) contributes to hypersensitivity reactions to cationic US-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agent, rocuronium. In addition, activation of MRGPRX2 by the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and the pro-adrenomedullin peptide (PAMP-12) is associated with a variety of cutaneous conditions such as neurogenic inflammation, pain, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and itch. Thus, small molecules aimed at blocking MRGPRX2 constitute potential options for modulating IgE-independent MC-mediated disorders. Two inverse MRGPRX2 agonists, named C9 and C9-6, have recently been identified, which inhibit basal G protein activation and agonist-induced calcium mobilization in transfected HEK293 cells. Substance P serves as a balanced agonist for MRGPRX2 whereby it activates both G protein-mediated degranulation and β-arrestin-mediated receptor internalization. The purpose of this study was to determine if C9 blocks MRGPRX2's G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling and to determine its specificity. We found that C9, but not its inactive analog C7, inhibited degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 in response to SP, PAMP-12 and rocuronium with an IC50 value of ~300 nM. C9 also inhibited degranulation as measured by cell surface expression of CD63, CD107a and β-hexosaminidase release in LAD2 cells and human skin-derived MCs in response to SP but not the anaphylatoxin, C3a or FcϵRI-aggregation. Furthermore, C9 inhibited β-arrestin recruitment and MRGPRX2 internalization in response to SP and PAMP-12. We found that a G protein-coupling defective missense MRGPRX2 variant (V282M) displays constitutive activity for β-arrestin recruitment, and that this response was significantly inhibited by C9. Rocuronium, SP and PAMP-12 caused degranulation in mouse peritoneal MCs and these responses were abolished in the absence of MrgprB2 or cells treated with pertussis toxin but C9 had no effect. These findings suggest that C9 could provide an important framework for developing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IgE-independent MC-mediated drug hypersensitivity and cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Bawazir
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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21
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Antibiotic Allergy De-Labeling: A Pathway against Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081055. [PMID: 36009924 PMCID: PMC9404790 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are one of the most frequently prescribed drugs. Unfortunately, they also are the most common cause for self-reported drug allergy, limiting the use of effective therapies. However, evidence shows that more than 90% of patients labeled as allergic to antibiotics are not allergic. Importantly, the label of antibiotic allergy, whether real or not, constitutes a major public health problem as it directly impacts antimicrobial stewardship: it has been associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic use, often resulting in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for de-labeling patients who claim to be allergic but are not really allergic. This review presents allergy methods for achieving successful antibiotic allergy de-labeling. Patient clinical history is often inaccurately reported, thus not being able to de-label most patients. In vitro testing offers a complementary approach but it shows limitations. Immunoassay for quantifying specific IgE is the most used one, although it gives low sensitivity and is limited to few betalactams. Basophil activation test is not validated and not available in all centers. Therefore, true de-labeling still relies on in vivo tests including drug provocation and/or skin tests, which are not risk-exempt and require specialized healthcare professionals for results interpretation and patient management. Moreover, differences on the pattern of antibiotic consumption cause differences in the diagnostic approach among different countries. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to reduce the risks associated with the reported penicillin allergy label.
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22
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Flow-based allergen testing: can mast cells beat basophils? Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Nuñez-Borque E, Fernandez-Bravo S, Yuste-Montalvo A, Esteban V. Pathophysiological, Cellular, and Molecular Events of the Vascular System in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836222. [PMID: 35371072 PMCID: PMC8965328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. Mechanistically, it results from the immune activation and release of a variety of mediators that give rise to the signs and symptoms of this pathological event. For years, most of the research in anaphylaxis has focused on the contribution of the immune component. However, approaches that shed light on the participation of other cellular and molecular agents are necessary. Among them, the vascular niche receives the various signals (e.g., histamine) that elicit the range of anaphylactic events. Cardiovascular manifestations such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and cardiac alterations are crucial in the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and are highly involved to the development of the most severe cases. Specifically, the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and their molecular signaling outcomes play an essential role downstream of the immune reaction. Therefore, in this review, we synthesized the vascular changes observed during anaphylaxis as well as its cellular and molecular components. As the risk of anaphylaxis exists both in clinical procedures and in routine life, increasing our knowledge of the vascular physiology and their molecular mechanism will enable us to improve the clinical management and how to treat or prevent anaphylaxis. Key Message Anaphylaxis, the most severe allergic reaction, involves a variety of immune and non-immune molecular signals that give rise to its pathophysiological manifestations. Importantly, the vascular system is engaged in processes relevant to anaphylactic events such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and decreased cardiac output. The novelty of this review focuses on the fact that new studies will greatly improve the understanding of anaphylaxis when viewed from a vascular molecular angle and specifically from the endothelium. This knowledge will improve therapeutic options to treat or prevent anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Nuñez-Borque
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Bravo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Yuste-Montalvo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Chompunud Na Ayudhya C, Ali H. Mas-Related G Protein–Coupled Receptor-X2 and Its Role in Non-immunoglobulin E–Mediated Drug Hypersensitivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:269-284. [PMID: 35469618 PMCID: PMC9674431 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A diverse group of Food and Drug Administration-approved cationic drugs including antibiotics, neuromuscular blocking drugs, opioids, antidepressants, and radiocontrast media activate mast cells and cause hypersensitivity reactions by both an immunoglobulin E IgE-dependent and independent manner. The recent discovery that these drugs activate mast cells via the G protein-coupled receptor known as Mas-related GPCR-X2 (MRGPRX2) has represented a paradigm shift of how drug hypersensitivity reactions are viewed. This article provides an overview of the current status of the role of MRGPRX2 on non-IgE-mediated drug hypersensitivity. Potential risk factors and evaluation for suspected MRGPRX2-mediated drug reactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Hypersensitivity Reactions and Immune-Related Adverse Events to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Approaches, Mechanisms, and Models. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:285-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Elst J, van der Poorten MLM, Van Gasse AL, Mertens C, Hagendorens MM, Ebo DG, Sabato V. Tryptase release does not discriminate between IgE- or MRGPRX2-mediated activation in human mast cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:797-800. [PMID: 35152504 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Elst
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Line M van der Poorten
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of anaphylaxis pathophysiology and describe the underlying mechanisms, effector cells, and the potential biomarkers involved depending on the anaphylaxis endotypes. Recent Findings New insight into the potential relevance of pathways others than IgE-dependent anaphylaxis has been unraveled, as well as other biomarkers than tryptase, such as the role of platelet activation factor, basogranulin, dipeptidyl peptidase I, CCL-2, and other cytokines. Summary Gaining knowledge of all the mediators and cellular activation/communication pathways involved in each endotype of anaphylaxis will allow the application of precision medicine in patients with anaphylactic reactions, providing insights to the most appropriate approach in each case and helping to stratify severity and risk prediction.
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28
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Mackay GA, Fernandopulle NA, Ding J, McComish J, Soeding PF. Antibody or Anybody? Considering the Role of MRGPRX2 in Acute Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis and as a Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688930. [PMID: 34867939 PMCID: PMC8639860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute anaphylaxis to small molecule drugs is largely considered to be antibody-mediated with immunogloblin E (IgE) and mast cell activation being key. More recently, a role for drug-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) with neutrophil activation has also been suggested, at least in reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). However, the mast cell receptor MRGPRX2 has also been highlighted as a possible triggering mechanism in acute anaphylaxis to many clinically used drugs. Significantly, MRGPRX2 activation is not dependent upon the presence of drug-recognising antibody. Given the reasonable assumption that MRGPRX2 is expressed in all individuals, the corollary of this is that in theory, anybody could respond detrimentally to triggering drugs (recently suggested to be around 20% of a drug-like compound library). But this clearly is not the case, as the incidence of acute drug-induced anaphylaxis is very low. In this mini-review we consider antibody-dependent and -independent mechanisms of mast cell activation by small molecule drugs with a focus on the MRGPRX2 pathway. Moreover, as a juxtaposition to these adverse drug actions, we consider how increased understanding of the role of MRGPRX2 in anaphylaxis is important for future drug development and can complement exploration of this receptor as a drug target in broader clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nithya A Fernandopulle
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy McComish
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul F Soeding
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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29
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Epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis in the United States: new insights but more to learn and do. Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:7-10. [PMID: 34689992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonzalez-Estrada and colleagues report an estimated risk of severe or fatal perioperative anaphylaxis of one in 6,825 procedures during the period 2005-2014. This is slightly higher than that reported previously in France and England. Several predictors of near-fatal and fatal reactions are identified, such as increased age, cancer, and congestive cardiac failure.
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