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Koren A, Dejanović L, Rijavec M, Kopač P, Bizjak M, Zidarn M, Košnik M, Korošec P. Autoimmune Mast Cell Activation Test as a Diagnostic Tool in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9281. [PMID: 39273229 PMCID: PMC11395619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with skin mast cell activation, and its triggering mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Evidence suggests an autoimmune component of CSU. Our aim was to assess the usefulness of an autoimmune mast cell activation test (aiMAT) for diagnosing and differentiating CSU into different subtypes. We enrolled 43 patients with active, uncontrolled CSU before starting treatment with omalizumab and 15 controls. Patients were evaluated based on omalizumab response. aiMATs were performed using non-IgE-sensitized (NS) or myeloma IgE-sensitized (S) LAD2 cells, which were then stimulated with CSU/control sera (25 µL and 10 µL). The expression of CD63 was assessed with flow cytometry. CD63 response on NS-LAD2 was significantly increased in CSU patients compared to controls after the stimulation with 25 µL CSU/control sera (p = 0.0007) and with 10 µL CSU/control sera (p = 0.0001). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82. The cutoff for autoimmune-non-IgE-sensitized-MAT was 40.3% CD63+ LAD2, which resulted in 73.3% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity. CD63 response on S-LAD2 was significantly increased in CSU patients compared to controls after the stimulation with 25 µL CSU/control sera (p = 0.03). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.66. The cutoff for the autoimmune-myeloma IgE-sensitized-MAT was 58.4% CD63+ cells, which resulted in 62.8% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. Overall, 36 out of 43 (84%) patients responded to omalizumab, and 7 (16%) were nonresponders. We found no differences between LAD2 CD63 response and response to omalizumab. In conclusion, aiMAT could represent a new diagnostic tool in CSU. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefits during omalizumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koren
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Luka Dejanović
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Matija Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kopač
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Zidarn
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Košnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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López C, Depreux N, Bielsa I, Roger A, Quirant-Sanchez B, Basagaña M, Jurgens Y, Padró C, Miquel S, Martinez-Caceres E, Teniente-Serra A. Peripheral blood T-cell modulation by omalizumab in chronic urticaria patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413233. [PMID: 39229257 PMCID: PMC11368771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a highly prevalent and difficult to manage cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of recurrent urticaria, angioedema, or both, for a period of 6 weeks or longer. One of the biological treatments used for patients with CSU with an autoimmune background and bad control of the disease is omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. The understanding of the mechanism of action of this biological drug in CSU along with the identification of potential biomarkers of clinical response can be helpful in the personalized management of the disease. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of omalizumab on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with CSU in order to identify potential biomarkers of treatment response. Methods We analyzed 71 patients with CSU [33 under omalizumab and 38 under non-immunomodulatory drugs (treated with antihistamines; NID)] and 50 healthy controls. An exhaustive immunophenotyping of whole blood T-cell subpopulations, including naïve, central memory, effector memory, effector cells, Th1, Th2, and Th17 was performed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Moreover, in CSU patients, we analyzed markers of inflammation (ESR, DD, CRP), atopy (prick test, IgE quantification), and autoimmunity (anti-thyroid antibodies and indirect basophil activation test).To evaluate the clinical activity, the Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS 7) test was used. Results In patients with CSU under treatment with omalizumab, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of naïve and an increase in the percentage of central memory CD4 T cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of naïve and increase in the percentage of effector CD8 T-cell subsets. Moreover, patients under treatment with omalizumab had higher percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells than patients under treatment with NID. Conclusion The immune monitoring of T-cell subpopulations in patients with CSU starting omalizumab, may be a useful strategy to analyze treatment response in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Depreux
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Bielsa
- Department of Dermatology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Albert Roger
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Quirant-Sanchez
- Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Basagaña
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Yanina Jurgens
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Clara Padró
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sira Miquel
- Allergy Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Teniente-Serra
- Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Altrichter S, Giménez-Arnau AM, Bernstein JA, Metz M, Bahadori L, Bergquist M, Brooks L, Ho CN, Jain P, Lukka PB, Rodriguez-Suárez E, Walton C, Datto CJ. Benralizumab does not elicit therapeutic effect in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from the phase IIb multinational randomized double-blind placebo-controlled ARROYO trial. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:187-199. [PMID: 38367194 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a relatively common skin disease associated with hives and angio-oedema. Eosinophils play a role in CSU pathogenesis. Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 receptor-α monoclonal antibody, has been shown to induce nearly complete depletion of eosinophils. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with CSU who were symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. METHODS The 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb portion of the ARROYO trial enrolled adult patients with CSU who were currently on H1 antihistamine treatment. Patients were randomized to one of five treatment groups according to benralizumab dose and regimen for a 24-week treatment period. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in Itch Severity Score (ISS)7 at week 12. The key secondary endpoint was change from baseline in Urticaria Activity Score (UAS)7 at week 12. Additional secondary endpoints included other metrics to assess CSU at week 24, blood eosinophil levels, and pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity assessments. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted to explore responses according to demographics, clinical features and biomarkers. Safety was assessed in all treatment groups. RESULTS Of 155 patients, 59 were randomized to benralizumab 30 mg, 56 to benralizumab 60 mg and 40 to placebo. Baseline and disease characteristics were consistent with what was expected for patients with CSU. There were no significant differences in change from baseline in ISS7 score at week 12 between benralizumab and placebo [benralizumab 30 mg vs. placebo, least-squares mean difference -1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.28 to 1.26; benralizumab 60 mg vs. placebo, least-squares mean difference -1.79, 95% CI -4.09 to 0.50] nor in change from baseline in UAS7 score at week 12 between benralizumab and placebo (benralizumab 30 mg vs. placebo, P = 0.407; benralizumab 60 mg vs. placebo, P = 0.082). Depletion of blood eosinophil levels was observed at week 24 in patients treated with benralizumab. All other secondary endpoints and exploratory/subgroup analyses indicated no significant differences between benralizumab and placebo. Safety results were consistent with the known profile of benralizumab. CONCLUSIONS Although benralizumab resulted in near-complete depletion of blood eosinophils, there was no clinical benefit over placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Altrichter
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Johannes Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Center for Medical Research, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, LLC, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lila Bahadori
- Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Maria Bergquist
- Late-stage Clinical Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Brooks
- Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calvin N Ho
- Patient Centered Science, BioPharmaceuticals Medical Evidence, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Priya Jain
- Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pradeep B Lukka
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Suárez
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Walton
- Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine J Datto
- Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Pyatilova P, Hackler Y, Aulenbacher F, Asero R, Bauer A, Bizjak M, Day C, Dissemond J, Du-Thanh A, Fomina D, Giménez-Arnau AM, Grattan C, Gregoriou S, Hawro T, Kasperska-Zajac A, Khoshkhui M, Kocatürk E, Kovalkova E, Kulthanan K, Kuznetsova E, Makris M, Mukhina O, Pesqué D, Peter J, Salameh P, Siebenhaar F, Sikora A, Staubach P, Tuchinda P, Zamłyński M, Weller K, Maurer M, Kolkhir P. Non-Skin Related Symptoms Are Common in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Linked to Active and Uncontrolled Disease: Results From the Chronic Urticaria Registry. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1890-1899.e3. [PMID: 38670260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can present with non-skin related symptoms (NSRS), including recurrent unexplained fever, joint, bone, or muscle pain (JBMP), and malaise, which also occur in other conditions that manifest with wheals (eg, urticarial vasculitis or autoinflammatory disorders) or without wheals (eg, infection). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the rate of patients with CSU affected by fever, JBMP, and malaise, their trigger factors, links with clinical and laboratory characteristics, and their impact on everyday life and treatment responses. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from the Chronic Urticaria Registry of 2,521 patients with CSU who were aged 16 years or older. RESULTS One third of CSU patients (31.2%; 786 of 2,521) had one or more NSRS, including recurrent fever (5.3%), JBMP (19.1%), and/or malaise (18.6%). In a multivariable analysis, having one or more of these NSRS correlated with food and infection as trigger factors of urticaria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7 and 1.5), wheals of 24 hours or greater duration (aOR = 2.5), sleep disturbance (aOR = 2.4), anxiety (aOR = 2.8), comorbid atopic dermatitis (aOR = 2.1), gastrointestinal disease (aOR = 1.8), elevated leukocytes (aOR = 1.7) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (aOR = 1.5). In a bivariate analysis, these NSRS were additionally associated with higher disease activity (weekly Urticaria Activity Score, median: 21 vs 14; P = .009), longer disease duration (years, median: 2 vs 1; P = .001), the presence of angioedema (74.6% vs 58.7%; P < .001), worse quality of life (Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire, median: 42 vs 29; P < .001) and more frequent poor control of CSU (78% vs 69%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of NSRS in a subpopulation of patients with CSU points to the need for better control of the disease, exclusion of comorbid conditions, and/or exclusion of urticarial vasculitis and urticarial autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Pyatilova
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yana Hackler
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Aulenbacher
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica san Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- Division of Allergy, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Cascia Day
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence, Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town, Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joachim Dissemond
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aurélie Du-Thanh
- University of Montpellier and University Hospital of Montpellier, Dermatology Department, Montpellier, France
| | - Daria Fomina
- Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M., Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Pulmonology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar and Research Institute, Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clive Grattan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatis Gregoriou
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alicja Kasperska-Zajac
- European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria/Angioedema (GA(2)LEN Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence Network), Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maryam Khoshkhui
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elena Kovalkova
- Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizaveta Kuznetsova
- Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon," Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Mukhina
- Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Pesqué
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonny Peter
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence, Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town, Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Research Department, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Institut National de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Sikora
- European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria/Angioedema (GA(2)LEN Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence Network), Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Papapit Tuchinda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mateusz Zamłyński
- European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria/Angioedema (GA(2)LEN Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence Network), Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karsten Weller
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.
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Wills S, Chavez J, Grover A, Beck N, Romano M, Bauer C, Gerspach M, Schneider M, Valcour A. PD-BAT: A novel approach of pooling basophil donors for expansion of commercial laboratory testing of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. J Immunol Methods 2024; 529:113679. [PMID: 38679364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The type II autoimmune subtype of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the presence of IgG autoantibodies targeting IgE or the IgE high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils. In evaluation of CSU patients, indirect basophil activation testing (BAT), has been utilized, involving the mixing of patient serum with heterologous peripheral blood donors, followed by flow cytometric assessment of basophil markers. However, the reliability of the indirect BAT results hinges on the quality of the donor basophils utilized. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach where multiple potential basophil donors undergo rigorous BAT characterization alongside control samples. By selecting and pooling donors with optimal performance, we significantly enhance the inter-assay reproducibility of the indirect BAT test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajay Grover
- Labcorp, Burlington, NC, United States of America
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6
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Bhowmik R, Shaharyar MA, Sarkar A, Mandal A, Anand K, Shabana H, Mitra A, Karmakar S. Immunopathogenesis of urticaria: a clinical perspective on histamine and cytokine involvement. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:877-896. [PMID: 38555555 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urticaria is a clinical condition characterized by the appearance of wheals (hives), angioedema, or both. Over the last several decades, a better understanding of the mechanisms at play in the immunopathogenesis of urticaria has underscored the existence of numerous urticaria subtypes. Separating the different kinds of urticaria explicitly helps find the best detection method for the management of this skin disorder. Subtypes of urticaria also include both spontaneous and physical types. The conventional ones include spontaneous urticaria, constituting both acute and chronic urticaria. Therefore, a broad and effective therapy is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria. METHODS To understand the immunopathogenesis of urticaria, various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were used to retrieve original articles and reviews related to urticaria. While information on several clinical trials were obtained from clinicaltrials.gov database. RESULTS This article highlights the immunopathogenesis involved in the intricate interaction between cellular infiltration, immune reactions, coagulation cascades, and autoantibodies that underlie urticaria's pathophysiology. CONCLUSION The recent progress in understanding urticaria can help to understand the intricate characteristics in the immunopathogenesis of urticaria and could play a beneficial role in the management of urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Md Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Avishek Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kumar Anand
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Humira Shabana
- Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Formerly, Meerut University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Achintya Mitra
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI) CCRAS Under Ministry of AYUSH, Thapla, Ganiyadeoli, Ranikhet Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Kovalkova E, Fomina D, Borzova E, Maltseva N, Chernov A, Serdoteckova S, Weller K, Maurer M. Comorbid Inducible Urticaria Is Linked to Non-Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: CURE Insights. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:482-490.e1. [PMID: 38008357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can have comorbid inducible urticaria (CIndU). How comorbid CIndU affects patients and their CSU is largely unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare patients with CSU with and without comorbid CIndUs for differences in demographic features, clinical characteristics, and laboratory markers. METHODS We analyzed 708 patients with CSU of our Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence enrolled in CURE, the chronic urticaria registry. CURE data collected until October 2022 were used to compare patients with and without comorbid CIndU for their demographic characteristics, disease onset, activity, impact, and control, as well as concomitant allergic and autoimmune diseases and laboratory parameters associated with autoimmune CSU. RESULTS Of 708 patients with CSU, 247 (35%) had comorbid CIndU. Compared with patients with standalone CSU, patients with CSU with comorbid CIndU were significantly younger, had earlier disease onset, longer disease duration, higher impact on quality of life, and a higher rate of concomitant allergic diseases. Moreover, patients with CSU with comorbid CIndU less often had features linked to autoimmune CSU such as angioedema, concomitant autoimmune diseases, eosinopenia, low levels of total IgE, and low total IgE combined with elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase IgG. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune CSU may be less common in patients with comorbid CIndU than without, and comorbid CIndU may point to autoallergic CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kovalkova
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daria Fomina
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Pulmonology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena Borzova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Dermatology Division, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Natalya Maltseva
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Chernov
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Serdoteckova
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergology and Immunology, Moscow Healthcare Department, City Clinical Hospital 52, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karsten Weller
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- GA(2)LEN Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Baumann K, Jørgensen AHR, Sørensen JA, Zhang DG, Ghazanfar MN, Skov PS, Woetmann A, Vestergaard C, Maurer M, Thomsen SF. Positive basophil histamine release assay predicts insufficient response to standard-dosed omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:1318-1321. [PMID: 37771063 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Baumann
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid-Helene Ravn Jørgensen
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Astrup Sørensen
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Georgina Zhang
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Misbah Noshela Ghazanfar
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Vestergaard
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermato-Venereology & Wound Healing Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Larenas-Linnemann D. Biomarkers of Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:655-664. [PMID: 38064133 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW Chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic inducible urticaria (CSU/CindU) are caused by mast cell and basophil activation leading to degranulation and the release of histamine and several other mediators. Three kinds of factors can trigger mast cells in CSU: (1) activation of stimulating receptor(s) on the mast cell membrane, (2) upregulation of certain receptor(s), and (3) intracellular dysregulation in signaling with overexpression of the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) or reduced activation of the inhibitory Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing inositol phosphatases (SHIP)-related pathways. In CSU, two major endotypes exist based on the primary receptor activating mechanism: type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated, directed against auto-allergens) and type IIb (autoimmune, via IgG autoantibodies directed against IgE or the IgE-receptor). Their treatment responses vary. We discuss in vitro and in vivo biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with auto-allergic CSU have clinical characteristics that can distinguish them partly from those with autoimmune CSU. Most importantly, their disease generally presents a less aggressive course, a better response to second generation (up-dosed) antihistamines and a good response to omalizumab, if necessary. Meanwhile, autoimmune CSU/CindU patients fare less well and often need immunosuppressive drugs. Biomarkers that might help endotype CSU/CindU patients and select the most appropriate treatment, dose, and duration, e.g., for autoallergic CSU, high total IgE and IgE against auto-allergens; for autoimmune CSU, low IgE, basopenia, and IgG against autoantigens like thyroid peroxidase and a positive autologous serum skin test (but sometimes also positive in autoallergy). Some biomarkers are easily accessible but of low specificity; others are highly specific but more futuristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Larenas-Linnemann
- Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia, Hospital Médica Sur, Puente de Piedra 150, T2-602 Colonia Toriello-Guerra, Delegación Tlalpan, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Kulumbegov B, Chikovani T, Gotua M, Kikodze N, Magen E. Interleukin-33, endothelin-1, and inflammatory parameters in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:429-435. [PMID: 37919851 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2023.44.230051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) can modulate the activation of mast cells and basophils in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, interplaying with other mediators of "low-grade inflammation." Objective: To compare ET-1, IL-33, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-basophil ratio (EBR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and system inflammation response index (SIRI) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and are antihistamine sensitive (AHS), antihistamine resistant (AHR), omalizumab sensitive (OmS), and omalizumab resistant (OmR). Methods: A prospective observational study enrolled 68 consecutive patients with CSU diagnosed and managed according to the dermatology section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Union funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the World Allergy Organization guidelines. Patients with a urticaria control test score of >12 are considered treatment sensitive, and ≤ 12 are considered resistant. The control group consisted of 20 sex-matched subjects without urticarial diseases. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), thyroid stimulating hormone, antithyroid peroxidase, mean platelet volume (MPV), NLR, ELR, PLR, EBR, SII, SIRI, ET-1, and IL-33 were measured at the study entry and compared between the study groups. Results: Thirty AHS group, 38 AHR group, and 20 control group patients were included. The AHS, AHR, and control groups did not differ in demographic parameters, but the CSU groups were characterized by higher indicators of inflammation. In comparison with the AHS group, the AHR group was characterized by higher levels of IL-33 (p = 0.007), ET-1 (p = 0.032), C-reactive protein (p = 0.016), MPV (p = 0.002), and higher rates of positive ANA (p = 0.019). Of the 38 patients from the AHR group, 30 (79%) were included in the OmS group and 8 (21%) were included in the OmR group. The OmR group was characterized by higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = 0.022), EBR (p < 0.001), higher rates of ANA (p = 0.004), and lower levels of ET-1 (p = 0.025) than the OmS group. Conclusion: Our study did not confirm NRL, PRL, SII, and SIRI, PLR as the biomarkers of treatment response to antihistamines and/or omalizumab in CSU. Higher blood levels of IL-33 and ET-1 characterize AHR CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tinatin Chikovani
- Immunology Department, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia, and
| | - Maia Gotua
- From the Center of Allergy and Immunology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Kikodze
- Immunology Department, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia, and
| | - Eli Magen
- Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ashdod, Israel
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11
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Xiang YK, Guloglu S, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Kocatürk E. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: new evidences on the role of autoimmunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:438-445. [PMID: 37459281 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advancements and relevance of the autoimmune theories in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). RECENT FINDINGS Two primary types of autoimmunity, Type I and Type IIb, have emerged as major contributors to CSU, characterized by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, respectively. Genetic evidence supports the notion that CSU shares more similarities with other autoimmune diseases rather than atopic diseases. Novel autoallergens such as FcεRI and tissue transglutaminase have been identified, contributed to our understanding of autoimmune mechanisms. Furthermore, the potential overlap between Type I and Type IIb autoimmunity has been recognized. Evaluating the autoimmune status of CSU patients through biomarkers and understanding their clinical implications is vital for effective management. For instance, CSU patients with Type IIb autoimmunity, with or without coexisting Type I autoimmunity, may exhibit resistance to H1-antihistamines and omalizumab treatment but could potentially respond well to cyclosporine or Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. SUMMARY Further investigations are needed to explore new autoallergens and autoantibodies in CSU, establishing their connection to the development of autoimmunity. The efficacy of novel drugs targeting different mechanisms should be examined to determine their responses in both autoimmune CSU and nonautoimmunity-related CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kui Xiang
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sercan Guloglu
- Koc University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Immunology
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Bourgoin P, Busnel JM. Promises and Remaining Challenges for Further Integration of Basophil Activation Test in Allergy-Related Research and Clinical Practice. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3000-3007. [PMID: 37634807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years after having been initially proposed, the relevance and usefulness of basophil activation test (BAT) for the field of allergy research and testing were demonstrated on many occasions. Leveraging the fully open format of a flexible, whole blood-based functional assay, BAT has been shown to be equally important for fundamental research, clinical research, and diagnosis. Regardless of whether the focus of a study is on the characterization of the allergenic moiety, on the patient side, or on the study of the fundamental processes involved in the allergic disease or its treatment, BAT enables the gathering of very important insights. In spite of this, its full capabilities have yet to be leveraged. Various bottlenecks, including but not limited to assay logistics, robustness, flow cytometry access, and/or expertise, have indeed been limiting its development beyond experts and long-term users. Now, various initiatives, aiming at resolving these bottlenecks, have been launched. If successful, a broader use of BAT could then be contemplated. In such a situation, its more thorough integration in clinical practice has the potential to significantly change the allergic patient's journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Bourgoin
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France.
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13
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Brás R, Costa C, Limão R, Caldeira LE, Paulino M, Pedro E. Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU): Real-Life Experience in Dose/Interval Adjustments and Treatment Discontinuation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2392-2402. [PMID: 36720390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on real-life experience with omalizumab dose/interval adjustments are still limited, as well as on omalizumab discontinuation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of omalizumab dose/interval adjustment in a Portuguese cohort of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to characterize those who discontinued omalizumab. METHODS A retrospective study of patients who started omalizumab for CSU at a Portuguese Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) was conducted between 2009 and 2021. Response criteria were based on a weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) <7 points (partial: UAS7 7-15 points; nonresponders: UAS7 >15 points) and minimal important difference >10 points. RESULTS A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the study; 83% of them were women, and the median age was 49 years (interquartile range: 40-58 years). On 300 mg q4 weeks, 96 (70%) patients were responders, 29 (21%) partial responders, and 13 (9%) nonresponders. After dose/interval adjustments (up to 600 mg q2 weeks), 108 (78%) were responders, 27 (20%) partial responders, and 3 (2%) nonresponders. No adverse events were reported. Updosing was more frequent in patients with angioedema, body mass index >30 kg/m2, positive basophil activation test, and autologous serum test. A total of 71 (51%) patients lengthened interval, presenting higher median pre-omalizumab D-dimer (0.2 vs 0 mcg/mL, P = .038) and C-reactive protein (0.3 vs 0.1 mg/dL, P = .030) values than those with a standard dose. In total, 37 patients (27%) stopped omalizumab, but 14 (38%) of them needed retreatment on average 11 months after discontinuation. Patients with angioedema and a longer omalizumab duration had higher chance of relapse. CONCLUSIONS Omalizumab dose and/or interval adjustment is effective and safe and should be implemented in partial/nonresponders for response improvement and in responders for further discontinuation. A protocol for regimen adjustments is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Brás
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Célia Costa
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Limão
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Esteves Caldeira
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marisa Paulino
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Pedro
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Asero R, Ferrer M, Kocaturk E, Maurer M. Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: The Role and Relevance of Autoreactivity, Autoimmunity, and Autoallergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2302-2308. [PMID: 36868473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a frequent and often severely disabling disease. A large number of studies were performed during the last 2 decades to clarify its pathogenesis. These studies shed light on the underlying autoimmune mechanisms of CSU pathogenesis and have led us to understand that different mechanisms may exist and, sometimes, coexist behind the same clinical presentation. The present article reviews the meaning of the terms autoreactivity, autoimmunity, and autoallergy, which have been variably used over the years to define different endotypes of the disease. Furthermore, we discuss the methods potentially able to lead us to the correct classification of CSU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Asero
- Allergy Department, San Carlo Clinic, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Department of Allergy, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Network of Inlammatory Diseases (REI)-RD21/0002/0028, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emek Kocaturk
- Department of Dermatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Allergology, Charitè, Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charitè, Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Moñino-Romero S, Hackler Y, Okas TL, Grekowitz EM, Fluhr JW, Hultsch V, Kiefer LA, Pyatilova P, Terhorst-Molawi D, Xiang YK, Siebenhaar F, Maurer M, Kolkhir P. Positive Basophil Tests Are Linked to High Disease Activity and Other Features of Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2411-2416. [PMID: 37286132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is believed to be Autoimmune (aiCSU) (type IIb CSU) in at least 8% of patients, associated with mast cell-activating IgG autoantibodies. Basophil tests such as the basophil activation test (BAT) and basophil histamine release assay (BHRA) are considered the best single tests for an aiCSU diagnosis. To date, the strength of associations among a positive BAT and/or BHRA (BAT/BHRA+) and CSU features, patient demographics, and response to treatment remains poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the strength of current evidence on basophil tests as parameters for CSU characteristics. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search and review to assess the relationship between BAT/BHRA+ and clinical and laboratory parameters of CSU. Of 1,058 records found in the search, 94 studies were reviewed by experts in urticaria and 42 were included in the analysis. RESULTS In CSU patients, BAT/BHRA+ showed a strong level of evidence for an association with high disease activity and low levels of total IgE. A weak level of evidence was shown for the association of BAT/BHRA+ and the presence of angioedema, and basopenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that aiCSU defined by BAT/BHRA+ is more active or severe and is linked to other aiCSU markers such as low total IgE/basopenia. Basophil tests should be standardized and implemented in routine clinical care to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with aiCSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherezade Moñino-Romero
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yana Hackler
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiia-Linda Okas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Maria Grekowitz
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Hultsch
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Alice Kiefer
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Pyatilova
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Kui Xiang
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Allergology and Immunology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Pedersen NH, Sørensen JA, Ghazanfar MN, Zhang DG, Vestergaard C, Thomsen SF. Biomarkers for Monitoring Treatment Response of Omalizumab in Patients with Chronic Urticaria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11328. [PMID: 37511088 PMCID: PMC10379579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a debilitating skin disease affecting around 1% of the population. CU can be subdivided into chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU). Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in the development of CU, and these are also being investigated as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of the disease. As of now the only assessment tools available for treatment response are patient reported outcomes (PROs). Although these tools are both validated and widely used, they leave a desire for more objective measurements. A biomarker is a broad subcategory of observations that can be used as an accurate, reproducible, and objective indicator of clinically relevant outcomes. This could be normal biological or pathogenic processes, or a response to an intervention or exposure, e.g., treatment response. Herein we provide an overview of biomarkers for CU, with a focus on prognostic biomarkers for treatment response to omalizumab, thereby potentially aiding physicians in personalizing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Højgaard Pedersen
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Astrup Sørensen
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Misbah Noshela Ghazanfar
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Georgina Zhang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Magen E, Merzon E, Green I, Magen I, Waitman DA, Kahan NR. A comparative study of chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic mast cell mediated angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:122-129. [PMID: 36872441 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2023.44.220101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mast cell-mediated angioedema (MC-AE) is considered a form of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Objective: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features that distinguish MC-AE from antihistamine-responsive CSU (CSU), and antihistamine-resistant CSU (R-CSU) with and without concomitant AE. Methods: A retrospective observational study using the electronic patient record data base of patients with MC-AE, CSU, R-CSU, and sex- and age-matched control group (control), with a case-control ratio of 1:2. Results: A total of 986 subjects in the CSU group, 148 in the R-CSU group, 64 in the MC-AE group, and 1198 in the control group were compared. The R-CSU group without AE was characterized by lower total IgE levels (118.5 ± 84.7 IU/mL) and higher High sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (138.9 ± 94.2 IU/mL, p = 0.027; and 7.4 ± 6.9 mg/L versus 5.1 ± 6.8 mg/L, p = 0.001) than the CSU without AE group. The R-CSU group with AE was characterized by lower total IgE levels (112.1 ± 81.3 IU/mL) than the CSU group with AE (141.7 ± 89.5 IU/mL; p < 0.001), higher hs-CRP levels (7.1 ± 6.1 mg/L versus 4.7 ± 5.9 mg/L; p < 0.001). There were fewer female subjects in the MC-AE group (31 [48.4%]) than in the CSU with AE and in the R-CSU with AE 223 (67.8%) and 18 (66.7%), respectively; p = 0.012). MC-AE group was characterized by less eyelid/perioral/facial involvement and more limb involvement than in the CSU with AE and R-CSU with AE groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Low IgE in MC-AE and higher IgE in CSU may signify two distinct types of immune dysregulation. Due to clinical and laboratory differences between MC-AE and CSU, we suggest questioning the assumption that MC-AE is a form of CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Magen
- From the Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- From the Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ilan Green
- From the Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Israel Magen
- Medicine A Department, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Dan-Andrei Waitman
- From the Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Natan R Kahan
- From the Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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18
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Sandoval-Ruballos M, Domínguez O, Ortiz de Landazuri I, Gereda D, Espinoza Cisneros M, Quesada Sequeira F, Ramos Rodríguez SM, Machinena A, Piquer M, Folqué MDM, Lozano J, Jiménez-Feijoo R, Pascal M, Alvaro-Lozano M. Pediatric chronic urticaria: Clinical and laboratory characteristics and factors linked to remission. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13929. [PMID: 36974641 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as the occurrence of wheals/angioedema for ≥6 consecutive weeks. Until now, guidelines and publications addressing CU have focused mainly on adults. As a result, evidence and guidance in the pediatric population are scarce. METHODS This study aims to describe clinical and laboratory findings in pediatric CU and to determine factors associated with remission. RESULTS 185 patients, 54% female, median age at onset of 8.8 years. Angioedema was present in almost half. The most common type of CU was chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in 74%. At least one atopic comorbidity was found in almost a third (35%). In addition, 8% had an autoimmune disorder (exclusively in CSU) and 9% had a psychiatric condition. Basopenia was found in 67% and was more frequently associated with CSU. The basophil activation test (BAT) was positive in 40%. With regard to remission, being of male sex, angioedema absence, the absence of physical triggers, and eosinophil counts >0.51 × 109 /L were associated with shorter CU duration. CONCLUSION Atopy is a common condition in pediatric CU. CSU is the most common type. Autoimmune comorbidities and basopenia were significantly more common in CSU. In addition, ours is one of the few studies, assessing BAT utility in the pediatric population, being positive in a relevant percentage (40%). BAT positivity was more frequent in CSU. Our results suggest that the absence of angioedema and physical triggers, male sex, and eosinophil counts >0.51 × 109 /L appear to be associated with a better prognosis in terms of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sandoval-Ruballos
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Domínguez
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniella Gereda
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Adrianna Machinena
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Piquer
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Folqué
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Lozano
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Jiménez-Feijoo
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alvaro-Lozano
- Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Khan S, Chopra C, Mitchell A, Nakonechna A, Yong P, Karim MY. Resistant Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria - A Case Series Narrative Review of Treatment Options. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY (PROVIDENCE, R.I.) 2022; 13:21526575221144951. [PMID: 36578314 PMCID: PMC9791268 DOI: 10.1177/21526575221144951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can be extremely debilitating to the patient and challenging for the treating clinician. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK) recommendation of omalizumab for patients who fail to respond to high-dose anti-histamines has improved treatment options and quality of life. However, there is still lack of clear guidelines for treatment of patients resistant to standard and anti-IgE therapies. Methods We discuss the therapeutic strategies employed among nine extremely resistant CSU cases and the heterogeneity between guidelines from different societies. Results Patients with anti-histamine-resistant urticaria either remained on omalizumab or started on immunosuppressive drugs (dapsone or ciclosporin) when they stopped responding to omalizumab. We used clinical assessment, skin biopsies (when available) and previous published reports to consider dapsone (for predominantly neutrophilic infiltration), or ciclosporin at doses between 2 and 4 mg/kg/day. One patient with ciclosporin-resistant urticaria responded to mycophenolate mofetil. Two patients remain on long-term omalizumab due to its relative safety and efficacy including 1 patient with underlying antibody deficiency where omalizumab was preferred over risks of using immunosuppressive medications. Conclusions These case studies bring to light the real-world difficulties in managing patients with resistant CSU and the need for generating the evidence base on alternative therapeutic options such as synergistic use of biologics and immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Khan
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK,Sujoy Khan, Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK.
| | - Charu Chopra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alla Nakonechna
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patrick Yong
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, Camberley, UK
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20
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Abstract
Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20% of the world population at some point during their life. It presents with wheals, angioedema or both due to activation and degranulation of skin mast cells and the release of histamine and other mediators. Most cases of urticaria are acute urticaria, which lasts ≤6 weeks and can be associated with infections or intake of drugs or foods. Chronic urticaria (CU) is either spontaneous or inducible, lasts >6 weeks and persists for >1 year in most patients. CU greatly affects patient quality of life, and is linked to psychiatric comorbidities and high healthcare costs. In contrast to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) has definite and subtype-specific triggers that induce signs and symptoms. The pathogenesis of CSU consists of several interlinked events involving autoantibodies, complement and coagulation. The diagnosis of urticaria is clinical, but several tests can be performed to exclude differential diagnoses and identify underlying causes in CSU or triggers in CIndU. Current urticaria treatment aims at complete response, with a stepwise approach using second-generation H1 antihistamines, omalizumab and cyclosporine. Novel treatment approaches centre on targeting mediators, signalling pathways and receptors of mast cells and other immune cells. Further research should focus on defining disease endotypes and their biomarkers, identifying new treatment targets and developing improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonny Peter
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town, Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Metz
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Detection of serum IgG autoantibodies to FcεRIα by ELISA in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273415. [PMID: 35984815 PMCID: PMC9390921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mast cells are a key effector cell in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and activated by circulating FcεRI-specific IgG as well as IgE. This study evaluated the prevalence of circulating autoantibodies to FcεRIα in the sera of CSU patients.
Methods
Eighty-eight patients with CSU and 76 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. To detect circulating autoantibodies (IgG/IgA/IgM) to FcεRIα, ELISA was done using YH35324 (as a solid phase antigen), and its binding specificity was confirmed by the ELISA inhibition test. The antibody levels were presented by the ratio of YH35324-preincubated to mock-preincubated absorbance values. Clinical and autoimmune parameters, including atopy, urticaria activity score (UAS), serum total/free IgE levels, serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and autologous serum skin test (ASST) results, were assessed. The autoimmune group was defined if CSU patients had positive results to ASST and/or ANA.
Results
The ratio of serum IgG to FcεRIα was significantly lower in CSU patients than in HCs (P<0.05), while no differences were noted in serum levels of IgG to recombinant FcεRIα or IgA/IgM autoantibodies. The autoimmune CSU group had significantly lower ratios of IgG/IgA (not IgM) autoantibodies to FcεRIα than the nonautoimmune CSU group (P<0.05 for each). No significant associations were found between sex, age, atopy, urticaria duration, UAS, or serum total/free IgE levels according to the presence of IgG/IgA/IgM antibodies.
Conclusions
This study confirmed the presence of IgG to FcεRIα in the sera of CSU patients, especially those with the autoimmune phenotype.
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22
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Kolkhir P, Muñoz M, Asero R, Ferrer M, Kocatürk E, Metz M, Xiang YK, Maurer M. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1819-1831. [PMID: 35667749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating mast cell-driven disease characterized by recurrent wheals and/or angioedema. Substantial progress has been made in dissecting the 2 main autoimmune mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of CSU. Type I autoimmune (autoallergic) CSU is associated with IgE antibodies against autoantigens, for example, thyroid peroxidase and IL-24. Type IIb autoimmune CSU is mediated by autoantibodies that activate mast cells, for example, via IgE and FcεRI, and is present in less than 10% of patients with CSU when strict criteria are used, that is, triple positivity of autologous serum skin test, immunoassays for IgG autoantibodies, and basophil activation tests. A subpopulation of patients with CSU has both types. Type IIb autoimmune CSU is characterized by higher disease severity, concomitant autoimmune diseases, low levels of total IgE, elevated levels of IgG-anti-thyroid peroxidase, basopenia, eosinopenia, poor response to antihistamines and to omalizumab, and a good response to cyclosporine. Novel targeted therapies for CSU are under development such as ligelizumab, an anti-IgE, fenebrutinib and remibrutinib, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and dupilumab, an anti-IL-4Rα. Further studies should investigate the overlap between autoallergic and type IIb autoimmune CSU, optimize the diagnosis of both autoimmune endotypes using easy-to-perform, noninvasive, and inexpensive markers, and assess differences in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Division of Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica san Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra Pamplona (IDISNA), Spain, RETIC de Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas, Madrid (ARADyAL), Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Kui Xiang
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Kolkhir P, Kovalkova E, Chernov A, Danilycheva I, Krause K, Sauer M, Shulzhenko A, Fomina D, Maurer M. Reply to "Is anti-TPO IgG and total IgE clinically useful for the detection of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria"? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1393-1394. [PMID: 35526868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kovalkova
- Center of Allergy and Immunology, Clinical State Hospital 52, Moscow Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Chernov
- Center of Allergy and Immunology, Clinical State Hospital 52, Moscow Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Danilycheva
- National Research Center-Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Karoline Krause
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merle Sauer
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Shulzhenko
- National Research Center-Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Fomina
- Center of Allergy and Immunology, Clinical State Hospital 52, Moscow Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Alves F, Calado R, Relvas M, Gomes T, Gonçalo M. Short courses of ciclosporin can induce long remissions in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e645-e646. [PMID: 35344624 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Alves
- Dermatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center
| | - R Calado
- Dermatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center
| | - M Relvas
- Dermatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center
| | - T Gomes
- Dermatology Department, Leiria Hospital
| | - M Gonçalo
- Dermatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
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