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Ghazy RM, Elrewany E, Gebreal A, ElMakhzangy R, Fadl N, Elbanna EH, Tolba MM, Hammad EM, Youssef N, Abosheaishaa H, Hamouda EEM, Mehana ZEE, Al Zomia AS, A Alnami RA, Salma EAS, Alqahtani AS, Alshehri AF, Hussein M. Systematic Review on the Efficacy, Effectiveness, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Monkeypox Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1708. [PMID: 38006040 PMCID: PMC10674429 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation in the reported vaccine safety and effectiveness could contribute to the high rates of vaccine hesitancy among the general population and healthcare workers in areas where monkeypox (mpox) is circulating. In this review, our objective was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, effectiveness, and efficacy of the mpox vaccines. METHODS An extensive search for articles across multiple databases was performed, including searching six databases (PubMed Central, PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest), two pre-print databases (European PMC Preprint and MedRxiv), and Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 4290 citations were retrieved from the included databases. Following the removal of duplicates and the initial screening of records, a total of 36 studies were included into the analysis. Additionally, we identified five more studies through manual searches, resulting in a total of 41 eligible articles for qualitative synthesis. The study findings revealed that mpox vaccines demonstrate the ability to generate adequate antibodies; however, their effectiveness may decrease over time, exhibiting varying safety profiles. Most of the included studies consistently reported substantial levels of effectiveness and efficacy against mpox. Interestingly, the number of vaccine doses administered was found to influence the degree of immunogenicity, subsequently impacting the overall effectiveness and efficacy of the vaccines. Furthermore, we found that smallpox vaccines exhibited a form of cross-protection against mpox. CONCLUSIONS Vaccines can be used to prevent mpox and effectively control its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (R.M.G.); (E.E.)
| | - Ehab Elrewany
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (R.M.G.); (E.E.)
| | - Assem Gebreal
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (A.G.); (E.M.H.); (Z.E.E.M.)
| | - Rony ElMakhzangy
- Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (R.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Noha Fadl
- Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (R.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Eman Hassan Elbanna
- Health Administration and Behavioral Sciences Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Tolba
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Faiyum City 63723, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed Mohamed Hammad
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (A.G.); (E.M.H.); (Z.E.E.M.)
| | - Naglaa Youssef
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | | | | | - Zeyad Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (A.G.); (E.M.H.); (Z.E.E.M.)
| | - Ahmed Saad Al Zomia
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.Z.); (R.A.A.A.); (E.A.S.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Raad Ahmed A Alnami
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.Z.); (R.A.A.A.); (E.A.S.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Emad Ali Saeed Salma
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.Z.); (R.A.A.A.); (E.A.S.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Saleh Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.Z.); (R.A.A.A.); (E.A.S.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Fayez Alshehri
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.Z.); (R.A.A.A.); (E.A.S.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Mai Hussein
- Clinical Research Administration, Alexandria Directorate of Health Affairs, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
- Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Master of Medical Science in Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Matusali G, Petruccioli E, Cimini E, Colavita F, Bettini A, Tartaglia E, Sbarra S, Meschi S, Lapa D, Francalancia M, Bordi L, Mazzotta V, Coen S, Mizzoni K, Beccacece A, Nicastri E, Pierelli L, Antinori A, Girardi E, Vaia F, Sette A, Grifoni A, Goletti D, Puro V, Maggi F. Evaluation of Cross-Immunity to the Mpox Virus Due to Historic Smallpox Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1541. [PMID: 37896943 PMCID: PMC10610801 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When the Mpox virus (MPXV) began spreading globally in 2022, it became critical to evaluate whether residual immunity from smallpox vaccination provided cross-protection. To assess the cross-immune response to MPXV, we collected serum samples (n = 97) and PBMCs (n = 30) from healthy-donors, either born before 1974 and reporting smallpox vaccination during childhood or born after 1975 and not vaccinated with Vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines. We evaluated the levels of anti-MPXV IgG and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) and the presence of a T cell response against MPXV. We found anti-MPXV IgG and Nabs in 60 (89.6%) and 40 (70.1%) vaccinated individuals, respectively. We observed a T cell response to Orthopoxviruses and MPXV peptide pools in 30% of vaccinated individuals. We thus show that a high proportion of subjects who received the smallpox vaccine 40 to 60 years ago have humoral cross-immunity, while the T-cell-specific response against MPXV was observed in a smaller group (30%) of vaccinated individuals. This study, combined with information on immunity developed during natural infection or the administration of current vaccines, will contribute to a better understanding of humoral and cellular responses against MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Farmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Aurora Bettini
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Farmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Settimia Sbarra
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimo Francalancia
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Sabrina Coen
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Klizia Mizzoni
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Highly Contagious Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Highly Contagious Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Luca Pierelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vaia
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Puro
- Risk Management Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (K.M.); (F.M.)
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Zhen Z, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhu Y, Wang X, Fu X, Ai J, Wang R, Xie Z, Ma S. Cross-reactive antibodies against monkeypox virus exist in the population immunized with vaccinia Tian Tan strain in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 113:105477. [PMID: 37392823 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The worldwide outbreak of MPXV in 2022 has caused widespread concerns. Cross-reactive antibodies induced by vaccinia-inoculation can provide protection against reinfection by MPXV. The vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) strain, which was widely inoculated in the Chinese population before the 1980s, has genomic differences from other vaccinia strains, although they all belong to the orthopoxviruses family. The current seroprevalence of VTT-vaccinated populations remains unclear more than four decades after the termination of vaccination campaigns in China. Our results showed that cross-reactive IgG antibodies against MPXV were present in 31.8% (75/236) of vaccinees four decades after VTT-vaccination, suggesting that vaccination with VTT may provide long-term protection against MPXV infection in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Zhen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Junhong Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Shuxuan Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
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Leonova GN, Somova LM, Abramova SA, Pustovalov EV. Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Feeding on Humans in a Natural Focus of the South of the Far East. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1791. [PMID: 37512963 PMCID: PMC10383858 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of pathogen co-infection detected in a half-fed Ixodes persulcatus tick taken from a human in the south of the Far East was studied. Research was carried out on PEK, Vero, and Vero-E6 cell lines, outbred mice, and chicken embryos using ELISA, PCR, IMFA, plaque formation, and electron microscopy. The tick contained an antigen and a genetic marker of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The patient had post-vaccination antibodies in a titer of 1:200, as a result of which, obviously, an antibody-dependent elimination of TBEV occurred. The tick-borne co-isolate also contained an unknown pathogen (Kiparis-144 virus), which, in our opinion, was a trigger for the activation of chronic infection in suckling white mice. In the laboratory co-isolate, ectromelia virus was present, as evidenced by paw edema during the intradermal infection of mice, characteristic rashes on the chorioallantoic envelope of chicken embryos, and typical plaques on Vero-E6. The Kiparis-144 virus was not pathogenic for white mice and chicken embryos, but it successfully multiplied in the PEK, Vero, and Vero-E6 lines. Viral co-infection was confirmed by electron microscopy. Passaging on mice contributed to an increase in the virulence of the co-isolate, whose titer increased by 10,000 times by the fifth passage, which poses an epidemiological danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N Leonova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Larisa M Somova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Abramova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Pustovalov
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Information and Computer Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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