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Xiao Y, Zheng P, Xu W, Wu Z, Zhang X, Wang R, Huang T, Ming J. Progesterone receptor impairs immune respond and down-regulates sensitivity to anti-LAG3 in breast cancer. Transl Res 2024; 271:68-78. [PMID: 38795691 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptor (PR) serves as a crucial prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer. Nonetheless, the interplay between PR and the tumor immune microenvironment remains inadequately understood. This investigation employs bioinformatics analyses, mouse models, and clinical specimens to elucidate the impact of PR on immune microenvironment and identify potential targets for immunotherapy, furnishing valuable guidance for clinical practice. METHODS Analysis of immune infiltration score by Xcell between PR-positive and PR-negative breast cancer tumors. Construction of overexpression mouse progesterone receptor (mPgr) EMT-6 cell was to explore the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, anti- Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) therapy aimed to investigate whether PR could influence the effectiveness of immune treatments. RESULTS Overexpression mPgr inhibited tumor growth in vitro, but promoted tumor growth in Balb/c mouse. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion and cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells in tumor of overexpressing mPgr group were significantly reduced. The significant reduction in overexpressing mPgr group was found in the proportions of LAG3+CD8+ T cells and LAG3+ Treg T cells. Anti-LAG3 treatment resulted in reduced tumor growth in EV group mouse rather than in overexpressing mPgr group. Patents derived tumor fragment (PDTF) also showed higher anti-tumor ability of CD3+T cell in patents' tumor with PR <20% after anti-human LAG3 treatment in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The mPgr promotes tumor growth by downregulating the infiltration and function of cytotoxic cell. LAG3 may be a target of ER-positive breast cancer immunotherapy. The high expression of PR hinders the sensitivity to anti-LAG3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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Knoedler L, Dean J, Diatta F, Thompson N, Knoedler S, Rhys R, Sherwani K, Ettl T, Mayer S, Falkner F, Kilian K, Panayi AC, Iske J, Safi AF, Tullius SG, Haykal S, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Immune modulation in transplant medicine: a comprehensive review of cell therapy applications and future directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372862. [PMID: 38650942 PMCID: PMC11033354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing the immune response after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) remains an ongoing clinical challenge. While immunosuppressants can effectively reduce acute rejection rates following transplant surgery, some patients still experience recurrent acute rejection episodes, which in turn may progress to chronic rejection. Furthermore, these immunosuppressive regimens are associated with an increased risk of malignancies and metabolic disorders. Despite significant advancements in the field, these IS related side effects persist as clinical hurdles, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies to improve transplant survival and longevity. Cellular therapy, a novel therapeutic approach, has emerged as a potential pathway to promote immune tolerance while minimizing systemic side-effects of standard IS regiments. Various cell types, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), regulatory myeloid cells (RMCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), offer unique immunomodulatory properties that may help achieve improved outcomes in transplant patients. This review aims to elucidate the role of cellular therapies, particularly MSCs, T cells, Tregs, RMCs, macrophages, and dendritic cells in SOT and VCA. We explore the immunological features of each cell type, their capacity for immune regulation, and the prospective advantages and obstacles linked to their application in transplant patients. An in-depth outline of the current state of the technology may help SOT and VCA providers refine their perioperative treatment strategies while laying the foundation for further trials that investigate cellular therapeutics in transplantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jillian Dean
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fortunay Diatta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Noelle Thompson
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richmond Rhys
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Sherwani
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Mayer
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Florian Falkner
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Katja Kilian
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali-Farid Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Craniologicum, Center for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Martín-Cruz L, Benito-Villalvilla C, Sirvent S, Angelina A, Palomares O. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Diseases: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2024. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:503-518. [PMID: 38408438 DOI: 10.1159/000536335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy represents a major health problem of increasing prevalence worldwide with a high socioeconomic impact. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying allergic diseases and their treatments has significantly improved over the last years. The generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial in the induction of healthy immune responses to allergens, preventing the development and worsening of allergic diseases. SUMMARY In the last decades, intensive research has focused on the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg development and Treg-mediated suppression. These mechanisms are essential for the induction of sustained tolerance by allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) after treatment discontinuation. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrated altered suppressive capacity of Tregs in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, or atopic dermatitis, as well as the restoration of their numbers and functionality after successful AIT. KEY MESSAGE The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg generation during allergen tolerance induction might well contribute to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Knott-Torcal C, de la Blanca NS, Serrano-Somavilla A, Hernández RM, Sampedro-Núñez M, Ruiz-Rosso B, Jiménez-Blanco S, González-Amaro R, González-Baranda L, Garcimartin A, Marazuela M. Quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-023-02250-w. [PMID: 38183564 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory phenomenon, which participates in the pathogenesis of different complications of this condition. The inflammatory response is under the regulation of different mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. However, the possible role of type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells in T2DM has not been explored so far. AIM To carry out a quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes and other immune cell subsets in patients with T2DM and correlate these results with clinical findings and treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM and twenty-three healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were evaluated, and Tr1 lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) and other cell subsets (Th17, Th22 and Foxp3 + Treg cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood samples by multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS Significant increased levels of Tr1 cells were detected in patients with severe and mild disease, compared to healthy controls. In addition, CD4+IL-10+ lymphocytes were also increased in patients with T2DM. In contrast, similar levels of Foxp3+ Treg cells, Th17 and Th22 lymphocytes were observed in patients and controls. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between Tr1 cell levels and different clinical and laboratory parameters. However, those patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) showed similar levels of Tr1 cells than healthy controls, and significant lower numbers than untreated patients. CONCLUSION We observed an increase in Tr1 and CD4+IL10+ lymphocyte levels in T2DM. Moreover, GLP1-RA treatment was significantly associated with normalization of the Tr1 levels. This highlights another potential immune dysfunction in patients with T2DM, which could participate in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Knott-Torcal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N S de la Blanca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Ruiz-Rosso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R González-Amaro
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - L González-Baranda
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - A Garcimartin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Tsai YG, Liao PF, Hsiao KH, Wu HM, Lin CY, Yang KD. Pathogenesis and novel therapeutics of regulatory T cell subsets and interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230264. [PMID: 37771588 PMCID: PMC10522836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous multisystem inflammatory disease with wide variability in clinical manifestations. Natural arising CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance by suppressing inflammation and preventing autoimmune responses in SLE. Additionally, CD8+ regulatory T cells, type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1), and B regulatory cells also have a less well-defined role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Elucidation of the roles of various Treg subsets dedicated to immune homeostasis will provide a novel therapeutic approach that governs immune tolerance for the remission of active lupus. Diminished interleukin (IL)-2 production is associated with a depleted Treg cell population, and its reversibility by IL-2 therapy provides important reasons for the treatment of lupus. This review focuses on the pathogenesis and new therapeutics of human Treg subsets and low-dose IL-2 therapy in clinical benefits with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Liao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Erratum: Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1125497. [PMID: 36761160 PMCID: PMC9903213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1125497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article .].
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Planas R, Felber M, Vavassori S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. The hyperinflammatory spectrum: from defects in cytotoxicity to cytokine control. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163316. [PMID: 37187762 PMCID: PMC10175623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill target cells through polarized release of the content of cytotoxic granules towards the target cell. The importance of this cytotoxic pathway in immune regulation is evidenced by the severe and often fatal condition, known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that occurs in mice and humans with inborn errors of lymphocyte cytotoxic function. The clinical and preclinical data indicate that the damage seen in severe, virally triggered HLH is due to an overwhelming immune system reaction and not the direct effects of the virus per se. The main HLH-disease mechanism, which links impaired cytotoxicity to excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is a prolongation of the synapse time between the cytotoxic effector cell and the target cell, which prompts the former to secrete larger amounts of cytokines (including interferon gamma) that activate macrophages. We and others have identified novel genetic HLH spectrum disorders. In the present update, we position these newly reported molecular causes, including CD48-haploinsufficiency and ZNFX1-deficiency, within the pathogenic pathways that lead to HLH. These genetic defects have consequences on the cellular level on a gradient model ranging from impaired lymphocyte cytotoxicity to intrinsic activation of macrophages and virally infected cells. Altogether, it is clear that target cells and macrophages may play an independent role and are not passive bystanders in the pathogenesis of HLH. Understanding these processes which lead to immune dysregulation may pave the way to novel ideas for medical intervention in HLH and virally triggered hypercytokinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Planas
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Felber
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vavassori
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jana Pachlopnik Schmid,
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Jotereau F, Alameddine J, Teusan R, Pédron A, Jouand N, Altare F, Godefroy E. Human gut microbiota-reactive DP8α regulatory T cells, signature and related emerging functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026994. [PMID: 36479125 PMCID: PMC9720269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, microbiota-induced Tregs both maintain intestinal homeostasis and provide resistance to immuno-pathologies in the adult. Identifying their human functional counterpart therefore represents an important goal. We discovered, in the human colonic lamina propria and blood, a FoxP3-negative IL-10-secreting Treg subset, which co-expresses CD4 and CD8α (hence named DP8α) and displays a TCR-reactivity against Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a role for this symbiotic bacterium in their induction. Moreover, supporting their role in intestinal homeostasis, we previously reported both their drastic decrease in IBD patients and their protective role in vivo against intestinal inflammation, in mice. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic, phenotypic and functional signatures of these microbiota-induced Tregs, towards delineating their physiological role(s) and clinical potential. Human F. prausnitzii-reactive DP8α Treg clones were derived from both the colonic lamina propria and blood. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry and functional assays were performed to characterize their response upon activation and compare them to donor- and tissue-matched FoxP3+ Treg clones. DP8α Tregs exhibited a unique mixed Tr1-like/cytotoxic CD4+ T cell-profile and shared the RORγt and MAF master genes with mouse gut microbiota-induced FoxP3+ Tregs. We revealed their potent cytotoxic, chemotactic and IgA-promoting abilities, which were confirmed using in vitro assays. Therefore, besides their induction by a Clostridium bacterium, DP8α Tregs also partake master genes with mouse microbiota-induced Tregs. The present identification of their complete signature and novel functional properties, should be key in delineating the in vivo roles and therapeutic applications of these unique human microbiota-induced Tregs through their study in pathological contexts, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Jotereau
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Joudy Alameddine
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Raluca Teusan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Pédron
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- Cytocell, BioCore, Nantes Université UMS 3556, Inserm US016, CNRS UAR 3556, CHU Nantes, SFR Santé François BONAMY, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Altare
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
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10
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Liu Z, Zeng Q, Chen X, He C, Wang F, Liu T. Donor peritoneal-derived cells can attenuate graft-versus-host disease after MHC-incompatible bone marrow transplantation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Palomares O, Elewaut D, Irving PM, Jaumont X, Tassinari P. Regulatory T cells and immunoglobulin E: A new therapeutic link for autoimmunity? Allergy 2022; 77:3293-3308. [PMID: 35852798 DOI: 10.1111/all.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a prevalence of approximately 7 to 9% and are classified as either organ-specific diseases, including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and myasthenia gravis, or systemic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome. While many advancements have been made in understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune disease, including the nature of self-tolerance and its breakdown, there remain unmet needs in terms of effective and highly targeted treatments. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance and are implicated in many autoimmune diseases, either as a result of reduced numbers or altered function. Tregs may be broadly divided into those generated in the thymus (tTregs) and those generated in the periphery (pTregs). Tregs target many different immune cell subsets and tissues to suppress excessive inflammation and to support tissue repair and homeostasis: there is a fine balance between Treg cell stability and the plasticity that is required to adjust Tregs' regulatory purposes to particular immune responses. The central role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in allergic disease is well recognized, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that this immunoglobulin also has a wider role encompassing other diseases including autoimmune disease. Anti-IgE treatment restores the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) impaired by IgE- high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεR1) cross-linking to induce Tregs in vitro in atopic patients. The finding that anti-IgE therapy restores Treg cell homeostasis, and that this mechanism is associated with clinical improvement in asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria suggests that anti-IgE therapy may also have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in which Tregs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter M Irving
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
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Freeborn RA, Strubbe S, Roncarolo MG. Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032575. [PMID: 36389662 PMCID: PMC9650496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, in addition to other regulatory cells, contribute to immunological tolerance to prevent autoimmunity and excessive inflammation. Tr1 cells arise in the periphery upon antigen stimulation in the presence of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and secrete large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The protective role of Tr1 cells in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel disease has been well established, and this led to the exploration of this population as a potential cell therapy. On the other hand, the role of Tr1 cells in infectious disease is not well characterized, thus raising concern that these tolerogenic cells may cause general immune suppression which would prevent pathogen clearance. In this review, we summarize current literature surrounding Tr1-mediated tolerance and its role in health and disease settings including autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Freeborn
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven Strubbe
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Kim S, Shukla RK, Yu H, Baek A, Cressman SG, Golconda S, Lee GE, Choi H, Reneau JC, Wang Z, Huang CA, Liyanage NPM, Kim S. CD3e-immunotoxin spares CD62L lo Tregs and reshapes organ-specific T-cell composition by preferentially depleting CD3e hi T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011190. [PMID: 36389741 PMCID: PMC9643874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD3-epsilon(CD3e) immunotoxins (IT), a promising precision reagent for various clinical conditions requiring effective depletion of T cells, often shows limited treatment efficacy for largely unknown reasons. Tissue-resident T cells that persist in peripheral tissues have been shown to play pivotal roles in local and systemic immunity, as well as transplant rejection, autoimmunity and cancers. The impact of CD3e-IT treatment on these local cells, however, remains poorly understood. Here, using a new murine testing model, we demonstrate a substantial enrichment of tissue-resident Foxp3+ Tregs following CD3e-IT treatment. Differential surface expression of CD3e among T-cell subsets appears to be a main driver of Treg enrichment in CD3e-IT treatment. The surviving Tregs in CD3e-IT-treated mice were mostly the CD3edimCD62Llo effector phenotype, but the levels of this phenotype markedly varied among different lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. We also found notable variations in surface CD3e levels among tissue-resident T cells of different organs, and these variations drive CD3e-IT to uniquely reshape T-cell compositions in local organs. The functions of organs and anatomic locations (lymph nodes) also affected the efficacy of CD3e-IT. The multi-organ pharmacodynamics of CD3e-IT and potential treatment resistance mechanisms identified in this study may generate new opportunities to further improve this promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rajni Kant Shukla
- Department of Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hannah Yu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alice Baek
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sophie G. Cressman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Golconda
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John C. Reneau
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christene A. Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Namal P. M. Liyanage
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Namal P. M. Liyanage, ; Sanggu Kim,
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Namal P. M. Liyanage, ; Sanggu Kim,
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Li TR, Lyu DY, Liu FQ. Cerebrospinal Fluid sTREM2 in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Associated with Both Amyloid and Tau Pathologies but not with Cognitive Status. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1123-1138. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) is considered a biomarker of microglial activation. The relationships between CSF sTREM2 levels and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) CSF core biomarkers, cognitive status, and neurodegeneration remain unclear. Objective: To assess the association between CSF sTREM2 levels and AD progression and other AD hallmarks. Methods: Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, we investigated 1,035 participants, including 310 cognitively normal controls, 527 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 198 patients with dementia. They were grouped according to CSF pathology (A/T profile) severity. CSF sTREM2 levels were compared between the groups, and linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting sTREM2 levels. The predictive effectiveness of sTREM2 levels was tested, and the correlation with other indicators was explored. The increase rate was assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Higher CSF sTREM2 levels were associated with older age as well as higher CSF p-tau or t-tau and amyloid-β levels (all p < 0.001), but not with cognitive status. sTREM2 levels were not correlated with the baseline or longitudinal scale and neuroimaging result changes, and could not predict clinical conversion, but were correlated with multiple non-amyloid-β and non-tau CSF cytokines related to inflammation and neurodegeneration (p < 0.0001). The increased sTREM2 expression rate did not change among groups. Conclusion: CSF sTREM2 levels were jointly determined by age, amyloid-β, and tau pathologies, leading to complex AD cognitive continuum changes. Although sTREM2 levels could not predict cognitive deterioration and neurodegeneration, they could reflect the microglial state as a non-specific biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di-Yang Lyu
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Hippen KL, Hefazi M, Larson JH, Blazar BR. Emerging translational strategies and challenges for enhancing regulatory T cell therapy for graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926550. [PMID: 35967386 PMCID: PMC9366169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative therapy for many types of cancer. Genetic disparities between donor and host can result in immune-mediated attack of host tissues, known as graft versus host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality following HSCT. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are a rare cell type crucial for immune system homeostasis, limiting the activation and differentiation of effector T cells (Teff) that are self-reactive or stimulated by foreign antigen exposure. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Treg has demonstrated, first in murine models and now in patients, that prophylactic Treg infusion can also suppress GVHD. While clinical trials have demonstrated Treg reduce severe GVHD occurrence, several impediments remain, including Treg variability and practical need for individualized Treg production for each patient. Additionally, there are challenges in the use of in vitro expansion techniques and in achieving in vivo Treg persistence in context of both immune suppressive drugs and in lymphoreplete patients being treated for GVHD. This review will focus on 3 main translational approaches taken to improve the efficacy of tTreg ACT in GVHD prophylaxis and development of treatment options, following HSCT: genetic modification, manipulating TCR and cytokine signaling, and Treg production protocols. In vitro expansion for Treg ACT presents a multitude of approaches for gene modification to improve efficacy, including: antigen specificity, tissue targeting, deletion of negative regulators/exhaustion markers, resistance to immunosuppressive drugs common in GVHD treatment. Such expansion is particularly important in patients without significant lymphopenia that can drive Treg expansion, enabling a favorable Treg:Teff ratio in vivo. Several potential therapeutics have also been identified that enhance tTreg stability or persistence/expansion following ACT that target specific pathways, including: DNA/histone methylation status, TCR/co-stimulation signaling, and IL-2/STAT5 signaling. Finally, this review will discuss improvements in Treg production related to tissue source, Treg subsets, therapeutic approaches to increase Treg suppression and stability during tTreg expansion, and potential for storing large numbers of Treg from a single production run to be used as an off-the-shelf infusion product capable of treating multiple recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L. Hippen
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jemma H. Larson
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Bellinghausen I, Khatri R, Saloga J. Current Strategies to Modulate Regulatory T Cell Activity in Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912529. [PMID: 35720406 PMCID: PMC9205643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, increased strongly worldwide, reaching up to 50% in industrialized countries. These diseases are characterized by a dominating type 2 immune response and reduced numbers of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy is able to tip the balance towards immunoregulation. However, in mouse models of allergy adaptive transfer of Treg cells did not always lead to convincing beneficial results, partially because of limited stability of their regulatory phenotype activity. Besides genetic predisposition, it has become evident that environmental factors like a westernized lifestyle linked to modern sanitized living, the early use of antibiotics, and the consumption of unhealthy foods leads to epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiota, thereby preventing immune tolerance and favoring the development of allergic diseases. Epigenetic modification of Treg cells has been described as one important mechanism in this context. In this review, we summarize how environmental factors affect the number and function of Treg cells in allergic inflammation and how this knowledge can be exploited in future allergy prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Li R, Wang R, Zhong S, Asghar F, Li T, Zhu L, Zhu H. TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1193-1202. [PMID: 34761110 PMCID: PMC8565592 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are two effective immunosuppressive agents for organ transplantation technology. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1-overexpressed MSCs on T cell immunosuppression. To achieve that, BM-MSCs were isolated from canine bone marrow, and their osteogenic differentiation and surface markers were detected. The TGF-β1 gene was transferred into lentivirus and modified MSCs (TGF-β1/MSCs) by lentivirus transfection. Furthermore, TGF-β1/MSCs were co-cultured with T cells to investigate their effect on differentiation and immune regulation. Results showed that TGF-β1/MSCs significantly downregulated the proportion of CD4+ CD8+ T cells in lymphocytes and significantly upregulated the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. Moreover, TGF-β1/MSCs significantly upregulated the expression of IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and downregulated the expression of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22. Meanwhile, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of TGF-β1/MSCs on the differentiation inhibition of Th17. Overall, our results confirm the strong immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1/MSCs in vitro and demonstrate that IFN-γ mediates the immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1/MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Renyong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Shijie Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Farhan Asghar
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Tiehan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650101, China
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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